Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)

Marvel Comics fictional character

This article is about the first Daredevil, Matt Murdock. For the second Daredevil, see Elektra (character).

Comics character

Daredevil

Promotional art for Daredevil vol. 2, #65
(September 2004).
Art by Greg Land.

Publication information
Publisher| Marvel Comics
First appearance| Daredevil #1
(April 1964)
Created by| Stan Lee (writer)
Bill Everett (artist)
In-story information
Alter ego| Matthew Michael Murdock
Place of origin| Hell's Kitchen, New York City
Team affiliations| Avengers
New Avengers
Defenders
Marvel Knights
The Chaste
The Hand
Partnerships| Elektra
Black Widow
Notable aliases| Man Without Fear
Jack Batlin
Mike Murdock
Abilities|

* Superhuman senses, agility, reflexes, stamina, coordination, and balance
* Echolocative radar sense
* Master martial artist, hand-to-hand combatant, and stick fighter
* Expertise in criminology, criminal law, and police procedures
* Utilizes billy club with multi-purpose functions
* Expert acrobat and gymnast

Daredevil is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Bill Everett, with some input from Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Daredevil #1 (April 1964).

Daredevil is the alias of Matthew Michael "Matt" Murdock, a lawyer blinded in childhood in a chemical accident that gave him special abilities. While growing up in New York City's Hell's Kitchen, a crime-ridden, working-class, Irish-American neighborhood, Murdock pushes a man from the path of an oncoming truck and is blinded by a radioactive substance that falls from the vehicle. His exposure to the radioactive material heightens his remaining senses beyond normal human ability and gives him a "radar sense". His father, a boxer named Jack Murdock, is a single man raising his now-blind son to form a better life for himself. Jack is killed by gangsters after refusing to throw a fight, leaving Matt an orphan. He hones his physical abilities and superhuman senses under the tutelage of a mysterious blind stranger named Stick, eventually becoming a highly skilled and expert martial artist. Some years later, after graduating from Columbia Law School, Murdock seeks out the criminal element in Hell's Kitchen and begins to fight crime. He targets the local gangsters who murdered his father and succeeds in bringing them to justice. Eventually, in ironic contrast to his Catholic upbringing and beliefs, Matt dons a costumed attire modeled after a devil and takes up a dual life of fighting against the criminal underworld in New York City as the masked vigilante Daredevil, which puts him in conflict with many super-villains, including his arch-enemies Bullseye and the Kingpin. He also becomes a skilled and respected lawyer who forms the law firm Nelson & Murdock with Franklin "Foggy" Nelson, his best friend and roommate. He establishes a long relationship with a co-worker, Karen Page, who experiences many hardships before her eventual murder by Bullseye. He re-encounters his on-again off-again girlfriend Elektra Natchios, a fearsome ninja assassin who is murdered by Bullseye as well, but resurrected. Much later, she becomes the second Daredevil. Daredevil has a great deal of difficulty maintaining his secret identity, and is at times imprisoned for his extra-legal activities.

Writer/artist Frank Miller's influential tenure on the title in the early 1980s cemented the character as a popular and influential part of the Marvel Universe. Miller introduced elements of film noir and ninja films, and subsequent writers for the title have continued these themes and imagery. In particular, the series often explore political corruption, moral ambiguity, childhood trauma, disability, Irish Catholic identity, and Christian themes. Daredevil is a critically acclaimed series, and has won multiple Eisner Awards, in particular for authors Brian Michael Bendis, Ed Brubaker, and Mark Waid.

Daredevil is a prominent example of a disabled superhero, and has served as inspiration and positive representation for blind people and their advocates. He has appeared in various forms of media, including films and television series. Ben Affleck portrayed the character in the film Daredevil (2003). Subsequently, Charlie Cox portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, starting with the television series Daredevil (2015–2018, 2025).

## Publication history

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Main article: Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)

Further information: List of Daredevil titles

Further information: Daredevil collected editions

### Creation

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Martin Goodman, the publisher of Marvel Comics, was impressed by the popularity of Spider-Man and asked Stan Lee to create a similar character based on the original Daredevil, a superhero of the 1940s.[1] Lee initially requested assistance from Steve Ditko, the co-creator of Spider-Man, but he declined the assignment. Lee then sought the creative input of Bill Everett, who had previously created Namor, and Jack Kirby, the co-creator of the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, and other well-known superheroes. Kirby and Everett co-designed Daredevil's original costume.[2] Lee and Kirby have each claimed credit for Daredevil's billy club, which he uses to swing from buildings.[3] Paul Young indicates that the basic concept of the character as a heroic blind vigilante is probably inspired by the symbol and motif of blind justice.[4] Timothy D. Peters, a legal scholar, has also drawn attention to the recurring visual analogy with Lady Justice, the classical figure for the legal system.[5] The character was generally considered second-string in Marvel's pantheon of heroes, and had low commercial viability for the first decade and a half of his existence, prior to Frank Miller's re-invention.[6]

### 1960s

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Splash page of the first issue of Daredevil (April 1964) features the hero in his original costume. Art by Jack Kirby (penciler) and Bill Everett (inker).

The character debuted in Marvel Comics' Daredevil #1 (cover date April 1964),[7] created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Bill Everett,[8] The original costume design was a combination of black, yellow, and red, reminiscent of acrobat tights.[9] The cover of the first issue was based on Jack Kirby's original concept sketch, but inked by Everett. Everett penciled the contents of the issue.[10]

The first issue covered both the character's origins and his desire to enact justice on the man who had killed his father, boxer "Battling Jack" Murdock, who raised young Matthew Murdock in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Jack instills in Matt the importance of education and nonviolence with the aim of seeing his son become a better man than himself. In the course of saving a blind man from the path of an oncoming truck, Matt is blinded by a radioactive substance that falls from the vehicle. The radioactive exposure heightens his remaining senses beyond normal human limits, and gives him a kind of "radar" sense, enabling him to detect the shape and location of objects around him.[11] To support his son, Jack Murdock returns to boxing under the Fixer, a known gangster, and the only man willing to contract the aging boxer. When he refuses to throw a fight because his son is in the audience, he is killed by one of the Fixer's men. Having promised his father not to use violence to deal with his problems, Matt adopts a new identity who can use physical force. Adorned in a yellow and black costume made from his father's boxing robes and using his superhuman abilities, Matt confronts the killers as the superhero Daredevil, unintentionally causing the Fixer to have a fatal heart attack.[12]

Wally Wood introduced Daredevil's standard red costume in issue #7, which depicts Daredevil's battle against the far more powerful Sub-Mariner, and has become a classic story of the early series.[13] Wood also redesigned Daredevil's costume to include communications equipment; in his depiction, the mask contains a complex radio receiver, and his horns are both antennae to pick up radio signals and amplifiers of his own super-sensory radar blips. However, these concepts would be dropped.[14]

Daredevil embarks on a series of adventures involving such villains as the Owl and the Purple Man.[15] In issue #16 (May 1966), Daredevil meets Spider-Man, who will eventually become one of Daredevil's closest friends.[16] A letter from Spider-Man unintentionally exposes Daredevil's secret identity, compelling him to adopt a third identity as his twin brother Mike Murdock, whose carefree, wisecracking personality more closely resembles the Daredevil guise than the stern, studious, and emotionally-withdrawn Matt Murdock.[17] The "Mike Murdock" plotline was used to highlight the character's quasi-multiple personality disorder. This third identity was dropped in issues #41–42; Daredevil fakes Mike Murdock's death and claims he had trained a replacement Daredevil.[18] The series' 31-issue run by writer-editor Stan Lee and penciller Gene Colan (beginning with issue #20) includes Daredevil #47, in which Murdock defends a blind Vietnam veteran against a frameup; Lee has cited it as one of his favorite stories.[19][20]

Matt discloses his secret identity to his girlfriend Karen Page in a story published in 1969. However, the revelation proves too much for her, and she breaks off the relationship.[21] This was the first of several long-term breakups between Matt and Karen, who remains a recurring character up until her death in the late 1990s.[22]

### 1970s

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Gerry Conway took over as writer with issue #72, and turned the series in a pulp science fiction direction. Conway also moved Daredevil to San Francisco beginning with Daredevil #86, and simultaneously brought on the Black Widow as a co-star for the series.[23] The Black Widow served as Daredevil's crime-fighting ally as well as his lover from November 1971 to August 1975. Issues #92-107 were published under the title Daredevil and the Black Widow. Conway introduced Black Widow as a romantic partner for Daredevil as "a way to re-energize the title".[24] She joined the series in Daredevil #81 (1971).[25] John Romita Sr. designed a new costume for Black Widow, but Colan was the artist for the series. Conway responded to feminist criticism by making Black Widow a more active and independent character, beginning in Daredevil #91 (1972).[26] The series was retitled Daredevil and the Black Widow in the following issue;[27] her name was dropped from the title after issue #107 (1973).[27] Steve Gerber became the writer for Daredevil with issue #97 (1972). Sales had declined, and in response he re-emphasized Daredevil as the central character.[28] Tony Isabella became the writer for Daredevil with issue #118, and he believed that Daredevil and Black Widow should be split up.[28] Black Widow departed from the series in issue #124, feeling overshadowed by Daredevil.[27]

The writing and editing jobs went to Marv Wolfman with issue #124. He returned Daredevil to Hell's Kitchen.[29] Wolfman promptly introduced the lively but emotionally fragile Heather Glenn to replace the Black Widow as Daredevil's love interest.[30] Wolfman's 20-issue run included the introduction of one of Daredevil's most popular villains, Bullseye.[31] With issue #144, Jim Shooter briefly became the writer, but had difficulty keeping up with the schedule, and the writing chores were turned over to Roger McKenzie.[32]

McKenzie's work on Daredevil reflected his background in horror comics, and the stories and even the character himself took on a much darker tone.[33] Daredevil battles a personification of death, and a re-envisioning of his Daredevil's origin shows him using stalker tactics to drive the Fixer to his fatal heart attack.[34] McKenzie created chain-smoking Daily Bugle reporter Ben Urich, who deduces Daredevil's secret identity over the course of issues #153–163.[35] Halfway through his run, McKenzie was joined by penciller Frank Miller with issue #158 (May 1979).[36]

In a story arc overlapping Wolfman, Shooter, and McKenzie's runs on the series, Daredevil reveals his identity to Glenn. Their relationship persists, but proves increasingly harmful to both of them.[37] Though the Black Widow returns for a dozen issues (#155–166) and attempts to rekindle her romance with Daredevil, he ultimately rejects her in favor of Glenn.[27]

### 1980s

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Miller disliked Roger McKenzie's scripts,[32] so new editor Dennis O'Neil fired McKenzie so that Miller could write the series.[38] In this period, Miller modeled Matt Murdock's appearance on the actor Robert Redford.[39] Miller's initial run, first as penciler, then writer/penciler, and last a writer and layout artist begins in May 1979 and ends in February 1983. During this period, circulation doubled, to average sales of 276,812 copies per month. The series made Miller a star in the industry.[40] Miller took writing inspiration from hardboiled crime fiction as well as the superhero comic tradition.[41] For example, he draws on techniques of suspense, dramatic irony, and ambiguous characterization adopted from Raymond Chandler.[42] Miller moved away from the conventions of the commercially dominant genre of comic books, superhero comics, toward the style that interested him most: crime comics.[43] Miller is also responsible for emphasizing Daredevil's Catholic beliefs and deep concern with penance.[44]

Cover of Daredevil #184 (July 1982). Art by Frank Miller and Klaus Janson.

