Cyril Ramaphosa

President of South Africa since 2018

His Excellency

Cyril Ramaphosa

Ramaphosa in 2025

5th President of South Africa

Incumbent

Assumed office
15 February 2018
Deputy|

* David Mabuza
(2018–2023)
* Paul Mashatile
(since 2023)

Preceded by| Jacob Zuma
14th President of the African National Congress

Incumbent

Assumed office
18 December 2017
Deputy|

* David Mabuza
(2017–2022)
* Paul Mashatile
(since 2022)

Preceded by| Jacob Zuma
7th Deputy President of South Africa
In office
26 May 2014 – 15 February 2018
President| Jacob Zuma
Preceded by| Kgalema Motlanthe
Succeeded by| David Mabuza
9th Deputy President of the African National Congress
In office
18 December 2012 – 18 December 2017
President| Jacob Zuma
Preceded by| Kgalema Motlanthe
Succeeded by| David Mabuza
13th Secretary-General of the African National Congress
In office
7 July 1991 – December 1996
President| Nelson Mandela
Preceded by| Alfred Nzo
Succeeded by|

* Cheryl Carolus (acting)
* Kgalema Motlanthe

Member of the National Assembly
In office
9 May 1994 – December 1996

Additional offices 1982‍–‍2021

18th Chairperson of the African Union
In office
10 February 2020 – 6 February 2021
Preceded by| Abdel Fattah el-Sisi[1]
Succeeded by| Felix Tshisekedi
1st Chancellor of the University of Mpumalanga
In office
2 April 2016 – 1 July 2021
Vice-Chancellor| Thoko Mayekiso
Preceded by| Position established
Succeeded by| Mandisa Maya
1st Secretary-General of the National Union of Mineworkers
In office
August 1982 – June 1991
President| James Motlatsi
Preceded by| Position established
Succeeded by| Kgalema Motlanthe
Personal details
Born|

Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa

(1952-11-17) 17 November 1952 (age 72)
Soweto, Union of South Africa
Political party| African National Congress
Spouses|

Hope Ramaphosa

(m. 1978; div. 1989)​

Nomazizi Mtshotshisa

(m. 1991; div. 1993)​

Tshepo Motsepe

(m. 1996)​

Children| 5 (estimated)
Alma mater|

* University of the North
* University of South Africa

Occupation|

* Politician
* businessman
* lawyer
* trade unionist
* philanthropist
* activist

Website|

* Foundation website
* Presidency website

Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (/ˌræməˈfɔːsə/ RAM-ə-FAW-sə[2] or /ˌrɑːməˈpoʊsə/ ⓘ RAH-mə-POH-sə; born 17 November 1952) is a South African businessman and politician serving as the 5th and current President of South Africa since 2018. A former anti-apartheid activist and trade union leader, Ramaphosa is also the president of the African National Congress (ANC).

Ramaphosa rose to national prominence as secretary general of South Africa's biggest and most powerful trade union, the National Union of Mineworkers.[3] In 1991, he was elected ANC secretary general under ANC president Nelson Mandela and became the ANC's chief negotiator during the negotiations that ended apartheid.[4][5] He was elected chairperson of the Constitutional Assembly after the country's first fully democratic elections in 1994 and some observers believed that he was Mandela's preferred successor.[6] However, Ramaphosa resigned from politics in 1996 and became well known as a businessman, including as an owner of McDonald's South Africa, chair of the board for MTN, member of the board for Lonmin, and founder of the Shanduka Group.

Ramaphosa returned to politics in December 2012 at the ANC's 53rd National Conference and served as the deputy president of South Africa under President Jacob Zuma from 2014 to 2018. He was also chairman of the National Planning Commission. At the ANC's 54th National Conference on 18 December 2017, he was elected president of the ANC. Two months later, the day after Zuma resigned on 14 February 2018, the National Assembly (NA) elected Ramaphosa as president of South Africa. He began his first full term as president in May 2019 following the ANC's victory in the 2019 general election. While president, Ramaphosa served as chairperson of the African Union from 2020 to 2021[1] and led South Africa's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ramaphosa's net worth was estimated at over R6.4 billion ($450 million) as of 2018.[7] He has been criticised for his conduct and involvement in his business interests, including his harsh posture as a Lonmin director towards the Marikana miners' strike in the week ahead of the Marikana massacre.

On 19 December 2022, it was announced that the ANC's 55th National Conference had elected Ramaphosa to a second term as president of the ANC.[8] On 14 June 2024, the National Assembly of South Africa elected Ramaphosa to a second term as president of South Africa after the ANC lost its majority in the general election.[9]

## Early life

[edit]

Ramaphosa was born in Soweto, Johannesburg, on 17 November 1952, to Venda parents.[10][11] He is the second of the three children to Erdmuth and retired policeman Samuel Ramaphosa.[12] He attended Tshilidzi Primary School and Sekano Ntoane High School in Soweto.[13] In 1971, he matriculated from Mphaphuli High School in Sibasa, Venda where he was elected head of the Student Christian Movement.[14] He subsequently registered to study law at the University of the North (Turfloop) in northern Transvaal Province (now Limpopo Province) in 1972.[15]

While at university, Ramaphosa became involved in student politics and joined the South African Students' Organisation (SASO)[16] and the Black People's Convention (BPC).[17] This resulted in him being detained in solitary confinement for eleven months in 1974 under Section 6 of the Terrorism Act, 1967, for organising pro-Frelimo rallies.[18] In 1976 he was detained again, following the unrest in Soweto, and held for six months at John Vorster Square under the Terrorism Act.[18] After his release, he became a law clerk for a Johannesburg firm of attorneys and continued with his legal studies through correspondence with the University of South Africa (UNISA), where he obtained his Bachelor of Procurationis degree (B. Proc.) in 1981.[19]

## Anti-apartheid and labour activism

[edit]

After completing his legal qualifications and obtaining his degree, Ramaphosa joined the Council of Unions of South Africa (CUSA) as an advisor in the legal department.[13][20] In 1982, CUSA requested that Ramaphosa start a union for mineworkers;[13] this new union was launched in the same year and was named the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM). Ramaphosa was arrested in Lebowa, on the charge of organising or planning to take part in a meeting in Namakgale which had been banned by the local magistrate.[21]

In August 1982, CUSA resolved to form the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), and in December Ramaphosa became its first secretary. Ramaphosa was the conference organiser in the preparations leading to the formation of the Congress of the South African Trade Union (COSATU). He delivered a keynote address at Cosatu's launch rally in Durban in December 1985. In March 1986, he was part of COSATU's delegation which met the African National Congress in Lusaka, Zambia.[22]

Ramaphosa was elected as the first general secretary of the union, a position he held until he resigned in June 1991,[22] following his election as secretary-general of the African National Congress (ANC). Under his leadership, union membership grew from 6,000 in 1982 to 300,000 in 1992, giving it control of nearly half of the total black workforce in the South African mining industry. As general secretary, he, James Motlatsi (president of NUM), and Elijah Barayi (vice-president of NUM) also led the mineworkers in one of the biggest strikes ever in South African history.

In December 1988, Ramaphosa and other prominent members of the Soweto community met Soweto's mayor to discuss the rent boycott crisis.[23]

In 1985, the NUM broke away from CUSA and helped to establish the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU). When COSATU joined forces with the United Democratic Front (UDF) political movement against the National Party government of P. W. Botha, Ramaphosa took a leading role in what became known as the Mass Democratic Movement (MDM).[24]

Ramaphosa has claimed that he is a committed socialist.[25]

## Rise in the ANC (1990–1996)

[edit]

After the ANC was unbanned in early 1990, Ramaphosa became increasingly close with the organisation. In January 1990, he accompanied released ANC political prisoners to the ANC headquarters in Lusaka, Zambia; and, later, that year, he served as chairman of the National Reception Committee, which coordinated arrangements for Nelson Mandela's release from prison, including concomitant celebratory rallies.[26][22] Ramaphosa was elected Secretary-General of the ANC at the party's 48th National Conference in Durban in July 1991, and subsequently became head of the ANC's delegation to the negotiations that ended apartheid. He was also a visiting professor of law at Stanford University in October 1991.[26]

Following the first fully democratic elections in 1994, he became a Member of Parliament (MP) and was elected the chairperson of its Constitutional Assembly on 24 May 1994, a central role in Mandela's Government of National Unity. He was also re-elected, unopposed, as ANC Secretary-General at the party's 49th National Conference in December 1994.[27] However, in 1996, he resigned from ANC office and from Parliament and announced his retreat from politics,[28] reportedly because he was disappointed that Thabo Mbeki had been anointed Mandela's successor.[29][30]

## Business career (1996–2014)

[edit]

After he resigned from politics, Ramaphosa became a businessman, taking advantage of the conducive environment provided by the new Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policy. Among other positions, he was executive chairman of the Shanduka Group, a company he founded, which invested in mineral resources, energy, real estate, banking, insurance, and telecoms (SEACOM).[31] By 2014, Shanduka was worth more than R20-billion, and the Ramaphosa family's Tshivhase Trust was its majority shareholder.[32] Ramaphosa was also a chairman of Bidvest, MTN, and from March 2007, Mondi, a leading international paper and packaging group. His other non-executive directorships included Macsteel Holdings, Alexander Forbes, SABMiller, Lonmin, Anglo American, and Standard Bank.[33][34] In 2011, Ramaphosa paid for a 20-year master franchise agreement to run 145 McDonald's restaurants in South Africa.[35] He also belonged to the Coca-Cola Company International Advisory Board[35] and the Unilever Africa Advisory Council.

