DR1 (gene)

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

DR1

| Available structures

PDB| Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
| List of PDB id codes

1JFI

Identifiers
Aliases| DR1, NC2, NC2-BETA, NC2B, down-regulator of transcription 1, NCB2
External IDs| OMIM: 601482; MGI: 1100515; HomoloGene: 38809; GeneCards: DR1; OMA:DR1 - orthologs
| Gene location (Human)

Chr.| Chromosome 1 (human)[1]

Band| 1p22.1| Start| 93,345,907 bp[1]
End| 93,369,493 bp[1]
| Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.| Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2]

Band| 5 F|5 52.82 cM| Start| 108,416,763 bp[2]
End| 108,428,392 bp[2]
| RNA expression pattern

Bgee| | Human| Mouse (ortholog)

|

| Top expressed in

* Epithelium of choroid plexus

* human penis

* Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii

* amniotic fluid

* buccal mucosa cell

* Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis

* skin of thigh

* tibia

* body of tongue

* oral cavity

| Top expressed in

* spermatocyte

* Gonadal ridge

* barrel cortex

* seminiferous tubule

* Paneth cell

* migratory enteric neural crest cell

* submandibular gland

* primitive streak

* atrioventricular valve

* hair follicle

More reference expression data
BioGPS| |

More reference expression data
| Gene ontology

Molecular function|

* TBP-class protein binding
* DNA binding
* transcription factor binding
* protein binding
* transcription corepressor activity
* protein heterodimerization activity
* DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
* transcription coactivator activity
* RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor activity

Cellular component|

* nucleus
* negative cofactor 2 complex

Biological process|

* regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
* negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
* histone H3 acetylation
* transcription, DNA-templated
* chromatin remodeling
* regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly
* positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
* RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly
* transcription by RNA polymerase II

Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
| Orthologs

Species| Human| Mouse
Entrez| |

1810

13486

Ensembl| |

ENSG00000117505

ENSMUSG00000029265

UniProt| |

Q01658

Q91WV0

RefSeq (mRNA)| |

NM_001938

NM_026106

RefSeq (protein)| |

NP_001929

NP_080382

Location (UCSC)| Chr 1: 93.35 – 93.37 Mb| Chr 5: 108.42 – 108.43 Mb
PubMed search| [3]| [4]
Wikidata
| View/Edit Human| View/Edit Mouse

|

The DR1 gene is a gene in humans that codes for the Dr1 protein.[5][6][7]

## Function

[edit]

This gene encodes a TBP- (TATA box-binding protein) associated phosphoprotein that represses both basal and activated levels of transcription. The encoded protein is phosphorylated in vivo and this phosphorylation affects its interaction with TBP. This protein contains a histone fold motif at the amino terminus, a TBP-binding domain, and a glutamine- and alanine-rich region. The binding of DR1 repressor complexes to TBP-promoter complexes may establish a mechanism in which an altered DNA conformation, together with the formation of higher order complexes, inhibits the assembly of the preinitiation complex and controls the rate of RNA polymerase II transcription.[7]

## Interactions

[edit]