Resuming the drastic metamorphosis McKenzie began, Miller ignores much of Daredevil's continuity prior to his run on the series; on the occasions where older villains and supporting cast appear, their characterizations and history with Daredevil are reworked or overwritten. Most prominently, dedicated and loving father Jack Murdock is reimagined as a drunkard who physically abused his son Matt, entirely revising Daredevil's reasons for becoming a lawyer.[45] Spider-Man villain Kingpin becomes Daredevil's new primary nemesis, displacing most of his large rogues gallery. Tormented by guilt, Daredevil gradually becomes something of an antihero. In issue #181 (April 1982), he attempts to murder Bullseye by throwing him off a tall building; when the villain survives as a quadriplegic, he breaks into his hospital room and tries to scare him to death by playing a two-man variation on Russian roulette with a secretly unloaded gun.[46]

Although still conforming to traditional comic book styles, Miller infused his first issue of Daredevil with his own film noir style.[47] Miller sketched the roofs of New York in an attempt to give his Daredevil art an authentic feel not commonly seen in superhero comics at the time. Miller cited Will Eisner and Moebius, from the comics tradition, and filmmakers Orson Welles, Fritz Lang, and Alfred Hitchcock as inspirations.[48] One journalist commented:

> Daredevil's New York, under Frank's run, became darker and more dangerous than the Spider-Man New York he'd seemingly lived in before. New York City itself, particularly Daredevil's Hell's Kitchen neighborhood, became as much a character as the shadowy crimefighter; the stories often took place on the rooftop level, with water towers, pipes and chimneys jutting out to create a skyline reminiscent of German Expressionism's dramatic edges and shadows.[49]

Following up a suggestion from O'Neil that he give Daredevil a realistic fighting style,[50] Miller drew detailed fighting scenes attentive to the physics and techniques of East Asian martial arts.[51] Miller introduced ninjas into the Daredevil canon,[52] introducing previously unseen characters who had played a major part in his youth: Stick, leader of the ninja clan, the Chaste, who had been Murdock's sensei after he was blinded; and Elektra, an on-again off-again girlfriend and sometime member of the Hand.[53] Elektra was eventually killed by Bullseye, in a shocking and widely read issue that was one of the defining events of comics for the decade.[54]

Artist John Romita Jr., signing a copy of issue 254 of the series at Midtown Comics in Manhattan

After #191 Miller left the series. O'Neil switched from editor to writer.[38] He continued McKenzie and Miller's noir take on the series, but backed away from the antihero depiction of the character by having him not only spare Bullseye's life but express guilt over his two previous attempts to kill him. Miller returned as the title's regular writer, co-writing #226 with O'Neil. Miller and artist David Mazzucchelli crafted the acclaimed "Born Again" storyline in #227–233.[55] In the Born Again storyline, Karen Page returns as a heroin-addicted porn star, and sells Daredevil's secret identity for drug money.[56] The Kingpin acquires the information and, in an act of revenge, orchestrates a frameup that costs Murdock his attorney's license. Murdock also discovers that his lost mother, Maggie, who he thought dead, is living as a nun.[57] Miller ends the arc on a positive note, with Murdock reuniting with Karen Page.[58] Miller's period of authorship was enormously commercially successful; his story arcs on Daredevil were the only sales competition for Chris Claremont's Uncanny X-Men, the consistent top seller in the 1980s.[59]

Ann Nocenti later became the series's longest-running regular writer, with a four-and-a-quarter-year run from #238–291 (Jan. 1987 – April 1991).[60] In this period, Murdock returns to law by co-founding with Page a nonprofit drug and legal clinic. Nocenti's stories wrestle with feminism, alcoholism, and animal rights.[61] She introduced the antagonist Typhoid Mary, who became a recurring villain.[62] Typhoid Mary has dissociative identity disorder; while her "Typhoid" identity is evil, her alter ego, Mary Walker, who dates Daredevil is sweet and reserved.[63][64] In Nocenti's storyline, Murdock becomes a drifter in upstate New York; this was the first time the character had been taken outside of an urban environment.[65] She concludes her run with a positive turn in Murdock's fortunes: He returns to Hell's Kitchen, regains his sense of self, reconciles with Foggy Nelson, and resolves to seek out Karen Page.[66]

### 1990s

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New writer D. G. Chichester continued from where Nocenti left off.[67] In the early part of his run, Daredevil succeeds in toppling Kingpin from leadership of his criminal empire. This is a mirror of Miller's "Born Again", in which now it is Kingpin rather than Daredevil who is stripped of his power.[68] Subsequent issues are devoted to more detailed description of the social environs of New York City.[69] Beginning with issue #305 (June 1992), Scott McDaniel became the new series penciller. McDaniel's style was more exaggerated and melodramatic, in line with the most popular comics artists of the early 1990s, such as Todd McFarlane and Rob Liefeld.[70]

Frank Miller returned to the character and his origins with the 1993 five-issue Daredevil: The Man Without Fear miniseries. With artist John Romita Jr., Miller expanded his retcon of the life and death of Murdock's father, "Battling Jack" Murdock, and Murdock's first encounters with the Kingpin and Foggy Nelson.[71] The story fleshed out the role of Stick in the genesis of Daredevil, as well as the beginning of Murdock's doomed love affair with Elektra. In this rendition, Elektra is more dominant and active as a character, and more sexually aggressive.[72] For this story, Miller and Romita cited Walter Mosley and Mickey Spillane as inspirations.[73] Miller initially prepared the series as a scenario for a proposed TV series.[74]

The creative team of Chichester and McDaniel returned with their "Fall From Grace" storyline in issues #319–325 (Aug. 1993 – Feb. 1994).[75] In this period, McDaniel emulated Frank Miller's later style in the noir crime comic Sin City.[76] Elektra, who was resurrected in #190 but had not been seen since, finally returns.[77] An injured Daredevil creates a more protective costume from biomimetic materials, resembling motocross gear: red and gray with white armor on the shoulders and knee pads.[78] His revamped billy clubs could attach to form nunchucks or a bo staff.[79] His secret identity becomes public knowledge, leading to him fake his own death and assume the new identity of "Jack Batlin".[80] This new identity and costume last for several story arcs.[81] The later Chichester period has generally been dismissed by critics and fans as an example of sensationalistic "event comics" that had become typical in the 1990s. However, the series introduced some themes that were continually revisited later, such as Murdock's increasingly tenuous ability to keep his identity secret.[82]

A short stint by J. M. DeMatteis returned Daredevil to his traditional red costume and Matt Murdock's identity. Under Karl Kesel, the title gained a lighter tone, with Daredevil returning to the lighthearted, wisecracking hero depicted by earlier writers.[83] Matt and Foggy (who now knows of Matt's dual identities) join a law firm run by Foggy's mother, Rosalind Sharpe.[84]

In 1998, Daredevil's numbering was rebooted, with the title "canceled" with issue #380 and revived a month later as part of the Marvel Knights imprint. Joe Quesada drew the new series, written by filmmaker Kevin Smith.[85] Its first story arc, "Guardian Devil", depicts Daredevil struggling to protect a child whom he is told could be the Anti-Christ. Murdock experiences a crisis of faith exacerbated by the discovery that Karen Page has AIDS (later revealed to be a hoax) and her subsequent death at Bullseye's hands.[86] Black Widow also returns to the series, and the two seem to resume their relationship.[87] When Daredevil discovers that the true party responsible for the scheme is Mysterio, who is dying of cancer, he leaves Mysterio to commit suicide.[88]

Smith was succeeded by writer-artist David Mack, who contributed the seven-issue "Parts of a Hole" (vol. 2, #9–15). The arc introduced Maya Lopez, also known as Echo, a deaf martial artist. Critics have commended the character and the story as a complex and multifaceted portrayal of a disabled Latina and Indigenous superhero,[89] and an unusual relationship for Daredevil.[90][91]

### 2000s

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The 2001 Daredevil: Yellow miniseries presented another take on Daredevil's origins using letters written to Karen Page after her death. The series depicts the early rivalry between Matt Murdock and Foggy Nelson for Page's affection, and incorporates many events depicted in the earliest issues of Daredevil. The supervillains the Owl and the Purple Man appear as antagonists. In this story, Daredevil credits Page with coining the phrase "The Man Without Fear", and she suggests to Daredevil he wear all maroon instead of dark red and yellow.[92]

Brian Michael Bendis wrote an long run of Daredevil stories in the 2000s.

David Mack brought colleague Brian Michael Bendis to Marvel to co-write the following arc, "Wake Up" in vol. 2, #16–19 (May 2001 – August 2001),[93] which follows reporter Ben Urich as he investigates the aftereffects of a fight between Daredevil and the new Leap-Frog, particularly on Leap-Frog's young son.[94] After an interlude, Bendis resumed his arc in issue #26 (December 2001).[95] In this run, Murdock meets his romantic interest and future wife Milla Donovan, who is also blind.[96] Donovan later considers having the marriage annulled, on the grounds of Murdock's dishonesty.[97] Bendis's storyline also explores the re-emergence of the Kingpin, the betrayal of him by his associates (including his own son), and vengeance for this betrayal enacted by his wife, Vanessa Fisk.[98] Vanessa Fisk takes over the Kingpin's empire and sells it to gentrifiers and to real estate magnate Donald Trump.[99] When Kingpin attempts to return to power, Daredevil beats him to the point of incapacity and declares himself a new "kingpin" of Hell's Kitchen, forbidding all criminal activity.[100] In the Bendis and Maleev period, Daredevil's identity is leaked, first to the FBI and subsequently to the press.[101] He becomes desperate to hold onto his increasingly tenuous secret identity, willing to make enormous sacrifices in service of this goal. At the conclusion of Bendis's storyline, Murdock is arrested and imprisoned alongside his adversaries, with the FBI hoping that he will be killed by his enemies.[102] Bendis won an Eisner Award for Best Writer for his work on Daredevil, as well as other concurrent titles, in 2002 and 2003. Daredevil by Bendis and Maleev also won the Eisner for Best Continuing Series in 2003. Bendis says he was congratulated for this achievement by Frank Miller.[103][104] However, Miller joked with him that the award was also his; Bendis responded that he was "glad that he knew I knew that without him, nothing we did would have existed."[105]

The impact of the exposure of Murdock's identity as Daredevil continued as a plot point in storylines by the new creative team, writer Ed Brubaker and artist Michael Lark, beginning with Daredevil vol. 2, #82 (Feb. 2006).[106] Brubaker says that, in his view, "Daredevil is one of the most experimental mainstream comics there is," and cites inspiration from noir fiction.[107] Brubaker's arc begins with Murdock imprisoned.[108] Another character masquerades as Daredevil in Hell's Kitchen.[109] Murdock later discovers this ersatz Daredevil is his friend Danny Rand, the superhero Iron Fist.[110] Brubaker introduces the new character Master Izo, another blind warrior who founded the Chaste centuries ago.[111] Brubaker's series also includes Lily Lucca, a new femme fatale manipulated by Mister Fear.[112] Brubaker won Eisner Awards for Best Writer for his work on Daredevil and other titles in 2007, 2008, and 2010.[113] Comics critic Ryan K. Lindsay compares Brubaker's stories to the films of neo-noir and New Hollywood directors of the 1970s, such as Martin Scorsese, Roman Polanski, and Sam Peckinpah.[114]

In 2009, new writer Andy Diggle wrote a new story line in which Daredevil assumes leadership of the ninja army the Hand.[115][116] This continued in a one-shot titled Dark Reign: The List – Daredevil.[117]