Ramaphosa's various shareholdings made him one of South Africa's richest men.[36] According to the Sunday Times, his estimated net worth of R2.22 billion made him the 13th richest person in South Africa in 2011, and that figure jumped to R3.1 billion in 2012.[37] Both estimates, moreover, excluded his unlisted investments through Shanduka, including the McDonald's franchise agreement and a coal-mining partnership with Glencore.[37]

### Cattle farming

[edit]

During a visit to Uganda in 2004, Ramaphosa became interested in the Ankole breed of cattle. Because of inadequate disease control measures in Uganda, the South African government denied him permission to import any of the breed. Instead, Ramaphosa purchased 43 cows from Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni and shipped them to Kenya, where they were artificially inseminated; the embryos were then removed and shipped to South Africa, to be transferred to quarantined cows. As of August 2017, Ramaphosa had 100 Ankole breeding cows at his Ntaba Nyoni farm in Mpumalanga.[38][39] That year, he co-wrote a book about the breed, Cattle of the Ages: Stories, and Portraits of the Ankole Cattle of Southern Africa.[40]

### Public service

[edit]

His resignation from politics notwithstanding, Ramaphosa occasionally accepted positions in the public eye, both abroad and in South Africa. He became the first Vice Chairman of the Commonwealth Business Council,[34] and, in 1998, the Chairman of South Africa's BEE Commission.[41] In 2000, he was appointed to the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning as an arms inspector, responsible for supervising the decommissioning of Irish Republican Army armaments in Northern Ireland.[42] And, in April 2010, he was appointed by President Jacob Zuma to the National Planning Commission, where he served as deputy chairperson to Minister in the Presidency Trevor Manuel.[43]

In the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis, which followed the disputed re-election of President Mwai Kibaki in December 2007, Ramaphosa was unanimously chosen by Kofi Annan's mediation team to be the chief mediator in charge of long-term talks. However, Kibaki's government protested Ramaphosa's involvement, saying that he had business links with Kibaki's opponent Raila Odinga.[44] According to Ramaphosa, Odinga had visited him in 2007, but he did not have any "special interest" that would lead him to favour one side or the other;[45] however, he said that he could not be an effective mediator without "the trust and confidence of all parties" and that he did not wish to become an obstacle to the negotiations.[46] He therefore withdrew from the talks on 4 February.[44] However, he returned to a peacemaking role in 2014, when – in his capacity as Deputy Chairperson of the National Planning Commission – he served as the South African President's Special Envoy to South Sudan during the South Sudanese civil war.[47]

Ramaphosa also continued to accept nominations to the National Executive Committee of the ANC: at the 50th National Conference in 1997, he received the most votes of any candidate;[48] and at the 51st National Conference in 2002, he received the second-most.[49] Ahead of the 52nd National Conference in 2007, he denied persistent rumours that he intended to join the race to replace Mbeki as ANC president;[50][51] that year, he ranked 30th on the list of most popular NEC candidates.[52]

## ANC Deputy Presidency (2012–2017)

[edit]

Main article: 53rd National Conference of the African National Congress

Ramaphosa meets with Chilean President Michelle Bachelet in Santiago, 8 August 2014.

Ramaphosa made his return to political leadership in 2012, ahead of the ANC's 53rd National Conference, when he received nominations to become ANC Deputy President. On 20 May 2012, Derek Hanekom, an ANC MP, publicly encouraged Ramaphosa to run for the ANC presidency, saying, "We need leaders of comrade Cyril's calibre. I know Cyril is very good at business, but I really wish he would put all his money in a trust and step up for a higher and more senior position". Ramaphosa dismissed the resulting speculation, saying, "You can't read anything [into what Hanekom said]. He was joking".[53]

Indeed, Ramaphosa did not confirm his intention to accept the deputy presidential nomination until 16 December, the day before the conference began.[54] However, he received strong backing from incumbent President Jacob Zuma – a partnership viewed as a strategic attempt by Zuma to "outsmart and punish" Kgalema Motlanthe, who was challenging Zuma for the presidency but whose constituency was similar to Ramaphosa's, given their shared union backgrounds and polished reputations.[6][55] Ramaphosa elected ANC Deputy President in a resounding victory on 18 December: he received 3,018 votes, while Mathews Phosa received 470 votes and Tokyo Sexwale received 463 votes.[6][56]

## Deputy Presidency of South Africa (2014–2018)

[edit]

See also: Presidency of Jacob Zuma

After his reelection in the 2014 elections, President Zuma appointed Ramaphosa the Deputy President of South Africa on 25 May 2014; Ramaphosa was sworn into office by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng the following day.[57]

After his election as ANC Deputy President, Ramaphosa had begun the process of resigning from various business positions, and in 2014 he concluded the process, as required by the Executive Ethics Code. This entailed his exit from Shanduka,[58] from McDonald's South Africa,[59] from platinum producer Lonmin,[32][33] and from all other companies which might give rise to a conflict of interest, particularly in industries regulated by the government.[60] His other interests – including a share trading company, his livestock farms, his property interests, and a sports car company[32] – were placed in a blind trust.[60] Parliament's 2014 Register of Members' Interests reflected over R76-million in company shares held by Ramaphosa (although that figure excluded shares held together with private individuals), as well as his ownership of 30 townhouses in Johannesburg and two apartments in Cape Town.[32][61]

### Domestic role

[edit]

Alongside his duties as Deputy President, Ramaphosa was made Leader of Government Business in the National Assembly in terms of section 91(4) of the Constitution, a role which involved coordinating between Parliament and Zuma's cabinet. On 3 June, Zuma also appointed him the Chairman of the National Planning Commission, with Jeff Radebe as his deputy.[62] In addition, Ramaphosa was responsible for developing a proposal to implement a national minimum wage, leading consultation on the matter between Zuma's administration and representatives of labour and business.[63] The proposal was approved by cabinet in November 2017.[64]

In July 2014, Ramaphosa called for unity in the country after Julius Malema argued that the Afrikaans portion of the national anthem should be scrapped. Ramaphosa said, "We are about building a nation and we must extend a hand of friendship, a hand of continued reconciliation to those who feel that the national anthem does not represent them any longer, and it can happen on both sides".[65] Late in Zuma's term, Ramaphosa also began to address publicly the widespread allegations of corruption in Zuma's administration.[66]

### Foreign relations

[edit]

Ramaphosa at the Global Open Government Summit in Mexico City, 28 October 2015

In 2018, Ramaphosa, in Zuma's stead, led South Africa's delegation to the World Economic Forum in Davos, to promote investment and business in South Africa.[67] His other official trips abroad included a two-day working visit to Vietnam and Singapore, the objectives of which included consolidating trade relations, as well as the opportunity for South Africa to learn from the Singaporean economic model and the role it prescribed for state-owned enterprises.[68][69][70] Ramaphosa also continued to serve as Zuma's Special Envoy during the mediation in the South Sudanese conflict,[71] and participated in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) mediation in neighbouring Lesotho.[72]

## ANC Presidency (2017–present)

[edit]

### Election

[edit]

Main article: 54th National Conference of the African National Congress

Ramaphosa stood for the ANC presidency in 2017, at the expiry of Zuma's term. Although he received the NUM's endorsement as early as September 2016,[73] his campaign did not begin until April 2017.[74][75][76] Under the banner #CR17 Siyavuma,[77] Ramaphosa ran on anti-corruption platform, with an emphasis on economic policies conducive to industrialisation and investment.[78][79] He was endorsed by Cosatu and the SACP;[80] by the provincial leadership of the ANC's Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, and Gauteng provinces; and by politicians including education minister Angie Motshekga,[81] former finance minister Pravin Gordhan,[82] Cosatu president Sdumo Dlamini, and former KwaZulu-Natal Premier Senzo Mchunu.[83]

Ramaphosa's primary opponent was Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, who had the endorsement of Zuma, her ex-husband. On 18 December 2017, he was elected the President of the ANC at the party's 54th National Conference, defeating Dlamini-Zuma by 2,440 votes to 2,261.[84][85]

### Renewal project

[edit]

In his first speech as ANC leader, Ramaphosa pledged to stamp out corruption in the party.[86] He subsequently spearheaded what he said was a campaign to "renew" the ANC internally and to restore its integrity and public image.[87][88][89] Among other things, this campaign entailed the implementation of the new step-aside rule to suspend ANC leaders accused of corruption. This, in turn, led to a confrontation with ANC Secretary-General Ace Magashule, who, upon his suspension from the party in May 2021, attempted to retaliate by suspending Ramaphosa, accusing him of irregularities in the financing of the CR2017 campaign. Magashule's attempt had no legal force because of his own suspension.[90]

In December 2022, Ramaphosa was re-elected leader of the ANC, running against Zweli Mkhize, for a second five-year term.[91] The next parliamentary general election which took place in 2024 saw the ANC lose its parliamentary majority.[92][93][9] Despite this, Ramaphosa would secure a third term as president in June 2024 after the ANC secured a coalition with the Democratic Alliance (DA), the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) and the Patriotic Alliance (PA) parties.[93][9] Ramaphosa received 283 votes to Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) leader Julius Malema's 44 in the 400-member house.[9]

## Presidency of South Africa (2018–present)

[edit]

Following President Jacob Zuma's resignation in February 2018, Ramaphosa was elected unopposed as President of South Africa by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018.[94] Ramaphosa took his oath of office in the presidential guesthouse, Tuynhuys, by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng.[95][96][97]

Markets rallied strongly the day after Ramaphosa assumed the presidency with stocks rising and the rand reaching its firmest since early 2015. Government bonds also increased in strength.[98][99]

On 16 February 2018, Ramaphosa gave his first State of the Nation Address as the president of South Africa, the first time in a democratic South Africa where the president delivered his State of the Nation Address without a deputy president. Ramaphosa emphasised the need to grow the economy of South Africa, increase tourism and youth employment, as well as reduce the size of the Cabinet. In this speech, Ramaphosa also focused on the importance of keeping Mandela's legacy alive.[100]

Ramaphosa's speech was met with mostly positive reviews from opposition parties saying that his speech was positive and that it would bring about change, but that they would hold him accountable.[101][102]

On 17 February 2018, Ramaphosa, as commander in chief of the South African National Defence Force, attended the Armed Forces Inter-Faith Service at the Mittah Seperepere Convention Centre in Kimberley and made his first public speech as the president of South Africa.[103]

On 26 February 2018, Ramaphosa, who had inherited Jacob Zuma's cabinet, reshuffled cabinet for the first time removing many of the cabinet members who had been controversial through the Zuma era and who had close links to the Gupta family. Ramaphosa also named the deputy president of the African National Congress and the Premier of Mpumalanga, David Mabuza, as the country's Deputy President.[104][105]

Ramaphosa with Russian President Vladimir Putin in St. Petersburg on 17 June 2023

On 8 May 2019, the African National Congress led by President Ramaphosa won 57.50% of the vote in the 2019 South African general election.[106][107] Ramaphosa was subsequently elected unopposed to his first full term as president by the National Assembly on 22 May 2019.[108] As Ramaphosa had previously been elected as president to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of his predecessor, he is constitutionally eligible to serve two full terms.[109]

At the 2020 AU summit, Ramaphosa expressed support for the African Continental Free Trade Area and described it as a major driver for reigniting industrialization and paving the way for Africa's integration into the global market.[1] Ramaphosa also stated that the free trade agreement will make Africa a player of considerable weight and scale in the global market as well.[1]

At the 2020 AU Summit, Ramaphosa also expressed support for closing the gender gap and ending gender inequality.[1]

His government responded to the 2021 South African unrest, the deadliest riots in South Africa since the apartheid era.[110]

Ramaphosa was re-elected as president for a second term on 14 June 2024 with the support of the Democratic Alliance and other opposition parties after ANC failed to win an outright majority in the 2024 general elections.[111] Ramaphosa was inaugurated and took his oath of office at the Union Buildings in Pretoria on 19 June 2024.[112]

### Domestic policy

[edit]

Ramaphosa in 2019

Since Ramaphosa became president he has made land reform and the economy his main priorities, as well as dealing with the outbreak of listeriosis which has claimed the lives of over 100 since the start of 2018.

