Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)

Campaign during the Syrian Civil War

Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)

Part of the Syrian civil war
| Date| 3 February – 27 May 2014
(3 months, 3 weeks and 3 days)

|

Location|

Daraa Governorate, Quneitra Governorate, and As-Suwayda Governorate, Syria

Result|

Indecisive

* Rebels capture the Gharaz central prison,[2] Daraa grain silos,[3] three villages,[4][5] five strategic hills,[6][7][8][9][10] Battalion 508[5] and Brigade 61 HQ.[6][11]
* Rebels temporarily lift the siege of Nawa,[4] before it was besieged again[12]
* Rebel attack on Busra al-Sham repelled[13]
* Army captures two areas south of Quneitra city,[14] and Tal Buraq hill[15]

Belligerents

Free Syrian Army
Islamic Front

* Ahrar ash-Sham[1]

Al-Nusra Front[1]|

Syria

* Syrian Armed Forces
* National Defense Force

Hezbollah

Arab Nationalist Guard
Commanders and leaders
Brig. Gen. Abdul-Ilah al-Bashir
(FSA Chief of Staff, 16 February 2014–present)[16]
Col. Ahmad Al-Na’meh[17]
Brig. Gen. Salim Idris
(FSA Chief of Staff, until 16 February 2014)[18]|

Maj. Gen. Suheil Salman Hassan
(5th Armoured Division)

Fauzi Ayub †
(Senior Hezbollah commander)[19]
Units involved
58 light armament battalions[20]|

5th Armoured Division (Syria)

* 12th Armored Brigade
* 15th Mechanized Brigade
* 112th Mechanized Brigade
* 132nd Mechanized Brigade
* 175th Artillery Regiment

9th Armored Division

* 52nd Armored Brigade[21]

Strength
30,000 fighters, according to unnamed "opposition websites"[22]|  17,000 soldiers and militiamen[citation needed]

* v
* t
* e

Syrian civil war

Timeline

*     * January–April 2012
* May–August 2012
* September–December 2012
* January–April 2013
* May–December 2013
* January–July 2014
* August–December 2014
* January–July 2015
* August–December 2015
* January–April 2016
* May–August 2016
* September–December 2016
* January–April 2017
* May–August 2017
* September–December 2017
* January–April 2018
* May–August 2018
* September–December 2018
* January–April 2019
* May–August 2019
* September–December 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023

* * *

* Background and causes
* Casualties
* Cities
* map
* Terrorism
* Massacres

* v
* t
* e

UN ceasefire; Rebel advances (May 2012 – Dec. 2013)

* 3rd Rastan
* Houla
* Northern Homs
* Al-Haffah
* Al-Qubeir
* Al-Tremseh
* 3rd Idlib Gov.
* 1st Damascus
* Bombing
* Aleppo
* Anadan
* Menagh Air Base
* Base 46
* Khan al-Assal
* 1st Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Aleppo offensive
* Syrian Kurdistan and Kurdish–Islamist conflict
* Hasaka campaign
* Ras al-Ayn
* al-Yaarubiyah
* Tell Hamis and Tell Brak
* Tell Abyad
* Nubl & Al-Zahraa
* 2nd Rif Dimashq (1st Darayya)
* Abu al-Duhur Airbase
* Quneitra Gov.
* 3rd Rif Dimashq
* 1st Yarmouk camp
* 2nd Darayya
* Darayya & Muadamiyat
* Aqrab
* 1st Hama offensive
* Halfaya
* 1st Safira
* Shadadeh
* 2nd Damascus
* 1st Raqqa campaign (1st Raqqa)
* 1st Daraa offensive
* 4th Rif Dimashq
* Jdaidet al-Fadl
* Tadamon
* Ghouta
* Al-Qusayr offensive
* 2nd al-Qusayr
* Eastern Ghouta
* 2nd Hama offensive
* Bayda and Baniyas
* 1st Latakia offensive
* Ma'loula
* Sadad
* 5th Rif Dimashq
* 1st Qalamoun
* Adra

* v
* t
* e

Rise of the Islamic State (Jan. – Sept. 2014)

* Inter-rebel conflict
* Northern Aleppo
* Markada
* 1st Deir ez-Zor offensive
* al-Otaiba ambush
* Maan
* Hosn
* Morek
* 2nd Daraa offensive
* 2nd Latakia offensive
* 4th Idlib Gov.
* Al-Malihah
* 2nd Wadi Deif
* 2nd Qalamoun
* Arsal
* Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)
* 1st Shaer gas field
* 1st Eastern Syria
* Tabqa Airbase
* 3rd Hama offensive
* 6th Rif Dimashq
* 1st Quneitra
* Kobanî

* v
* t
* e

U.S.-led intervention, Rebel & ISIL advances (Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)

* U.S.-led intervention
* Homs school bombing
* 3rd Daraa offensive
* 2nd Safira
* 2014 Idlib city raid
* Nusra–FSA conflict
* 2nd Shaer gas field
* 1st Al-Shaykh Maskin
* 2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 3rd Aleppo offensive
* An-26 crash
* 4th Daraa offensive
* Southern Syria
* Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
* 1st Sarrin
* Hama/Homs offensive
* Bosra
* 5th Idlib Gov
* 2nd Idlib city
* Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya
* Nasib
* 2nd Yarmouk camp
* 1st Northwestern Syria
* 3rd Qalamoun
* 1st Palmyra
* Western al-Hasakah offensive
* 1st Al-Hasakah city
* Tell Abyad
* Daraa/As-Suwayda
* 2nd Quneitra
* 2nd Sarrin
* 5th Daraa
* 2nd Al-Hasakah city
* 2nd Kobanî
* 4th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Zabadani
* 2nd Palmyra
* Al-Ghab
* 1st al-Qaryatayn
* Douma market
* 7th Rif Dimashq
* Kuweires offensive