### 2010s

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In 2010, Daredevil continues to lead the Hand with the intent of transforming them into an organization that seeks justice. However, when Bullseye kills over a hundred people with a bomb, Daredevil and the Hand launch an onslaught of vengeance. In the ensuing arc, "Shadowland", Daredevil makes the city block that Bullseye destroyed into a fortress administered by the Hand.[118] Murdock returns to his senses after a battle with Elektra and several superheroes.[119] The story reveals that Murdock's erratic behavior is caused by a demonic possession.[120] Purged of the demon by his allies, Murdock departs New York, and becomes the leading character of a new miniseries titled Daredevil: Reborn.[121] He leaves his territory in the hands of the Black Panther in the briefly retitled series' Black Panther: Man Without Fear #513.[122]

In July 2011, Daredevil relaunched with vol. 3, written by Mark Waid. Waid focuses on the character's powers and perception of the physical world.[123] The Waid period also emulates Stan Lee's earlier, more light-hearted tone.[124] Waid won the Eisner Award for Daredevil in 2012.[125] Daredevil vol. 3 ended at issue #36 in February 2014.[126] Waid and Chris Samnee followed this up with Infinite Comics' Daredevil: Road Warrior weekly digital miniseries,[127] which focused on an adventure during Matt's trip to San Francisco. It was reprinted as issue 0.1 in Daredevil volume 4, which launched under Waid and Samnee with a new issue #1 (March 2014) as part of the All-New Marvel NOW! storyline centered on Matt's new life in San Francisco.[127][128] Daredevil also joins the New Avengers in a story written by former Daredevil series writer Brian Michael Bendis.[129]

Daredevil volume 4 ended with issue #18 in September 2015. A new volume began as part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel branding, written by Charles Soule with art by Ron Garney with the first two issues released in December 2015.[130] In this series, Matt returns to New York, where he now works as an Assistant District Attorney. Flashbacks in a later story arc reveal how Murdock regained his secret identity: Supernatural entities alter the memory of everyone on earth except Foggy Nelson.[131] Timothy Peters describes this plot twist as "fantastically ludicrous" but necessary in order to set up the future plot machinations that depend on the social discrepancy of a secret identity.[132] Peters views the subsequent storyline as an intriguing illustration of contemporary expectations and perceptions about the legal system.[133] Using his restored secret identity, Murdock is able to take advantage of a subsequent court case to establish a precedent for superheroes testifying in court without the need to expose their secret identities.[134] Despite interference from the Kingpin, Murdock succeeds in taking this precedent to the Supreme Court so that all superheroes will have the same rights in future cases, and afterward returns to his traditional red costume.[135]

In February 2019, the series began a brand-new volume written by Chip Zdarsky and with art primarily by Marco Checchetto.[136][137][138] In this story, Kingpin becomes Mayor of New York, which advantages criminals over heroes.[139]

### 2020s

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In the Zdarsky arc, Daredevil temporarily quits his superhero activities out of guilt after killing a thief accidentally. When a team of villains invades Hell's Kitchen, he returns to fight alongside Elektra and ordinary citizens who have collectively adopted the "Daredevil" identity.[140] In the aftermath of the battle, he gives himself up to police custody.[141] He continues to conceal his face with his mask, stating that he wants to stand trial for his crimes but will only do so on the condition that his identity is never revealed. He voluntarily confesses to the killing and is sentenced to a prison term. While Matt serves his time, Elektra takes up the Daredevil costume and protects Hell's Kitchen at his behest. In the prison, Murdock grapples with the idea that Daredevil and Matt Murdock work together to put people in prison, which he comes to see as ruining people's lives without reforming them or setting them on the right path.[142] Zdarsky was nominated for an Eisner Award for his writing on this series.[143]

In August 2021, it was confirmed that volume 6 of the series would end in November 2021, at Issue #36.[144] The series lead into the crossover event "Devil's Reign" with the same creative team.[145] Following the conclusion of that series, another Daredevil series, also written by Zdarsky, was launched in July 2022.[146][147][148]

In May 2023, it was announced that volume 7 and Zdarksy's time on Daredevil would conclude with issue #14 in August 2023, with a new volume written by Saladin Ahmed and drawn by Aaron Kuder set to launch in September that same year.[149]

## Characterization

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### Fictional character biography

[edit]

Matthew Murdock is born in Hell's Kitchen, a working-class Irish-American district of New York City. Suffering from post-partum depression, his mother, Maggie, abandons the family and becomes a nun.[150] His father, Jack Murdock, is a struggling professional boxer. Matt's father is loving but controlling and over-protective, and physically abusive on one instance.[151] As a youth, Matt Murdock is struck by a truck carrying radioactive materials. The accident blinds him, but gives him enhanced senses that give him extraordinary perception of his environment.[152] Matt is mentored by Stick, a mysterious sensei.[153] Matt attends Columbia University and meets Foggy Nelson and Elektra Natchios. Nelson becomes Murdock's best friend, and Elektra becomes Matt's first serious girlfriend. Jack Murdock refuses to throw a fight on orders from a gangster called the Fixer, because he does not want to be humiliated in front of his son. As a result, the Fixer has Jack killed.[154] Matt is driven to bring his father's killers to justice, and eventually does so.[155] The Fixer dies of a heart attack when he is confronted by Matt. As a result of Matt taking revenge, Stick ends his training, believing that Matt is undisciplined. Matt and Foggy found a law firm, Nelson and Murdock. Matt begins a second career as a costumed vigilante.[156] Along with the name Daredevil, he is commonly known by such epithets as "Hornhead"[157] and "The Devil of Hell's Kitchen".[158] Karen Page eventually joins the firm, and becomes Nelson's girlfriend after college. He encounters many supervillains. He reveals his secret identity to Page, but she is anxious about the relationship and eventually leaves to pursue a career as an actress in Hollywood.[159][160] Briefly, Murdock moves to San Francisco and lives with Natasha Romanova, who is also a costumed adventurer under the name Black Widow.[161] After they break up, he returns to New York and begins a relationship with Heather Glenn.[162] However, his on-again off-again girlfriend Elektra returns, now a mysterious and fearsome ninja. Together, they find a criminal organization called the Hand.[163] However, she becomes an enforcer for a local crime boss, the Kingpin. She is eventually killed by a hitman, Bullseye.[164] Karen Page has become a drug addict, and betrays Murdock's confidence by selling his secret identity to criminals.[165] However, she returns to New York and begs forgiveness, which Murdock gives her, and she recovers from her drug addiction. She is later killed by Bullseye as well, however.[166] He then marries Milla Donovan, a woman without superpowers who is also blind.[167] They have a troubled marriage because of his secret life as a costumed crime-fighter.[168] Simultaneously, his secret identity is leaked to the press, and he becomes desperate to cast doubt on the public's suspicions about his activities.[169] For a time, he declares himself a new kingpin of his neighborhood, forbidding criminal activity.[170] Murdock is subsequently imprisoned,[171] and later released. He experiences many other adventures and misfortunes. He then assumes control of the Hand, and attempts to employ them as an army against criminals and evil-doers.[172] In the process of doing so, he becomes possessed by a demon, and his efforts go wildly out of control.[173] He is purged of the demon by his friends and allies, and eventually returns to his previous role as an enforcer of justice.[174] His secret identity is leaked to the press, and eventually it becomes an open secret that Matt Murdock is Daredevil; however, supernatural entities alter the fabric of human knowledge so that Daredevil can again become an unknown, mysterious figure.[175] However, he accidentally kills a common thief. Overcome by guilt, he tries to give up the Daredevil identity and crime-fighting activity. He feels compelled to return to such endeavors when a team of supervillains invades Hell's Kitchen; he fights alongside a legion of ordinary citizens who have also adopted the "Daredevil" symbolism.[176]

### Personality and motivation

[edit]

Critics have commented that Daredevil is unusually psychologically complex, by the standards of comic-book superheroes.[177]

He is highly determined and willing to make bold decisions to in order to fight crime in his city. In his public personality, as trial lawyer Matt Murdock, he also tries to defend his clients and to work within the established legal system.[178] Miller argues that Murdock has taken on two demanding careers (as lawyer and vigilante) because of a need to prove himself, compensating for his blindness. Miller believes that, like Batman, Daredevil is driven by his concern for justice, but while Batman is primarily concerned with punishing criminals, Daredevil is more interested in finding redress for victims.[179] The contrast between his love of the law in his regular life and his exceptional vigilante activities often produces problems for him. He is also sometimes ruthless and deceptive, and this can put his friends and loved ones at risk. Timothy Callahan even argues that Murdock is often mentally unstable or even psychotic "in his willingness to layer the fabric of lies in his relationships with others."[180] One of his fundamental conflicts is between his attraction to extra-legal justice and punishment and his simultaneous fascination with objective order and legal, rational explanation.[181]

Miller says that Murdock is drawn to violence because of anger at the world regarding his disability as well as his unresolved conflict with his father.[182] Murdock's father, "Battlin' Jack", was a professional boxer who prohibited Matt from any athletic activity and compelled him to devote his time to study, attempting to mold an entirely different life for his son.[183] Learning of his disobedience, the father resorted to corporal punishment to control his son. These events led Murdock to become obsessed with determining the proper moral and legal rules for behavior, and to develop a highly ambivalent relationship to combat sports and thrill-seeking behavior.[184] Film and comic scholar Paul Young points out that the stories often depict a gap between Murdock's stated motivations and his actions, demonstrating that Murdock has inherently limited self-knowledge and sometimes deceives himself with incomplete justifications for his choices.[185]

Murdock is a devout Catholic and often tormented by religious and moral guilt.[186] However, he also has many romantic affairs, which frequently end badly. Miller also sees the character as driven by sensuality.[187] Psychologist Travis Langley and literary scholar Christine Hanefalk comment that this disposition could be described as a sensation seeking personality trait.[188] They note that while Murdock has had many lovers, he takes the approach of serial monogamy rather than promiscuity or sex addiction.[189]

## Themes and motifs

[edit]

### Political corruption and moral ambiguity

[edit]

Like other comic books influenced by film noir, Daredevil comics often depict modern urban society as highly corrupt, with no trustworthy authority. The comics frequently present a crisis of authority in which Daredevil or various antagonists, such as Kingpin, attempt to achieve a position of sovereignty in order to enforce some kind of recognized order.[190] Daredevil comics also present debates on questions about religion and the relationship between human and divine justice, as well as Christian ideals of forgiveness and generosity. In particular, Matt Murdock is a devout Catholic, and some stories, such as Miller's Born Again, treat themes and traditions particular to the Catholic denomination.[191]

### Irish Catholic identity and culture

[edit]

From his creation, Daredevil carries an ethnic and socioeconomic identity of a working class, Irish American childhood. Kevin Michael Scott writes that "When Daredevil first appeared in 1964, there was no other comic that placed its hero so squarely in the realm of the poor and working classes."[192] In the period of Miller's authorship, his characterization emphasized a particularly Irish Catholic identity (Miller comes from an Irish Catholic ethnic background as well).[193] Scholar Matthew Cressler argues that Daredevil's disability has a particular resonance for Catholic culture, because Catholic tradition and folklore presents afflictions or impairments as opportunities for holiness and potential sainthood.[194] Cressler views the Born Again story as particularly inflected with Catholic cultural tradition and in dialogue with Catholic expectations.[195] He argues that the significance of boxing in Daredevil's early life and training has a particular meaning for US Catholic culture, because "boxing was a crucial site for the making of American Catholic manhood in the twentieth century," commended by clergy as a means to learn moral and spiritual discipline.[196] Cressler argues that Born Again also a demonstrates a white racial identity beyond Irish Catholic ethnicity, because Daredevil concerns himself with protecting his neighborhood and loved ones from vices and dangers that the narrative associates with minor antagonists who are not white.[197] Cressler associates this with the cultural affinity of Irish Americans with the presidency of Ronald Reagan and his values and rhetoric.[198]

