Danish Defence Intelligence Service

Danish foreign intelligence organization

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Danish Defence Intelligence ServiceForsvarets Efterretningstjeneste

Logo of DDIS

Agency overview
Formed| 1 October 1950; 74 years ago (1950-10-01)
Jurisdiction| Government of Denmark
Headquarters| Copenhagen, Denmark
Annual budget| 975 million kr. (2019)[1]
Minister responsible|

* Troels Lund Poulsen (Venstre), Defence

Agency executive|

* Svend Larsen

Parent Agency| Ministry of Defence
Website| fe-ddis.dk

The Danish Defence Intelligence Service (DDIS; Danish: Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste, FE) is a Danish intelligence agency, responsible for Denmark's foreign intelligence, as well as being the Danish military intelligence service. DDIS is an agency under the Ministry of Defence and works under the responsibility of the Minister of Defence. It is housed at Kastellet, Copenhagen.

The DDIS gathers, analyses, and disseminates information concerning conditions of importance to Denmark's security, and to the security of Danish military units deployed on international missions. Intelligence activities include collection of information of political, financial, scientific and military interest.

DDIS works closely with the Danish Security and Intelligence Service, which is the intelligence arm of the Danish police, and the signals intelligence unit of the Intelligence Regiment.

## History

[edit]

Hans Lunding, first chief of a combined intelligence service, 1950–1963

The current name and basic organization dates from 1 October 1967, when Defence Staff's Intelligence Department (Danish: Forsvarsstabens Efterretningsafdeling), was detached from Defence Staff (Danish: Forsvarsstaben) by decree of the Ministry of Defence, as a separate authority of its own, located directly under the Ministry of Defence.

The origin can be traced back to the General Staff's Intelligence Section (Danish: Generalstabens Efterretningssektion) created 1911 and the Naval Staff's Intelligence Section (Danish: Marinestabens Efterretningssektion) created 1920s & served in World War I & II.[2][3] During the reconstruction of the Danish military following Denmark's joining of NATO, these two intelligence services were merged on 1 October 1950, as Defence Staff's Intelligence Section as a department under the newly erected combined military staff, the Defence Staff.

The origin of the Danish military intelligence is uncertain. 1911 appears in one of the few histories of the Danish military intelligence.[4] However 1903 has also been suggested as the year of the establishment of the military intelligence.[5]

During the Cold War, the military intelligence as well as the intelligence section of the police spied against and recorded the activities of the Danish left wing, communists and pacifists, among the later organisations and personalities in the Danish chapter of the War Resisters' International, the Danish Campaign against Nuclear Weapons and the Conscientious Objectors' Union. This is documented in the Danish Judge Advocate General's Corps: Report on the occasion of the examination by the Judge Advocates of certain matters related to Defence Intelligence Service and Conscientious Objectors' Union etc. in the period 1970-1978 (1999).[6]

In August 2020 Lars Findsen was relieved of duty "for the time being" and two other employees were also suspended after it was revealed the intelligence agency had broken laws and misled the intelligence watchdog.[7] The agency had been spying on Danish citizens from 2014 to 2020.[7] An investigation was launched after whistleblowers handed over information.[7] The agency is accused of failing to investigate espionage in the armed services and of obtaining and passing on information about Danish citizens.[7] The agency is also accused of concealing offences and failing to inform the intelligence agency watchdog.[7] In December 2021, Findsen and three others were arrested and charged with leaking top secret information.[8] On 13 December 2021, five days after Findsen's arrest a commission tasked with investigating the allegations leading to the suspensions cleared the intelligence agency and its employees of any wrongdoing.[9]

Defence minister Trine Bramsen said an investigation would be launched into the claims.[7] She said the investigation would be carried out "the utmost seriousness" and "It is important for me to emphasise that the fight against the threats against Denmark must not stop while the investigation is carried out".[7] Kaspar Wester of Danish news site OLFI said to BBC: "The supervisory agency suggests that Lars Findsen has played an active part in withholding information or even deliberately misinforming the supervisory agency. The fact that the head of the Danish Military Intelligence Service is a willing participant in circumventing the agency tasked with holding his own intelligence service legally accountable is mind-blowing and must be deeply concerning to the minister."[7] Wester said the investigation would aim to discover how the scandal had happened and how long it had gone on for.[7]

