Cyrillization of Korean

Korean writing systems
Hangul

* Chosŏn'gŭl (in North Korea)
* New Korean Orthography

Hanja

* Gukja (Yakja)
* Gugyeol
* Idu (Hyangchal)

Mixed script
Braille
Transcription

* McCune–Reischauer
* Romanization of Korean (North)
* Revised Romanization (South)
* Bok Moon Kim romanization [ko]
* Kontsevich (Cyrillic)
* Kholodovich system [ru] (Cyrillic)

Transliteration

* Yale (scholar)
* ISO/TR 11941 (Unicode & ISO)

* v
* t
* e

The Cyrillization of Korean is the transcribing and transliterating the Korean language into the Cyrillic alphabet. The main cyrillization system in use is the Kontsevich system (Russian: Систе́ма Конце́вича, romanized: Sistema Kontsevicha, IPA: [sʲɪˈsʲtʲemə kɐnˈt͡sɛvʲɪt͡ɕə]). The Kontsevich system was created by the Soviet-Russian scholar Lev Kontsevich (Russian: Лев Конце́вич, IPA: [kɐnˈtsɛvʲɪtɕ]) in the 1950s based on the earlier transliteration system designed by Aleksandr Kholodovich [ru] (Russian: Алекса́ндр Холодо́вич, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr xəlɐˈdovʲɪtɕ]). As a consequence of the Cold War, a Latin-script variant of the Kontsevich system is used in the states of the former Warsaw Pact (for example, in Polish and Czech), while Serbian and Macedonian follow a Cyrillization system based on McCune–Reischauer romanization owing to the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia being a non-aligned state outside the Soviet bloc.

## Features

[edit]

Cyrillization systems for Korean were developed domestically in both North Korea (where it has been proposed to replace the current script in the past) and South Korea; Kontsevich carried out work on the systemization of these rules. In contrast with some systems of Romanization of Korean, the transcription is based primarily on the pronunciation of a word, rather than on its spelling.

## Consonants

[edit]

### Initial

[edit]

Hangul | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ | ㄲ | ㄸ | ㅃ | ㅆ | ㅉ | ㅇ

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Cyrillic | к | н | т | р | м | п | с | ч | чх | кх | тх | пх | х | кк | тт | пп | сс | чч | –
McCune–Reischauer | k | n | t | r | m | p | s | ch | ch' | k' | t' | p' | h | kk | tt | pp | ss | tch | –
Revised Romanization | g | n | d | r | m | b | s | j | ch | k | t | p | h | kk | tt | pp | ss | jj | –

### Final

[edit]

Hangul | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ | ㄲ | ㄸ | ㅃ | ㅆ | ㅉ | ㅇ

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Cyrillic | к | н | т | ль | м | п | т | т | т | к | т | п | т | к | – | – | т | – | нъ
McCune–Reischauer | k | n | t | l | m | p | t | t | t | k | t | p | t | k | – | – | t | – | ng
Revised Romanization | k | n | t | l | m | p | t | t | t | k | t | p | t | k | – | – | t | – | ng

### Medial consonant rules

[edit]

Some letters are transcribed differently in the middle of a word when following certain other letters.

Next initial

Previous
ending

| ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ | ㅇ

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

к | н | т | р | м | п | с | ч | чх | кх | тх | пх | х | –
ㄱ | к  | кк | нн | кт | нн | нм | кп | кс | кч | кчх | ккх | ктх | кпх | кх | г
ㄴ | н  | нг | нн | нд | лл | нм | нб | нс | ндж | нчх | нкх | нтх | нпх | нх | н
ㄹ | ль  | льг | лл | льтт | лл | льм | льб | льсс | льчч | льчх | лькх | льтх | льпх | рх | р
ㅁ | м  | мг | мн | мд | мн | мм | мб | мс | мдж | мчх | мкх | мтх | мпх | мх | м
ㅂ | п  | пк | мн | пт | мн | мм | пп | пс | пч | пчх | пкх | птх | ппх | пх | б
ㅇ | нъ  | нг | нн | нд | нн | нм | нб | нс | ндж | нчх | нкх | нтх | нпх | нх | нъ

## Vowels

[edit]

Hangul | ㅏ | ㅑ | ㅓ | ㅕ | ㅗ | ㅛ | ㅜ | ㅠ | ㅡ | ㅣ | ㅐ | ㅒ | ㅔ | ㅖ | ㅚ | ㅟ | ㅢ | ㅘ | ㅝ | ㅙ | ㅞ