However, Paul Young draws attention to a complex and unresolved combination of social and political values in Daredevil's character and activities; while he sometimes practices violent retribution and law and order principles, he also adheres to social liberalism in his stated ideals and in his moral choices and behaviors.[199] While the character has a clear ethnic and racial identity, fans who are not white have said that they find themselves able to closely identify with Daredevil's characteristics. For example, John Jennings, a professor of Cultural Studies and Black studies who is himself African American, writes that he particularly identified with Daredevil as a child because of Daredevil's childhood poverty, his isolation and feeling of peculiarity, his experience of bullying, and his tenacity, all of which could be characteristic of the childhood experiences of people of color.[200]

### Blindness

[edit]

The comic series also often addresses the challenges of blindness and visual impairment. While Daredevil is the best-known blind superhero, and among the first, he had predecessors in two early superheroes created in 1939, Doctor Mid-Nite and the Black Bat.[201] The basic trope of a blind person with exceptional sensory abilities is long-standing in literature and mythology.[202] However, along with Professor X, Daredevil is one of the first modern disabled superheroes.[203] Other supporting characters in the series are also blind, such as Stick and Master Izo. These two characters are reminiscent of blind martial artists presented in Asian cinema, such Zatoichi.[204] Writer/co-creator Stan Lee said that he was worried that blind people would be offended at how far he exaggerated the enhancement of a blind person's remaining senses, but that his fears were assuaged by letters from organizations such as the Lighthouse for the Blind, which said that blind people greatly enjoyed having Daredevil comics read to them.[205]

### Violence and trauma

[edit]

The stories also often address the long-term effects of trauma and adverse childhood experiences. The early stories first introduce Matt Murdock's complex relationship with his father, and Murdock's experience of loss and drive for justice following his father's murder.[206] Matt Murdock's abandonment by his mother, physically abusive treatment by his alcoholic father,[207] and bullying from childhood peers are all detailed by later stories in the series. Other prominent characters, such as Kingpin and Elektra, are also revealed to have experienced childhood misfortunes that affect aggressive and thrill-seeking behavior in adulthood.[208][209] In 1981, Miller declared that "violence is actually the theme of the book," insisting on the depiction of realistic injury in order to convey the hazards and moral ambiguity of a heroic lifestyle.[210]

## Powers and abilities

[edit]

Frank Miller, seen here signing a copy of issue #181 at Midtown Comics, revamped the character's radar-sense to make it more believable.

Although the character is blind, his remaining four senses function with superhuman accuracy and sensitivity, giving him abilities far beyond the limits of a sighted person. Few characters know that the hero cannot see. Generally speaking, the stories operate with the premise that Daredevil compensates for his missing sight with his other heightened senses (in particular, olfactory, auditory, and somatosensory perception). Earlier stories are more likely to explicitly account for how he does this, while later stories often presume Daredevil's apprehension of his environment.[211]

Daredevil can identify people by their distinct heartbeats.[212] He also uses his superhuman hearing as a polygraph to determine dishonesty by listening for changes in a person's heartbeat.[213] This ability can be fooled if the other person's heart is not beating at a natural rate, such as if they have an artificial pacemaker.[214] His heightened hearing can in some circumstances cause problems for him as he runs the risk of becoming overstimulated; this was particularly an issue in adolescence, before he learned to control his powers.[215] Beginning in the period of Frank Miller's authorship, Daredevil is also shown to have the ability to scan a wide spectrum of sounds throughout his broad environment, and to focus on a particular sound source, filtering out the others.[216] Daredevil is also able to use his hearing to perceive spatial entities and relations, by echolocation.[217] This is an exaggerated depiction of a real ability that some blind people, such as Ben Underwood, have cultivated.[218]

Daredevil can use his sense of smell to immediately identify any particular individual.[219] He can also deduce and perceive information about his environment. However, in the early stories Daredevil relies on his sense of smell much less often than his hearing.[220] The stories of the 1970s and 1980s refer to his sense of smell as orienting Daredevil's perceptions to a greater degree.[221]

Daredevil can read by passing his fingers over the letters on a page, though laminated pages prevent him from reading the ink.[222] Most photographs, televisions, and computer screens are blank to him.[223] In early stories, he can distinguish colors by touch, but this is generally phased out as implausible after the 1960s.[224] He is sometimes able to detect objects and information by sensing heat sources and temperature changes.[225]

Daredevil's radioactive accident also led him to develop a "radar-sense", mentioned along with his first appearance.[226] In the initial description, it seems to be synonymous with echolocation, but in later stories it takes on other qualities; essentially it substitutes for vision.[227] At times the radar sense is identified with hearing, but at other times it is described as an entirely distinct sense.[228] The radar is also sometimes explained as a cumulative ensemble of all of Murdock's heightened senses.[229] Some narratives suggest that the radar sense is an imaginative activity that fills in the blanks among all the sense data he can gather.[230] In some stories, Daredevil himself actually emanates waves of some sort to detect his surroundings, possibly analogous to radio waves.[231] The radar sense has shown on numerous occasions the ability to "see" through walls and fabrics, like an X-ray.[232] The radar sense also grants him an omnidirectional field of vision. These two latter abilities are the most notable advantages the radar has over normal vision.[233] At times, the radar-sense appears to be a form of magic.[234] However, Frank Miller's interpretation of the character makes his abilities somewhat more toned down and realistic; for example, his radar sense is less like clear vision and more like a "proximity" sense Miller derived from the comments of some martial artists.[235] Across the history of the characters, writers are inconsistent with regard to whether the radar sense is more or less reliable than eyesight.[236] The radar sense is mentioned much less frequently in comics of the 21st century; Hanefalk speculates that this is because the concept seems excessively supernatural.[237]

The extent of Daredevil's superhuman physical attributes beyond his super-senses and radar sense varies depending on the writer and depiction of the character, though he has always been portrayed as having a superhumanly enhanced sense of balance and coordination. In most cases, he is depicted as also possessing superhuman agility, reflexes, and stamina. In all cases, Daredevil is depicted as a master of martial arts and expert acrobat and gymnast, with his superhuman attributes aiding him in his mastery of these skills.[238]

Matt Murdock was initially self-taught as a boxer, following his father's example. Subsequently, he was trained by Stick to become a master hand-to-hand combatant in martial arts.[239] He practices mixed martial arts, primarily combining boxing with ninjutsu.[240]

Daredevil's signature weapon is his specially designed baton, which he created. Disguised as a blind man's cane in civilian garb, it is a multi-purpose weapon and tool that contains 30 feet of aircraft-control cable connected to a case-hardened steel grappling hook. Internal mechanisms allow the cable to be neatly wound and unwound, while a powerful spring launches the grapnel. The handle can be straightened for use when throwing. The club can be split into two parts, one of which is a fighting baton, the other of which ends in a curved hook.[241]

In his civilian identity, Murdock is a skilled and respected New York attorney.[178] He is a detective and interrogation expert.[242]

## Supporting characters

[edit]

### Elektra

[edit]

Main article: Elektra Natchios

Elektra Natchios is a pivotal character for Daredevil,[243] at different times being an enemy, a romantic partner, and an ally.[244] Elektra made her debut as a bounty hunter, and though her time as part of Daredevil's rogues' gallery was brief (spanning barely a year of the first Frank Miller series), her romantic past with him is an important part of the mythos.[245] Created by Frank Miller, the character first appeared in Daredevil #168 (Jan. 1981).[246] Her violent nature and mercenary lifestyle has served as a point of conflict between her and Daredevil, which, in 2020, culminated in her becoming the second Daredevil.[247]

Elektra is an unusually ruthless antihero and femme fatale. Scholar Paul Young defines some of her defining initial characteristics as including her succinct speech patterns, her "athletic, eroticized body," her father complex, and her lethal weapons and fighting prowess. He notes that another critic, Larry Rodman, memorably compared her to a "psychotic swimsuit model".[248]

She shows few compunctions about killing her adversaries, and in some stories even kills innocent people. However, she maintains a strong affection for Matt Murdock and, later, other people she admires. She is often morally conflicted, and eventually attempts to use her skills for good.[249][250] Miller says that Elektra's violent disposition originates from the trauma of the loss of her father, and that he meant the character to illustrate Jung's Electra complex: "She was a young woman who had her sexual interest centered on her father, and just as she was transferring this to another man, her father is killed." Miller argues that this initial anger led to corruption by other forces (the Hand and the Kingpin). In his view she is not essentially good, but rather "one of the villains who's got a weak streak in them."[251]

Elektra returned to the series, resurrected, first in one of the arcs written by D.G. Chichester. Miller refused to write any additional stories for Marvel, in protest against the character's revival outside his authorship.[252] She has continued to appear in various subsequent series as a complicated anti-hero.[253] In stories of the 2020s, she even takes on the identity of Daredevil herself, initially because the original Daredevil is imprisoned.[254]

### Allies

[edit]

Throughout the core Daredevil series, many characters have had an influence in Matt Murdock's life. His father, "Battlin' Jack" Murdock instills in Matt the importance of education and nonviolence with the aim of seeing his son become a better man than himself.[255] He always encouraged Matt to study, rather than fight like him. Jack forbade his son from undertaking any kind of physical training.[256] It is his father's murder that prompts the super-powered character to become a superhero, fighting gangsters.[256] He was trained by an old blind ninja master named Stick following his childhood accident.[257]

Matt Murdock's closest friend is Franklin "Foggy" Nelson, his college roommate, sidekick, and law partner.[258] Their relationship in the early years of the series was fraught with tension due to Nelson's sense of inferiority to Murdock as a lawyer and as a target for the affections of their secretary, Karen Page.[259] They frequently argued over Murdock's preference for defending supervillains, as Nelson's enthusiasm is for corporate law.[260] The pudgy and fallible Nelson has often been used by writers for lightheartedness and even comic relief.[261] However, in the period written by Brian Michael Bendis, Nelson is a close confidante to Murdock, and assists him emotionally and legally in the period of crisis when his secret identity is on the verge of public knowledge.[262]

Ben Urich, a reporter for the Daily Bugle, often appears in Daredevil stories. An investigative reporter, Urich shares some of Daredevil's intellectual abilities but does not have any kind of fighting prowess.[263] He discovers Daredevil's identity and eventually becomes his friend as well.[264]

As a superhero, one of Daredevil's best friends is the hero Spider-Man.[265] They reveal their secret identities to one another in Peter Parker, the Spectacular Spider-Man #110, in 1986.[266] However, due to the events of the "One More Day" storyline, Daredevil no longer knows Spider-Man's secret identity. Iron Fist would later become one of his greatest friends, and at one point took on the role of Daredevil himself.[110] The Punisher, anti-hero Frank Castle, is one of Daredevil's reluctant allies, as well as his antagonist due to their different philosophies in crime-fighting.[267]

Daredevil is somewhat unusual among superheroes in that he does not generally work consistently with a group of teammates. However, he has worked alongside the Fantastic Four, the Defenders, and the Avengers. All three of these groups invited Daredevil to join, which he generally resisted.[268] In 2011, Daredevil did join one version of the Avengers, led by Luke Cage, as well as one of the iterations of the Defenders.[269] In a variety of stories in the comics, Daredevil works together with Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, as individuals or in a group.[270]

### Romantic interests

[edit]

Daredevil has a convoluted and often tortured love life. His relationships often end badly. The longest connections he has maintained with women have been with other costumed fighters: Black Widow and Elektra. The relatively high number of violent deaths for his partners has been criticized as examples of the women in refrigerators trope, according to which female characters in comic books are often disposable and serve as plot devices to motivate or complicate male heroes.[271]