* v
* t
* e

Russian intervention (Sept. 2015 – March 2016)

* Russian intervention
* 3rd Quneitra
* 2nd Northwestern Syria
* 3rd Latakia offensive
* Su-24 shootdown
* 5th Aleppo offensive
* al-Hawl
* Homs offensive
* 6th Aleppo offensive
* 4th Hama offensive
* Tell Tamer
* Tishrin Dam
* 2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin
* al-Qamishli bombings
* Orontes River
* 3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 1st Sayyidah Zaynab
* 7th Aleppo offensive
* 1st Ithriyah-Raqqa
* Al-Shaddadi
* Homs bombings
* 2nd Sayyidah Zaynab
* Khanasir
* 2nd Tel Abyad
* Al-Tanf
* 2nd Al-Qaryatayn
* 3rd Palmyra
* 2nd Maarat al-Nu'man

* v
* t
* e

Aleppo escalation and Euphrates Shield (March 2016 – February 2017)

* 8th Aleppo offensive
* 6th Daraa
* 9th–11th Aleppo offensives
* Al-Dumayr
* 1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
* 1st Qamishli
* Aleppo bombings
* 8th Rif Dimashq
* 3rd Shaer gas field
* Northern Raqqa
* Jableh & Tartus
* Manbij
* Tokhar
* 2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa
* 9th Rif Dimashq
* 12th–14th Aleppo offensives
* 12th
* 13th
* 14th
* 4th Latakia offensive
* 1st Abu Kamal
* 3rd Qamishli
* Atmeh
* al-Rai
* 3rd Al-Hasakah City
* Operation Euphrates Shield
* Northern al-Bab
* Dabiq
* al-Bab
* 5th Hama offensive
* 1st Western al-Bab
* 1st Eastern Qalamoun
* September bombings
* 4th Quneitra
* Deir ez-Zor airstrike
* Aleppo aid convoy attack
* 15th Aleppo offensive
* Khan al-Shih
* 1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Western al-Bab
* 16th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Raqqa campaign
* 17th Aleppo offensive
* 4th Palmyra
* Wadi Barada
* 1st Syrian Desert
* Azaz bombings
* 5th Palmyra
* 4th Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 18th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 7th Daraa
* Qaboun
* 8th Daraa

* v
* t
* e

Collapse of Islamic State in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017)

* Eastern Homs offensive
* al-Jina mosque
* 6th Hama offensive
* Tabqa
* Khan Shaykhun
* US Shayrat strike
* Aleppo bus bombing
* April 2017 Turkish airstrikes
* 2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Syrian Desert
* Maskanah
* East Hama
* 2nd Raqqa
* 9th Daraa
* Southern Raqqa
* Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike
* Ja'din
* Jobar
* 5th Quneitra
* Central Syria
* 3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 4th Qalamoun
* Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)
* 2nd Eastern Syria
* Deir ez-Zor city
* Euphrates Crossing
* Mayadin
* 2nd Abu Kamal
* 7th Hama offensive

* v
* t
* e

Rebels in retreat and Operation Olive Branch
(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)

* 3rd Northwestern Syria
* Atarib
* Harasta
* Beit Jinn
* 3rd Syrian Desert
* 5th Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 1st Southern Damascus
* Olive Branch
* Afrin
* SDF insurgency
* Khasham
* Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident
* 10th Rif Dimashq (Douma)
* 4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Southern Damascus
* U.S.-led missile strikes
* Northern Homs
* 2nd Eastern Qalamoun
* 3rd Southern Damascus
* Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes
* House of Cards
* 1st As-Suwayda
* 2nd Southern Syria
* 2nd As-Suwayda
* 3rd As-Suwayda
* 2nd Qamishli

* v
* t
* e

Idlib demilitarization
(Sep. 2018 – April 2019)

* Idlib demilitarization
* 5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* Sep. 2018 missile strikes
* Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike
* Northern border clashes
* Daraa insurgency
* Manbij bombing
* Baghuz Fawqani
* U.S. airstrike

* v
* t
* e

First Idlib offensive, Operation Peace Spring, & Second Idlib offensive (April 2019 – March 2020)

* 4th Northwestern
* Tell Rifaat
* Raqqa & Azaz
* Hass
* Aug Israeli missile strikes
* Peace Spring (2nd Ras al-Ayn)
* Kayla Mueller
* Northern bombings
* Nov Israeli missile strikes
* Qah
* 5th Northwestern
* Balyun
* Spring Shield
* 2nd U.S. missile strikes
* 1st Daraa

* v
* t
* e

Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present)

* Afrin
* 6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* Ayn Issa
* Deir ez-Zor ambush
* Qamishli & Al-Hasakah
* Jan 2021 Israeli missile strikes
* Feb 2021 Israeli missile strikes
* Feb 2021 US airstrike
* 3rd Qamishli
* June 2021 US airstrike
* 2nd Daraa
* Damascus bus bombing
* 7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 3rd Al-Hasakah city
* Abu Khashab
* 1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
* Jabal al-Bishrī
* Jarqli
* 2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
* Al-Sabboura
* Claw-Sword
* Northwestern clashes
* Al-Taim
* Al-Sukhnah
* Damascus airstrike