In February 2018, South Africa's parliament voted 241–83 to begin amending the "property clause" in the constitution to allow the expropriation of land without compensation.[113][114]

On 19 March 2018, Ramaphosa suspended Tom Moyane as the Commissioner of the South African Revenue Service after Moyane had refused to step down.[115][116]

Under his leadership, the African National Congress has pushed for a constitutional amendment allowing the government to confiscate farms owned by White South Africans. He has said that the state having the power to seize property for no compensation will encourage economic growth.[117] In a time when the Rand is at a two-year low, economists have been doubtful over the possibility of this policy being successful.[118]

On 14 August 2018, Ramaphosa appointed Dr. Silas Ramaite as the Acting National Director of Public Prosecutions (NDPP) following the ruling by the Constitutional Court that Director Shaun Abrahams had been appointed unlawfully by the former president, Jacob Zuma.[119]

South Africa made world headlines because of attacks against foreign nationals within the borders of the country, with many South Africans blaming foreign nationals for the country's socio-economic issues.[120]

On 10 June 2021, Ramaphosa announced that his government would raise the threshold for the amount of electricity that private companies could produce without a license – from 1 Megawatt to 100 Megawatts.[121] The decision was taken in order to respond to the increasing challenges faced by the country during the ongoing energy crisis, and to give "oomph," in Ramaphosa's words, to South Africa's economic recovery.[122]

On 11 February 2022, Ramaphosa announced that his government will formalise the South African cannabis industry, seeking to grow both production and exports.[123]

Ramaphosa launched the Youth Employment Service (YES) initiative as a means to employ one million youth and giving them more experience in the working field, with the South African Government even introducing the Employment Tax Incentive, which would reduce employer's costs when hiring youth.[124][125]

On 14 August 2018, President Ramaphosa addressed the launch of the Sanitation Appropriate For Education (SAFE) initiative in Pretoria to respond to the sanitary challenges facing the country's poorest schools.[126][127]

### Foreign policy

[edit]

Main article: List of international presidential trips made by Cyril Ramaphosa

Map showing a summary of the countries Ramaphosa made official trips as president

Ramaphosa made his first international trip as President of South Africa to the Republic of Angola and met with President João Lourenço in his capacity as chairperson of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to talk about peace and defence. Ramaphosa made his first international trip as the president of South Africa on 2 March 2018 to the Republic of Angola and met with President João Lourenço as the chair of the SADC.[128]

On 20 March 2018, Ramaphosa made a trip to Kigali, Rwanda, along with Foreign Minister Lindiwe Sisulu, and met with President Paul Kagame and spoke about restoring relations between South Africa and Rwanda, later participating as panelists on the African Continental Free Trade Area Business Forum (ACFTABF) ahead of the 10th African Union Extraordinary Summit. The following day, Ramaphosa signed the Kigali Declaration on the establishment of the ACFTABF at the 10th African Union Extraordinary Summit.[129]

Ramaphosa alongside UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson at the 47th G7 summit, 12 June 2021

Ramaphosa hosted the 11th BRICS summit for 25–27 July 2018, at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg.[130]

On 10 May 2021, Ramaphosa said that the ANC condemned "in the strongest possible terms" the potential evictions of Palestinian families from their homes in Israeli-occupied East Jerusalem and the "brutal attacks on Palestinian protesters" at Al-Aqsa.[131]

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, launched on 24 February 2022, Ramaphosa did not condemn Russia or agree to any sanctions against Russia.[132][133] A month later, he stated that maintaining neutrality was essential to his having been asked to mediate between the two countries' leadership. Ramaphosa blamed NATO's proximity to Russian borders for the war: "The war could have been avoided if NATO had heeded the warnings from amongst its own leaders and officials over the years that its eastward expansion would lead to greater, not less, instability in the region."[134] On 11 May 2023, the United States ambassador to South Africa alleged the country was supplying weapons and ammunition to Russia.[135] Days later, Ramaphosa announced his Russian and Ukrainian counterparts have agreed that a delegation of African heads of state could visit Moscow and Kyiv to present a peace plan. "Whether that will succeed or not is going to depend on the discussions that will be held," he said.[136]

In November 2022, Ramaphosa became the first foreign head of state to make a formal state visit to the United Kingdom during the reign of King Charles III.[137] He was made an honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath by Charles.[138]

Ramaphosa with U.S. President Joe Biden in the White House, 16 September 2022

On 16 May 2023, Ramaphosa announced that the leaders of African countries came up with a new initiative for peace in Ukraine.[139] In June 2023, Ramaphosa led a delegation to Russia and Ukraine, which also included heads of state from Zambia, the Republic of Congo, Egypt, Uganda and Senegal.[140] After a meeting with Ramaphosa in Kyiv, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said that peace talks with Russia would be possible only after Moscow withdraws its forces from the entire occupied territory.[141] Ramaphosa visited the site of a mass grave in the town of Bucha, Ukraine and was in Kyiv during Russia's missile attack on the city.[142] Putin later admitted to Ramaphosa that he had ordered the bombing of Kyiv that day despite the presence of an African delegation in the city.[143] He met Russian President Vladimir Putin in St. Petersburg and told Putin that the war must end,[144] but Putin rejected the delegation's peace plan based on accepting Ukraine's internationally recognized borders.[145]

Ramaphosa and other BRICS leaders during the 15th BRICS Summit in Johannesburg, August 2023. Russia was represented by Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov. Ramaphosa with U.S. President Donald Trump in the White House, 21 May 2025

In July 2023, Ramaphosa attended the 2023 Russia–Africa Summit in Saint Petersburg and met with Russian President Putin.[146][147] Ramaphosa called for peace in Ukraine and expressed concern about the global food crisis and rising fertilizer prices.[148]

Ramaphosa called for a ceasefire in the Gaza war,[149] stating "as South Africans we can relate to what is happening to Palestinians".[150] He condemned Israel's blockade of the Gaza Strip and the "collective punishment" of Palestinians in Gaza.[151][150] Ramaphosa described Israel as an "oppressive regime".[152]

In January 2024, he met with Hemedti, the leader of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), in their first meeting since the start of the Sudanese Civil War.[153] He called for a ceasefire without reference to the humanitarian situation in the country.[154][155] He has emerged to embrace civilian politicians and tour African capitals in a bid for international legitimacy, analysts said.[156]

In October 2024, he attended the 16th BRICS summit in Kazan, Russia, where he met with Russian President Vladimir Putin,[157] Chinese President Xi Jinping, and other leaders.[158]

In January 2025, South African Defense Minister Angie Motshekga stated that the M23 offensive against South African positions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, resulting in the death of 13 South African peacekeepers, was only alleviated after President Ramaphosa told the Rwandan government that continued attacks would be interpreted by South Africa as a "declaration of war" by Rwanda.[159] President Ramphosa later also wrote on X that the South African peacekeepers had been killed by the "Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) militia."[160]

On 21 May 2025, Ramaphosa visited the White House in Washington, D.C. for a bilateral meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump, in a high-profile diplomatic engagement aimed at addressing escalating tensions between the two nations.[161] This was after the U.S. offered refugee status to 59 white Afrikaners on the basis of the alleged persecution of the Afrikaner minority and the enactment of the Expropriation Act, 2024.[162][163] The visit was broadly considered a success, and it was followed by President Ramaphosa announcing that President Trump would attend the 2025 G20 summit in South Africa (which Trump had originally declined to do). International relations experts and economists welcomed the announcement.[164]

### Coronavirus response

[edit]

See also: COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa

Ramaphosa has been internationally praised for his response to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa with the BBC commenting that, in this regard, "Ramaphosa has emerged as a formidable leader — composed, compassionate, but seized by the urgency of the moment."[165] In October 2020, Ramaphosa began a period of self-isolation after a guest at a dinner party he attended tested positive for coronavirus.[166]

On 12 December 2021, Minister in the Presidency, Mondli Gungubele announced that Ramaphosa had tested positive for COVID-19, and deputy president, David Mabuza would take over "all responsibilities" for the following week.[167]

## Political philanthropy

[edit]

Ramaphosa publicly declared in South Africa on 24 May 2018 that he would be donating half of his salary (R3.6 million annually) to charity in honour of late former South African president Nelson Mandela. He said the gesture was aimed at encouraging the wealthy to dedicate some of their pay to help build the nation. The donation was set to be managed by the Nelson Mandela Foundation (NMF).[168]

Ramaphosa is also the founder of the Cyril Ramaphosa Foundation.