Murdock had a long-term relationship with Karen Page. Initially, Murdock and Foggy Nelson constituted a love triangle with Page, with each vying for affections.[272] Murdock revealed his secret identity to her in Daredevil #56 (September 1969).[273] Page has various doubts and anxieties about her relationship.[274] However, in Daredevil #86 (January 1972), Page leaves to pursue an acting career in Hollywood.[272] He maintains an on-again off-again relationship until her tragic death. Like Elektra, Page is murdered by Bullseye; but she is never resurrected.[275]

In the 1970s, he had a romantic relationship with Black Widow, who fought crime with him while they were in San Francisco. They cohabited, a daring choice for the time.[276] She complained about Daredevil's sexist attitudes, and broke off the relationship because she did not want to feel like a sidekick.[277] They remain close confidantes in ensuing stories, some of which suggest the possibility of resuming the relationship.[278] Some critics suggest that the series consistently presents Black Widow as the best match for Daredevil.[279][280]

In the later 1970s, Daredevil began a relationship with heiress and party girl Heather Glenn. He revealed his identity to her in a 1977 storyline,[281] As Young puts it, Glenn has "a casual and flirty manner, and a voracious sexual appetite;" she is also elusive and casual regarding her relationship with Murdock. Young compares to her to one of the Sternwood sisters from Chandler's The Big Sleep.[282] Glenn eventually kills herself, in Daredevil #220 (March 1985).[283] As initially characterized by Gerry Conway, Glenn is somewhat stereotyped because of her flighty nature. However, Young argues that the Miller period gives her a degree of verisimilitude, even arguing that she has more depth than Chris Claremont's female heroes.[284] In contrast, J. Andrew Deman has argued that Miller's depiction of women is much more stereotypical than Clarement's.[285]

In the late 1990s, he had a brief relationship with Maya Lopez, a deaf woman and skilled martial artist. While Murdock and Lopez fell in love, Lopez was manipulated by the Kingpin into believing that Daredevil had killed her father (while it was Kingpin himself who was responsible) Under the name Echo, Lopez fought Daredevil and was eventually convinced of his innocence.[286]

In the 2000s, Murdock marries a woman named Milla Donovan.[287] Donovan shares Murdock's disability.[288] Eventually, one of Daredevil's enemies drives her to insanity.[289]

### Enemies

[edit]

Main article: List of Daredevil enemies

In his early years, Daredevil fought a number of costumed supervillains, such as the Owl, the Purple Man, and the Matador.[290] Critics have noted similarities between Daredevil's early rogue's gallery and the villains associated with Batman, the popular character published by Marvel's competitor, DC Comics.[291] Marv Wolfman introduced the psychopathic assassin Bullseye in 1976.[292]

Frank Miller's run on Daredevil pared down the rogue's gallery to Kingpin, previously introduced as an antagonist of Spider-Man, and Bullseye.[293] The Kingpin learned Daredevil's secret identity in the "Born Again" storyline.[294] In Daredevil #254, Ann Nocenti introduced Typhoid Mary, an assassin for the Kingpin with dissociative identity disorder (the diagnostic term for multiple personalities), who would become a prominent Daredevil foe.[295][296] Nocenti created Typhoid Mary after reflecting on experiences working in asylums for the mentally ill, about the condition of bipolar disorder, and about stereotypes regarding women in comic books.[297]

Subsequent writers, such as Jeph Loeb, Brian Michael Bendis and Ed Brubaker, have re-introduced the Daredevil's rogues gallery of the 1960s, particularly the Owl; however, in the new interpretations they are "radically different from their original incarnation – nastier, meaner, and more cruel."[298]

## Reception

[edit]

Daredevil has been inspirational for readers with disabilities, particularly those with visual impairment. For example, Tom Sullivan, a blind man, writes that "When I read my first Daredevil in the mid-'60s, I decided Matt Murdock represented everything I thought I could be." Further, he argues that blind people in real life sometimes experience enhanced awareness of other senses, like Daredevil and that this can help them in athletics; he credits inspiration from Daredevil with cultivating his own abilities.[299] Christine Hanefalk suggests that the character is a useful figure for imagining the experiences of visually-impaired people, and can help to cultivate empathy for their perspective.[300]

Daredevil was also groundbreaking in the degree of violence that could be depicted in a mainstream superhero comic book, particularly in the instance of the murder of Elektra by Bullseye in 1982.[301]

Daredevil was also a strong inspiration for the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The concept took its ninja imagery from Daredevil.[302] In the original comics, the characters were even implied to be the pet turtles of Matt Murdock, who mutated as a result of the same accident that gave him superpowers.[303]

Joe Quesada, an editor at Marvel, says that Kevin Smith's authorship of the "Guardian Devil" arc of the Daredevil series in 1998-1999 "changed everything" and that this is "probably the single most important development in this particular era of comics, from the '90s to today." Quesada says this is because Smith was the first Hollywood director to write a mainstream superhero comic, and this encouraged subsequent authorship of comics by writers from film, TV, and literature.[304]

## In other media

[edit]

Main article: Daredevil in other media

Charlie Cox portrays Daredevil in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

Daredevil has appeared in various other media, particularly in television and film.

He was first adapted in the television film The Trial of the Incredible Hulk (1989), portrayed by Rex Smith.[305] A Daredevil live-action feature film starring Ben Affleck as the character and directed by Mark Steven Johnson was released in 2003. The film received mixed reviews from critics, and was a moderate box-office success.[306]

In 2015, a Daredevil television series set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, starring Charlie Cox as the protagonist and created by Drew Goddard, premiered on Netflix and lasted for three seasons until 2018.[307] It was acclaimed by critics and attracted a cult following from fans.[308][309] Executive producer Steven S. DeKnight said that it took inspiration from the Frank Miller period as well as the storylines by Brian Michael Bendis and Alex Maleev, with Maleev's art in particular providing "a template for the look of the show".[310] Then-Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that Marvel's Netflix series, such as Daredevil, could later be adapted as feature films if they were sufficiently popular.[311] A revival and continuation of the series, Daredevil: Born Again, premiered on Disney+ in 2025, with Cox reprising the role.[312] Cox also plays the character in the crossover miniseries The Defenders (2017),[313] the film Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021),[314] and the Disney+ series She-Hulk: Attorney at Law (2022),[315] Echo (2024),[316] and Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man (2025).[317]

## See also

[edit]

