D-segment

Car size classification in Europe

2024 best-selling

Tesla Model 3 1st generation (2017–present)

BMW 3 Series 7th generation (2018–present)

Volkswagen Passat 8th generation (2015–2024)

The D-segment is the 4th category of the European segments for passenger cars, and is described as "large cars".[1][2]

It is equivalent to the Euro NCAP "large family car" size class,[3] and the present-day definition of the mid-size car category used in North America.[4][5] Compact executive cars are part of the D-segment size category.

D-segment sales represented about 7% of the market in the 2010s.[6][7]

## Characteristics

[edit]

Most D-segment cars are sedans/saloons or wagons/estates but hatchbacks, and coupes have been common.

Pricing and specification of D-segment cars can vary greatly, from basic low-cost transport to more luxurious and expensive models. As of 2021 the typical D-segment category size span from approx. 4.6m to 4.8m.

## Current models

[edit]

D-segment cars in Europe are the BMW 3 Series, Tesla Model 3, Mercedes-Benz C-Class, Audi A4/S4/RS4, Mazda6, Škoda Superb, Volvo S60/V60, Citroën C5X, Peugeot 508, Audi A5/S5/RS5, BMW 4 Series, Volkswagen Arteon, Toyota Camry and Polestar 2. [8]

100,000 – 200,000 sales (Best-Selling)

* Tesla Model 3
1st generation (2017–present)

* BMW 3 Series
7th generation (2018–present)

50,000 – 100,000 sales

* Volkswagen Passat
8th generation (2015–present)

* Audi A4
5th generation (2016-present)

* Mercedes-Benz C-Class
5th generation (2021–present)

* Volvo S60
3rd generation (2019-present)

* Škoda Superb
3rd generation (2015-present)

10,000 – 50,000 sales

* BMW 4 Series
2nd generation (2020–present)

* Audi A5
2nd generation (2016–present)

* Peugeot 508
2nd generation (2018-present)

* Volkswagen Arteon
1st generation (2017–present)

* Polestar 2
1st generation (2020-present)

### List of current cars produced in 2024

[edit]

* Alfa Romeo Giulia
* Audi A4/S4/RS4
* Audi A5/S5/RS5
* BMW 3 Series
* BMW 4 Series
* BYD Seal
* Citroën C5 X
* Ford Mondeo/Taurus
* Honda Accord
* Hyundai IONIQ 6
* Hyundai Sonata
* Jaguar XE
* Kia K5
* Lexus IS
* Lexus RC
* Mercedes-Benz C-Class
* Peugeot 508
* Polestar 2
* Škoda Superb
* Subaru Legacy
* Subaru Levorg
* Tesla Model 3
* Toyota Camry
* Volkswagen Arteon
* Volkswagen Passat
* Volvo S60/V60
* XPeng P5

## Sales figures in Europe

[edit]

2021
rank  | Brand  | Model  | 2014  | 2015  | 2016  | 2017  | 2018  | 2019  | 2020  | 2021  | % change
(2020–2021)