## Controversies

[edit]

### Marikana massacre

[edit]

Main article: Marikana massacre

The Marikana massacre,[169] as referred to in the media, occurred when police broke up an occupation by striking Lonmin workers of a "koppie" (hilltop) near Nkaneng shack settlement in Marikana on 16 August 2012. As a result of the police shootings, 34 miners died and an additional 78 miners were injured causing anger and outcry against the police and South African government. Further controversy emerged after it was discovered that most of the victims were shot in the back[170] and many victims were shot far from police lines.[171] The violence on 16 August 2012 was the single most lethal use of force by South African security forces against civilians since the end of the apartheid era.[172]

During the Marikana Commission, it also emerged that Lonmin management solicited Ramaphosa, a Lonmin shareholder and ANC heavyweight, to coordinate "concomitant action" against "criminal" protesters and therefore is seen by many as being responsible for the massacre.[173][174]

Under the investigation of Farlam committee, Ramaphosa said that Lonmin lobbied government and the SAPS firstly to secure a massive police presence at Lonmin and secondly to characterise what was taking place as a criminal rather than an industrial relations event.[175]

The Marikana Commission of Inquiry ultimately found that given the deaths that had already occurred, his intervention did not cause the increase in police on site, nor did he know the operation would take place on 16 August.[176]

He was employed on the board of directors of Lonmin while taking an active stance when the Marikana Massacre took place on Lonmin's Marikana premises. On 15 August 2012 he called for action against the Marikana miners' strike, which he called "dastardly criminal" conduct that needed "concomitant action" to be taken.[177] He later admitted and regretted his involvement in the act and said that it could have been avoided if contingency plans had been made prior to the labour strike.[178]

### Extramarital affair

[edit]

In August 2017, the Sunday Independent published an article alleging that Ramaphosa had had several extramarital affairs, including with some women to whom he had given money. Ramaphosa denied the allegations, claiming that they were politically motivated aimed to derail his presidential campaign.[179] Later emails between Ramaphosa and his mistress were leaked. Within the emails were instances of Ramaphosa referring to his mistress as "cupcake". This led to South Africans nicknaming Ramaphosa as "cupcake". Ramaphosa would later admit to the affair, although he denied that there was more than one.[180][181]

### CR17 campaign funds

[edit]

On 19 July 2019, the Public Protector, Busisiwe Mkhwebane, released a report in which she claimed that Ramaphosa had intentionally misled the Parliament of South Africa over the controversial Bosasa donations to his CR17 ANC presidential campaign. COPE Leader Mosiuoa Lekota called for Ramaphosa to be impeached while DA Leader Mmusi Maimane proposed the establishment of an ad hoc committee to effectively investigate these allegations. Ramaphosa briefed the nation on 21 July 2019 and described the report as "fundamentally flawed" and called for a judicial review of Mkhwebane's findings.[182][183][184][185][186]

### Conduct of business interests

[edit]

Ramaphosa has been criticised for the conduct of his business interests,[187][188][189][190][191] although he has never been indicted for illegal activity in any of these controversies. Controversial business dealings include his joint venture with Glencore[192] and allegations of benefitting illegally from coal deals with Eskom which he has staunchly denied,[193][194] during which Glencore was in the public spotlight for its tendentious business activities involving Tony Blair in the Middle East; his son, Andile Ramaphosa, has also been found to have accepted payments totalling R2 million from Bosasa, the security company implicated in corruption and state capture by the Zondo Commission.[195][196]

### Phala Phala robbery

[edit]

Main article: 2020 Phala Phala Robbery

On 9 February 2020, it is alleged about US$4 million in cash was stolen from Ramaphosa's Phala Phala game farm in Limpopo, although the exact amount was disputed.[197]

Ramaphosa later said the amount was $580,000. In 2022, he was accused of corruption, obstruction of justice, kidnapping and bribing the burglars into silence. After delivery of a report on the matter commissioned by Speaker Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, the parliament voted on 13 December 2022, 148 for and 214 against impeachment of the president.[citation needed]. On 11 October 2024, the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) announced that it would not be prosecuteing Ramaphosa or any suspects involved in the case.[198][199]

## Honours and awards

[edit]

Ramaphosa received the Olof Palme Prize in Stockholm in October 1987.[200] In 1995, he received the prize "Archivio Disarmo - Golden Doves for Peace" from IRIAD. [201]

In 2009, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 2009, presented by Awards Council member Archbishop Desmond Tutu at a ceremony at St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town.[202][203] He has also frequently been listed as an influential individual: he was voted 34th in the 2004 list of Top 100 Great South Africans,[204] and was included in the Time 100 in 2007[205] and 2019.[206]

He has received honorary doctorates from, among others, the University of Natal, the University of Port Elizabeth, the University of Cape Town, the University of the North, the National University of Lesotho, National University of Ireland Galway,[207] the University of Massachusetts Boston,[208] and the University of Pennsylvania.[209]

### State honours

[edit]

* Algeria: Medal of the Order of National Merit (Athir, 2024)[210]
* Guinea: Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (2019)[211]
* Saudi Arabia: Collar of the Order of King Abdulaziz (2018)[212]
* Senegal: Grand Cross of the National Order of the Lion (2021)[213]
* United Kingdom: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB, 2022)

## Personal life

[edit]

Ramaphosa was married from 1978 to 1989 to Hope Ramaphosa, with whom he has a son, and from 1991 to 1993 to the now deceased businesswoman Nomazizi Mtshotshisa. In 1996, he married Tshepo Motsepe,[214] a medical doctor and the sister of South African mining billionaire Patrice Motsepe.[215] He is thought to have five children.[216][217]

He owns a luxury mansion at the foot of Lion's Head in Cape Town,[218] as well as 30 other properties.[219] In 2018, Investing.com estimated his net worth at R6.4 billion ($450 million).[220]