* v
* t
* e

Syrian War spillover and international incidents

* Lebanon spillover
* Lebanese–Syrian border
* Sidon
* Iranian embassy bombing
* North Lebanon clashes

* * *

* Syrian–Turkish border incidents
* Turkish F4 shootdown
* Reyhanlı bombings
* Turkish occupation of northern Syria
* Kurdish riots

* * *

* Jordanian–Syrian border incidents

* * *

* Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line
* February 2018 incident
* May 2018 incident

* * *

* Iraqi–Syrian border incidents
* Akashat
* al-Shabah
* Western Nineveh
* Western Iraq

* * *

* Spillover in Iran
* 2017 Tehran attacks
* 2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike

* * *

* Spillover in Turkey
* Russian Su-24 shootdown
* Andrei Karlov
* Balyun airstrikes
* Kafr Takharim airstrikes

* * *

* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

* * *

* * *

* Spillover in Europe

* v
* t
* e

Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war

Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian Arab Republic

* Russian involvement
* 2015 military intervention
* Iranian involvement
* 2017 missile strike
* Iran–Israel conflict
* 2012 Hezbollah involvement

Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian Rebels

* Foreign rebel fighters
* Turkish involvement
* Turkey–ISIL conflict
* Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation
* Euphrates Shield
* 2017 airstrikes
* Idlib Governorate operation
* Afrin operation
* 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
* Israel's role

U.S.-led intervention against ISIL

* U.S.-led Intervention
* Timeline
* List of attacks
* 2014 rescue operation
* May 2015 raid
* 2017 missile strikes
* Qatari involvement
* Jordanian intervention
* Operation Martyr Muath
* Lebanon's role
* Saudi involvement
* 2018 bombing
* Dutch involvement
* German intervention
* French intervention
* Australian intervention
* UK intervention

The 2014 Daraa offensive (also known as the Battle of Geneva Houran) was a campaign during the Syrian Civil War launched by rebel forces, including the Free Syrian Army and the Islamic Front and Al-Nusra Front, to push back government forces in the Daraa Governorate, Quneitra Governorate, and As-Suwayda Governorate, in southwestern Syria, and thus opening the road to Damascus.[23]

The offensive was launched on 3 February 2014 and declared after a meeting between FSA battalions and Islamic factions, which established a joint operations room.[24] It was also reported that the FSA operations rooms in Daraa, Damascus and Quneitra were incorporated in this joint operations room as well.[20] Local rebel commanders stated that thousands of rebels who had western military training would be involved in the Daraa offensive. The Persian Gulf states had promised to send rebels in Daraa large amounts of weaponry, including anti tank weapons and air missiles.[25]

## Offensive[edit]

### Start of the offensive, Army counter-attack and stalemate[edit]

In the first days of the offensive, it was reported that rebels captured the Atman checkpoint in Daraa, destroying another one[20] and captured Army positions around the town of Atman.[26]

On 14 February 49 rebel groups affiliated with the FSA announced that they united under one armed entity called Southern Front.[27] That same day a car bomb killed at least 33 people (including 12 rebel fighters) in the rebel-held village of Yabuda. Activists accused the Syrian government to be behind the attack.[28] It was also reported that 22 people (including 19 civilians) were killed by air strikes on rebel-held areas in Daraa province.[29]

On 16 February, Brigadier General Salim Idris was dismissed and replaced by Brigadier General Abdul-Ilah al-Bashir as FSA Chief of Staff.[16] The same day, rebels captured an Army checkpoint in the village of Western Gharia, but lost it the next day.[30]

On 18 February, rebels from the town of Busra al-Harir, in the eastern part of Daraa province attacked and captured the military outpost known as the Chemicals Battalion or Kimyaa Battalion, west of Dwera village, but the Syrian Army recaptured it hours later. During the fighting, 22 soldiers and dozens of rebels were killed or injured.[13][31] In conjunction with the attack on the post, rebels attacked the city of Busra al-Sham, near Daraa's border with the southwest of Suwaida province. However, government forces were able to repulse the attack. For its part, the Army launched a surprise offensive during the morning using tanks and air strikes against the villages of al-Hajjeh, al-Dawayeh al-Kubra, al-Sughra, Bir Ajam and al-Buraika in the central and southern parts of al-Quneitra.[13]

On 19 February, the Syrian Air Force began heavy air raids on rebel positions in Daraa governorate, as rebel fighters were preparing for a major push towards Damascus in the following days.[32]

On 22 February, according to a military source, government forces captured the areas of Rasm al-Hour and Rasm al-Sad, south of the town of Quneitra. The SOHR confirmed troops were on the offensive, with the Air Force also taking part in the attack.[14]

On 23 February, nine rebel groups (including Jabhat Al-Nusra and Ahrar Al Sham) announced the start of a new battle focused on eight military zones belonging to the 61st Brigade in western Daraa countryside.[1]

On the night of 25 February, rebels, led by the Al-Nusra Front, made an attempt to capture the Tal al-Jabiyah military facility, which reportedly contained chemical weapons. International military commanders based in Jordan warned the rebels to leave the weapons alone and hand them over to them in the case they capture the bunker complex or an Israeli airstrike would be called in on the location. The rebels agreed. However, by the next day, rebels were still pushing to take control of Tal Al Jabiyeh. The Amman command centre than halted all weapons supplies to the assaulting forces, apparently in a successful effort to delay their advance on the bunker. Without supplies, the rebels were forced to consolidate their positions around the base and not seek to capture it. Over the next two days, government reinforcements arrived and by 1 March the military managed to push back the rebels.[33]

