Dagestan Oblast

Province of the Russian Empire from 1860 to 1917

Oblast in Caucasus, Russian Empire

Dagestan Oblast

Дагестанская область

Oblast

Coat of arms

Administrative map of the Dagestan Oblast

Country| Russian Empire
Viceroyalty| Caucasus
Established| 1860
Abolished| 1921
Capital| Temir-Khan-Shura
(present-day Buynaksk)
Area

• Total

| 29,709.63 km2 (11,470.95 sq mi)
Highest elevation

(Mount Bazardüzü)

| 4,466 m (14,652 ft)
Population

(1916)

• Total

| 713,342
• Density| 24/km2 (62/sq mi)
• Urban

| 9.81%
• Rural

| 90.19%

The Dagestan Oblast[a] was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day southeastern Dagestan within the Russian Federation. The Dagestan oblast was created in 1860 out of the territories of the former Caucasian Imamate, bordering the Terek Oblast to the north, the Tiflis Governorate and Zakatal Okrug to the west, the Elizavetpol Governorate to the south, and Baku Governorate to the east. The administrative center of the oblast was Temir-Khan-Shura (present-day Buynaksk).[1]

## Administrative divisions

[edit]

The districts (okrugs) of the Dagestan oblast in 1917 were as follows:[2][3]

Bold line denotes the largest city.

Name  | Administrative centre and

the largest city

| Population  | Area

|
|
|

| 1897[4] | 1917[5] | 1897  | 1916
Avarskiy okrug (Аварский округ)  | Khunzakh | 1,587  | \
  | 37,639  | 35,749  | 1,148.27 square versts (1,306.80 km2; 504.56 sq mi)
Andiyskiy okrug (Андийский округ)  | Botlikh | 1,225  | \
  | 49,628  | 57,875  | 3,152.17 square versts (3,587.37 km2; 1,385.09 sq mi)
Gunibskiy okrug (Гунибский округ)  | Gunib | 685  | \
  | 55,899  | 76,175  | 3,422.33 square versts (3,894.82 km2; 1,503.80 sq mi)
Darginskiy okrug (Даргинский округ)  | Levashi | 1,343  | \
  | 80,943  | 85,131  | 1,525.25 square versts (1,735.83 km2; 670.21 sq mi)
Kazikumukhskiy okrug (Казикумухский округ)  | Kumukh | 621  | \
  | 45,363  | 51,250  | 1,270.80 square versts (1,446.25 km2; 558.40 sq mi)
Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug (Кайтаго-Табасаранский округ)  | Madzhalis | 1,327  | \
  | 91,021  | 82,154  | 2,896.54 square versts (3,296.44 km2; 1,272.76 sq mi)
Derbent | 14,649  | 31,168
Kyurinskiy okrug (Кюринский округ)  | Kasumkent | 1,013  | \
  | 77,680  | 117,218  | 3,066.85 square versts (3,490.27 km2; 1,347.60 sq mi)
Samurskiy okrug (Самурский округ)  | Akhty | 3,190  | \
  | 35,633  | 71,556  | 3,258.87 square versts (3,708.80 km2; 1,431.97 sq mi)
Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug (Темир-Хан-Шуринский округ)  | Temir-Khan-Shura

(Buynaksk)

| 9,214  | 15,239  | 97,348  | 136,234  | 5,464.01 square versts (6,218.38 km2; 2,400.93 sq mi)
Petrovsk (Makhachkala)  | 9,753  | 23,566

## Demographics

[edit]

### Russian Empire Census

[edit]

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Dagestan oblast had a population of 571,154 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 283,279 men and 287,875 women. The plurality of the population indicated Avar-Andean to be their mother tongue, with significant Dargin, Kyurin, Kazi-Kumukh, Kumyk, and Tatar[b] speaking minorities.[2]