He is a polyglot, and is known for using a variety of South African languages when delivering his speeches.[221]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e Ateba, Simon (10 February 2020). "South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to "silence the guns," boost trade and close gender gap". Today News Africa. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
2. ^ "Ramaphosa". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
3. ^ Saul, John S. (2014). South Africa – the present as history : from Mrs. Ples to Mandela & Marikana. Woodbridge, Suffolk. ISBN 9781847010926. OCLC 872681428.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
4. ^ "Ramaphosa has what it takes to fix South Africa's ailing ANC. But ..." TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
5. ^ tinashe (30 June 2011). "Negotiations and the transition". South African History Online. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
6. ^ a b c Munusamy, Ranjeni (20 December 2012). "Cyril Ramaphosa: the return of Nelson Mandela's chosen one". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
7. ^ "Here are the 20 richest people in South Africa". BusinessTech. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
8. ^ "Ramaphosa wins by outright majority". Moneyweb. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
9. ^ a b c d Imray, Gerald; Magome, Mogomotsi (14 June 2024). "South Africa's President Ramaphosa is reelected for second term after a dramatic late coalition deal". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
10. ^ Butler, Anthony (2011). Cyril Ramaphosa. Johannesburg: Jacana. p. 1\. ISBN 9781431401840.
11. ^ Modjadji, Ngwako; Matlala, Alex. "Ramaphosa 'not born in Limpopo'". The Citizen. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
12. ^ "25 Things you don't know about Cyril Ramaphosa". Youth Village. 25 October 2013. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
13. ^ a b c "Cyril Matamela Ramaphosa". South African History Online. 17 February 2011. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
14. ^ "Who is Cyril Ramaphosa?". Moneyweb. 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
15. ^ "African Success : Biography of Cyril RAMAPHOSA". africansuccess.org. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
16. ^ "South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid". overcomingapartheid.msu.edu. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
17. ^ "Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa". gec.co. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
18. ^ a b "Cyril Ramaphosa – the man who wants to make South Africa great". BBC News. 2 August 2017. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
19. ^ Kaumbi, Uazuva. "The curious case of Comrade Cyril – Windhoek Observer". Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
20. ^ "Today in History". yworld.co.za. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
21. ^ "Ramaphosa is arrested". South African History Online. 16 March 2011. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
22. ^ a b c "Tracking Cyril's political career". Cape Times. 19 December 2017. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
23. ^ Battersby, John D. (22 February 1988). "Blacks Pressing A Rent Boycott In South Africa". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
24. ^ Spector, J. Brooks (22 August 2013). "The UDF at 30: An organisation that shook Apartheid's foundation". The Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
25. ^ Gon, Sara (27 August 2018). "Ramaphosa says he's a socialist – believe him!". Rational Standard. Institute of Race Relations. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
26. ^ a b "President Cyril Ramaphosa: Profile". Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
27. ^ "49th National Conference: National Executive Committee as elected at Conference". ANC. 25 March 2021. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
28. ^ "Top S. African Official Quits for Business Post". Los Angeles Times. 14 April 1996. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
29. ^ Gedye, Lloyd (2 November 2012). "Ramaphosa: The ANC's prodigal son returns". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
30. ^ Lodge, Tom (2006). Mandela : a critical life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 211\. ISBN 978-0-19-151723-5. OCLC 99996633. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
31. ^ "Shanduka Group sees leadership changes". IOL. 20 September 2010. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
32. ^ a b c d "Ramaphosa declares R76-million, rest kept confidential". Mail & Guardian. 18 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
33. ^ a b "Ramaphosa exits Lonmin, Mondi boards". IOL. 23 January 2013. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
34. ^ a b Nsehe, Mfonobong (5 July 2011). "Rich and Powerful Africans: Cyril Ramaphosa". Forbes. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
35. ^ a b "McDonald's South Africa chain bought by Cyril Ramaphosa". BBC News. 17 March 2011. Archived from the original on 30 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
36. ^ "Return of a prodigal son". The Economist. 22 December 2012. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
37. ^ a b Marais, Jana (16 September 2012). "Rich still in pound seats". Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
38. ^ "Ankole Longhorn: Cyril Ramaphosa's passion and pride". Farmers Weekly. 22 August 2017. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
39. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa's Ankole bull sells for R640 000". Farmers Weekly. 12 May 2017. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
40. ^ "Ramaphosa writes book on cattle". Independent. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
41. ^ Black Economic Empowerment Commission (2001). A National Integrated Black Economic Empowerment Strategy (PDF). Johannesburg: Skotaville Press. ISBN 9781919882024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
42. ^ "Reports of the Weapons Inspectors". Reports and Statements by the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD). CAIN. Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
43. ^ "Ramaphosa, Godsell on National Planning Commission". The Mail & Guardian. 30 April 2010. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
44. ^ a b "Kenya Rejects S African Mediator". Al Jazeera. 4 February 2008. Archived from the original on 7 February 2008. Retrieved 4 February 2008.
45. ^ "IOL: News for South Africa and the World". Archived from the original on 15 June 2006. Retrieved 7 February 2008.
46. ^ "IOL: News for South Africa and the World". Archived from the original on 15 June 2006. Retrieved 8 February 2008.
47. ^ "Deputy Chairperson Cyril Ramaphosa undertakes working visit to South Sudan, 5 to 12 Mar". South African Government. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
48. ^ "50th National Conference: NEC Election Results". ANC. 10 November 2014. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
49. ^ Battersby, John (20 December 2002). "ANC gets tough on Reds in its bed". IOL. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
50. ^ Le Roux, Mariette (24 June 2006). "Mandela remains neutral on Ramaphosa". IOL. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
51. ^ "Ramaphosa joins ANC race". CityPress. 22 July 2006. Archived from the original on 16 May 2007.
52. ^ Boyle, Brendan (21 December 2007). "Winnie Mandela tops ANC election list". The Times. Archived from the original on 2 October 2008. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
53. ^ "Hanekom talks up Ramaphosa". News24. 19 May 2012. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
54. ^ Smith, David (16 December 2012). "ANC attempts to regroup as Nelson Mandela recovers in hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
55. ^ Grootes, Stephen (13 June 2021). "Kgalema Motlanthe returns to support Ramaphosa when trusted people are few and far between". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
56. ^ Subramany, Deshnee (18 December 2012). "Mangaung: The ANC's newly elected top six". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
57. ^ Bauer, Nickolaus (25 May 2014). "Ramaphosa the comeback kid of SA politics". eNCA. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
58. ^ Mataboge, Mmanaledi (27 May 2014). "Ramaphosa withdraws from Shanduka Group". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
59. ^ Peyper, Liesl (21 September 2016). "Cyril Ramaphosa selling McDonald's SA to foreign firm". Fin24. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
60. ^ a b "Ramaphosa puts business interests in trust". Fin24. 26 November 2014. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
61. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa declares R76m in shares, but ..." CityPress. 17 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
62. ^ Paton, Carol (3 June 2014). "Zuma appoints Ramaphosa to planning role". Business Day. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
63. ^ Orderson, Crystal (8 February 2017). "South Africa's presidential frontrunner announces country's first minimum wage". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
64. ^ Mokone, Thabo (2 November 2017). "National minimum wage to be implemented in May 2018". Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
65. ^ Ramaphosa: Controversy over "Die Stem" unfortunate Archived 22 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Drum, 24 July 2014
66. ^ "Ramaphosa steps up to the plate ... at last". The Mail & Guardian. 13 January 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
67. ^ Groenewald, Yolandi (18 January 2018). "We'll win over sceptics in Davos – Ramaphosa". Fin24. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
68. ^ "Deputy President Ramaphosa On Working Visit to Vietnam and Singapore". Department of International Relations and Cooperation. 10 October 2016. Archived 7 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
69. ^ "Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa lauds visit to Singapore" . The Presidency. 9 October 2016. Archived 25 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
70. ^ "Ramaphosa in Vietnam to boost trade ties". eNCA. 5 October 2016. Archived 22 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
71. ^ Fabricius, Peter (4 June 2015). "Ramaphosa navigates a minefield in South Sudan". ISS Africa. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
72. ^ "Electoral Mediation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho and Kenya". ACCORD. 16 February 2017. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
73. ^ "NUM officially backs Cyril Ramaphosa to succeed Zuma as ANC president". The Mail & Guardian. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
74. ^ Munusamy, Ranjeni (23 April 2017). "#CR2017, We Have Liftoff: Ramaphosa takes aim at Zuma, state capture". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
75. ^ "Ramaphosa finally throws hat into the ring, slams Zuptas and ANC vote-buying". BizNews. 24 April 2017. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
76. ^ "Ramaphosa 'launches' campaign with attack on Zuma, Guptas". Polity. 24 April 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
77. ^ Whittles, Govan (1 September 2017). "ANC presidential race wide open". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
78. ^ de Villiers, James; Mathebula, Austil (4 November 2017). "The ANC will remove liars, thieves, at its elective conference in December – Ramaphosa". News24. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
79. ^ "No going back for presidential hopeful Ramaphosa". News24. 6 August 2017. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
80. ^ "ANC presidential race wide open". The Mail & Guardian. 1 September 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
81. ^ "Motshekga jumps off ANCWL's NDZ bandwagon, picks Ramaphosa". The Citizen. 3 December 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
82. ^ Cotterill, Joseph (10 October 2017). "ANC looks to 'compromise' candidate to end toxic power struggle". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
83. ^ "Another endorsement for Ramaphosa as West Rand ANC backs him for president". Citizen. 17 June 2017. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
84. ^ Burke, Jason (18 December 2017). "Cyril Ramaphosa chosen to lead South Africa's ruling ANC party". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
85. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa wins ANC presidential race". Sunday Times. 18 December 2017. Archived from the original on 19 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
86. ^ "Ramaphosa pledges corruption crackdown in first speech as ANC leader". The Guardian. Johannesburg. Reuters. 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
87. ^ Omarjee, Hajra; Mkentane, Luyolo; Bates, Erin; Maeko, Thando (31 July 2022). "Emboldened Ramaphosa hails 'unstoppable ANC renewal'". Business Day. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
88. ^ Tandwa, Lizeka (8 January 2022). "Ramaphosa warns ANC members to get with party renewal programme or get out". The Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
89. ^ Kotze, Dirk (6 August 2022). "Ramaphosa's 'reformist renewal plan'". Independent Online. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
90. ^ "Even if letter is legit, Magashule has no power to suspend Ramaphosa, says Gwede Mantashe". Sunday Times. 5 May 2021. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
91. ^ "Ramaphosa re-elected as ANC leader following 'farmgate' scandal". The Guardian. 19 December 2022. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
92. ^ "2024 ELECTIONS: eNCA Project ANC Will Take 45% Of National Vote". eNCA. 30 May 2024. Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
93. ^ a b Chothia, Farouk; Kupemba, Danai Kesta; Plett-Usher, Barbra (14 June 2024). "ANC and DA agree on South Africa unity government". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
94. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa has been elected president of South Africa". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
95. ^ "WATCH: President Ramaphosa takes oath of office". www.enca.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
96. ^ "The oath is sealed: Ramaphosa is officially President". Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
97. ^ "South Africa's Cyril Ramaphosa takes oath of office". GulfNews. 15 February 2018. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
98. ^ "Rand rallies over 4% as Ramaphosa takes ANC top job in close contest". Fin24. 18 December 2017. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
99. ^ Khanyile, Neo (19 December 2017). "Stocks rally as Ramaphosa seen as watershed". Moneyweb. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
100. ^ Burke, Jason (16 February 2018). "South Africa: Ramaphosa invokes Mandela in first major speech". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
101. ^ Merten, Marianne (17 February 2017). "SONA 2018: President Ramaphosa promises to turn the tide of corruption". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
102. ^ Herman, Paul (16 February 2018). "Ramaphosa promises corruption crackdown at maiden SONA". News24. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
103. ^ Gous, Nico (18 February 2018). "Armed Forces Day commemoration will have special meaning this year: Ramaphosa". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
104. ^ Crabtee, Justina (27 February 2018). "Ramaphosa cabinet reshuffle sees investor favorites return to run South Africa's economy". CNBC. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
105. ^ "Ramaphosa's Cabinet reshuffle leaves some happy, others not, as it happened". News24. 26 February 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
106. ^ Booker, Brakkton (11 May 2019). "South Africa's President Ramaphosa, ANC Hold On To Power In National Elections". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
107. ^ "National Assembly 2019". Elections.org.za. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
108. ^ "#6thParliament: Ramaphosa elected as president". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
109. ^ "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 – Chapter 5: The President and National Executive". South African Government. Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
110. ^ "South Africa links 12 suspected instigators to riots". YouTube. 21 July 2021. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
111. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa re-elected South African president after ANC, DA reach deal". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
112. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa vows 'new era' for South Africa at presidential inauguration". www.bbc.com. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
113. ^ Da Silva, Chantal (1 March 2018). "Thousands Sign Petition Asking Trump To Let White Farmers in South Africa Migrate to U.S. After Country Votes To Force Them Off Land". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