On 26 February, the Syrian Army tried to advance towards the towns of Inkhil and Nawa [34] and reinforced their positions to the south of the village of Al-Nuaimeh the next day, while the rebels tightened the siege they had imposed on Army checkpoints in the area, in an attempt to block reinforcements from reaching government troops.[35]

On 11 March, the Syrian Air Force conducted seven airstrikes on rebel-held areas in southern Daraa province, while the district of Daraa Al-Balad was bombarded by the 285th battalion.[36]

On 19 March, the rebels took control of the central Gharaz prison in Daraa province[2] after the Syrian Army retreated towards the grain silos. An opposition source stated that 294 prisoners were freed.[37] Other sources stated that about 300 to 400 prisoners were freed and claimed that the vehicle training grounds to the south of the prison and a “secret facility” were also captured by the rebels.[38] After the capture of the prison, the battlefront shifted towards the silos in an attempt by the rebels to take control of them.[37]

As of 20 March, rebels in Daraa were unable to progress north past the line of government-held towns at Nawa, Sheikh Maskeen and Izraa. The Army had also taken up defensive positions, but it could not attack from these positions. Overall, a stalemate ensued. The main reason for the lack of a rebel advance was said to be that no new weapons had arrived across the border from Jordan.[39]

On 21 March, rebels captured the grain silos and the Gharz gas station, located near the Daraa Gharaz prison. Rebels also claimed to have seized armoured vehicles after the fighting. After the capture of the silos, heavy clashes broke out on the perimeter of the Qussad military checkpoint, while the Syrian Air Force bombarded the Gharz area.[3] The SOHR reported by the end of the day that the rebels also took the Qussad military checkpoint.[40]

### Renewed rebel advance and FSA-Nusra tension[edit]

On 7 April, rebels captured one of the twin military hills of Tulul al-Humur in Quneitra province after it was besieged for weeks.[41]

On 14 April, rebels advanced towards Tal al-Jabiyah hill, which is one of several that are part of the Brigade 61 Army base and is the main one protecting the base from the west, after capturing several bunker positions throughout the area earlier in the year.[42] By 24 April, rebels captured Tal al-Jabiyah hill[6] and the village of Al Sekkariyyi, near Nawa.[4] The rebels seized two tanks and large caches of weapons.[43] The Army reportedly retreated to a nearby base after losing the hill.[44] The next day the Army made an attempt to recapture the hill which was unsuccessful.[45] Overall 49 rebels and 62 government fighters were killed during the two days of fighting for the hill.[46] On 26 April, it was reported that the Army started to retreat from areas surrounding Tal al-Jabiyah hill,[47] while rebels were focusing on capturing Tal Jamu hill, five kilometers from Tal al-Jabiyah, in an attempt to link up their territory in Daraa with rebel territory in Quneitra province.[48] Later that day, rebels reportedly seized Brigade 61 and the Tayroz checkpoint near Nawa.[49]

On 27 April, rebels reportedly took control of large parts of the strategic area of eastern Tal al-Ahmar.[8] It was later reported that the rebels fully captured eastern Tal Al Ahmar,[50] while the Army captured 'Tal Buraq' hill, near Mashara, without any resistance, on the 29th.[15]

On 1 May, it was reported that rebels captured 508 Antitank Battalion, the village of Tira[5] and the 'Tal Ashtara' hill.[7] The same day, the FSA-affiliated Southern Syrian Revolutionary Front was established, consisting of some 20 rebel groups.[17] Three days later, several rebel commanders belonging to this front (including the commander: Colonel Ahmad Al-Na’meh) were arrested by the al-Nusra front.[51] This incident evoked tension in Daraa, with some moderate rebels saying that they will attack al-Nusra Front if the commanders are not released from custody. A mediation committee had been set up to deal with the case, involving leading figures from both sides, as well as tribal sheikhs. Colonel Ahmad Al-Na’meh was forced to make a confession on video after four days of detainment.[52]

On 5 May, rebels announced the start of a new offensive called "Allahu Akbar” in the aim to capture the Matouq al-Kabir hill, Matouq al-Saghir hill and Kharbat Fadi area on the perimeter of Inkhil city. Heavy clashes erupted on the perimeter of these hills and the 115th division, resulting in casualties on both sides and a damaged ZSU-23-4 "Shilka". Both hills were captured after three days of fighting.[9] It was also reported that seven rebels were killed by a pipeline explosion between Nasib and the Gharz area,[53] and that one of the previously arrested rebel leaders was released by the Al-Nusra Front.[54]

On 6 May, rebels captured the Syrian Colonel Mohammad Hassan Kanaan on the highway between Damascus and Daraa. Kanaan was one of the 24 people who nominated themselves to stand in the 3 June presidential election.[55] It was also reported that an emir in the al-Nusra Front and his wife were assassinated by a car bomb.[56]

On 8 May, rebels launched a military operation against al-Qahtania, al-Hamedia, Quneitra Crossing and the al-Rawadi checkpoint in Quneitra province.[57] The Army launched a counter-attack after rebels captured al-Qahtania village.[58]

On 15 May, rebels detonated a 'tunnel bomb' in the Al-Manshiyah district of Daraa city after announcing a new offensive.[59]

