Czechoslovak State Railways

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Czechoslovak State Railways

Native name

| Československé státní dráhy
Československé štátne dráhy
Industry| Rail transport
Predecessor| Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways
Founded| 1918
Defunct| 1992
Successors| České dráhy
Railways of Slovak Republic
Headquarters|

Prague

Czechoslovakia

ČSD 498.104 "Albatros" - the last steam express passenger locomotive class built for the Czechoslovak State Railways 1930s poster featuring a ČSD Class M 290.0 railcar to advertise ČSD's Slovenská strela (Slovak Arrow) express passenger service

Czechoslovak State Railways (Československé státní dráhy in Czech or Československé štátne dráhy[a] in Slovak, often abbreviated to ČSD) was the state-owned railway company of Czechoslovakia.

The company was founded in 1918 after the end of the First World War and dissolution of Austria-Hungary. It took over the rolling stock and infrastructure of the Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways.[1]

In 1930 Czechoslovakia had 13,600 km (8,500 mi) of railways: the fifth-largest network in Europe. Of these 81% were state (ČSD)-owned, and the trend was to nationalize the remaining private railways. Most of the infrastructure was concentrated in the industrial regions of the Czech lands. 87% of the railroads were single-track. 135,000 people were employed on the railways: about 1% of the population.

When Nazi Germany dissolved Czechoslovakia in 1939, the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia formed the "Bohemian-Moravian Railway" company (in Czech Českomoravské dráhy-ČMD, in German Böhmisch-Mährische Bahn-BMB) under the control of Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR). In the Slovak State, the "Slovak Railways" company (in Slovak Slovenské železnice-SŽ) was formed.

In 1945, ČSD was re-established.

After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992, the company was divided into the state-owned České dráhy (Czech Railways) and Železnice Slovenskej republiky (Railways of the Slovak Republic).[2] The fixed infrastructure was transferred to the successor countries according to location; the remainder was divided by 2:1 ratio.

## Electrification

[edit]

* Electrification of the railways started gradually during the 1920s. In Prague the trains used a direct current system at 1.5 kV.
* To power the line from Prague to Chop (Чоп, Čop, Ukraine State), a direct current system using 3 kV was built after 1945.
* To the north of this line, trains use direct current with voltage 3 kV, to the south they use alternating current with voltage 25 kV at 50 Hz. These two systems continue today.

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Since about 1990, the Česko-slovenské štátne dráhy (Czecho-Slovak State Railways) variant has actually become more common, after the Velvet Revolution in 1989 and since the beginning of the so-called “Hyphen War” – but until then, the first variant, Československé štátne dráhy (Czechoslovak State Railways), was used mostly

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Jakubec, Ivan (1996-09-01). "The Transport Problems of a New State: Czechoslovak Railways and Rivers, 1918–38". The Journal of Transport History. 17 (2): 116–132\. doi:10.1177/002252669601700203. ISSN 0022-5266.
2. ^ "So Close, So Different – Regional Rail Transport in Poland, The Czech Republic and Slovakia". Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies (YARS). 9 (14): 159–179\. 2016. ISSN 1689-9024.

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Czech Republic

Other|

* IdRef