114. ^ "South Africa farm seizure: Terrified white farmers plot escape as crackdown looms – World – News – Express.co.uk". www.express.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
115. ^ Marrian, Natasha (19 March 2018). "SARS boss Moyane refuses to step down despite Ramaphosa's request". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
116. ^ Marrian, Natasha (19 March 2018). "SARS boss Tom Moyane suspended". BusinessLIVE. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
117. ^ Morton, Victor (20 August 2018). "South Africa begins seizing white-owned farms". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
118. ^ Withers, Paul (21 August 2018). "South Africa farm seizures 'could become next ZIMBABWE', warns expert". Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
119. ^ Mahlase, Mahlatse (14 August 2018). "Silas Ramaite appointed as acting NPA head". News24. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
120. ^ "What is behind South Africa's xenophobic attacks". 13 September 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
121. ^ Zwane, Thuletho. "Ramaphosa lifts generation threshold for companies without a license to 100MW". Citypress. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
122. ^ Merten, Marianne (10 June 2021). "POWER BOOST: Increase to 100MW embedded generation threshold will give 'oomph' to South African economy, says Ramaphosa". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
123. ^ "S.Africa's Ramaphosa says government to formalise cannabis industry". Reuters. 11 February 2022. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
124. ^ Head, Tom (27 March 2018). "Cyril Ramaphosa outlines how the Youth Employment Service will solve jobs crisis". The South African. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
125. ^ Khoza, Amanda (27 March 2018). "Ramaphosa launches YES initiative to address youth unemployment". Fin24. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
126. ^ "President Cyril Ramaphosa launches safe sanitation for schools". South African Government. 14 August 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
127. ^ Sobuwa, Yoliswa (14 August 2018). "Ramaphosa launches campaign to make school toilets safer". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
128. ^ "Ramaphosa on first official visit to Angola on Friday". SABC NEWS. 1 March 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
129. ^ Du Plessis, Carien (21 March 2018). "Diplomatic relations between SA, Rwanda to return to normal". EWN. Kigali. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
130. ^ "President Ramaphosa to lead South Africa's hosting of the 10th BRICS Summit". The Presidency. 25 July 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
131. ^ "South Africans protest over Palestinian deaths". France24. Cape Town, South Africa. 11 May 2021. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021.
132. ^ "History may explain South Africa's refusal to condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine". The Conservation. 11 March 2022. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
133. ^ "Russia's reengagement with Africa pays off". DW. 2022. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
134. ^ "S Africa's Ramaphosa: NATO to blame for Russia's war in Ukraine". Al-Jazeera. 18 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
135. ^ "America accuses South Africa of sending arms to Russia". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
136. ^ "African leaders to present peace plan to Putin and Zelenskyy – DW – 05/16/2023". dw.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
137. ^ Giles, Chris; Coughlan, Sean (23 November 2022). "King hails Mandela friendship on South Africa state visit". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
138. ^ "Court Circular: November 22, 2022". Court Circular. The Times. 23 November 2022. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
139. ^ "African Nations Plan Russia-Ukraine Peace Mission, Ramaphosa Says". Bloomberg. 16 May 2023.
140. ^ "African Leaders Head to Ukraine, Russia on Peace Mission". VOA News. 14 June 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
141. ^ "Latest in Ukraine: Putin, Zelenskyy Reject African Peace Initiative". VOA News. 18 June 2023. Archived from the original on 18 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
142. ^ Connolly, Nick (18 June 2023). "African delegation in Eastern Europe: More than a photo op?". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
143. ^ "Putin quietly signals he is open to a cease-fire in Ukraine". The Seattle Times. 23 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
144. ^ "South Africa's Ramaphosa tells Vladimir Putin to stop war in Ukraine as African delegation arrives in Moscow to plead for peace". Sky News. 18 June 2023. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
145. ^ "Putin rebuts key elements of African peace plan for Ukraine". Reuters. 18 June 2023. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
146. ^ "What Africa and Russia Have to Gain From Summit". VOA News. 26 July 2023. Archived from the original on 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
147. ^ "Africa-Russia relations can 'move forward', says South African President Ramaphosa in meeting with Putin". Sky News. 29 July 2023. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
148. ^ "South Africa's president raises food security concerns in Russia-Africa summit". Africanews. 29 July 2023. Archived from the original on 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
149. ^ "Ramaphosa urges leaders to 'stand on side of peace' in Gaza conflict". TRT Afrika. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
150. ^ a b "Analysts Scrutinize Ramaphosa Comparing Gaza Conflict to South Africa's Apartheid". VOA News. 29 October 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
151. ^ Ramaphosa, Cyril. "Peace will not be possible until Palestinians are free". The Presidency of the Republic of South Africa. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
152. ^ "Which countries have criticised Israeli attacks on Gaza?". Al Jazeera. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
153. ^ "South African presidency sparks controversy with misidentification of RSF leader". Sudan Tribune. 5 January 2024. Archived from the original on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
154. ^ "Sudan paramilitary leader says he's committed to cease-fire, but no progress on proposed peace talks". Washington Post. 5 January 2024. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
155. ^ "President Ramaphosa meets with RSF leader on developments towards peace in Sudan". www.thepresidency.gov.za. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
156. ^ "Sudan paramilitary chief bids for legitimacy in Africa tour: analysts". France 24. 6 January 2024. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
157. ^ "South Africa sees Russia as a valued ally, Ramaphosa tells Putin". Reuters. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
158. ^ "Putin warns of Middle East conflagration and debates Ukraine at BRICS". Reuters. 24 October 2024.
159. ^ TANDWA, LIZEKA (29 January 2025). "Ramaphosa tells Rwanda 'firing at SA troops is a declaration of war'". Sunday Times. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
160. ^ Ncobo, Khanyisile (30 January 2025). "South Africa and Rwanda go head-to-head over DR Congo War". BBC. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
161. ^ Renè (19 May 2025). "President Ramaphosa arrives in the United States of America for his Working Visit". DIRCO. Retrieved 22 May 2025.
162. ^ "Trump-Ramaphosa meeting: US president confronts South African leader". www.bbc.com. 22 May 2025. Retrieved 22 May 2025.
163. ^ Princewill, Nimi (21 May 2025). "South Africa's Ramaphosa visits Trump amid fears he could face Zelensky-style onslaught in White House". CNN. Retrieved 22 May 2025.
164. ^ Yogashen Pillay (28 May 2025). "Trump's attendance at the G20 Summit: A boost for South Africa's international relations". IOL. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
165. ^ "South Africa's ruthlessly efficient fight against coronavirus". BBC. 3 April 2020. Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
166. ^ "South Africa's Ramaphosa Begins Covid-19 Self-Quarantine". Bloomberg.com. 28 October 2020. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
167. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa tests positive for Covid-19 and is isolating in Cape Town". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
168. ^ "SA leader gives half his pay to charity". BBC News. 24 May 2018. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
169. ^ "South Africa's ANC to discuss mine shootings row". BBC News. 27 August 2012. Archived from the original on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
170. ^ Laing, Aislinn (27 August 2012). "Striking South African miners 'were shot in the back'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
171. ^ "The murder fields of Marikana. The cold murder fields of Marikana". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
172. ^ "South African police open fire as striking miners charge, killing and wounding workers". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 16 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
173. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa: The true betrayal". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
174. ^ "iafrica.com 'Ramaphosa must say sorry'". iAfrica.com. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
175. ^ "MARIKANA COMMISSION INQUIRY REPORT" (PDF). The Marikana Commission of Inquiry. October 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2016.
176. ^ "Marikana report: Key findings and recommendations". Daily Maverick. 25 June 2015. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
177. ^ Smith, David (24 October 2012). "Lonmin emails paint ANC elder as a born-again robber baron". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
178. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa: The true betrayal". Daily Maverick. 26 October 2012. Archived from the original on 4 November 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
179. ^ "Article alleging Ramaphosa extramarital affairs published". News24. 3 September 2017. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
180. ^ Simelane, Nomonde (5 February 2025). "Pop culture 101: Knowing the history behind the president's 'Cupcake' nickname". Bona Magazine. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
181. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa: South African deputy president admits affair". 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
182. ^ Ramaphosa to launch an urgent judicial review of Mkhwebane's findings Archived 21 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.
183. ^ Ramaphosa to brief the nation on Public Protector's Bosasa report Archived 21 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.
184. ^ Ramaphosa in desperate fight to defend his presidency Archived 21 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.
185. ^ DA wants committee to examine PP's Ramaphosa findings Archived 21 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.
186. ^ Cyril Ramaphosa must be impeached, says Mosiuoa Lekota Archived 21 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.
187. ^ "R2K protest for investigation into MTN and Ramaphosa corruption allegations". Right2Know Campaign. 12 October 2015. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
188. ^ McKune, Craig; Turner, George; McKune, Craig; Turner, George. "Ramaphosa and MTN's offshore stash". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
189. ^ "Ramaphosa sells business stakes, creates billion-dollar black-owned company". BizNews.com. 26 May 2015. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
190. ^ Mawson, Nicola. "Ramaphosa steps down as MTN chairman". ITWeb Technology News. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
191. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa's conflict of interest – Corruption Watch". Corruption Watch. 14 January 2013. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
192. ^ "Glencore, Ramaphosa eye 50/50 mining JVs in SA". Moneyweb. 11 October 2011. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
193. ^ "Presidency, Glencore slam Ramaphosa Eskom claims". Fin24. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
194. ^ "Did Ramaphosa benefit from Eskom coal deals?". Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
195. ^ "Bosasa paid me R2m, says Andile Ramaphosa". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
196. ^ "The Ramaphosas' Bosasa money: Same script, different cast". News24. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
197. ^ "AmaBhungane | Ramaphosa's stolen millions: The Namibian connection". news24.com. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
198. ^ "Phala Phala Scandal: Outrage after NPA hands Ramaphosa a get-out-of-jail free card".
199. ^ "NPA's Phala Phala decision: A reflection of unequal accountability, perpetuates the notion that some are more equal than others".
200. ^ "Black South African Union Leader Receives Palme Prize". AP News. 24 October 1987. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
201. ^ "Golden Doves for Peace". www.archiviodisarmo.it. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
202. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
203. ^ "2009 Summit Highlights Photo". Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021. "Archbishop Desmond Tutu presents Cyril Ramaphosa, Executive Chairman of Shanduka Group, with the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement at the 2009 International Achievement Summit in Cape Town, South Africa."
204. ^ "The 10 Greatest South Africans of all time". BizCommunity. 27 September 2004. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
205. ^ Holbrooke, Richard C. (3 May 2007). "Cyril Ramaphosa – The 2007 Time 100". Time. Archived from the original on 5 May 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2007.
206. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa: The 100 Most Influential People of 2019". Time. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
207. ^ "NUI Galway honours seven outstanding individuals with Honorary Degrees". www.nuigalway.ie. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
208. ^ "UMass/South African Story". www.umassp.edu. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
209. ^ "COMMENCEMENT 2008: Commencement Speaker and Honorary Degree Recipients". University of Pennsylvania Almanac. 19 February 2008. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
210. ^ Chafai, Mohamed (7 December 2024). "President Tebboune awards his South African counterpart Athir Medal of Order of National Merit". Algeria Press Service. Archived from the original on 8 December 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
211. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa awarded Grand Croix de la l'Orde National du Merite by President of Guinea". 4 November 2019. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
212. ^ "Twitter". Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
213. ^ "South African President visits Senegal". thediplomaticinsight.com. 8 December 2021. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
214. ^ "Cyril Ramaphosa rejects state house". The Citizen. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
215. ^ Head, Tom (16 February 2018). "Six things you didn't know about Tshepo Motsepe: SA's new First Lady". The South African. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
216. ^ "Women go wild for Ramaphosa son". IOL. 25 February 2018. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
217. ^ Maune, Bernice (3 September 2017). "I support and love him, says Ramaphosa's wife following cheating scandal". The Citizen. Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
218. ^ Huisman, Bienne (12 July 2015). "Cyril Ramaphosa's R30m posh plot". City Press. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
219. ^ Capazorio, Bianca (22 February 2017). "Ramaphosa declares ownership of 31 properties". Business Day. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
220. ^ "Here are 24 of the richest people in South Africa". BusinessTech. 3 July 2019. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
221. ^ Karrim, Azarrah (24 September 2019). "'There is no language that is superior to another' – Ramaphosa celebrates Heritage Day with a focus on African languages". News24. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Butler, Anthony (2011). Cyril Ramaphosa. Johannesburg: Jacana. p. 1\. ISBN 9781431401840.
* Lodge, Tom (2006). Mandela : a critical life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 211\. ISBN 978-0-19-151723-5. OCLC 99996633.
* Black Economic Empowerment Commission (2001). A National Integrated Black Economic Empowerment Strategy (PDF). Johannesburg: Skotaville Press. ISBN 9781919882024.
* Ray, Hartley (2019). Der Weg zur Macht in Südafrika. Tessa Publishing. ISBN 978-3-947925-04-9
* Ray, Hartley (2018). Ramaphosa: Path to Power. South Africa: Jonathan Ball Publishers. ISBN 9781868429165