|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|

1  | Tesla | Model 3 | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 95,168  | 85,979  | 140,868  |  +64%
2  | BMW | 3 Series | 168,275  | 143,023  | 144,561  | 129,053  | 106,991  | 124,537  | 118,369  | 113,209  |  -4%
3  | Volkswagen | Passat | 153,677  | 226,127  | 206,813  | 183,288  | 154,074  | 124,650  | 115,363  | 82,488  |  -28%
4  | Audi | A4/S4/RS4 | 124,170  | 124,466  | 162,655  | 146,006  | 112,484  | 102,994  | 77,515  | 59,251  |  -24%
5  | Mercedes-Benz | C-Class | 136,474  | 173,011  | 176,038  | 176,915  | 150,995  | 143,293  | 81,909  | 56,927  |  -30%
6  | Volvo | S60/V60 | 54,663  | 54,354  | 53,268  | 45,335  | 46,945  | 65,917  | 58,003  | 47,054  |  -19%
7  | Škoda | Superb | 46,149  | 50,533  | 85,879  | 81,410  | 74,697  | 67,488  | 59,925  | 46,285  |  -23%
8  | BMW | 4 Series | 53,948  | 72,769  | 67,983  | 64,710  | 52,248  | 35,908  | 18,139  | 33,083  |  +82%
9  | Audi | A5/S5/RS5 | 47,591  | 45,202  | 43,686  | 61,619  | 49,799  | 41,812  | 28,525  | 26,100  |  -9%
10  | Peugeot | 508 | 41,797  | 43,301  | 37,104  | 22,842  | 13,378  | 41,329  | 29,011  | 25,202  |  -13%
11  | Volkswagen | Arteon | –  | –  | –  | 9,798  | 21,495  | 19,048  | 13,582  | 20,994  |  +55%
12  | Polestar | Polestar 2 | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 8,746  | 20,949  |  +140%
13  | Opel/Vauxhall | Insignia | 92,694  | 88,544  | 73,161  | 72,347  | 67,424  | 45,925  | 21,133  | 20,384  |  -4%
14  | Ford | Mondeo | 45,405  | 79,673  | 70,900  | 56,173  | 49,596  | 39,555  | 21,222  | 13,481  |  -36%
15  | Toyota | Camry | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 7,640  | 9,119  | 8,222  |  -10%
16  | Alfa Romeo | Giulia | –  | –  | 10,475  | 24,679  | 17,075  | 10,932  | 7,436  | 6,297  |  -15%
17  | Subaru | Legacy/Outback | 6,415  | 10,806  | 8,242  | 7,016  | 7,460  | 7,504  | 3,844  | 6,045  |  +57%
18  | Renault | Talisman | –  | 1,824  | 34,344  | 32,163  | 19,784  | 16,405  | 8,025  | 5,608  |  -30%
19  | Mazda | Mazda6 | 31,032  | 30,519  | 29,226  | 23,090  | 23,090  | 22,048  | 6,950  | 4,890  |  -30%
20  | Jaguar | XE | –  | 16,535  | 24,461  | 18,999  | 10,877  | 7,978  | 3,780  | 2,039  |  -46%
21  | Kia | Stinger | –  | –  | –  | 1,143  | 3,820  | 3,600  | 1,387  | 1,142  |  -18%
22  | BMW | i4 | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 762  | New
23  | Lexus | IS | 9,610  | 7,729  | 6,234  | 5,649  | 5,413  | 3,282  | 1,855  | 551  |  -70%
24  | Kia | Optima | 3,409  | 3,263  | 9,515  | 16,152  | 14,404  | 12,202  | 6,086  | 430  |  -93%
25  | Subaru | Levorg | –  | 2,437  | 4,689  | 2,865  | 1,748  | 1,395  | 825  | 417  |  -49%
26  | Lexus | RC | 30  | 526  | 1,815  | 1,390  | 1,334  | 1,082  | 710  | 96  |  -86%
27  | Genesis | G70 | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 96  | New
28  | Citroën | C5 X | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 63  | New
29  | Xpeng | P5 | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 8  | New
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mainstream  |  |  | 527,783  | 619,474  | 625,185  | 542,947  | 450,035  | –  | –  | –  |
Premium  |  |  | 613,234  | 662,738  | 709,754  | 694,030  | 584,091  | –  | –  | –  |
Segment total  |  |  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 1,046,829  | 787,815  | 742,941  |  -6%
Source  |  |  | [9][10] | [11][12] | [13][14] | [15][16] | [17][18] | [6] | [7] | [19] |

Notes:

Jump in segment total sales after 2019. year is because premium cars are included.

From 2014 to 2018 premium cars are not included in total segment sales.

Premium brands and models are marked italic.

Electric cars are included in D-segment from 2019. year.

## Market share in Europe

[edit]

2019 - After years of decline, the midsized car segment is actually up 1% in 2019 to 1.05 million sales, maintaining a 6.7% share of the overall car market. [6]

2020 - The midsized car segment is down 25% in 2020 to just under 790,000 sales, as its share of the European car market drops to 6.6%, slightly down from 6.7% last year. And luxury brands have now officially taken over control of this class, improving their share to 62.3% from 60.5% last year and claiming four of the top-5 positions. The top-3 players all gain share, outperforming not only the class but also the overall market. [7]

## Historic models

[edit]

Main pages: Category:Euro NCAP large family cars and Category:Mid-size cars

Note: this list includes cars from these decades which carried a different nameplate or numeric designation to the modern day equivalent, and in some cases there is no modern day direct equivalent

### 1960s

[edit]

* (1960) Peugeot 404
* (1961) Fiat 1300
* (1962) Ford Cortina
* (1962) Alfa Romeo Giulia
* (1963) Lancia Fulvia
* (1964) Austin/Morris 1800
* (1964) Ford Mustang
* (1965) Renault 16
* (1966) BMW 02 Series
* (1966) Chevrolet Camaro
* (1966) Hillman Hunter
* (1967) Fiat 125
* (1968) Peugeot 504
* (1969) Renault 12

### 1970s

[edit]

* (1970) Opel Ascona (A)
* (1970) Volkswagen K70
* (1974) Fiat 132
* (1972) Alfa Romeo Alfetta
* (1972) Audi 80
* (1972) Lancia Beta
* (1972) Toyota Carina
* (1973) Volkswagen Passat
* (1974) Volvo 200 Series
* (1975) BMW 3 Series (E21)
* (1975) Leyland Princess
* (1975) Opel Ascona (B) / Vauxhall Cavalier
* (1976) Honda Accord
* (1978) Audi 80
* (1978) Peugeot 305
* (1978) Renault 18
* (1978) Saab 900