Linguistic composition of the Dagestan oblast in 1897[2] Language  | Native speakers  | %

|
|

Avar-Andean | 158,550  | 27.76
Dargin | 121,375  | 21.25
Kyurin | 94,596  | 16.56
Kazi-Kumukh | 76,381  | 13.37
Kumyk | 51,209  | 8.97
Tatar[b] | 32,143  | 5.63
Russian | 13,111  | 2.30
Jewish | 7,361  | 1.29
Tat | 2,998  | 0.52
Ukrainian | 2,895  | 0.51
Nogai | 1,909  | 0.33
Persian | 1,720  | 0.30
Armenian | 1,636  | 0.29
Polish | 1,630  | 0.29
Arabic | 912  | 0.16
Chechen | 757  | 0.13
Lithuanian | 520  | 0.09
Georgian | 375  | 0.07
German | 261  | 0.05
Belarusian | 38  | 0.01
Other  | 777  | 0.14
TOTAL  | 571,154  | 100.00
Religious composition of the Dagestan oblast in 1897[8] Faith  | Male  | Female  | Both

|
|
|

Number  | %
Muslim | 263,475  | 276,815  | 540,290  | 94.60
Eastern Orthodox | 10,996  | 5,341  | 16,337  | 2.86
Judaism | 5,367  | 4,689  | 10,056  | 1.76
Roman Catholic | 2,079  | 137  | 2,216  | 0.39
Armenian Apostolic | 955  | 668  | 1,623  | 0.28
Old Believer | 184  | 114  | 298  | 0.05
Lutheran | 185  | 100  | 285  | 0.05
Armenian Catholic | 24  | 5  | 29  | 0.01
Baptist | 1  | 1  | 2  | 0.00
Anglican | 0  | 3  | 3  | 0.00
Buddhist | 3  | 0  | 3  | 0.00
Reformed | 3  | 0  | 3  | 0.00
Other non-Christian denomination  | 7  | 2  | 9  | 0.00
TOTAL  | 283,279  | 287,875  | 571,154  | 100.00

Linguistic composition of uezds in the Dagestan Oblast in 1897

Okrug  | Avar-Andean  | Dargin  | Kyurin  | Kazi-Kumukh  | Kumyk  | Tatar  | TOTAL

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %
Temir-Khan-Shura | 15,194  | 15.61  | 9,724  | 9.99  | 15  | 0.02  | 588  | 0.60  | 49,730  | 51.08  | 1,261  | 1.30  | 97,348
Avar | 36,063  | 95.81  | 18  | 0.05  | 4  | 0.01  | 13  | 0.03  | 4  | 0.01  | 5  | 0.01  | 37,639
Andi | 48,637  | 98.00  | 9  | 0.02  | 1  | 0.00  | 27  | 0.05  | 24  | 0.05  | 15  | 0.03  | 49,628
Gunib | 52,227  | 93.43  | 774  | 1.38  | 0  | 0.00  | 2,113  | 3.78  | 17  | 0.03  | 35  | 0.06  | 55,899
Dargin | 3,131  | 3.87  | 73,899  | 91.3  | 9  | 0.01  | 3,739  | 4.62  | 0  | 0.00  | 8  | 0.01  | 80,943
Kazikumukh | 2,446  | 5.39  | 3,657  | 8.06  | 943  | 2.08  | 38,014  | 83.8  | 47  | 0.10  | 145  | 0.32  | 45,363
Kaitago-Tabasaran | 628  | 0.69  | 33,186  | 36.46  | 350  | 0.38  | 17,678  | 19.42  | 1,035  | 1.14  | 28,975  | 31.83  | 91,021
Kyurin | 50  | 0.06  | 45  | 0.06  | 59,309  | 76.35  | 13,694  | 17.63  | 5  | 0.01  | 1,321  | 1.70  | 77680
Samur | 174  | 0.49  | 63  | 0.18  | 33,965  | 95.32  | 515  | 1.45  | 346  | 0.97  | 379  | 1.06  | 35633
TOTAL | 158,550  | 27.76  | 121,375  | 21.25  | 94,596  | 16.56  | 76,381  | 13.37  | 51,209  | 8.97  | 32,143  | 5.63  | 571,154