DR1 (gene) has been shown to interact with DRAP1.[8][9]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000117505 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029265 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. ^ Inostroza JA, Mermelstein FH, Ha I, Lane WS, Reinberg D (Sep 1992). "Dr1, a TATA-binding protein-associated phosphoprotein and inhibitor of class II gene transcription". Cell. 70 (3): 477–89\. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90172-9. PMID 1339312.
6. ^ Purrello M, Di Pietro C, Rapisarda A, Viola A, Corsaro C, Motta S, Grzeschik KH, Sichel G (1996). "Genomic localization of the human gene encoding Dr1, a negative modulator of transcription of class II and class III genes". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 75 (2–3): 186–9\. doi:10.1159/000134479. PMID 9040789.2–3&rft.pages=186-9&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info:doi/10.1159/000134479&rft_id=info:pmid/9040789&rft.aulast=Purrello&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Di+Pietro,+C&rft.au=Rapisarda,+A&rft.au=Viola,+A&rft.au=Corsaro,+C&rft.au=Motta,+S&rft.au=Grzeschik,+KH&rft.au=Sichel,+G&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:DR1+(gene)" class="Z3988">
7. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: DR1 down-regulator of transcription 1, TBP-binding (negative cofactor 2)".
8. ^ Yeung K, Kim S, Reinberg D (Jan 1997). "Functional dissection of a human Dr1-DRAP1 repressor complex". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (1): 36–45\. doi:10.1128/MCB.17.1.36. PMC 231727. PMID 8972183.
9. ^ Mermelstein F, Yeung K, Cao J, Inostroza JA, Erdjument-Bromage H, Eagelson K, Landsman D, Levitt P, Tempst P, Reinberg D (Apr 1996). "Requirement of a corepressor for Dr1-mediated repression of transcription". Genes Dev. 10 (8): 1033–48\. doi:10.1101/gad.10.8.1033. PMID 8608938.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4\. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.1–2&rft.pages=171-4&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8&rft_id=info:pmid/8125298&rft.aulast=Maruyama&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Sugano,+S&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:DR1+(gene)" class="Z3988">
* Goppelt A, Stelzer G, Lottspeich F, Meisterernst M (1996). "A mechanism for repression of class II gene transcription through specific binding of NC2 to TBP-promoter complexes via heterodimeric histone fold domains". EMBO J. 15 (12): 3105–16\. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00673.x. PMC 450253. PMID 8670811.
* Kashanchi F, Khleif SN, Duvall JF, Sadaie MR, Radonovich MF, Cho M, Martin MA, Chen SY, Weinmann R, Brady JN (1996). "Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat with a unique site of TFIID inhibits negative cofactor Dr1 and stabilizes the TFIID-TFIIA complex". J. Virol. 70 (8): 5503–10\. doi:10.1128/JVI.70.8.5503-5510.1996. PMC 190508. PMID 8764062.
* Cowell IG, Hurst HC (1996). "Protein-protein interaction between the transcriptional repressor E4BP4 and the TBP-binding protein Dr1". Nucleic Acids Res. 24 (18): 3607–13\. doi:10.1093/nar/24.18.3607. PMC 146135. PMID 8836190.
* Rozet JM, Gerber S, Perrault I, Camuzat A, Calvas P, Viegas-Pequignot E, Molina-Gomes D, Le Paslier D, Chumakov I, Munnich A, Kaplan J (1996). "Structure and physical mapping of DR1, a TATA-binding protein-associated phosphoprotein gene, to chromosome 1p22.1 and its exclusion in Stargardt disease (STGD)". Genomics. 36 (3): 554–6\. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0508. PMID 8884286.
* Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56\. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.1–2&rft.pages=149-56&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3&rft_id=info:pmid/9373149&rft.aulast=Suzuki&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Yoshitomo-Nakagawa,+K&rft.au=Maruyama,+K&rft.au=Suyama,+A&rft.au=Sugano,+S&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:DR1+(gene)" class="Z3988">
* Kamada K, Shu F, Chen H, Malik S, Stelzer G, Roeder RG, Meisterernst M, Burley SK (2001). "Crystal structure of negative cofactor 2 recognizing the TBP-DNA transcription complex". Cell. 106 (1): 71–81\. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00417-2. PMID 11461703. S2CID 11064090.
* Gilfillan S, Stelzer G, Piaia E, Hofmann MG, Meisterernst M (2005). "Efficient binding of NC2.TATA-binding protein to DNA in the absence of TATA". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (7): 6222–30\. doi:10.1074/jbc.M406343200. PMID 15574413.
* Lewis BA, Sims RJ, Lane WS, Reinberg D (2005). "Functional characterization of core promoter elements: DPE-specific transcription requires the protein kinase CK2 and the PC4 coactivator". Mol. Cell. 18 (4): 471–81\. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.04.005. PMID 15893730.
* Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8\. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
* Malecová B, Gross P, Boyer-Guittaut M, Yavuz S, Oelgeschläger T (2007). "The initiator core promoter element antagonizes repression of TATA-directed transcription by negative cofactor NC2". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (34): 24767–76\. doi:10.1074/jbc.M702776200. PMID 17584739.

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PDB gallery

* 1jfi: Crystal Structure of the NC2-TBP-DNA Ternary Complex

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