### New Army counter-attack[edit]

On 16 May 2014, the Army launched a counter-attack, firing 100 rockets and carrying out 15 air strikes on Nawa.[60] The focus of the government offensive were Nawa, Inkhil, Jasem and Deraa city.[61] The next day, the military recaptured Tal al-Jabiyah hill. The military was also attempting to advance towards western and eastern Tal al-Ahmar in an attempt to prevent rebels from advancing toward Quneitra.[62] A deal was also reportedly reached under which 2,000 rebels would be granted safe passage to evacuate from Jassem, which overlooks southern Daraa. The deal was set to expire within 48 hours.[63] The same day, the Iranian Fars news agency claimed government troops had captured Um Al-Awsaj, opening the road connecting al-Sanamein-Zamreen-Tal al-Hara.[64]

On 19 May, the Fars news agency reported that government troops had recaptured the headquarters of Battalion 74.[61] The next day, the agency also claimed that government forces gained full control over the area of Old Sajna Neighborhood in Daraa al-Balad and completed the encirclement of Nawa, with the Army seizing control of the Eastern neighborhood and was moving towards the National Hospital on the north-west side of the city.[12] On the same day, rebels blew up a building used by government forces, killing dozens.[65]

On 20 May, it was confirmed the Army had entered Nawa from the west and east, with fighting raging in the city.[66] At least 15 soldiers were killed in the afternoon amid clashes with rebels in the town.[65]

On 22 May 2014, a mortar attack on a tent where approximately 100 government supporters and civilians had gathered in the city to discuss the upcoming 3 June 2014 presidential election killed at least 21 and injured scores more. It is not verified who conducted the attack, but Ahmad Masalma, an opposition activist in Daraa, said rebels from the Free Syrian Army umbrella group fired a mortar shell at the tent in a government-held area after repeatedly warning civilians to stay away.[67][68]

On 23 May, according to the SOHR, rebels captured an Army checkpoint west of Tell Umm Hawran.[69] Four days later, it was reported that Fauzi Ayub, a senior Hezbollah commander on the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list, was killed during fighting in Nawa.[19]

## Aftermath[edit]

On 14 June, rebels captured the strategical al-Jomou' hill base, located between Tsil and Nawa, after a siege and captured 10 pro-government fighters during the fighting.[10]

On 15 July, several rebel formations announced the start of an operation against military installations in the Al-Shaykh Saad area.[70] Later that day, according to the SOHR, rebels managed to capture the transportation battalion base, 26th Battalion base[71] and the tank battalion base (all belonging to the Brigade 61 base complex) in Al-Shaykh Saad.[72] The next day, 13 rebel groups announced the formation of a single operation room for Daraa province.[73]

On 20 July, several rebel groups announced the start of the battle "Qat’e Al Watin" (Cutting the Aorta) in Daraa province.[74] 13 rebel fighters were killed on the first day of the operation.[75]

On 26 August, at least 30 rebel fighters were killed by an army ambush near the town of al-Harra. Rebels were able to take control of the nearby town of Zimrin, but were unable to advance further towards Harra and its military base.[76]

Also, during August, Bedouin tribes in northeastern Suwayda province took up arms against the Syrian Army and the National Defence Force. The town of Eib in Lajat area fell into rebel hands. Fighters from Jabhat al-Nusra reinforced rebel positions in the area after National Defence Force units retook the villages of Dama and Deir Dama from Bedouin rebels. Mortar fire was still directed at the towns, however, by rebel fighters.[77]

On 10 September, the Syrian army also mobilized reinforcements to move toward the government-held cities of al-Harra, al-Sanamayn, al-Jidiya and Zimrin in Daraa province.[78]