* List of Daredevil titles
* 1964 in comics
* Animal echolocation

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Murray 2013, p. 3.
2. ^ Murray 2013, p. 5.
3. ^ Murray 2013, p. 6.
4. ^ Young 2016, p. 22.
5. ^ Peters 2020, p. 3-6.
6. ^ Young 2016, p. 26-27.
7. ^ Murray 2013, p. 7.
8. ^ De Falco 2022, p. 94.
9. ^ Murray 2013, p. 5-6.
10. ^ Murray 2013, p. 7.
11. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 185.
12. ^ Murray 2013, p. 14.
13. ^ Murray 2013, p. 8-9.
14. ^ Murray 2013, p. 8.
15. ^ Duarte 2013, p. 13-20.
16. ^ Callahan 2013, p. 25.
17. ^ Callahan 2013, p. 21-31.
18. ^ Callahan 2013, p. 31.
19. ^ McLaughlin 2007, p. 185. "There was a Daredevil story about a blind guy that I loved [issue #47]."
20. ^ Lee, Stan (1991). "Brother, Take My Hand!". The Very Best of Marvel Comics. Marvel Comics. p. 157\. ISBN 0-87135-809-3.
21. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 102-104.
22. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 104-108.
23. ^ Sanderson 2022, p. 147.
24. ^ Harvey 2008, p. 4.
25. ^ Frankel 2017, p. 57.
26. ^ Frankel 2017, p. 62.
27. ^ a b c d Frankel 2017, p. 63.
28. ^ a b Harvey 2008, p. 6.
29. ^ Carson, Lex (December 2010). "Daredevil and the Black Widow: A Swinging Couple of Crimefighters". Back Issue! (45). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 31–38.
30. ^ Young 2016, p. 31.
31. ^ Sanderson 2022, p. 165.
32. ^ a b Mithra, Kuljit (July 1998). "Interview With Jim Shooter". ManWithoutFear.com. Archived from the original on March 21, 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
33. ^ Young 2016, p. 40.
34. ^ Young 2016, p. 55-56.
35. ^ Young 2016, p. 70-71.
36. ^ Sanderson 2022, p. 179.
37. ^ Young 2016, p. 34.
38. ^ a b Mithra, Kuljit (February 1998). "Interview With Dennis O'Neil". ManWithoutFear.com. Archived from the original on March 21, 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
39. ^ "The Frank Miller/Klaus Janson Interview," Peter Sanderson, reprinted in Miller and Janson, p. 779.
40. ^ Young 2016, p. 8.
41. ^ Young 2016, p. 17.
42. ^ Young 2016, p. 59.
43. ^ Young 2016, p. 61.
44. ^ Young 2016. p. 72-73.
45. ^ Helvie 2013, p. 38-39
46. ^ Young 2016, p. 170-177.
47. ^ Flinn, Tom. "Writer's Spotlight: Frank Miller: Comics' Noir Auteur," ICv2: Guide to Graphic Novels #40 (Q1 2007).
48. ^ Miller and Janson, p. 775, 786.
49. ^ Irving in NYCGraphicNovelists.com
50. ^ Kraft, David Anthony; Salicup, Jim (April 1983). "Frank Miller's Ronin". Comics Interview. No. 2\. Fictioneer Books. pp. 7–21.
51. ^ Young 2016, p. 62.
52. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 9.
53. ^ DeFalco 2022a, p. 190-192.
54. ^ DeFalco 2022a, p. 197.
55. ^ DeFalco 2022a, p. 216.
56. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 104, Murphy 2013, p. 150.
57. ^ Brian Cronin, "Why Did Daredevil's Mom Become a Nun?", CBR, August 28, 2016. [1]
58. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 105.
59. ^ Deman 2023, p. 6.
60. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 214.
61. ^ Mithra, Kuljit (October 1998). "Interview with Ann Nocenti". ManWithoutFear.com. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013.
62. ^ DeFalco 2022a, p. 225.
63. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 121.
64. ^ Vecchiolla 2018, p. 182-183.
65. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 124.
66. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 105.
67. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 214.
68. ^ Darius 2013, p. 168.
69. ^ Darius 2013, p. 169.
70. ^ Darius 2013, p. 169
71. ^ Manning 2022, p. 250
72. ^ Young 2016, p. 110.
73. ^ Anya Martin, Interview with Frank Miller and John Romita Jr., Marvel Age #127, August 1993, p. 14.
74. ^ Young 2016, p. 110.
75. ^ Manning 2022, p. 249
76. ^ Darius 2013, p. 173.
77. ^ Darius 2013, p. 177.
78. ^ Darius 2013, p. 182.
79. ^ Darius 2013, p. 183.
80. ^ Darius 2013, p. 184.
81. ^ Darius 2013, p. 185-190.
82. ^ Darius 2013, p. 166-190.
83. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 216.
84. ^ Shutt 1997, p. 40.
85. ^ Manning 2022, p. 272-273.
86. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 107-108.
87. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 110-111.
88. ^ Murphy 2013, p. 155.
89. ^ Aldama 2017, p. 50.
90. ^ Lindsay 2013a, 98-99.
91. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 218.
92. ^ Helvie 2013, p. 41-43.
93. ^ Manning 2022a, p. 287
94. ^ Cormier 2013, p. 204.
95. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 218.
96. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 128.
97. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 134.
98. ^ Thurman 2013, p. 192-196.
99. ^ Cormier 2013, p. 203.
100. ^ Northmore 2013, p. 53-54.
101. ^ Cormier 2013, p. 201-202.
102. ^ Young 2016, p. 90.
103. ^ "Thoughts on Working with Alex Maleev," Daredevil by Brian Michael Bendis and Alex Maleev Ultimate Collection Book 2, 2012.
104. ^ Hahn, Joel (ed.). "Will Eisner Awards [1988-2007]". Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on November 2, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
105. ^ Young 2016, p. 90.
106. ^ Manning 2022a, p. 313.
107. ^ Interview with John Rhett Thomas, in Daredevil by Ed Brubaker and Michael Lark Ultimate Collection Book 1, 2012.
108. ^ Lindsay 2013, p. 139.
109. ^ Manning 2022a, p. 313.
110. ^ a b Brady, Matt (July 27, 2006). "Spoiler Sport: Who Was That Daredevil-Masked Man?". Newsarama. Archived from the original on November 19, 2006. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
111. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 10
112. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 152.
113. ^ Hahn, Joel (ed.). "Will Eisner Awards [1988-2007]". Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on November 2, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
114. ^ Lindsay 2013b, p. 219-233.
115. ^ Phegley, Kiel (March 26, 2009). "Diggle on Daredevil". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2009.
116. ^ Brady, Matt (March 24, 2009). "Moving into Hell's Kitchen: Andy Diggle Talks Daredevil". Newsarama. Archived from the original on September 14, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2009.
117. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 171.
118. ^ Cowsill 2021, p. 115.
119. ^ Burroughs 2018, p. 137.
120. ^ Manning and Wiacek 2022, p. 338.
121. ^ Burroughs 2018, p. 137.
122. ^ Burroughs 2018, p. 138.
123. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 216-217, 244, 272.
124. ^ Manning and Wiacek 2022, p. 344.
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128. ^ Casey, Dan (November 25, 2013). "Exclusive: Mark Waid and Chris Samnee Talk Daredevil #1 for All-New Marvel NOW!". Nerdist.com. Archived from the original on May 23, 2014.
129. ^ Morse, Ben (June 9, 2011). "New Avengers: Devils You Know". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on May 25, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
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131. ^ Peters 2020, p. 9.
132. ^ Peters 2020, p. 9-10.
133. ^ Peters 2020, p. 1, 8-9.
134. ^ Peters 2020, p. 10-12.
135. ^ Peters 2020, p. 9.
136. ^ Wiacek 2022, p. 384.
137. ^ "Marvel Comics FEBRUARY 2019 Solicitations". Newsarama. June 29, 2023.
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139. ^ Wiacek 2022, p. 384.
140. ^ Wiacek 2022, p. 384.
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142. ^ Marnell, Blair (June 26, 2020). "Everything That's Happened in 'Daredevil' So Far". Marvel.com.
143. ^ Dust jacket copy, Daredevil by Chip Zdarsky: To Heaven through Hell vol. 2.
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164. ^ DeFalco 2022a, p. 197.
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167. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 128.
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170. ^ Northmore 2013, p. 53-54.
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172. ^ Burroughs 2018, p. 137.
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174. ^ Burroughs 2018, p. 137.
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184. ^ Young, p. 50-51.
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186. ^ Langley and Busch 2018, p. 45
187. ^ Miller and Janson, p. 781.
188. ^ Langley and Hanefalk 2018, p. 21-22.
189. ^ Langley and Hanefalk 2018, p. 22
190. ^ Spanakos, p. 94-97.
191. ^ Young 2016, p. 72-73.
192. ^ Scott, p. 169.
193. ^ Cressler 2022, p. 113.
194. ^ Cressler 2022, p. 117-118.
195. ^ Cressler 2022, p.118-120.
196. ^ Cressler 2022, p. 120.
197. ^ Cressler 2022, p. 123-125.
198. ^ Cressler 2022, p. 125.
199. ^ Young 2016, p. 75-77.
200. ^ Aldama 2017, p. xi, xii.
201. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 12-14.
202. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 3-5.
203. ^ Kathleen Hawkins, "With great power comes great disability," BBC News, 24 June 2014. [2]
204. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 8-11.
205. ^ Thomas, Roy (August 2011). "Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Interview!". Alter Ego (104). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 10. "The one thing that worried me about Daredevil – I wondered if blind people would be offended, because we were exaggerating so much what a blind person can do, and they might have felt that we're making it ridiculous. But I was so pleased – after the books were published, we started getting letters from charities for blind people, like the Lighthouse for the Blind in New York. Letters saying, 'We've been reading these stories to the people here and they love them, and they're so pleased you have a super-hero who is sightless.' And, oh boy, that made me feel great!"
206. ^ Helvie 2013, p. 35-38.
207. ^ Helvie 2013, p. 38-39.
208. ^ Langley and Hanefalk 2018, p. 18-29.
209. ^ Helvie 2013, p. 40.
210. ^ Young 2016, p. 40-41.
211. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 26-27.
212. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 148.
213. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 115.
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215. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 99.
216. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 100.
217. ^ Halfefalk, p. 133, 185-186.
218. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 131.
219. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 147.
220. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 148.
221. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 149-150.
222. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 168-169.
223. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 169, 269.
224. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 158-159.
225. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 165.
226. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 186.
227. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 190-191.
228. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 194-195.
229. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 220.
230. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 236-237.
231. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 205-206, 226.
232. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 229.
233. ^ Guéret, et. al. 2013, p. 67-70.
234. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 211.
235. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 207-208.
236. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 240-243.
237. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 217-219.
238. ^ Richards, Dave (April 3, 2009). "The Man Who Would Be King(pin): Irvine on Daredevil Noir". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
239. ^ DeFalco 2022a, p. 190-192.
240. ^ Cowsill 2021, p. 105.
241. ^ Brian Cronin, "Daredevil's Craziest Billy Club Gadgets," CBR, Jan 10, 2018. [3]
242. ^ Miller and Janson, p. 782-784.
243. ^ Wood and Henderson 2018, p. 167.
244. ^ DeFalco 2022a, p. 191.
245. ^ Young 2016, p. 103-116.
246. ^ DeFalco 2022a, p. 191.
247. ^ Leah Bernstein, "10 Best Elektra Comics, Ranked." CBR, August 23, 2024. [4]
248. ^ Young 2016, p. 104.
249. ^ Garski and Yen 2018, p. 138-151.
250. ^ ""Someone's Assassin:" Subverting Femme Fatale Tropes and Why Elektra Remains One of Marvels'…". December 12, 2020.
251. ^ Miller and Janson, p. 787.
252. ^ Darius 2013, p. 178.
253. ^ Young 2016, 103-116.
254. ^ "Elektra Dishes Out Vengeance in Madripoor for 'Daredevil: Woman Without Fear'".
255. ^ Helvie 2013, p. 35.
256. ^ a b Brady, Matt (March 16, 2007). "Daredevil: Battlin' Jack Murdock Debuts in June". Newsarama. Archived from the original on March 29, 2007. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
257. ^ "Daredevil Comic News and Events". Daredevil-Movies.com. 2005. Archived from the original on March 6, 2013. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
258. ^ Hanefalk 2013, p. 79-96.
259. ^ Hanefalk 2013, p. 80-81.
260. ^ Hanefalk 2013, p. 81.
261. ^ Hanefalk 2013, p. 82, 86.
262. ^ Hanefalk 2013, p. 95.
263. ^ Young 2016, p. 70-71.
264. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 159.
265. ^ Murphy 2013, p. 147-154.
266. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 148.
267. ^ Wilson 2013, p. 156-165.
268. ^ Wilson 2013a p. 72.
269. ^ Wilson 2013b, p. 78.
270. ^ Scarlet and Adams 2018, p. 15.
271. ^ Young 2016, p. 231.
272. ^ a b Young 2016, p. 62.
273. ^ Young 2016, p. 35
274. ^ Young 2016. p. 63.
275. ^ Daredevil: Guardian Devil.
276. ^ Young 2016, p. 27-28.
277. ^ Young 2016, p. 27.
278. ^ "11 Marvel Characters Black Widow Has Had A Relationship With". CBR. January 30, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
279. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 103.
280. ^ Garski and Yen 2018, p. 148-149.
281. ^ Young 2016, p. 34-35.
282. ^ Young 2016, p. 63.
283. ^ Young 2016, p. 231-232.
284. ^ Young 2016, p. 64-65.
285. ^ Deman 2023, p. 6.
286. ^ Aldama 2017, p. 50.
287. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 133.
288. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 128.
289. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 143.
290. ^ Duarte 2013, p. 13-20.
291. ^ Duarte 2013, p. 15-18.
292. ^ Sanderson 2022, p. 165.
293. ^ Young 2016, p. 93.
294. ^ Murphy 2013, 150.
295. ^ DeFalco 2022a, p. 225.
296. ^ Lindsay 2013a, p. 121.
297. ^ Vecchiolla 2018, p. 182-183.
298. ^ Northmore 2013, p. 52-53.
299. ^ Tom Sullivan, introduction to Daredevil vol. 1 HC (2003), reprinted in Daredevil: Guardian Devil by Kevin Smith, 2018.
300. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 284.
301. ^ Young 2016, p. 11-12.
302. ^ Young 2016, p. 109.
303. ^ "How 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' Went From In-Joke to Blockbuster". Rolling Stone. August 14, 2014. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
304. ^ Joe Quesada, introduction to Daredevil: Guardian Devil Premiere HC, reprinted in Marvel Knights Daredevil by Smith and Quesada: Guardian Devil, 2018
305. ^ Goldman, Eric (May 2, 2012). "The Avengers: Hulk's TV History – A look back at the Green Goliath on television". IGN. p. 2\. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
306. ^ Klock 2013, p. 208-217.
307. ^ Lieberman, David (November 7, 2013). "Netflix Picks Up Four Marvel Live-Action Series & A Mini Featuring Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, Luke Cage For 2015 Launch". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
308. ^ "Marvel's Daredevil: Season 1". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
309. ^ Hanefalk 2022, p. 285-286.
310. ^ Langley and Busch 2018, p. 46.
311. ^ Graser, Marc (November 7, 2013). "Why Disney Chose to Put Marvel's New TV Shows on Netflix". Variety. Archived from the original on February 15, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
312. ^ "Daredevil: Born Again Stars Promise to ‘Blow Up’ the Netflix Past", IGN, March 1, 2025. [5]
313. ^ Truitt, Brian (November 20, 2015). "Jessica Jones star Mike Colter a powerhouse as Luke Cage". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
314. ^ Acuna, Kirsten. "'Spider-Man: No Way Home' brings back a beloved character fans never thought they'd see again". Insider. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
315. ^ Jordan Moreau, "Charlie Cox Explains Daredevil’s Return in ‘She-Hulk,’ What to Expect in ‘Born Again’ and His Yellow Suit: ‘I Got Goosebumps’," Variety, Oct 17, 2022.[6]
316. ^ Jeremy Dick, "Charlie Cox Hopes for Daredevil to Reunite With Alaqua Cox's Echo in the MCU," CBR, Aug 18, 2024. [7]
317. ^ Kevin Erdmann, ScreenRant, February 12, 2025. [8]

### Bibliography

[edit]