In May 2021, it was reported that DDIS collaborated with National Security Agency (NSA) to wiretap on fellow EU members and leaders,[10][11] leading to wide backlash among EU countries and demands for explanation from Danish and American governments.[12] As of August 2022 two of those charged had their charges dismissed, while Findsen remains charged and suspended.[13][14]

## Organisation

[edit]

* Executive Office
* Collection & Operations
* Analysis
* Development and Resources
* Centre for Cyber Security

## Stations

[edit]

### Sandagergård station

[edit]

The Sandagergård station near Copenhagen is an electronic reconnaissance base of FE to monitor data-based communication. Communication via submarine cables and other wires is evaluated here.[15] It was part of the Echelon network and the FE/NSA Operation Dunhammer.[16]

Another SIGINT post is located in Skibsbylejren near Hjørring in Jutland. There were also connections to the former Allied Command Baltic Approaches, the regional NATO command for the Baltic region at the Karup military base.

### Bornholm radar station

[edit]

The Bornholm radar station (Flyradarstation Bornholm (FRS Bornholm) and Flyverdetachment Bornholm (FLD Bornholm) is officially operated by the Danish Armed Forces Flyvevåbnet on the Baltic Sea island for air surveillance. The S-723 radar is a 3D reconnaissance radar system with a range of 500 km.

## Supervision and oversight

[edit]

Four organizations, independent of each other, do various auditing of FE for unauthorised conduct.

The service is directly responsible to the Defence Minister, which on behalf of the Government of Denmark supervises the overall actives and conduct of the service. The DDIS is, as Danish Security Intelligence Service is, subject to regularly control by the TET which is controlled by the Ministry of Justice. It is also subject to Folketingets control committee, which was established by law no. 378 of July 6, 1988. And finally, as all Danish government agencies, FE is subject to control by Rigsrevisionen (Government audit committee), to ensure that the money granted to the institution is spent as Folketinget has decided.

## See also

[edit]

* Operation Dunhammer
* Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)
* Danish Security and Intelligence Service (PET), civilian counterpart

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Danish Defence Intelligence Service (19 June 2015). "Budget". fe-ddis.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
2. ^ "Intelligence and Espionage (Denmark) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)".
3. ^ West, Nigel (12 November 2007). Historical Dictionary of World War II Intelligence. ISBN 9780810864214.
4. ^ William Christmas-Møller's Obersten og Kommandøren: Efterretningstjeneste, sikkerhedspolitik og socialdemokrati 1945-55. Gyldendal, 1995 p. 25\. and p. 29.
5. ^ Underbilag A. til bilag 247 in: Dokumentfortegnelse og særlige Bilag. Kommissionen til Undersøgelse og Overvejelse af Hæren og Flaadens fremtidige Ordning / the report from the Danish Defence Commission of 1922. Copenhagen, . J. H. Schultz, 1922. - 306 pp. ; p. 299
6. ^ Rohleder, Niels (18 August 1999). "FE-Chief Went Beyond What is Considered Appropriate". Informationen (in Danish). Dagbladet Information. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Danish military intelligence head Lars Findsen suspended". BBC News. 24 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
8. ^ Fastrup, Niels; Ilsoe, Trine; Quass, Lisbeth; Dalsgaard, Louise (January 10, 2022). "Secret PET task force eavesdropped on spy chief Lars Findsen for months to reveal leaks to the media". DR (broadcaster). Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. "A month ago, PET's investigation culminated when Lars Findsen and three others were arrested on December 8 and charged with leaking top secret information."
9. ^ "Kommission afviser hård kritik af Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste" [Commission refutes severe criticism of military intelligence]. nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 2021-12-13. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
10. ^ "Danish secret service helped US spy on Germany's Angela Merkel: report". Deutsche Welle. 30 May 2021.
11. ^ "How Denmark became the NSA's listening post in Europe". France 24. 1 June 2021.
12. ^ "NSA spying row: US and Denmark pressed over allegations". BBC News. 31 May 2021.
13. ^ "Lars Findsen: Dybt krænkende at detaljer om privatliv er delt" [Lars Findsen: Profoundly violating that details of private life have been shared]. dr.dk (in Danish). 2022-06-28. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
14. ^ "Kan Lars Findsen også få droppet sigtelsen mod sig? Her er en eksperts bud" [Can Lars Findsen also have the charges against him dropped? Here is an experts bet]. berlingske.dk (in Danish). 2022-08-04. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
15. ^ "NSA-Abhöraffäre: Dänischer Dienst half der NSA". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). 2021-05-31. ISSN 0931-9085. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
16. ^ Davies, Harry (2023-10-02). "Scandinavian spy drama: the intelligence chief who came under state surveillance". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2025-02-10.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