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Cyrillic | а | я | о | ё | о | ё | у | ю | ы | и | э | йя | е | йе/
-е | ве | ви | ый/
-и | ва | во | вэ | ве
McCune–Reischauer | a | ya | ŏ | yŏ | o | yo | u | yu | ŭ | i | ae | yae | e/
-ë | ye | oe | wi | ŭi | wa | wŏ | wae | we
Revised Romanization | a | ya | eo | yeo | o | yo | u | yu | eu | i | ae | yae | e | ye | oe | wi | ui | wa | wo | wae | we

## Examples

[edit]

English | Hangul (Hanja)  | RR
(RR transliteration in parentheses) | Kontsevich
(Latin transliteration in parentheses)

|
|
|

wall  | 벽 (壁) | byeok
(byeog) | пёк
(pyok)
on the wall  | 벽에 | byeoge
(byeog-e) | пёге
(pyoge)
outside
(uninflected) | 밖 | bak
(bakk) | пак
(pak)
outside  | 밖에 | bakke
(bakk-e) | пакке
(pakke)
kitchen  | 부엌 | bueok
(bueok) | пуок
(puok)
to the kitchen  | 부엌에 | bueoke
(bueok-e) | пуокхе
(puokhe)
Wikipedia  | 위키백과 | wikibaekgwa
(wikibaeggwa) | викхибэкква
(vikhibèkkva)
Hangul | 한글 | hangeul or han-geul
(han-geul) | хангыль
(hangyl')
Hanja | 한자 (漢字) | hanja
(han-ja) | ханчча
(hanchcha)
character, letter | 글자 (㐎字) | geulja
(geul-ja) | кыльчча
(kyl'chcha)
easy  | 쉬운 | swiun
(swiun) | свиун
(sviun)
Four seasons are distinct.  | 사계절(四季節)이 뚜렷하다. | Sagyejeori tturyeotada.
(Sa-gye-jeol-i ttu-lyeos-ha-da.) | Сагеджори ттурётхада.
(Sagedzhori tturyothada)
Just check the line color and width you want.  | 원(願)하시는 선(線) 색(色)깔과 굵기에 체크하시면 됩니다. | Wonhasineun seon saekkkalgwa gulgie chekeuhasimyeon doemnida.
(Won-ha-si-neun seon saeg-kkal-gwa gulg-gi-e che-keu-ha-si-myeon doeb-ni-da.) | Вонхасинын сон сэкккальгва кульккие чхекхыхасимён твемнида.
(Vonhasinyn son sèkkal'gva kul'kkie chhekhyhasimyon tvemnida.)
Republic of Korea | 대한민국
(大韓民國) | Daehan Minguk
(Dae-han Min-gug)
| Тэхан Мингук
(Dèkhan Minguk)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 조선민주주의인민공화국
(朝鮮民主主義人民共和國) | Joseon Minjujuui Inmin Gonghwaguk
(Jo-seon Min-ju-ju-ui In-min Gong-hwa-gug)
| Чосон Минджуджуый Инмин Конхвагук
(Choson Mindzhudzhuyy Inmin Konhvaguk)

## See also

[edit]

* Romaja
* New Korean Orthography
* Hangul

## Notes

[edit]

Korean personal names are written by family name first, followed by a space and then the given name. As a rule, syllables in given names are not separated.

## External links

[edit]

* (in Russian) Degrees of Courtesy and Communication Styles in the Korean Language, by K. B. Kurotchenko.
* (in Russian) Entry for Lev Kontsevich on the Institute of Oriental Studies.
* (in Russian) Russian and Latin Transcription of Korean Words, by Lev Kontsevich.

* v
* t
* e

Cyrillic script

Italics indicate that the language no longer uses Cyrillic

Cyrillic alphabets|

* Early
* Abkhaz
* Aleut
* Azerbaijani
* Bashkir
* Belarusian
* Bosnian
* Bulgarian
* Crimean Tatar
* Dargwa
* Even
* Evenki
* Gagauz
* Kazakh
* Khakas
* Kildin Sámi
* Komi
* Kyrgyz
* Lezgin
* Macedonian
* Mansi
* Mongolian
* Montenegrin
* Mordvinic
* Nivkh
* Nogai
* Polish
* Romanian
* transitional
* Moldovan
* Russian
* Serbian
* Tat
* Tatar
* Tlingit
* Turkmen
* Udege
* Udmurt
* Ukrainian
* Uyghur
* Uzbek
* Yakut
* Siberian Yupik
* Chaplino dialect
* Naukan Yupik