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19. ^ a b "Former Hezbollah prisoner in Israel killed in Syria". Haaretz. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
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21. ^ "Largest Syrian Brigade Nears Breaking Point". Arutz Sheva. 16 May 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
22. ^ "Does the "Southern Front" Exist?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
23. ^ Simon Tisdall (11 March 2014). "Syria war: new push against Assad being planned, reports suggest". the Guardian. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
24. ^ "Opposition battalions launch joint "Geneva Houran Battle" in Daraa". Syria Newsdesk. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
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26. ^ "Rebels flush with Western arms take battle to Assad's forces in southern Syria". World Tribune. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014.
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28. ^ "Car bomb in Syria's Daraa province kills at least 33 people". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
29. ^ Syria warplanes hit Yabrud near Damascus
30. ^ DARAA REBELS LOSE CHECKPOINT, KEEP SPOILS, 19 February 2014, Syria:direct
31. ^ "Violent clashes continue in Hama and Bombardment on Der'a". SOHR. 19 February 2014.
32. ^ "Syrian air force steps up attacks in south". 21 February 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
33. ^ "Siege of Syrian arms depot exposes chemical weapons fears". 5 March 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
34. ^ "Clashes escalate on Syria's southern front". Al-Monitor. 26 February 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
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36. ^ "Seven airstrikes target city of Daraa". Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
37. ^ a b "Opposition forces capture Daraa Central Prison, release detainees". Syria Newsdesk. 19 March 2014. Archived from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
38. ^ "Syria: Insurgents Capture Prison in Daraa". EA WorldView. 19 March 2014.
39. ^ Mohammed Ali al-Haj Ali and Elizabeth Parker-Magyar, THREE YEARS LATER, SOUTH SYRIA’S DARAA PROVINCE LOCKED IN STALEMATE, 20 March 2014, Syria:direct
40. ^ A summary of events on Friday, 21/03/2014
41. ^ "Rebels claim gains in Aleppo and Qunaitra". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
42. ^ "Rebellion advancing toward brigade 61 army base | La rébellion avance sur la base 61 (Daraa)". Archived from the original on 28 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
43. ^ "Syrian airstrikes target crowded market". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
44. ^ Tens of martyrs in Daraa clashes
45. ^ The killing of 16 regular troops in Daraa
46. ^ "Tens of regular troops killed in Daraa". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
47. ^ "Clashes and Bombardment in Damascus and Dar'a". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
48. ^ "'88 killed' in battle for key Syrian sites". Gulf-Times. 26 April 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
49. ^ "Daraa province". Facebook. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
50. ^ "Syrian troops look to retake Kassab". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
51. ^ "Syria jihadists seize Deraa rebel leader: activists". 4 May 2014. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
52. ^ "Syrian rebel colonel 'confesses' to foreign hand in rout". 8 May 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
53. ^ "Islamic battalions start a new battle in Dar'a". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
54. ^ "United States approves diplomatic mission for Syria opposition". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
55. ^ "Syrian rebels say a would-be election candidate is captured". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
56. ^ "The assassination of an emir in the Nusra Front". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
57. ^ "Arrests in Damascus and the announcement of a new battle in Quneitra". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
58. ^ "Al Qunaytera Province". Facebook. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
59. ^ "Clashes in Daraa and casualties among regime forces". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
60. ^ "Syrian army pushes Daraa offensive". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
61. ^ a b "Assad regime turns guns and Hizbollah on rebels in southern Syria". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
62. ^ "Syria rebels face setback in south". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
63. ^ "Elijah J Magnier". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
64. ^ "Army Takes Back Full Control over Um Al-Awsaj Town in Daraa". Archived from the original on 8 June 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
65. ^ a b "15 pro-Assad fighters killed in Daraa clashes". ARA News. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
66. ^ "Elijah J Magnier". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
67. ^ "Deadly mortar attack hits pro-Assad campaign gathering in Syria". aljazeera.com.
68. ^ "Pro-Assad rally in Syria attacked, 21 dead". Arab Herald. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
69. ^ "Violent clashes in rural Daraa and Idlib". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
70. ^ "The start of a military operation to take control of Brigade 61 in Sheikh Saad". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
71. ^ "Fighters took control of the transportation brigade 61 in the countryside of Daraa". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
72. ^ "Fighters in control of the battalions of brigade 61". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
73. ^ "13 factions announce the formation of an operation room for Daraa province". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
74. ^ "Rebel factions announce the battle of "Cutting the Aorta" in Daraa". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
75. ^ "239 died yesterday, including 119 pro-government fighters". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
76. ^ "Dara province 24 August 2014". AJE Live Events. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
77. ^ "Clashes between Druze, Bedouins rattle Syria's south". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
78. ^ "Syrian rebels break uneasy peace in Golan Heights". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.

* v
* t
* e

Syrian civil war

Overviews

| Main overviews|

* Syria
* Rojava
* Syrian civil war
* Timeline of the Syrian civil war
* Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War
* Syrian peace process
* Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war
* Belligerents in the Syrian civil war
* Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war
* Spillover of the Syrian civil war
* Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war
* Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war
* Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)

|

Effects and ongoing concerns|

* Casualties of the Syrian civil war
* Refugees of the Syrian civil war
* Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war
* Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war

Phases and processes|

* Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war
* Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war
* Syrian civil war ceasefires
* Syrian peace process

World reaction|

* International reactions to the Syrian civil war
* Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war

Specific groups and countries|

* Russian involvement
* Russian military intervention
* Turkish involvement
* Turkish occupation of northern Syria
* Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
* Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
* American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war
* Kurdish Area in Syria
* Syrian Democratic Forces
* Rojava conflict
* Turkish occupation of northern Syria
* U.S. task force

Agreements and dialogues|

* Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
* Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria

Timeline

| Background|

* 1963 coup
* 1966 coup
* Corrective Movement
* Islamist uprising
* Latakia protests
* Damascus Spring
* Qamishli riots
* Syrian occupation of Lebanon
* Damascus Declaration
* Human rights in Syria
* 2010s in Syria political history

|

2011
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec|

* Syrian Revolution
* Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
* Siege of Daraa
* Siege of Baniyas
* May Talkalakh siege
* Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh
* June Jisr ash-Shughur operation
* Siege of Hama
* Siege of Homs
* Jabal al-Zawiya operation
* Siege of Latakia
* Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)
* Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)
* Battle of Zabadani
* Battle of Douma
* Daraa Governorate clashes
* Battle of Rastan
* Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush
* Idlib Governorate clashes
* December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres

2012
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec|

* January al-Midan bombing
* Battle of Rastan
* First Battle of Idlib
* Battle of al-Qusayr
* Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)
* Battle of Taftanaz
* May Battle of Rastan
* Houla massacre
* Battle of al-Haffah
* Al-Qubeir massacre
* Battle of Tremseh
* Battle of Damascus
* 18 July 2012 Damascus bombing
* Battle of Aleppo
* Battle of Anadan
* Siege of Base 46
* Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)
* Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)
* Darayya massacre
* Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz
* Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
* First siege of Wadi Deif
* Battle of Harem
* Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)
* Battle of Darayya
* Aqrab massacre
* Hama offensive
* Halfaya massacre
* Battle of Darayya
* Quneitra Governorate clashes
* Talbiseh bakery massacre