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyril Ramaphosa.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Cyril Ramaphosa.

* Appearances on C-SPAN
* Cyril Ramaphosa (1952 – ) | The Presidency Archived 16 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine

Political offices

Preceded by

Kgalema Motlanthe

|  Deputy President of South Africa
2014–2018  | Succeeded by

David Mabuza

Preceded by

Trevor Manuel

|  Chair of the National Planning Commission
2014–2018  | Succeeded by

Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma

Preceded by

Jacob Zuma

|  President of South Africa
2018–present  | Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by

Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo

|  Secretary General of the African National Congress
1991–1997  | Succeeded by

Kgalema Motlanthe

Preceded by

Kgalema Motlanthe

|  Deputy President of the African National Congress
2012–2017  | Succeeded by

David Mabuza

Preceded by

Jacob Zuma

|  President of the African National Congress
2017–present  | Incumbent
Trade union offices
New office |  General Secretary of the National Union of Mineworkers
1982–1991  | Succeeded by

Kgalema Motlanthe

* v
* t
* e

Heads of state of South Africa

Monarch (1910–1961)|

* George V
* Edward VIII
* George VI
* Elizabeth II

State President (1961–1994)
(under Apartheid)|

* Charles Robberts Swart
* Eben Dönges†
* Tom Naudé*
* Jim Fouché
* Jan de Klerk*
* Nico Diederichs†
* Marais Viljoen*
* John Vorster
* Marais Viljoen
* P. W. Botha
* Chris Heunis*
* F. W. de Klerk

President (from 1994)
(post-Apartheid)|

* Nelson Mandela (1994–1999)
* Thabo Mbeki (1999–2008)
* Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri*
* Kgalema Motlanthe (2008–2009)
* Jacob Zuma (2009–2018)
* Cyril Ramaphosa (2018–present)

†Died in office *Acting president

* v
* t
* e

African National Congress

| Leaders|

| Presidents|

* John Langalibalele Dube (1912–1917)
* Sefako Makgatho (1917–1924)
* Zacharias Richard Mahabane (1924–1927)
* Josiah Tshangana Gumede (1927–1930)
* Pixley ka Isaka Seme (1930–1936)
* Zacharias Richard Mahabane (1937–1940)
* Alfred Bitini Xuma (1940–1949)
* James Moroka (1949–1952)
* Albert Luthuli (1952–1967)
* Oliver Tambo (1967–1991)
* Nelson Mandela (1991–1997)
* Thabo Mbeki (1997–2007)
* Jacob Zuma (2007–2017)
* Cyril Ramaphosa (2017–present)

|

Deputy Presidents|

* Walter Rubusana (1912–1936)
* Nelson Mandela (1952–1958)
* Oliver Tambo (1958–1985)
* Nelson Mandela (1985–1991)
* Walter Sisulu (1991–1994)
* Thabo Mbeki (1994–1997)
* Jacob Zuma (1997–2007)
* Kgalema Motlanthe (2007–2012)
* Cyril Ramaphosa (2012–2017)
* David Mabuza (2017–2022)
* Paul Mashatile (2022–present)

Secretary-General|

* Sol Plaatje (1912–1915)
* Selope Thema (1915–1917)
* Saul Msane (1917–1919)
* Horatio L. Bud-M'belle (1919–1923)
* TD Mweli Skota (1923–1927)
* E. J. Khaile (1927–1930)
* Elijah Mdolomba (1930–1936)
* James Calata (1936–1949)
* Walter Sisulu (1949–1955)
* Oliver Tambo (1955–1958)
* Duma Nokwe (1958–1969)
* Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo (1969–1991)
* Cyril Ramaphosa (1991–1997)
* Kgalema Motlanthe (1997–2007)
* Gwede Mantashe (2007–2017)
* Ace Magashule (2017–2022)
* Fikile Mbalula (2022–present)

National Conferences|

* Morogoro (1969)
* 48th (1991)
* 49th (1994)
* 50th (1997)
* 51st (2002)
* 52nd (2007)
* 53rd (2012)
* 54th (2017)
* 55th (2022)

Structure and wings|

* National Working Committee
* National Executive Committee
* Provincial Executive Committees
* ANC Women's League
* ANC Youth League
* ANC Veterans' League
* Luthuli House
* ANC Today

History|

* Defiance Campaign
* Congress of the People
* Freedom Charter
* Rivonia Trial
* Little Rivonia Trial
* uMkhonto we Sizwe
* Radio Freedom
* Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College
* Operation Vula
* Bisho massacre
* Shell House massacre

Allied organisations|

* Congress of South African Trade Unions
* South African Communist Party

Category

* v
* t
* e

Prime ministers, vice state presidents, and deputy presidents of South Africa

Prime ministers|

* Louis Botha
* Jan Smuts
* James Barry Munnik Hertzog
* Jan Smuts
* Daniel François Malan
* Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom
* Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd
* Balthazar Johannes Vorster
* Pieter Willem Botha

Vice state presidents|

* Alwyn Schlebusch

Deputy presidents|

* F. W. de Klerk/Thabo Mbeki
* Thabo Mbeki
* Jacob Zuma
* Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
* Baleka Mbete
* Kgalema Motlanthe
* Cyril Ramaphosa
* David Mabuza
* Paul Mashatile

* v
* t
* e

Current heads of state of republics

Africa|

* Algeria: Abdelmadjid Tebboune
* Angola: João Lourenço
* Benin: Patrice Talon
* Botswana: Duma Boko
* Burkina Faso: Ibrahim Traoré*
* Burundi: Évariste Ndayishimiye
* Cameroon: Paul Biya
* Cape Verde: José Maria Neves
* Central African Republic: Faustin-Archange Touadéra
* Chad: Mahamat Déby
* Comoros: Azali Assoumani
* Democratic Republic of the Congo: Félix Tshisekedi
* Republic of the Congo: Denis Sassou Nguesso
* Djibouti: Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
* Egypt: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
* Equatorial Guinea: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
* Eritrea: Isaias Afwerki
* Ethiopia: Taye Atske Selassie
* Gabon: Brice Oligui Nguema
* Gambia: Adama Barrow
* Ghana: John Mahama
* Guinea: Mamady Doumbouya*
* Guinea-Bissau: Umaro Sissoco Embaló
* Ivory Coast: Alassane Ouattara
* Kenya: William Ruto
* Liberia: Joseph Boakai
* Libya: Mohamed al-Menfi*
* Madagascar: Andry Rajoelina
* Malawi: Lazarus Chakwera
* Mali: Assimi Goïta*
* Mauritania: Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
* Mauritius: Dharam Gokhool
* Mozambique: Daniel Chapo
* Namibia: Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah
* Niger: Abdourahamane Tchiani*
* Nigeria: Bola Tinubu
* Rwanda: Paul Kagame
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: Brahim Ghali
* São Tomé and Príncipe: Carlos Vila Nova
* Senegal: Bassirou Diomaye Faye
* Seychelles: Wavel Ramkalawan
* Sierra Leone: Julius Maada Bio
* Somalia: Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
* Somaliland: Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi
* South Africa: Cyril Ramaphosa
* Sudan: Transitional Sovereignty Council*
* South Sudan: Salva Kiir Mayardit
* Tanzania: Samia Suluhu Hassan
* Togo: Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové
* Tunisia: Kais Saied
* Uganda: Yoweri Museveni
* Zambia: Hakainde Hichilema
* Zimbabwe: Emmerson Mnangagwa

Asia|

* Abkhazia: Badra Gunba*
* Armenia: Vahagn Khachaturyan
* Azerbaijan: Ilham Aliyev
* Bangladesh: Mohammed Shahabuddin
* China: Xi Jinping
* Georgia: Salome Zourabichvili
* India: Droupadi Murmu
* Indonesia: Prabowo Subianto
* Iran: Ali Khamenei
* Iraq: Abdul Latif Rashid
* Israel: Isaac Herzog
* Kazakhstan: Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
* North Korea: Kim Jong Un
* South Korea: Lee Jae-myung
* Kyrgyzstan: Sadyr Japarov
* Laos: Thongloun Sisoulith
* Lebanon: Joseph Aoun
* Maldives: Mohamed Muizzu
* Mongolia: Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
* Myanmar: Min Aung Hlaing*
* Nepal: Ram Chandra Poudel
* Pakistan: Asif Ali Zardari
* Palestine: Mahmoud Abbas
* Philippines: Bongbong Marcos
* Singapore: Tharman Shanmugaratnam
* South Ossetia: Alan Gagloev
* Sri Lanka: Anura Kumara Dissanayake
* Syria: Ahmed al-Sharaa
* Taiwan: Lai Ching-te
* Tajikistan: Emomali Rahmon
* Timor-Leste: José Ramos-Horta
* Turkmenistan: Serdar Berdimuhamedow
* Uzbekistan: Shavkat Mirziyoyev
* Vietnam: Lương Cường
* Yemen: Rashad al-Alimi*