### Kavkazskiy kalendar

[edit]

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Dagestan oblast had a population of 713,342 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 369,737 men and 343,605 women, 659,976 of whom were the permanent population, and 53,366 were temporary residents:[3]

Nationality  | Urban | Rural | TOTAL

|
|
|

Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %
North Caucasians | 12,247  | 17.50  | 533,367  | 82.90  | 545,614  | 76.49
Sunni Muslims[c] | 1,137  | 1.62  | 90,840  | 14.12  | 91,977  | 12.89
Russians | 27,045  | 38.65  | 9,078  | 1.41  | 36,123  | 5.06
Jews | 11,913  | 17.03  | 5,397  | 0.84  | 17,310  | 2.43
Shia Muslims[d] | 11,263  | 16.10  | 4,352  | 0.68  | 15,615  | 2.19
Armenians | 4,668  | 6.67  | 84  | 0.01  | 4,752  | 0.67
Other Europeans | 736  | 1.05  | 251  | 0.04  | 987  | 0.14
Asiatic Christians | 785  | 1.12  | 0  | 0.00  | 785  | 0.11
Georgians | 179  | 0.26  | 0  | 0.00  | 179  | 0.03
TOTAL  | 69,973  | 100.00  | 643,369  | 100.00  | 713,342  | 100.00

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Russian: Дагестанская область, romanized: Dagestanskaya oblast
2. ^ a b Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[6][7]
3. ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[9]
4. ^ Primarily Tatars.[9]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Tsutsiev 2014.
2. ^ a b c "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru.
3. ^ a b Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 186–193.
4. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
5. ^ Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian).
6. ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
7. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
8. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
9. ^ a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.

* Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1\. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
* Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
* Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
* Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.

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Subdivisions of the Russian Empire

Governorates
(List)|

* Azov¹
* +Altai²
* Arkhangelsk
* Archangelgorod
* Astrakhan
* Belgorod
* Bessarabia
* Bratslav
* Belarus
* Caucasus
* Chernigov
* Grodno
* Finland
* Iziaslav
* Ingermanland
* Irkutsk
* Kazan
* Kaluga
* Kiev (1708)
* Kiev
* Kharkov
* Kherson
* Kholm
* Kovno
* Kolyvan
* Kostroma
* Kursk
* Lithuania
* Little Russia (1764)
* Little Russia (1796)
* Minsk
* Mogilev
* Moscow
* Nikolayev
* Nizhny Novgorod
* Novgorod-Seversky
* Novgorod
* Novorossiya
* Olonets
* Orenburg
* Oryol
* Penza
* Perm
* *Petrograd²
* Podolia
* Polotsk
* Poltava
* Pskov
* Ryazan
* Samara
* Saint Petersburg
* Saratov
* Siberia
* Simbirsk
* Sloboda Ukraine
* Slonim
* Smolensk
* Stavropol
* Taurida
* Tambov
* Tver
* Tobolsk
* Tomsk
* Tula
* Ufa
* Vilna
* Vitebsk
* Vladimir
* Voznesensk
* Vologda
* Volhynia
* Voronezh
* Vyatka
* Vyborg
* Yaroslavl
* Yekaterinoslav
* Yeniseysk

| Baltic Governorates³|

* Courland
* Livonia
* Reval
* Riga
* Estonia

|

Governorates of Finland|

* Åbo-Björneborg
* Vasa
* Vyborg
* Kuopio
* Nyland
* St. Michel
* Tavastehus
* Uleåborg

Governorates of Poland|

* Avgustov
* Warsaw
* Kalish
* Keltsy
* Krakov
* Lomzha
* Lyublin
* Mazovia
* Petrokov
* Plotsk
* Podlyashye
* Radom
* Sandomir
* Sedlets
* Suvalki