2013
Jan–Apr
May–Dec|

* Battle of Safira
* Battle of Shadadeh
* Damascus offensive
* Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)
* Battle of Raqqa (Mar)
* Daraa offensive
* Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)
* Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl
* Ghouta chemical attack
* Al-Qusayr offensive
* Battle of al-Qusayr
* Bayda and Baniyas massacres
* Hama offensive
* Hatla massacre
* Khan al-Assal chemical attack
* Khan al-Assal massacre
* Adra massacre
* Battle of Ras al-Ayn
* Battle of Tell Abyad
* Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)
* Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
* Battle of al-Yaarubiyah
* Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)

2014
Jan–Jul
Aug–Dec|

* First Inter-rebel conflict
* Battle of Markada
* Deir ez-Zor offensive
* Battle of Morek
* Daraa offensive (Feb–May)
* Maan massacre
* Al-Otaiba ambush
* Idlib offensive
* Battle of Hosn
* Latakia Offensive
* Battle of Al-Malihah
* Kafr Zita chemical attack
* Second siege of Wadi Deif
* Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)
* Battle of Arsal
* First Battle of the Shaer gas field
* Eastern Syria offensive
* Battle of Tabqa Airbase
* Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)
* Hama Offensive
* Quneitra offensive
* Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)
* Siege of Kobanî
* Homs school bombing
* Daraa offensive (Oct)
* Al-Safira offensive
* Idlib Raid
* Second Inter-Rebel Conflict
* Second Battle of the Shaer gas field
* Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
* Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)

2015
Jan–Jul
Aug–Dec|

* Air Force An-26 crash
* Daraa Offensive (Jan)
* Southern Syria Offensive
* Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
* Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)
* Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)
* Battle of Bosra
* Idlib Offensive
* Second Battle of Idlib
* Battle of Nasib Border Crossing
* Battle of Yarmouk Camp
* Western al-Hasakah offensive
* Palmyra offensive (May)
* Qamishli bombings
* Tell Abyad offensive
* Kobanî massacre
* Quneitra offensive (Jun)
* Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)
* Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)
* Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)
* Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
* Al-Hawl offensive
* Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)
* East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)
* 2015–2016 Latakia offensive
* Tishrin Dam offensive
* Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown

2016
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec|

* Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
* Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)
* January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
* Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)
* Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)
* Al-Shaddadi offensive
* February Homs bombings
* February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
* Khanasir offensive
* Battle of Tel Abyad
* Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
* Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
* Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)
* Palmyra offensive (Mar)
* East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
* Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)
* Northern Raqqa offensive (May)
* May Jableh & Tartous bombings
* Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)
* Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)
* Manbij offensive
* Tokhar massacre
* Southern Aleppo campaign
* Battle of al-Rai (Aug)
* Operation Euphrates Shield
* Aleppo summer campaign
* Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)
* 5 September bombings
* September Deir ez-Zor air raid
* September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack
* Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)
* Dabiq offensive
* Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)
* Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)
* Raqqa campaign
* Battle of al-Bab
* Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)
* Palmyra offensive (Dec)

2017
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec|

* Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)
* January Azaz bombing
* Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)
* Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)
* Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)
* Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)
* Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)
* Qaboun offensive
* Palmyra offensive
* East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)
* March Damascus bombings
* Al-Jinah airstrike
* Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)
* Battle of Tabqa
* Khan Shaykhun chemical attack
* Shayrat missile strike
* Aleppo bombing
* April Turkish airstrikes
* East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
* Desert campaign (May–Jul)
* Maskanah Plains offensive
* East Hama offensive
* Battle of Raqqa
* Daraa offensive (Jun)
* Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)
* Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)
* Quneitra offensive (Jun)
* Idlib clashes (Jul)
* Central campaign
* Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)
* Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)
* Hama offensive (Sep)
* Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)
* Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate
* Battle of Harasta
* Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)
* Euphrates Crossing offensive
* Mayadin offensive
* Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)
* Abu Kamal offensive
* Beit Jinn offensive

2018
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec|

* Operation Olive Branch
* Battle of Khasham
* Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)
* Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)
* Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict
* Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)
* Douma chemical attack
* Missile strikes (Apr)
* Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)
* Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)
* Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)
* Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)
* Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)
* As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)
* Southern offensive
* As-Suwayda attacks
* As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)
* Qamishli clashes (Sep)
* Missile strikes (Sep)
* Northern border clashes

2019
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec|

* Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* Manbij bombing
* Battle of Baghuz Fawqani
* ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor
* Dêrik prison escape attempt
* Tell Rifaat clashes
* Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)
* June bombings
* Hass refugee camp bombing
* Missile strikes (Aug)
* Turkish offensive into northeast
* Barisha raid
* November bombings
* Israeli missile strikes (Nov)
* Qah missile strike
* Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)
* US airstrikes

2020
Jan–Dec|

* COVID-19 pandemic
* Afrin bombing
* Idlib Governorate clashes
* Kafr-Takharim airstrike
* Ayn Issa clashes
* Deir ez-Zor ambush

2021
Jan–Dec|

* Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah
* Missile strikes (Jan)
* Israeli missile strikes (Feb)
* US airstrike (Feb)
* Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
* US airstrike (Jun)
* Daraa clashes
* Damascus bus bombing
* Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict

2022
Jan–Dec|

* Battle of al-Hasakah
* Abu Khashab shooting
* Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes
* Jabal al-Bishrī clashes
* Jarqli airstrikes
* Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)
* 2022 Al-Sabboura bus bombing
* Operation Claw-Sword
* Northwest clashes (Dec)
* Deir ez-Zor attack