### 1980s

[edit]

* (1981) Volkswagen Passat (B2)
* (1981) Fiat Argenta
* (1982) BMW 3 Series (E30)
* (1982) Citroën BX
* (1982) Ford Sierra
* (1982) Mercedes-Benz 190E
* (1982) Nissan Stanza
* (1984) Austin Montego
* (1984) Hyundai Stellar
* (1985) Alfa Romeo 75
* (1985) Fiat Croma
* (1986) Renault 21
* (1987) Peugeot 405
* (1988) Audi 80 B3
* (1988) Opel Vectra/Vauxhall Cavalier
* (1988) Volkswagen Passat B3
* (1989) Hyundai Sonata

### 1990s

[edit]

* (1990) BMW 3 Series (E36)
* (1990) Nissan Primera
* (1991) Audi 80 B4
* (1991) Volvo 850
* (1992) Alfa Romeo 155
* (1992) Ford Mondeo
* (1993) Citroën Xantia
* (1993) Renault Laguna
* (1993) Rover 600 Series
* (1993) Volkswagen_Passat_(B4)
* (1994) Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W202)
* (1994) Saab 900
* (1995) Opel/Vauxhall Vectra
* (1995) Peugeot 406
* (1996) Audi A4 B5
* (1997) Alfa Romeo 156
* (1997) Volkswagen Passat (B5)
* (1997) Volvo S70
* (1998) BMW 3 Series (E46)
* (1998) Saab 9-3
* (1998) Toyota Avensis
* (1999) Kia Clarus
* (1999) Lancia Lybra
* (1999) Lexus IS

### 2000s

[edit]

* (2000) Ford Mondeo
* (2000) Volvo S60
* (2001) Audi A4 B6
* (2001) Citroën C5
* (2001) Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W203)
* (2001) Nissan Primera (P12)
* (2001) Renault Laguna II
* (2001) Škoda Superb
* (2002) Jaguar X-Type
* (2002) Opel/Vauxhall Vectra
* (2003) Acura TSX
* (2003) Infiniti G25/35
* (2003) Saab 9-3
* (2004) Acura TL
* (2004) Peugeot 407
* (2005) Alfa Romeo 159
* (2005) BMW 3 Series (E90)
* (2005) Fiat Croma
* (2005) Renault Samsung SM5 II
* (2006) Audi A4 B7
* (2006) Cadillac BLS
* (2006) Lexus IS (XE20)
* (2006) Lincoln Zephyr/MKZ
* (2006) Volkswagen Passat (B6)
* (2007) Renault Laguna III
* (2008) Acura TSX
* (2008) Audi A5 8T/8F
* (2008) Citroën C5
* (2008) Ford Mondeo
* (2008) Infiniti G37
* (2008) Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W204)
* (2008) Škoda Superb
* (2008) Volkswagen CC
* (2009) Audi A4 B8
* (2009) Acura TL
* (2009) Lexus HS
* (2009) Opel/Vauxhall Insignia/Buick Regal
* (2009) Renault Samsung SM5 III
* (2009) Seat Exeo

### 2010s

[edit]

* (2010) Peugeot 508
* (2011) DS 5
* (2011) Hyundai i40
* (2011) Volkswagen Passat (B7)
* (2011) Volvo S60
* (2012) BMW 3 Series (F30)
* (2013) BMW 4 Series (F32)
* (2013) Cadillac ATS
* (2014) DS 5LS
* (2014) Ford Mondeo/Fusion
* (2014) Infiniti Q50
* (2014) Lexus IS (XE30)
* (2014) Lincoln MKZ
* (2015) Acura TLX
* (2015) Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W205)
* (2015) Renault Talisman
* (2015) Volkswagen Passat (B8)
* (2016) Alfa Romeo Giulia (952)
* (2016) Audi A4 B9
* (2016) Audi A5 8W6
* (2016) Jaguar XE
* (2016) Škoda Superb III
* (2017) Opel/Vauxhall Insignia/Buick Regal
* (2018) Genesis G70
* (2018) Kia Stinger
* (2018) Volkswagen Arteon
* (2019) BMW 3 Series (G20)
* (2019) BMW 4 Series (G22)
* (2019) Volvo S60

### 2020s

[edit]

* (2020) Cadillac CT4
* (2021) DS 9
* (2022) Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W206)
* (2022) Citroën C5 X

## See also

[edit]