Governorates of
Galicia and Bukovina|

* Lvov
* Peremyshl
* Tarnopol
* Chernovtsy

Oblasts|

* Belostok
* Bessarabia
* Don Host
* Caspian
* Kwantung
* Orenburg Kirghiz
* Omsk
* Taurida
* Tarnopol
* Yakutsk

| The Steppes|

* Akmolinsk
* Siberian Kirghiz
* Semipalatinsk
* Turgay
* Ural

|

Turkestan|

* Transcaspian
* Samarkand
* Semirechye Oblast
* Syr-Darya Oblast
* Turkestan
* Fergana

Priamurye|

* Amur
* Transbaikal
* Kamchatka
* Primorskaya
* Sakhalin

Caucasus Viceroyalty|

* Baku (Governorate)
* Black Sea
* Derbent
* Elizavetpol
* Erivan
* Georgia-Imeretia
* Georgia
* Kutaisi
* Shemakha
* Tiflis
* Armenian
* Batum
* Dagestan
* Imeretia
* Kars
* Kuban
* Terek
* Sukhumi
* Zakatal
* Baku (Gradonachalstvo)

Dependencies|

* Bukey Horde
* Emirate of Bukhara
* Khanate of Kokand
* Russian America
* *Uryankhay Krai²
* Khanate of Khiva
* Zeravshan Okrug

¹ Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914.
² An asterisk (+) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914.
³ Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.

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Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)

Capital: Tiflis (Tbilisi)

Special administrative divisions|

* Baku gradonachalstvo
* Zakatal okrug
* Sukhumi okrug

Governorates|

| Baku Governorate|

* Baku uezd
* Geokchay uezd
* Javad uezd
* Kuba uezd
* Lenkoran uezd
* Shemakha uezd

|

Elizavetpol Governorate|

* Aresh uezd
* Jevanshir uezd
* Elizavetpol uezd
* Zangezur uezd
* Kazakh uezd
* Jebrail uezd
* Nukha uezd
* Shusha uezd

Kutaisi Governorate|

* Zugdidi uezd
* Kutaisi uezd
* Lechkhumi uezd
* Ozurgeti uezd
* Racha uezd
* Senaki uezd
* Shorapani uezd

Tiflis Governorate|

* Akhalkalaki uezd
* Akhaltsikhe uezd
* Borchaly uezd
* Gori uezd
* Dusheti uezd
* Signakh uezd
* Telavi uezd
* Tiflis uezd
* Tionety uezd

Black Sea Governorate|

* Novorossiysky okrug
* Sochinsky okrug
* Tuapsinsky okrug

Erivan Governorate|

* Alexandropol uezd
* Nakhichevan uezd
* Nor Bayazet uezd
* Surmalu uezd
* Sharur-Daralayaz uezd
* Erivan uezd
* Etchmiadzin uezd

Oblasts|

| Batum oblast|

* Artvin okrug
* Batumi okrug

|

Dagestan oblast|

* Avarskiy okrug
* Andiyskiy okrug
* Gunibskiy okrug
* Darginskiy okrug
* Kazikumukhskiy okrug
* Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug
* Kyurinskiy okrug
* Samurskiy okrug
* Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug

Kars oblast|

* Ardahan okrug
* Kagizman okrug
* Kars okrug
* Olti okrug

Kuban oblast|

* Batalpashinsky otdel
* Yeysky otdel
* Yekaterinodarsky otdel
* Kavkazsky otdel
* Labinsky otdel
* Maykopsky otdel
* Tamansky otdel

Terek oblast|

* Vedensky okrug
* Vladikavkazsky okrug
* Groznensky okrug
* Nazran okrug
* Nalchiksky okrug
* Kizlyarsky otdel
* Mozdoksky otdel
* Pyatigorsky otdel
* Sunzhensky otdel
* Khasavyurtovsky okrug

42°49′00″N 47°07′00″E﻿ / ﻿42.8167°N 47.1167°E﻿ / 42.8167; 47.1167

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