Cyrillization of|

* Arabic
* Chinese
* French
* German
* Greek
* Japanese
* Korean
* Lithuanian
* Polish

Letters of the Cyrillic script

Primary letters|

* Аа
* Бб
* Вв
* Гг
* Дд
* Ее
* Жж
* Зз
* Ии
* Іі
* Йй
* Кк
* Лл
* Мм
* Нн
* Оо
* Пп
* Рр
* Сс
* Тт
* Уу
* Фф
* Хх
* Цц
* Чч
* Шш
* Щщ
* Ъъ
* Ыы
* Ьь
* Ээ
* Юю
* Яя

Other Slavic letters|

* Ґґ
* Ђђ
* Ѓѓ
* Ёё
* Єє
* З́з́
* Ѕѕ
* Її
* Јј
* Љљ
* Њњ
* С́с́
* Ћћ
* Ќќ
* Ўў
* Џџ

Non-Slavic letters|

* А̊
* А̃
* Ӓ̄
* Ӕ
* Ә
* Ә̃
* Ӛ
* В̌
* Ԝ
* Г̌
* Г̊
* Ҕ
* Ғ
* Ӻ
* Ғ̌
* Ғ̊
* Ӷ/Г̡
* Д́
* Д̌
* Д̆
* Ӗ
* Е̃
* Ё̄
* Є̈
* Ԑ
* Җ
* Ӝ
* Ӂ
* Ҙ
* Ӟ
* З̌
* Ӡ
* И̃
* И̇
* Ҋ
* Қ
* Ӄ
* Ҡ
* Ҟ
* Ҝ
* К̊
* Қ̊
* Ԛ
* Л́
* Ӆ
* Ԯ
* Ԓ
* Ӎ
* ᵸ
* Н́
* Ӊ
* Ԩ
* Ң
* Ӈ
* Ҥ
* О̆
* О̃
* Ө
* Ө̄
* Ө̆
* Ӫ
* Ԥ
* Р̌
* Ҏ
* С̌
* Ҫ
* Т́
* Т̌
* Ҭ
* Ᲊ
* Ӱӱ
* У̃
* Ӳ
* У̊
* Ұ
* Ү
* Ү́
* Х̑
* Х̌
* Ҳ
* Ӽ
* Х̊
* Ӿ
* Ӿ̊
* Һ
* Ԧ
* Ҵ
* Ҷ
* Ҷ̣
* Ӵ
* Ӌ
*   * Ҹ
* Ч̇
* Ч̣
* Ҽ
* Ҿ
* Ы̆
* Ы̄
* Ӹ
* Ҍ
* Ҩ
* Э̆
* Э̄
* Э̇
* Ӭ
* Ӭ́
* Ӭ̄
* Ю̆
* Ю̈
* Ю̄
* Я̆
* Я̄
* Ӏ

Slavic archaic letters|

* Ꙣꙣ
* Ꙉꙉ
* Ꙥꙥ
* Ꙧꙧ
* Ҥҥ
* O variants
* Ꙋꙋ
* Ѡѡ
* Ѿѿ
* Ѣѣ
* Ѣ̈ѣ̈
* Я̈я̈
* Ꙗꙗ
* Ѥѥ
* Ѫѫ
* Ѧѧ
* Ѯѯ
* Ѱѱ
* Ѳѳ
* Ѵѵ
* Ҁҁ

Non-Slavic archaic letters|

* А̨
* Б̣
* Г̧
* Г̄
* Г̆г̆
* Д̨
* Ԁ
* Ԃ
* Ꚁ
*   * Ꚅ
* Ԅ
* Ԇ
* Ꚉ
* Ԫ
* Ꚃ
* Ꚕꚕ
* Ј̵
* К̀
* К̄
* К̂
* Ԟ
*   * Ԡ
* Ԉ
* Ԕ
* Ԋ
* Ԣ
*   * Ҧ
*   * Ԗ
* Ԍ
* Ԏ
* Ꚋ
* Ꚍ
* Х̾
* Ꚏ
* Ꚑ
* Ԭ
* Ꚓ
* Ꚗ
* Ԙ
* Ꙟ

Archaic diacritics|

* palatalization mark (◌҄)
* pokrytie (◌҇)
* titlo (◌҃)

Combinations of Cyrillic letters|

* Digraphs
* Multigraphs

* Glagolitic script
* Cyrillic numerals
* Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template