* C-segment
* E-segment
* Euro Car Segment
* Car classifications
* Mid-size car

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 - Merger Procedure" (PDF). www.europa.eu. "exact market definition was left open .. boundaries between segments are blurred by factors other than the size or length of cars"
2. ^ "Impact on the Competitiveness of the European Automotive Industry of Potential FTA with India and ASEAN" (PDF). www.europa.eu. p. 8\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2013.
3. ^ "Latest Safety Ratings". www.euroncap.com. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
4. ^ "2019 Nissan Altima Proves Midsize Sedans Aren't Dead Yet". www.wardsauto.com. 8 October 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
5. ^ "America's D-Segment Flab". www.thetruthaboutcars.com. 9 October 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
6. ^ a b c "European sales 2019 Midsized cars". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
7. ^ a b c "European sales 2020 Midsized cars". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
8. ^ "European sales 2020 Midsized cars". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
9. ^ "European sales 2014 Midsize segment". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
10. ^ "European sales 2014 Premium Midsize segment". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
11. ^ "European sales 2015 Midsize segment". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
12. ^ "European sales 2015 Premium Midsize segment". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
13. ^ "European sales 2016 Midsized car segment". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
14. ^ "European sales 2016 Premium Midsize segment". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
15. ^ "European sales 2017 Midsized car segment". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
16. ^ "European sales 2017 Premium Midsize segment". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
17. ^ "European sales 2018 Midsized car segment". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
18. ^ "European sales 2018 Premium Midsize segment". www.carsalesbase.com. March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
19. ^ "European sales 2021 Midsized cars". www.carsalesbase.com. May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.

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Car classification by the European Commission

* A (mini-cars)
* B (small cars)
* C (medium cars)
* D (large cars)
* E (executive cars)
* F (luxury cars)
* J (sport utility cars)
* M (multi purpose cars)
* S (sport coupés)

* Template:Automobile configuration

* v
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* e

Car design

Classification|

| By size|

* Micro
* Kei
* Subcompact
* Supermini
* Family
* Compact
* Mid-size
* Full-size

|

Custom|

* Hot rod
* Lead sled
* Lowrider
* Street rod
* T-bucket

Luxury|

* Compact executive
* Executive
* Personal

Minivan / MPV|

* Compact
* Leisure
* Mini

SUV|

* Compact
* Crossover (CUV)
* Mini
* Coupe SUV

Sports|

* Grand tourer
* Hot hatch
* Muscle
* Pony
* Sport compact
* Sports sedan
* Super
* Go-kart

Other|

* Antique
* Classic
* Economy
* Ute
* Van
* Vintage car

EU|

* A-segment
* B-segment
* C-segment
* D-segment
* E-segment
* F-segment
* J-segment
* M-segment
* S-segment

Body styles|

* 2+2
* Baquet
* Barchetta
* Berlinetta
* Brougham
* Cabrio coach
* Cab over
* Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe
* Coupe
* Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville
* Coupé utility
* Fastback
* Hardtop
* Hatchback
* Kammback
* Landaulet
* Liftback
* Limousine
* Microvan
* Minibus
* Multi-stop truck
* Notchback
* Panel van
* Phaeton
* Pickup truck
* Quad coupé
* Retractable hardtop
* Roadster / Spider / Spyder
* Runabout
* Saloon / Sedan
* Sedan delivery/Panel van
* Shooting brake
* Station wagon
* Targa top
* Torpedo
* Touring
* Town (Coupé de Ville)
* T-top
* Vis-à-vis

Specialized
vehicles|

* All-terrain vehicle
* Amphibious
* Connected
* Driverless (autonomous)
* Go-kart
* Gyrocar
* Pedal car
* Personal rapid transit
* Police car
* Flying car
* Taxicab
* Tow truck
* Voiturette

Propulsion|

* Alternative fuel
* Autogas
* Biodiesel
* Biofuel
* Biogasoline
* Biogas
* Compressed natural gas
* Diesel
* Electric (battery
* NEV)
* Ethanol (E85)
* Fossil fuel
* Fuel cell
* Fuel gas
* Natural gas
* Gasoline / petrol (direct injection)
* Homogeneous charge compression ignition
* Hybrid (plug-in)
* Hydrogen
* Internal combustion
* Liquid nitrogen
* Liquified petroleum gas
* Steam

Drive wheels|

* Front-wheel
* Rear-wheel
* Two-wheel
* Four-wheel
* Six-wheel
* Eight-wheel
* Ten-wheel
* Twelve-wheel

Engine position|

* Front
* Mid
* Rear

Layout
(engine / drive)|

* Front-front
* Front mid-front
* Rear-front
* Front-rear
* Rear mid-rear
* Rear-rear
* Front-four-wheel
* Mid-four-wheel
* Rear-four-wheel
* Dual motor-four-wheel

Engine configuration
(internal combustion)|

* Boxer
* Flat
* Four-stroke
* H-block
* Reciprocating
* Single-cylinder
* Straight
* Two-stroke
* V (Vee)
* W engine
* Wankel

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