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* Cowsill, Alan (2021). The Way of the Warrior: Marvel's Mightiest Martial Artists. DK. ISBN 978-0-7440-2719-8.
* Cressler, Matthew J. (2022). "Daredevil: The Man Without Fear and White Catholic Masculinities." CrossCurrents, vol. 72, no. 2, June, University of North Carolina Press, p. 112-136.
* Deman, J. Andrew (2023). The Claremont Run: Subverting Gender in the X-Men. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-4773-3075-3.
* Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2022). Marvel Year by Year: A Visual History. New Edition. DK. ISBN 978-0-7440-5451-4.
* DeFalco, Tom. "1960s". In Gilbert, pp. 70-135.
* DeFalco, Tom (2022a). "1980s". In Gilbert, pp. 184-233.
* Manning, Matthew K. "1990s". In Gilbert, pp. 234-279.
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* Manning, Matthew K. and Stephen (Win) Wiacek. "2010s". In Gilbert, pp. 334-379.
* Sanderson, Peter. "1970s". In Gilbert, pp. 136-183.
* Wiacek, Stephen (Win). "2020s". In Gilbert, pp. 380-389.
* Ginn, Sherry, ed. (2017). Marvel's Black Widow from Spy to Superhero: Essays on an Avenger with a Very Specific Skill Set. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-9819-2.
* Frankel, Valerie Estelle. "'Eyes front, Ivan!' The Comic Books' Journey through Fashions and Men". In Ginn (2017), pp. 52–71.
* Hanefalk, Christine (2022). Being Matt Murdock: One Fan's Journey Into the Science of Daredevil. Tomp Press. ISBN 978-91-987965-0-6.
* Harvey, Allan (2008). "Black Widow: The Gloria Steinem of the Jump-Suit Set". Back Issue!. No. 26\. TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 3–7.
* Langley, Travis, ed. (2018). Daredevil Psychology: The Devil You Know. Sterling. ISBN 978-1-4549-3011-2.
* Garski, Larisa A. and Jennifer L. Yen. "Elektra: Portrait of the Assassin as a Young Woman". In Langley, pp. 138-151.
* Langley, Rebecca M. "Mother Superior, Feeling Inferior: Post-Partum Depression and the Mother He Didn't Know". In Langley (2018), pp. 125-137.
* Langley, Travis and Christine Hanefalk. "The Truth About the Dare: Who Seeks Thrills and Chills?" In Langley (2018), pp. 18-29.
* Langley, Travis and Jenna Busch. "Interview with Marvel's Daredevil Executive Producer Steven S. DeKnight: Running the Show in Hell's Kitchen". In Langley (2018), pp. 40-49.
* Scarlet, Janina and Travis Adams. "Learning to See the Hero You Are: Posttraumatic Growth After Physical Injury". In Langley (2018), pp. 9-17.
* Vecchiolla, Laura. "What Lurks in Shadow: Jung's Notion of the Devil and Evil in Daredevil". In Langley (2018), pp. 175-186.
* Wood, Mara and Jeffrey Henderson. "Making Relationships Work". In Langley (2018), pp. 163-171.
* Lindsay, Ryan K., ed. (2013). The Devil is in the Details: Examining Matt Murdock and Daredevil. Sequart Organization. ISBN 978-0-5780-7373-6.
* Callahan, Timothy. "Being Mike Murdock". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 21-31.
* Cormier, Jon. "When Things Falls Apart in Hell's Kitchen: Postcolonialism in Bendis's Daredevil". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 197-207.
* Darius, Julian. "What Fall from Grace? Reappraising the Chichester Years". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 166-191.
* Duarte, Matt. "Grabbing the Devil by the Horns: Daredevil and His Early Rogues Gallery". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 13-20.
* Guéret, Stéphane, Marie-Laure Saulnier, Manuella Hyvard, and Nicolas Labarre. "Science Fact!" In Lindsay (2013), pp. 58-70.
* Hanefalk, Christine. "The Life and Times of Foggy Nelson". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 79-97.
* Helvie, Forrest C. "Daredevil and the Missing Father: Why Fathers Matter in Super-Hero Origins". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 32-44.
* Klock, Geoff. "Daredevil: Intermediate Super-Hero Filmmaking". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 208-218.
* Lindsay, Ryan K. (2013a). "Blind Dates and Broken Hearts: The Tragic Loves of Matthew Murdock". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 98–147.
* Lindsay, Ryan K. (2013b). "The Only Way is Down: Brubaker's Saga as '70s Cinematic Noir". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 98–147.
* Murphy, Vinny. "Daredevil and Spider-Man: Dark Alleys and Bright Lights". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 147-155.
* Murray, Will. "A Different Daredevil". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 3-12.
* Northmore, Henry. "There Will be Blood: Daredevil's Violent Tendencies". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 45-57.
* Thurman, Kevin. ".22 Caliber, a Girl's Gun: Vanessa Fisk and Freedom of Action". In Lindsay (2013), pp. 192-196.
* Wilson, M.S. (2013a) "Daredevil and Punisher: Polar Opposites?" In Lindsay (2013), pp. 156-165.
* Wilson, M.S. (2013b) "Daredevil: Not Ready for Primetime?" In Lindsay (2013), pp. 71-78.
* McLaughlin, Jeff (2007). Stan Lee: Conversations. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. p. 185\. ISBN 978-1578069859.
* Miller, Frank and Klaus Janson (2022). Daredevil by Frank Miller and Klaus Janson Omnibus. Marvel. ISBN 978-1-302-94553-4.
* Peters, Timothy D. (2020) "Daredevil as Legal Emblem." Law, Technology and Humans. vol. 2, no. 2.
* Shutt, Craig (January 1997). "Devil of a Time". Wizard. No. 65\. pp. 38–42.
* Scott, Kevin Michael (2018). “‘It’s Just Us Here’: Daredevil and the Trauma of Big Power.” Working-Class Comic Book Heroes: Class Conflict and Populist Politics in Comics, edited by Marc DiPaolo, University Press of Mississippi, pp. 169–90.
* Spanakos, Anthony Peter (2014). "Hell's Kitchen's Prolonged Crisis and Would-be Sovereigns: Daredevil, Hobbes, and Schmitt," PS: Political Science and Politics, Vol. 47, No. 1, January, pp. 94-97
* Young, Paul (2016). Frank Miller's Daredevil and the Ends of Heroism. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813563817.

* v
* t
* e

Daredevil

Stan Lee and Bill Everett

Supporting
characters|

* Avengers
* Black Cat
* Black Widow
* Blindspot
* Luke Cage
* The Chaste
* Stick
* Defenders
* Big Ben Donovan
* Milla Donovan
* Echo
* Elektra
* Vanessa Fisk
* Gladiator
* Heroes for Hire
* Iron Fist
* Jessica Jones
* Master Izo
* Brett Mahoney
* Jack Murdock
* Maggie Murdock
* Moon Knight
* Foggy Nelson
* New Avengers
* Dakota North
* Karen Page
* Punisher
* She-Hulk
* Spider-Man
* Blake Tower
* Ben Urich
* White Tiger
* Hector Ayala
* Angela del Toro

Antagonists|

| Common antagonists|

* Bullseye
* Gladiator
* Jester
* Kingpin
* Mister Fear
* Owl
* Purple Man
* Stilt-Man
* Typhoid Mary

|

Group enemies|

* Ani-Men
* Emissaries of Evil
* Enforcers
* Hand
* Maggia
* Sons of the Serpent

Other supervillains|

* Bengal
* Blackwing
* Black Tarantula
* Alexander Bont
* Bushwacker
* Copperhead
* Crusher
* Death-Stalker
* Death's Head
* Damon Dran
* Richard Fisk
* Hammerhead
* Lady Bullseye
* Leap-Frog
* Machinesmith
* Man-Bull
* Masked Marauder
* Mind-Wave
* Mister Hyde
* Montana
* Muse
* Mysterio
* Nuke
* Paladin
* Ringmaster
* Silvermane
* Shock
* Synapse
* Tombstone
* Turk Barrett

Other versions|

* Dare the Terminator
* Darkdevil
* End of Days
* Kingpin / Matt Murdock
* Ultimate Daredevil

Publications|

* Daredevil
* Daredevil/Batman: Eye for an Eye
* Batman/Daredevil: King of New York
* Daredevil: The Man Without Fear
* Daredevil/Bullseye: The Target
* Daredevil: End of Days
* Ultimate Daredevil and Elektra
* Ultimate Elektra
* Daredevil: Reborn
* The Daredevils
* Daredevil Noir

Storylines|

* "Born Again"
* "Guardian Devil"
* "Without Fear"
* "Return of the King"
* "Shadowland"
* "Ninja"
* "Chinatown"
* "Devil's Reign"
* "Gang War"

Other media|

* Daredevil vs Spider-Man
* Daredevil (film)
* soundtrack
* video game
* Elektra

Daredevil (TV series)|

* Seasons
* 1
* 2
* 3
* Characters
* Matt Murdock
* Wilson Fisk
* Frank Castle
* Claire Temple

Daredevil: Born Again|

* Seasons
* 1
* 2

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Avengers characters

Founding
members|

* Ant-Man (Hank Pym)
* Captain America
* Hulk
* Iron Man
* Thor
* Wasp (Janet van Dyne)

Recurring
members|

* 3-D Man
* Agent Venom
* Ant-Man
* Scott Lang
* Eric O'Grady
* Ares
* Beast
* Black Cat
* Black Knight
* Black Panther
* Black Widow
* Claire Voyant
* Natasha Romanova
* Blade
* Blue Marvel
* Brother Voodoo
* Cable
* Cannonball
* Captain Britain
* Brian Braddock
* Kelsey Kirkland
* Captain Marvel
* Monica Rambeau
* Carol Danvers
* Crystal
* Daredevil
* Deadpool
* Doctor Druid
* Doctor Strange
* Echo
* Eternals
* Gilgamesh
* Sersi
* Falcon
* Fantastic Four
* Mister Fantastic
* Invisible Woman
* Human Torch
* Thing
* Firebird
* Firestar
* Ghost Rider (Robbie Reyes)
* Hawkeye
* Clint Barton
* Kate Bishop
* Hellcat
* Hercules
* Human Torch
* Iron Fist
* Jack of Hearts
* Jocasta
* Justice
* Kaluu
* Luke Cage
* Manifold
* Mantis
* Mockingbird
* Moondragon
* Moon Knight
* Ms. Marvel
* Namor
* Namora
* Nebula
* Nova
* Richard Rider
* Sam Alexander
* Protector
* Quake
* Quasar
* Quicksilver
* Red Hulk
* Rogue
* Scarlet Witch
* Sentry
* Shang-Chi
* She-Hulk
* Spider-Man
* Peter Parker
* Miles Morales
* Spider-Woman
* Jessica Drew
* Julia Carpenter
* Starfox
* Stingray
* Storm
* Sunspot
* Swordsman
* Thor (Jane Foster)
* Thunderstrike
* Tigra
* U.S. Agent
* Valkyrie
* Vision
* War Machine
* Wasp (Nadia van Dyne)
* Winter Soldier
* White Tiger
* Wolverine
* Wonder Man

Other
characters|

| Supporting
characters|

* Agent 13
* Asgardians
* Balder the Brave
* Eitri
* Frigga
* Heimdall
* Sif
* Odin
* Warriors Three
* Fandral
* Hogun
* Volstagg
* Aunt May
* Ben Urich
* Beta Ray Bill
* Betty Ross
* Daily Bugle
* Betty Brant
* J. Jonah Jameson
* Doc Samson
* Dora Milaje
* Nakia
* Okoye
* Edwin Jarvis
* Erik Selvig
* Fabian Stankowicz
* Guardsman
* Happy Hogan
* H.E.R.B.I.E.
* John Jameson
* Marrina Smallwood
* Mary Jane Watson
* Pepper Potts
* Rick Jones
* Shuri
* Wong

|

Allies|

* Alpha Flight
* Champions
* The Challenger
* Citizen V
* Defenders
* Eternals
* Ajak
* Druig
* Ikaris
* Kingo Sunen
* Makkari
* Phastos
* Sprite
* Thena
* Fantastic Four
* Mister Fantastic
* Invisible Woman
* Human Torch
* Thing
* Guardians of the Galaxy
* Drax the Destroyer
* Gamora
* Groot
* Mantis
* Nebula
* Rocket Raccoon
* Star-Lord
* Inhumans
* Black Bolt
* Gorgon
* Karnak
* Lockjaw
* Medusa
* Triton
* Jessica Jones
* Ka-Zar
* Mar-Vell
* Midnight Sons
* Elsa Bloodstone
* Morbius
* Werewolf by Night
* New Warriors
* Red Raven
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Maria Hill
* Nick Fury
* Phil Coulson
* Silver Surfer
* Time Variance Authority
* Thunderbolts
* Atlas
* Fixer
* Ghost
* MACH-I
* Moonstone
* Songbird
* Uatu the Watcher
* Ultraforce
* Prime
* The Whizzer
* Robert Frank
* The Witness
* X-Men
* Angel
* Banshee
* Beast
* Colossus
* Cyclops
* Gambit
* Havok
* Iceman
* Jean Grey (Phoenix)
* Jubilee
* Kitty Pryde
* Nightcrawler
* Professor X
* Rogue
* Storm
* Wolverine