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Danish Defence

Royal Danish Army Royal Danish Navy Royal Danish Air Force Danish Home Guard

Command organisations|

* Defence Command
* Defence Staff
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* Naval Command
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Leadership|

* Chief of Defence
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Higher education facilities|

* Royal Danish Defence College
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Units|

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Navy|

* 1st Squadron
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Special Forces|

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Ranks and insignia|

* Ranks
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National intelligence agencies

Foreign
intelligence|

* Afghanistan: GDI
* Albania: SHISH
* Algeria: DRS
* Angola: SIE
* Argentina: SIDE
* Armenia: NSS
* Austria: DSN
* Australia: ASIS
* Azerbaijan: XKX
* Bahrain: NSA
* Bangladesh: NSI
* Belarus: KGB RB
* Belgium: ADIV/SGRS
* Bosnia and Herzegovina: OSA-OBA
* Botswana: DIS
* Brazil: ABIN
* Brunei: BRD
* Bulgaria: DAR
* Cameroon: BMM
* Canada: CSIS
* Chad: ANS
* Chile: ANI
* China: MSS
* Congo (Democratic Republic of): ANR
* Croatia: SOA
* Cuba: DI
* Czech Republic: ÚZSI
* Denmark: FE
* Djibouti: BSRG
* Ecuador: SENAIN
* Egypt: Mukhabarat
* Estonia: EFIS
* Ethiopia: NISS
* France: DGSE
* Gambia: SIS
* Georgia: GIS
* Germany: BND
* Ghana: BNI, BGU, RDU
* Greece: EYP
* Hungary: IH
* India: RAW
* Indonesia: BIN
* Iran: VAJA
* Iraq: INIS
* Ireland: G2
* Israel: Mossad
* Italy: AISE
* Ivory Coast: NSC
* Japan: CIRO
* Jordan: GID
* Kazakhstan: Syrbar
* Kenya: NIS
* Kyrgyzstan: UKMK
* Kuwait: KSS
* Latvia: SAB
* Liberia: NSA
* Lithuania: VSD
* Lebanon: GDGS
* Libya: MJ
* Malaysia: MEIO
* Mexico: CISEN
* Moldova: SIS
* Mongolia: GIA
* Montenegro: ANB
* Morocco: DGED
* Mozambique: SISE
* Netherlands: AIVD
* New Zealand: NZSIS
* Nigeria: NIA
* North Korea: RGB
* Republic of North Macedonia: ANB
* Norway: E-tjenesten
* Oman: Palace Office
* Pakistan: ISI
* Palestine: GIS
* Papua New Guinea: NIO
* Philippines: NICA
* Poland: AW
* Portugal: SIED
* Qatar: QSS
* Romania: SIE
* Russia: SVR
* Saudi Arabia: GIP
* Serbia: BIA
* Sierra Leone: CISU
* Singapore: SID
* Slovakia: SIS
* Slovenia: SOVA
* Somalia: NISA
* South Africa: SSA
* South Korea: NIS
* Spain: CNI
* Sri Lanka: SIS
* Sudan: GIS
* Sweden: KSI
* Switzerland: NDB
* Syria: GIS
* Taiwan: NSB
* Tajikistan: GKNB
* Tanzania: TISS
* Thailand: NIA
* Togo: NIA
* Tunisia: TIA
* Turkey: MİT
* Turkmenistan: MNS
* Uganda: ESO
* Ukraine: SZRU
* United Arab Emirates: SIA
* United Kingdom: SIS (MI6)
* United States: CIA
* Uzbekistan: SSS
* Vietnam: TC2

