Cuneiform bones

Three bones in the human foot

Not to be confused with the cuneiform cartilages.

Cuneiform bones; Cuneiform

Red=medial; yellow=intermediate; green=lateral

Cuneiform bones of the left foot

Details
Identifiers
Latin| os cuneiformis
pl. ossa cuneiformia
FMA| 24517
Anatomical terms of bone

[edit on Wikidata]

There are three cuneiform ("wedge-shaped") bones in the human foot:

* the first or medial cuneiform
* the second or intermediate cuneiform, also known as the middle cuneiform
* the third or lateral cuneiform

They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone.[1]

## Structure

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There are three cuneiform bones:

1. The medial cuneiform (also known as first cuneiform) is the largest of the cuneiforms. It is situated at the medial side of the foot, anterior to the navicular bone and posterior to the base of the first metatarsal. Lateral to it is the intermediate cuneiform. It articulates with four bones: the navicular, second cuneiform, and first and second metatarsals. The tibialis anterior and fibularis longus muscle inserts at the medial cuneiform bone.[2]
2. The intermediate cuneiform (second cuneiform or middle cuneiform) is shaped like a wedge, the thin end pointing downwards. The intermediate cuneiform is situated between the other two cuneiform bones (the medial and lateral cuneiforms), and articulates with the navicular posteriorly, the second metatarsal anteriorly and with the other cuneiforms on either side.
3. The lateral cuneiform (also known as third cuneiform or external cuneiform) intermediate in size between the other two cuneiform bones, is also wedge-shaped, the base being uppermost. It occupies the center of the front row of the tarsal bones, between the intermediate cuneiform medially, the cuboid laterally, the navicular posteriorly and the third metatarsal in front. The tibialis posterior inserts at the lateral cuneiform, while the flexor hallucis brevis originates from it.[2]

Further information: Dorsal cuneocuboid ligament

### Muscle attachments

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Muscle | Direction | Attachment[2]

|
|

Tibialis anterior | Insertion | Medial cuneiform
Fibularis longus | Insertion | Medial cuneiform
Tibialis posterior | Insertion | Medial cuneiform
Flexor hallucis brevis | Origin | Lateral cuneiform

## Injuries

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* Lisfranc fracture – in which one or all of the metatarsals are displaced from the tarsus[3]
* Cuneiform fracture - Due to the ligamentous support of the midfoot, isolated cuneiform fractures are rare [4]

## Additional images

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* Bones of the right foot. Dorsal surface.

* Bones of the right foot. Plantar Surface.

* Skeleton of foot. Medial aspect.

* Skeleton of foot. Lateral aspect.

* Oblique section of left intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations, showing the synovial cavities.

* Bones of foot

* Cuneiform. Superior view.

* Cuneiform. Superior view.

## Other animals

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This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2015)

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## See also

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This article uses anatomical terminology.

* Cuneiform, for writing by pressing a wedge-shaped reed into wet clay.

## References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cuneiform bones.

1. ^ Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). p. 245\. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7.
2. ^ a b c Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). pp. 364–367\. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7.
3. ^ TheFreeDictionary > Lisfranc's fracture Citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
4. ^ Mabry LM, Patti TN, Ross MD, Bleakley CM, Gisselman AS (July 2021). "Isolated Medial Cuneiform Fractures: A Systematic Search and Qualitative Analysis of Case Studies". J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 111 (4): 1–9\. doi:10.7547/20-047. PMID 34478529. S2CID 225705519.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

* v
* t
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Bones of the human leg

Femur|

| upper extremity|

* head
* fovea
* neck
* greater trochanter
* fossa
* lesser trochanter
* intertrochanteric line
* intertrochanteric crest
* quadrate tubercle

|

shaft|

* linea aspera
* upper medial: merges with intertrochanteric line
* upper intermediate: pectineal line
* upper lateral: gluteal tuberosity / third trochanter

lower extremity|

* adductor tubercle
* patellar surface
* epicondyles
* lateral
* medial
* condyles
* lateral
* medial
* intercondylar fossa

Tibia|

| upper extremity|

* Gerdy's tubercle
* condyles
* lateral
* medial
* intercondylar area

|

shaft|

* tuberosity
* soleal line

lower extremity|

* medial malleolus
* Anterior colliculus
* Posterior colliculus
* fibular notch

Fibula|

* lateral malleolus

Other|

* patella
* apex

Foot|

| Tarsus|

* calcaneus
* sustentaculum tali
* calcaneal tubercle
* talus
* navicular
* cuboid
* cuneiform
* medial
* intermediate
* lateral

|

Metatarsals|

* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th

Other|

* Phalanges

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