2023
Jan-Dec|

* Al-Sukhnah attack
* Damascus airstrike

Spillover|

| Israel and Golan Heights:|

* March 2017 incident
* February 2018 incident
* May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents

|

Iraq:|

* Akashat ambush
* Operation al-Shabah
* April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike

Jordanian border incidents|

* April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike

Lebanon:|

* Lebanese border clashes
* Battle of Sidon
* Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut
* North Lebanon clashes
* Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)

Turkey:|

* December 2011 Turkish border clash
* 2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown
* 2012 Turkish border clashes
* 2013 Reyhanlı car bombings
* January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria
* Assassination of Andrei Karlov
* Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident
* 2020 Balyun airstrikes
* Operation Spring Shield

Elsewhere:|

* Deir ez-Zor missile strike (Iran)

Belligerents

*   *   *   *

Syria|

| Politics of Syria|

* Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
* Syrian Social Nationalist Party
* Arab Socialist Movement
* Syrian Communist Party

|

Military and militias|

* Syrian Armed Forces
* Syrian Resistance
* PFLP-GC
* al-Quds Brigade
* Palestine Liberation Army

Foreign support|

* Hezbollah involvement
* Iranian involvement
* Liwa Fatemiyoun
* Russian involvement
* medical facility targeting
* military intervention
* Wagner Group
* Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
* Popular Mobilization Forces

Opposition|

| Interim government|

* National Coalition
* Local Coordination Committees
* Syrian National Council
* Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution
* National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
* Syrian Revolution General Commission
* Syrian Support Group
* Adopt a Revolution
* Syrian Patriotic Group

|

Opposition militias|

* Syrian National Army
* Free Syrian Army
* National Front for Liberation
* Army of Glory
* Authenticity and Development Front
* Army of Free Tribes
* Revolutionary Commando Army
* Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
* Grey Wolves

Foreign support|

* American-led intervention
* Jordanian intervention
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Turkey

Autonomous Administration
of North and East Syria|

| DFNS Government|

* Democratic Union Party
* Kurdish National Council
* Smaller political parties

|

SDF militias|

* People's Protection Units
* Women's Protection Units
* Anti-Terror Units
* Al-Sanadid Forces
* Army of Revolutionaries
* SDF military councils
* Syriac Military Council
* Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa
* Northern Democratic Brigade

Support|

* Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
* Kurdistan Workers' Party
* International Freedom Battalion
* Sinjar Resistance Units
* Êzîdxan Women's Units

Islamists|

| Islamic State|

* Military activity of ISIL
* Dokumacılar
* Khalid ibn al-Walid Army
* Liwa al-Aqsa
* Group of the One and Only
* Liwa Dawud

|

al-Qaeda and allies|

* Tahrir al-Sham
* Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria
* Caucasus Emirate
* Ajnad al-Kavkaz
* Junud al-Makhdi
* Malhama Tactical
* Ansar al-Islam

People

* Ammar Abdulhamid
* Ali al-Abdallah
* Adnan al-Aroor
* al-Assad family
* Bashar
* Maher
* Rifaat
* Rami Makhlouf
* Hafez Makhlouf
* Riad al-Asaad
* Anwar al-Bunni
* Fahd Jassem al-Freij
* Suheil al-Hassan
* Haitham al-Maleh
* Moaz al-Khatib
* Kamal al-Labwani
* Hamza al-Khateeb
* Tal al-Mallohi
* Fida al-Sayed
* Riad al-Turk
* Khaled Khoja
* Ammar al-Qurabi
* Suheir Atassi
* Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni
* Aref Dalila
* Farid Ghadry
* Burhan Ghalioun
* Razan Ghazzawi
* Ghassan Hitto
* Salim Idris
* Randa Kassis
* Abdul Halim Khaddam
* Michel Kilo
* Bassma Kodmani
* Ali Habib Mahmud
* Ali Mahmoud Othman
* Ibrahim Qashoush
* Dawoud Rajiha
* Yassin al-Haj Saleh
* Bouthaina Shaaban
* Abdulbaset Sieda
* Riad Seif
* Fadwa Souleimane
* Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid
* Yaser Tabbara
* Razan Zaitouneh
* Rami Jarrah
* Abdurrahman Mustafa
* Fadlallah al-Haji

Related

| Elections|

* 2011 local elections
* 2012 parliamentary election
* 2014 presidential election
* 2015 Northern local elections
* 2016 parliamentary election
* 2017 Northern local elections
* 2017 Northern regional elections
* 2018 local elections
* 2020 parliamentary election
* 2021 presidential election

|

Issues|

* Casualties
* Cities and towns
* Chemical weapons
* Damaged heritage sites
* Foreign involvement
* Human rights violations
* Humanitarian aid
* International demonstrations and protests
* International reactions
* Massacres
* Refugees
* Sectarianism and minorities
* Status of the Golan Heights
* Spillover in Lebanon
* Syrian government reactions

Peace process|

* Arab League monitors
* Friends of Syria Group
* Kofi Annan peace plan
* UN supervision mission
* Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan
* U.S.–Russia peace proposals
* 39th G8 summit
* UN Security Council Resolution 2118
* Geneva II conference
* 2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement
* Vienna talks
* 2016 Geneva talks
* Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)
* First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
* Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
* Syrian Constitutional Committee

War crimes trials|

* Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany

Related topics|

* Exclusive mandate
* Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference
* International recognition of the Syrian National Council
* Syria Files
* Syrian detainee report
* Syrian media coverage
* 2015 European migrant crisis

* Category

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