Domestic
intelligence|

* Algeria: CSS
* Angola: SINSE
* Argentina: SIDE
* Armenia: NSS
* Australia: ASIO
* Austria: DSN
* Azerbaijan: DTX
* Bangladesh: SB
* Belarus: KGB RB
* Belgium: VS/SE
* Bosnia and Herzegovina: SIPA
* Botswana: DIS
* Brazil: PF
* Brunei: IRD
* Bulgaria: DANS
* Burundi: SNR
* Canada: CSIS
* Chad: DGSSIE
* Chile: ANI
* China: MSS
* Colombia: DNI
* Congo (Democratic Republic of): ANR
* Croatia: SOA
* Czech Republic: BIS
* Denmark: PET
* Egypt: EHS
* Estonia: KAPO
* Finland: SUPO
* France: DGSI
* Georgia: SSSG
* Germany: BfV, LfV
* Ghana: GPS, CID
* Greece: EYP
* Hong Kong: NSD, CPGNSO
* Hungary: AH
* India: IB
* Indonesia: Baintelkam Polri (id), BIN
* Iran: VAJA, IRGC, PAVA
* Ireland: CSB, SDU, NSU
* Israel: Shin Bet
* Italy: AISI
* Japan: NPA, TMPD PSB, PSIA
* Kazakhstan: NSC
* Kenya: NIS
* Kosovo: AKI
* Latvia: VDD
* Lithuania: STT
* Lebanon: ISF IB, LSS
* Luxembourg: SREL
* Macau: DS
* Malaysia: SB
* Moldova: SIS
* Morocco: DGST
* Netherlands: NCTV
* New Zealand: NZSIS
* Nigeria: SSS
* North Korea: SSD
* Republic of North Macedonia: IA
* Norway: PST
* Oman: ISS
* Pakistan: IB, FIA
* Palestine: PPS
* Paraguay: SNI
* Peru: DINI
* Philippines: NBI, NICA
* Poland: ABW, SOP, SM
* Portugal: SIS
* Romania: SRI
* Russia: FSB
* Saudi Arabia: Mabahith
* Serbia: BIA
* Singapore: ISD
* Somalia: NISA
* South Africa: SSA
* South Korea: Intelligence Bureau, KNPA
* Spain: CITCO
* Sri Lanka: SIS
* Sweden: SÄPO
* Switzerland: NDB
* Syria: GIS
* Taiwan: MJIB
* Thailand: ISOC, SB
* Togo: ANR
* Turkey: MİT, İB
* Uganda: ISO
* Ukraine: SBU
* United Kingdom: Security Service (MI5), NDEDIU, NCA, NBIS
* United States: I&A (DHS), ID (HSI), IB (FBI), ONSI (DEA), OSII (ATF)
* Uzbekistan: SNB
* Venezuela: SEBIN
* Vietnam: TC5 (vi)
* Zimbabwe: CIO

Military
intelligence|

* Algeria: DCSA
* Angola: SIM
* Australia: DIO
* Austria: HNaA
* Bangladesh: DGFI
* Belarus: GRU MO RB
* Belgium: ADIV/SGRS
* Brazil: DIE
* Canada: CFINTCOM
* Chad: DGSSIE
* China: CMC JSD Intelligence Bureau
* Congo (Democratic Republic of): DEMIAP
* Croatia: VSOA
* Cuba: DCIM
* Czech Republic: VZ
* Denmark: FE
* Egypt: DMISR
* Finland: PE TIEDOS
* France: DRM, DGSE
* Germany: MAD
* Ghana: MIU
* Hungary: KNBSZ
* Iran: General Staff, SAHEFAJA, SAHEFASA, SAHEFAVEDJA
* India: DMI, DIA
* Indonesia: BAIS TNI, Pusintelad
* Ireland: G2
* Israel: Aman
* Italy: CII
* Japan: DIH
* Kazakhstan: NSC
* Lithuania: AOTD
* Malaysia: DIO
* Maldives: MNDF
* Morocco: DB
* Myanmar: Sa Ya Pa
* Netherlands: MIVD
* New Zealand: DDIS
* Nigeria: DIA
* North Korea: RGB
* Republic of North Macedonia: MSSI
* Norway: E-tjenesten
* Pakistan: MI, NI, AI
* Palestine: MIS
* Philippines: ISAFP
* Poland: SKW, SWW
* Portugal: CISMIL
* Romania: DGIA
* Russia: GRU
* Saudi Arabia: AFISC
* Serbia: VBA, VOA
* Singapore: MIO
* Slovakia: VS
* Slovenia: OVS
* South Africa: SANDF-ID
* South Korea: DIA, DCC
* Spain: CIFAS
* Sri Lanka: DMI
* Sweden: MUST
* Switzerland: MND, LWND
* Syria: MI, AFID
* Taiwan: MIB
* Thailand: AFSC
* Turkey: GENKUR İ.D.B.
* Ukraine: HUR MO
* United Kingdom: DI
* United States: DIA
* ONI
* MIC
* USAFI
* MCI
* CGI
* NSIC
* Venezuela: DGCIM
* Vietnam: TC2