Europe|

* Albania: Bajram Begaj
* Austria: Alexander Van der Bellen
* Belarus: Alexander Lukashenko
* Bosnia and Herzegovina: Denis Bećirović, Željka Cvijanović, Željko Komšić
* Bulgaria: Rumen Radev
* Croatia: Zoran Milanović
* Cyprus: Nikos Christodoulides
* Czech Republic: Petr Pavel
* Estonia: Alar Karis
* Finland: Alexander Stubb
* France: Emmanuel Macron
* Germany: Frank-Walter Steinmeier
* Greece: Konstantinos Tasoulas
* Hungary: Tamás Sulyok
* Iceland: Halla Tómasdóttir
* Ireland: Michael D. Higgins
* Italy: Sergio Mattarella
* Kosovo: Vjosa Osmani
* Latvia: Edgars Rinkēvičs
* Lithuania: Gitanas Nausėda
* Malta: Myriam Spiteri Debono
* Moldova: Maia Sandu
* Montenegro: Jakov Milatović
* North Macedonia: Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova
* Northern Cyprus: Ersin Tatar
* Poland: Andrzej Duda
* Portugal: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
* Romania: Nicușor Dan
* Russia: Vladimir Putin
* San Marino: Denise Bronzetti, Italo Righi
* Serbia: Aleksandar Vučić
* Slovakia: Peter Pellegrini
* Slovenia: Nataša Pirc Musar
* Switzerland: Guy Parmelin, Karin Keller-Sutter, Ignazio Cassis, Albert Rösti, Élisabeth Baume-Schneider, Beat Jans, Martin Pfister
* Transnistria: Vadim Krasnoselsky
* Turkey: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
* Ukraine: Volodymyr Zelenskyy

North America|

* Barbados: Sandra Mason
* Costa Rica: Rodrigo Chaves Robles
* Cuba: Miguel Díaz-Canel
* Dominica: Sylvanie Burton
* Dominican Republic: Luis Abinader
* El Salvador: Nayib Bukele
* Guatemala: Bernardo Arévalo
* Haiti: Fritz Jean*
* Honduras: Xiomara Castro
* Mexico: Claudia Sheinbaum
* Nicaragua: Daniel Ortega, Rosario Murillo
* Panama: José Raúl Mulino
* Trinidad and Tobago: Christine Kangaloo
* United States: Donald Trump

South America|

* Argentina: Javier Milei
* Bolivia: Luis Arce
* Brazil: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
* Chile: Gabriel Boric
* Colombia: Gustavo Petro
* Ecuador: Daniel Noboa
* Guyana: Irfaan Ali
* Paraguay: Santiago Peña
* Peru: Dina Boluarte
* Suriname: Chan Santokhi
* Uruguay: Yamandú Orsi
* Venezuela: Nicolás Maduro

Oceania|

* Fiji: Naiqama Lalabalavu
* Kiribati: Taneti Maamau
* Marshall Islands: Hilda Heine
* Micronesia: Wesley Simina
* Nauru: David Adeang
* Palau: Surangel Whipps Jr.
* Samoa: Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II
* Vanuatu: Nikenike Vurobaravu

* Asterisks (*) indicate an acting head of state
* Italics indicate a head of state of non-UN member state

* v
* t
* e

BRICS

Membership|

* Brazil
* Russia
* India
* China
* South Africa
* Egypt
* Ethiopia
* Iran
* United Arab Emirates
* Indonesia

Summits|

1. Yekaterinburg 2009
2. Brasília 2010
3. Sanya 2011
4. New Delhi 2012
5. Durban 2013
6. Fortaleza 2014
7. Ufa 2015
8. Goa 2016
9. Xiamen 2017
10. Johannesburg 2018
11. Brasília 2019
12. Saint Petersburg 2020
13. New Delhi 2021
14. Beijing 2022
15. Johannesburg 2023
16. Kazan 2024
17. Rio de Janeiro 2025
18. TBD 2026

Bilateral relations|

* Brazil–China
* Brazil–India
* Brazil–Russia
* Brazil–South Africa
* China–India
* China–Russia
* China–South Africa
* India–Russia
* India–South Africa
* Russia–South Africa

Leaders|

* Lula
* Putin
* Modi
* Xi
* Ramaphosa
* Sisi
* Ahmed
* Pezeshkian
* Al Nahyan
* Prabowo

Sports|

* BRICS U-17 Football Cup
* 2016 Goa
* 2018 Johannesburg
* BRICS Games
* 2024 Kazan
* Athletics
* Badminton
* Gymnastics

Related|

* BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement
* BRICS Cable
* BRICS Universities League
* New Development Bank
* BRICS PAY
* BRIC (economics term)

* v
* t
* e

Heads of state of the G20

*   Lourenço
*  Milei
*  Charles III
*  Lula
*  Charles III
*  Xi
*  Costa
*  Macron
*  Steinmeier
*  Murmu
*  Prabowo
*  Mattarella
*  Naruhito
*  Sheinbaum
*  Putin
*  Salman
*  Ramaphosa
*  Lee
*  Erdoğan
*  Charles III
*  Trump

* v
* t
* e

Leaders of the G20

* Lourenço / Youssouf
* Milei
* Albanese
* Lula
* Carney
* Xi
* Costa / von der Leyen
* Macron
* Merz
* Modi
* Prabowo
* Meloni
* Ishiba
* Sheinbaum
* Putin
* Salman
* Ramaphosa
* Lee
* Erdoğan
* Starmer
* Trump

* v
* t
* e

Commonwealth heads of government

* Head: Charles III
* Secretary-General: Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey
* Chair-in-Office: Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa

* Antigua and Barbuda: Browne
* Australia: Albanese
* Bahamas: Davis
* Bangladesh: Yunus (Acting, as Chief Advisor to the Government)
* Barbados: Mottley
* Belize: Briceño
* Botswana: Boko
* Brunei: Bolkiah
* Cameroon: Biya
* Canada: Carney
* Cyprus: Christodoulides
* Dominica: Skerrit
* Eswatini: Dlamini
* Fiji: Rabuka
* Gabon: Oligui
* The Gambia: Barrow
* Ghana: Mahama
* Grenada: Mitchell
* Guyana: Ali
* India: Modi
* Jamaica: Holness
* Kenya: Ruto
* Kiribati: Maamau
* Lesotho: Matekane
* Malawi: Chakwera
* Malaysia: Anwar
* Maldives: Muizzu
* Malta: Abela
* Mauritius: Ramgoolam
* Mozambique: Chapo
* Namibia: Nandi-Ndaitwah
* Nauru: Adeang
* New Zealand: Luxon
* Nigeria: Tinubu
* Pakistan: Shehbaz
* Papua New Guinea: Marape
* Rwanda: Kagame
* Saint Kitts and Nevis: Drew
* Saint Lucia: Pierre
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Gonsalves
* Samoa: Mataʻafa
* Seychelles: Ramkalawan
* Sierra Leone: Bio
* Singapore: Wong
* Solomon Islands: Manele
* South Africa: Ramaphosa
* Sri Lanka: Dissanayake
* Tanzania: Samia
* Togo: Gnassingbé
* Tonga: Eke
* Trinidad and Tobago: Persad-Bissessar
* Tuvalu: Teo
* Uganda: Museveni
* United Kingdom: Starmer
* Vanuatu: Napat
* Zambia: Hichilema

* v
* t
* e

Chairpersons of the Organisation of African Unity and the African Union

Organisation of
African Unity|

* Selassie
* Nasser
* Nkrumah
* Ankrah
* Selassie
* Mobutu
* Boumédiène
* Ahidjo
* Kaunda
* Daddah
* Hassan II
* Gowon
* Barre
* Amin
* Ramgoolam
* Bongo
* Nimeiry
* Tolbert
* Senghor
* Stevens
* Moi
* Mengistu
* Nyerere
* Diouf
* Nguesso
* Kaunda
* Traoré
* Mubarak
* Museveni
* Babangida
* Diouf
* Mubarak
* Ben Ali
* Meles
* Biya
* Mugabe
* Compaoré
* Bouteflika
* Eyadéma
* Chiluba
* Mwanawasa

African Union|

* Mbeki
* Chissano
* Obasanjo
* Nguesso
* Kufuor
* Kikwete
* Gaddafi
* Mutharika
* Obiang
* Boni
* Hailemariam
* Abdel Aziz
* Mugabe
* Déby
* Condé
* Kagame
* Sisi
* Ramaphosa
* Tshisekedi
* Sall
* Assoumani
* Ghazouani
* Lourenço

* v
* t
* e

Olof Palme Prize laureates

* Cyril Ramaphosa (1987)
* UN Peace Keeping Operation (1988)
* Václav Havel (1989)
* Harlem Désir, SOS Racisme (1990)
* Amnesty International (1991)
* Arzu Abdullayeva, Anahit Bayandour (1992)
* Students for Sarajevo (1993)
* Wei Jingsheng (1994)
* Fatah Youth, Israeli Labor Young Leadership, Peace Now (1995)
* Casa Alianza, Bruce C. Harris (1996)
* Salima Ghezali (1997)
* Veran Matić, Senad Pećanin, Viktor Ivančić (1998)
* Kurdo Baksi, Björn Fries, Klippan Parent Group (1999)
* Bryan Stevenson (2000)
* Fazle Hasan Abed (2001)
* Hanan Ashrawi (2002)
* Hans Blix (2003)
* Lyudmila Alexeyeva, Sergei Kovalev, Anna Politkovskaya (2004)
* Aung San Suu Kyi (2005)
* Kofi Annan, Mossaad Mohamed Ali (2006)
* Parvin Ardalan (2007)
* Denis Mukwege (2008)
* Carsten Jensen (2009)
* Eyad al-Sarraj (2010)
* Lydia Cacho, Roberto Saviano (2011)
* Radhia Nasraoui, Waleed Sami Abulkhair (2012)
* Rosa Taikon (2013)
* Xu Youyu (2014)
* Gideon Levy, Mitri Raheb (2015)
* Spyridon Galinos, Giusi Nicolini (2016)
* Hédi Fried, Emerich Roth (2017)
* Daniel Ellsberg (2018)
* John le Carré (2019)
* Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation (2020)
* Patricia Gualinga (2022)
* Marta Chumalo, Eren Keskin, Narges Mohammadi (2023)
* Bellingcat (2024)
* Utøya (2025)

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Czech Republic
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Sweden
* Poland
* Israel

People|

* Deutsche Biographie
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef

*[m.]: married
*[div.]: divorced
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template