D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation

Organization of 8 developing Muslim-majority Countries

D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation

Members of D-8[1]

Formation| 1996
1997 (1 Summit)
Legal status| Intergovernmental Organization
Headquarters| Istanbul, Turkey

Membership

* Bangladesh
Egypt
Indonesia
Iran
Malaysia
Nigeria
Pakistan
Turkey

Secretary-General

| Ambassador Isiaka Abdulqadir Imam
Website| www.developing8.org

The D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation, also known as Developing-8, is an organisation for development co-operation among the following countries: Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. The objectives of D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation are to improve member states' position in the global economy, diversify and create new opportunities in trade relations, enhance participation in decision-making at international level, and improve standards of living. D-8 is a global arrangement rather than a regional one, as the composition of its members reflects. Organization for Economic Cooperation (D-8) is a forum with no adverse impact on bilateral and multilateral commitments of the member countries, emanating from their membership to other international or regional organizations.[2]

The combined population of the eight countries is about 1.2 billion or 60% of all Muslims, or close to 13% of the world's population and covering an area of 7.6 million square kilometers, 5% of world land area.[3] In 2006, trade between the D-8 member states stood at $35 billion, and it was around $68 billion in 2010.[4] Transactions between the 8 developing countries accounted for 3.3 percent of world trade in 2010.[4] The total nominal GDP of the eight nations was around 4.92 trillion as of 2023.

## History[edit]

The idea of co-operation among major Muslim developing countries was mooted by Prof. Dr. Necmettin Erbakan, the then Prime Minister of Turkey, during a Seminar on "Cooperation in Development" which was held in Istanbul in October 1996.

The group envisioned co-operation among countries stretching from South East Asia to Africa. Representatives from Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria and Pakistan attended the Seminar. This conference was the first step towards the establishment of D-8 and it was only after a series of preparatory meetings that D-8 was set up officially and began its activities with the Istanbul Declaration issued at the end of the summit of Heads of State and Government held in Istanbul on 15 June 1997

## Purposes and objectives[edit]

As stated by the D-8 Facts and Figures Publication: "The objectives of D-8 are to improve developing countries' positions in the world economy, diversify and create new opportunities in trade relations, enhance participation in decision-making at the international level, and provide better standards of living." The main areas of co-operation include finance, banking, rural development, science and technology, humanitarian development, agriculture, energy, environment, and health.[3]

In the first Summit Declaration (Istanbul, 1997), the main objective of D-8 is stated to be socio-economic development in accordance with the following principles:

* Peace instead of conflict.
* Dialogue instead of confrontation.
* Cooperation instead of exploitation.
* Justice instead of double standard.
* Equality instead of discrimination.
* Democracy instead of oppression.

By the same token, D-8 is a forum with no adverse impact on bilateral and multilateral commitments of the member countries, emanating from their membership of other regional or international organizations.

The fifth D-8 Summit Declaration (Bali, 2006) produced the following, as illustration of the application of the group's objectives:

* Commitment to work together to solve the problem of economic disparities within our countries.
* Reaffirm commitment to enhance co-operation in the field of energy to develop alternative and renewable energy resources.
* Emphasize the importance of D-8 in contributing to the economic development of its member countries and ensure that it promotes global trade.[5]

## Structure[edit]

The Summit, which is convened every two years, has the highest level of authority, and is composed of the leaders of each member state.[6]

The Council is the principal decision-making body and forum for consideration of issues relating to the and is composed of the foreign affairs ministers of each member state.

The Commission has executive authority, and is composed of Commissioners appointed by beach member state's government. Commissioners are responsible for promoting compliance with directives in their respective nation. Finally, an executive director is appointed by D-8 members to facilitate communication and to act in a supervisory capacity during each summit or lower-level assembly.

## D-8 Summits[edit]

| Date | Host country | Host leader | Location held

|
|
|
|

1 | June 1997 |  Turkey | Necmettin Erbakan | Istanbul
2 | March 1999 |  Bangladesh | Sheikh Hasina | Dhaka
3 | February 2001 |  Egypt | Hosni Mubarak | Cairo
4 | February 2004 |  Iran | Mohammad Khatami | Tehran
5 | May 2006 |  Indonesia | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | Bali
6 | July 2008 |  Malaysia | Abdullah Ahmad Badawi | Kuala Lumpur
7 | July 2010 |  Nigeria | Muhammadu Buhari | Abuja
8 | November 2012 |  Pakistan | Asif Ali Zardari | Islamabad
9 | October 2017 |  Turkey | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Istanbul
10 | April 2021 |  Bangladesh | Sheikh Hasina | Virtual