Signals
intelligence|

* Australia: ASD
* Bangladesh: NTMC
* Brazil: 2ª Sch/EMD
* Canada: CSE
* China: SIGINT
* Croatia: OTC
* Ethiopia: INSA
* Finland: PVTIEDL
* France: DGSE, DRSD
* Germany: BND
* Ghana: RDU
* India: JCB, NTRO
* Indonesia: BSSN (id)
* Ireland: CIS
* Israel: 8200
* Japan: DIH
* Kazakhstan: NSC
* Netherlands: NSO, JSCU
* New Zealand: GCSB
* North Korea: RGB
* Norway: NSM
* Pakistan: JSIB
* Poland: AW, ABW, SKW, SWW, NCBC, gOR 3.FO, CRiWWRE, 2.ORel, 6.ORel, JW NIL
* Romania: STS
* Russia: Spetssvyaz
* Saudi Arabia: PSS
* South Africa: SSA
* Spain: CCN
* Sweden: FRA
* Switzerland: NDB
* Syria: MI
* Turkey: MİT-SİB
* UAE: SIA
* Ukraine: Derzhspetszviazok
* United Kingdom: GCHQ
* United States: NSA

Imagery
intelligence|

* Australia: AGO
* Finland: PVTIEDL
* India: DAI
* Indonesia: BIG
* Israel: Air Intelligence Group
* Malaysia: MaCGDI
* New Zealand: GEOINT NZ
* Poland: AW, SWW, ORO, 12.BBSP, JW NIL
* Pakistan: Air Intelligence
* Philippines: NMARSC
* Portugal: CIGeoE
* Russia: TsVTI GRU
* United Kingdom: DGIFC
* United States: NGA

Financial
intelligence|

* Argentina: UIF
* Australia: AUSTRAC
* Azerbaijan: MMX
* Bangladesh: FIU
* Brazil: COAF
* Canada: FINTRAC
* Fiji: FIU
* France: Tracfin, DNRED
* Iceland: SR
* India: CEIB
* Indonesia: PPATK
* Ireland: GNECB
* Italy: UIF
* Lithuania (FNTT)
* Malta: FIAU
* Mexico: UIF
* Netherlands: FIOD
* Poland: GIIF, SCS, CBA
* Qatar: FIU
* Russia: Rosfinmonitoring
* Saudi Arabia: GDOFI
* Spain: SVA, SEPBLAC
* Turkey: MASAK
* United Kingdom: NCA
* United States: TFI
* Vatican: ASIF

Criminal
intelligence|

* Argentina: DNIC
* Australia: ACIC
* Bangladesh: CID
* Canada: CISC
* Finland: NBI
* India: CBI
* Indonesia: Baintelkam Polri (id)
* Italy: DIA, DIGOS
* Philippines: NBI, PNP-IG
* Poland: BWiIK KGP, CBŚP, ZOŚ KGSG, ZK KGŻW
* Romania:  DGPI
* South Africa: Crime Intelligence Division
* Spain: CGI, SIGC, CGPJ, UCO
* United States: IB (FBI), ONSI (DEA), OSII (ATF), ID (HSI)
* United Kingdom: NCA

Intelligence
community|

* Australia
* Bangladesh
* Croatia
* France
* India
* Israel
* Italy
* New Zealand
* Pakistan
* Russia
* United Kingdom
* United States

Intelligence
alliances|

* Club de Berne
* Five Eyes
* Maximator
* Egmont Group

Defunct
agencies|

* Imperial Japan: Tokko
* Ming Dynasty: Embroidered Uniform Guard, Eastern Depot, Western Depot [zh], Internal Depot [zh]
* Republic of China: NBIS
* Nazi Germany: Gestapo, Sicherheitsdienst
* Soviet Union: NKVD, KGB
* United Kingdom: DMI
* United States: Office of Strategic Services
* Yugoslavia: KOS

Related
topics|

* Espionage (List of intelligence agencies)
* Leaks
* Diplomatic cable leaks
* NSA leaks
* CIA leaks
* Great Firewall of China
* Mass surveillance in China
* Law enforcement
* Interpol
* Security agency
* Surveillance
* Big Brother
* Call detail record
* Carnivore
* Dishfire
* ECHELON
* PRISM
* Stone Ghost
* Turbulence (NSA programme)
* National security
* Surveillance issues in smart cities

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Authority control databases

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* ISNI
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