## Member countries[edit]

Country  | Population (1July 2023)[7] | Nominal GDP (USD million)[8] | Nominal GDP per capita ($)[8] | PPP GDP (Int$ million)[8] | PPP GDP per capita (Int$)[8] | Life expectancy (years, avg. 2021)  | HDI (2021)[9]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Bangladesh | 172,954,319 | 509,516 | 2,969 | 1,578,164 | 9,063 | 74.3 | 0.661 (medium)
Egypt | 112,716,599 | 378,110 | 3,644 | 1,803,584 | 16,979 | 71.8 | 0.731 (high)
Indonesia | 277,534,123 | 1,391,778 | 5,016 | 4,398,729 | 15,855 | 71.3 | 0.705 (high)
Iran | 89,172,767 | 367,970 | 4,251 | 1,691,819  | 19,548 | 77.3 | 0.774 (high)
Malaysia | 34,308,525 | 447,026 | 13,382 | 1,230,823 | 36,847 | 74.7 | 0.803 (very high)
Nigeria | 223,804,632 | 506,601 | 2,280 | 1,372,624 | 6,178 | 62.6 | 0.535 (low)
Pakistan | 240,485,658 | 376,493 (2022) | 1,658 (2022) | 1,582,988 | 6,836 | 68 | 0.544 (medium)
Turkey | 85,816,199 | 1,029,303 | 11,931 | 3,572,551 | 41,412 | 78.6 | 0.838 (very high)
Combined/Average | 1,236,792,822 | 4,917,797 | 3,976 | 17,128,282 | 13,849 | 72.0 | N/A

## Secretaries-General of D-8[edit]

No. | Name | Country of origin | Took office | Left office

|
|
|
|

1 | Ayhan Kamel |  Turkey | 1997 | 2006
2 | Dipo Alam |  Indonesia | 2006 | 2010
3 | Widi Agoes Pratikto |  Indonesia | 2010 | 2012
4 | Seyed Ali Mohammad Mousavi |  Iran | 2013 | 2017
5 | Ambassador Dato' Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari |  Malaysia | 2018 | 2021
6 | Ambassador Isiaka Abdulqadir Imam |  Nigeria | 2022 | present

## See also[edit]

* Newly industrialized country
* Next Eleven

## References[edit]

1. ^ The official website Archived 12 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine adopts the "G-15" orthography (with a hyphen) in order to distinguish an abbreviated references to this group – contrasts with other similarly named entities.
2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2012.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
3. ^ a b "D8 ministerial summit opens today". Tehran Times. 27 February 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
4. ^ a b "Iran pledges €50m to D8 fund". tehran times. 28 February 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
5. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
6. ^ "Developing 8". Developing 8. 13 May 2006. Archived from the original on 14 March 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
7. ^ "UNdata | record view | Total population, both sexes combined (thousands)". data.un.org. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
8. ^ a b c d International Monetary Fund. "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023". International Monetary Fund.
9. ^ Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. pp. 272–276. ISBN 978-9-211-26451-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022. `{{cite book}}`: `|website=` ignored (help)

## External links[edit]

* Official website

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Organization for Economic Cooperation.

* D-8 Member States Statistics
* D-8 Publications
* Preferential Trade Agreement
* Agriculture and Food Security

D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation

Members|

* Bangladesh
* Egypt
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Malaysia
* Nigeria
* Pakistan
* Turkey

* v
* t
* e

South–South cooperation and Third Worldism

Global South|

| Development|

* Landlocked developing countries
* Least developed countries
* Heavily indebted poor countries

|

Markets|

* Emerging markets
* Newly industrialized country
* Transition economy

Worlds theory|

* First World
* Second World
* Third World
* Fourth World

Geopolitics|

* Decolonization
* Cold War
* Neocolonialism
* Multipolarity
* World Conference against Racism
* Durban I
* Durban II
* Durban III
* Globalization
* Post-Western era

BRICS|

* Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)
BASIC (BRICS minus Russia)
* BRIC (BRICS minus South Africa)
* India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)

Finance|

* Debt
* Asian Clearing Union
* Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
* Asian Development Bank
* Arab Monetary Fund
* BancoSur
* Caribbean Development Bank
* Common Fund for Commodities
* New Development Bank
* OPEC Fund for International Development

Trade and
development

* Developmental state
* Flying geese paradigm
* Infrastructure-based development
* Sustainable development
* Global System of Trade Preferences
* Protocol on Trade Negotiations
* New International Economic Order
* New World Information and Communication Order
* United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
* United Nations Development Programme
* United Nations Industrial Development Organization

Public health|

* Generic drugs
* biosimilar
* Pharmaceutical patents
* criticism
* Test data exclusivity
* Doha Declaration
* World Health Organization

Organizations
and groups

* G-5
* G-77
* G-15
* D-8
* G20 developing nations (G-20)
* G-24
* G33 developing countries (G-33)
* G-11
* G-90
* Non-Aligned Movement
* African, Caribbean and Pacific Group
* African Union
* Afro–Asian Conference
* Association of Southeast Asian Nations
* Colombo Plan
* Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
* International Solar Alliance
* Melanesian Spearhead Group
* North–South Summit
* Polynesian Leaders Group
* South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
* South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
* Small Island Developing States
* South Centre

North–South
divide

* Brandt Report
* Global financial system
* International Monetary Fund
* World Bank
* World Trade Organization
* Fair trade
* Financial regulation
* Global digital divide

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