Neutral allies|

* Elektra
* Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze)
* Henry Peter Gyrich
* Punisher
* Ronin
* Sandman
* Squadron Supreme
* Hyperion
* Thunderbolt Ross
* Venom
* Yelena Belova

Enemies|

| Central
rogues|

* Baron Zemo
* Heinrich Zemo
* Helmut Zemo
* Blood Brothers
* Collector
* Count Nefaria
* Doctor Doom
* Dormammu
* Dracula
* Enchantress
* Galactus
* Grandmaster
* Graviton
* Green Goblin
* Norman Osborn
* Grim Reaper
* High Evolutionary
* Hood
* Kang the Conqueror
* Loki
* Magneto
* Mephisto
* MODOK
* Onslaught
* Radioactive Man
* Ronan the Accuser
* Red Skull
* Super-Adaptoid
* Taskmaster
* Thanos
* Ultron

|

Other
supervillains|

* Annihilus
* Ares
* Arkon
* Attuma
* Baron Strucker
* Beyonder
* Carnage
* Crossbones
* Doctor Octopus
* Egghead
* Ghaur
* Grey Gargoyle
* Griffin
* Klaw
* Knull
* Korvac
* Leader
* Mandarin
* Master Pandemonium
* Maximus
* Mentallo
* Morgan le Fay
* Powderkeg
* Ravonna
* Super-Skrull
* Veranke
* Whirlwind

Organizations|

* Acolytes
* A.I.M.
* Black Order
* Brotherhood of Mutants
* Celestials
* Chitauri
* Dark Avengers
* Enclave
* Frightful Four
* H.A.M.M.E.R.
* The Hand
* Hydra
* Kree
* Legion of the Unliving
* Lethal Legion
* Maggia
* Masters of Evil
* Mindless Ones
* Secret Empire
* Serpent Society
* Sinister Six
* Skrulls
* Sons of the Serpent
* Squadron Sinister
* Symbiotes
* U-Foes
* Wrecking Crew
* Zodiac

Alternative
versions|

| Alternate versions
of the Avengers|

* A-Force
* A-Next
* Agents of Atlas
* Avengers A.I.
* Avengers Academy
* Dark Avengers
* Force Works
* Great Lakes Avengers
* Mighty Avengers
* New Avengers
* Members
* Secret Avengers
* Ultimates
* Members
* Uncanny Avengers
* U.S.Avengers
* West Coast Avengers
* Members
* Young Avengers

|

Marvel Cinematic
Universe|

* Bruce Banner
* Clint Barton
* Carol Danvers
* Nick Fury
* J.A.R.V.I.S.
* Scott Lang
* Wanda Maximoff
* Nebula
* Peter Parker
* James Rhodes
* Rocket
* Natasha Romanoff
* Steve Rogers
* Xu Shang-Chi
* Tony Stark
* Thor
* Vision
* Sam Wilson

Others|

* Captain America
* Iron Man
* Thor

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Black Widow

* Stan Lee
* Don Rico
* Don Heck

Characters|

* Claire Voyant
* Natasha Romanoff
* Yelena Belova

Supporting characters|

* Captain America
* Daredevil
* Hawkeye
* Hulk
* Iron Man
* Maria Hill
* Mockingbird
* Nick Fury
* Punisher
* Red Guardian
* Thor
* Winter Soldier
* Wolverine

Teams|

* Avengers
* Mighty
* Secret
* Champions
* Heroes for Hire
* Lady Liberators
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Thunderbolts

Enemies|

* A.I.M.
* Black Spectre
* Crimson Dynamo
* Damon Dran
* Femizons
* HYDRA
* Iron Maiden
* Taskmaster
* Viper (Madame Hydra)

Publications|

* Amazing Adventures
* Marvel Fanfare
* Fury/Black Widow: Death Duty
* The Twelve
* Widowmaker

In other media|

* Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher
* Natasha Romanoff (MCU)
* Iron Man 2
* The Avengers
* Captain America: The Winter Soldier
* Avengers: Age of Ultron
* Captain America: Civil War
* Avengers: Infinity War
* Avengers: Endgame
* Black Widow
* soundtrack
* Dottie Underwood (MCU)
* Agent Carter
* Yelena Belova (MCU)
* Black Widow
* soundtrack
* Hawkeye
* Thunderbolts*
* Marvel's Wastelanders

Alternative versions|

* Monica Chang
* Ultimate Spider-Woman

* Category

* v
* t
* e

The Punisher

Created by Gerry Conway, Ross Andru and John Romita Sr. in "The Punisher Strikes Twice!"

Characters|

| Supporting|

* Daredevil
* G. W. Bridge
* Rachel Cole-Alves
* Rampage
* Lynn Michaels
* Mickey Fondozzi
* Martin Soap
* Nick Fury
* Outlaw
* Spider-Man

|

Enemies|

* Barracuda
* Bullseye
* Bushwacker
* Damage
* Hitman
* Hood
* Jigsaw
* Kingpin
* Lady Gorgon
* Ma Gnucci
* Microchip
* Mister Negative
* Olivier
* Rapido
* Rev
* Russian
* Saracen
* Sniper

Titles|

| Main|

* 1986 series
* 1987 series
* 1995 series
* 1998 series
* 2000 series
* 2001 series
* 2004 series
* 2009 series
* 2011 series
* 2014 series

|

Spin-offs|

* War Journal
* 1988 series
* 2006 series
* War Zone
* 1992 series
* 2008 series
* 2012 series
* 2099
* Punisher Max
* Cosmic Ghost Rider

Other|

* Punisher P.O.V.
* Archie Meets the Punisher
* Punisher Kills the Marvel Universe
* Born
* The Platoon
* The End
* In the Blood
* 5 Ronin

In other
media|

| Films|

* The Punisher (1989)
* score
* The Punisher (2004)
* score
* album
* Punisher: War Zone
* score
* soundtrack
* Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher

| Fan films|

* Dirty Laundry
* Do Not Fall in New York City

|

Video games|

* The Punisher (computer)
* The Punisher (NES)
* The Punisher: The Ultimate Payback!
* The Punisher (1993)
* The Punisher (2005)
* The Punisher: No Mercy

Television|

* The Punisher
* season 1
* 2
* Frank Castle

Related|

* Garth Ennis
* The 'Nam
* Palm Beach Punishers
* Shadowmasters

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Spider-Man characters

Spider-Man family|

| By secret identity|

* Spider-Man
* Spider-Woman
* Scarlet Spider
* Spider-Girl
* Silk
* Spider-Boy

|

By public identity|

| Parker
family|

* Peter Parker
* Ben Reilly
* Mayday Parker
* Kaine Parker
* Ashley Barton
* Peni Parker
* Claire Parker
* Richard Parker II

|

Other|

* Jessica Drew
* Julia Carpenter
* Miguel O'Hara
* Mattie Franklin
* Anya Corazon
* Miles Morales
* Superior Spider-Man/Otto Octavius
* Cindy Moon
* Gwen Stacy
* Gwen Warren
* Bailey Briggs
* Maka Akana
* Kurt Wagner

Supporting characters|

| Main support|

* Liz Allan
* Aunt May
* Betty Brant
* Eddie Brock
* Carlie Cooper
* Jean DeWolff
* Glory Grant
* J. Jonah Jameson
* John Jameson
* Ned Leeds
* Madame Web
* Harry Osborn
* Richard and Mary Parker
* Teresa Parker
* Randy Robertson
* Robbie Robertson
* George Stacy
* Gwen Stacy
* Flash Thompson
* Uncle Ben
* Ben Urich
* Mary Jane Watson

|

Other|

* Sally Avril
* Martha Connors
* Billy Connors
* Ethan Edwards
* Ezekiel Sims
* Anne Weying
* Vanessa Fisk
* Vin Gonzales
* Walter Hardy
* Ashley Kafka
* Jackpot
* Anna Maria Marconi
* Kenny McFarlane
* Max Modell
* Nightwatch
* Normie Osborn
* Gwenpool
* Solo
* Sarah Stacy
* Steel Spider
* Debra Whitman
* Wraith/Yuri Watanabe
* Anansi

Neutral characters|

* Anti-Venom
* Black Cat
* Cardiac
* Deadpool
* Green Goblin
* Harry Osborn
* Hybrid
* Living Brain
* Lizard/Curt Connors
* Mania
* Molten Man
* Morbius
* Prowler
* Puma
* Punisher
* Rocket Racer
* Sandman
* Silver Sable
* Toxin
* Venom
* Eddie Brock
* Flash Thompson

Superhero
allies|

* Avengers
* Black Widow
* Captain America
* Carol Danvers
* Daredevil
* Deadpool
* Doctor Strange
* Cloak and Dagger
* Fantastic Four
* Mister Fantastic
* Invisible Woman
* Human Torch
* Thing
* Firestar
* Ghost Rider
* Johnny Blaze
* Danny Ketch
* Heroes for Hire
* Hulk
* Iceman
* Iron Fist
* Iron Man
* Luke Cage
* Moon Knight
* New Avengers
* Nick Fury
* Puma
* Punisher
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Thor
* Wolverine
* X-Men

Antagonists|

| Central rogues
gallery|

* Black Cat
* Carnage
* Cletus Kasady
* Chameleon
* Doctor Octopus
* Electro
* Green Goblin
* Norman Osborn
* Hammerhead
* Hobgoblin
* Hydro-Man
* Jackal
* Kingpin
* Kraven the Hunter
* Lizard
* Mister Negative
* Mysterio
* Prowler
* Rhino
* Sandman
* Scorpion
* Shocker
* Tinkerer
* Tombstone
* Venom
* Eddie Brock
* Vulture

|

Crime lords
and mobsters|

* Big Man
* Frederick Foswell
* Enforcers
* Montana
* Man Mountain Marko
* Rose
* Richard Fisk
* Silvermane

Scientists/inventors|

* Jonas Harrow
* Alistair Smythe
* Spencer Smythe
* Farley Stillwell
* Mendel Stromm

Other
supervillains|

* Beetle
* Abner Jenkins
* Janice Lincoln
* Black Tarantula
* Bushwacker
* Calypso
* Carrion
* Cyclone
* Demogoblin
* Doppelganger
* Doctor Doom
* Foreigner
* Gibbon
* Gog
* Graviton
* Grizzly
* Hippo
* Human Fly
* Humbug
* Hunger
* Hypno-Hustler
* Jack O' Lantern
* Jason Macendale
* Juggernaut
* Kangaroo
* Kindred
* Knull
* Living Brain
* Looter
* Lady Octopus
* Man-Wolf
* Masked Marauder
* Massacre
* Mephisto
* Molten Man
* Morlun
* Overdrive
* Red Skull
* Scarecrow
* Scorcher
* Scream
* Sebastian Shaw
* Shriek
* Sin-Eater
* Slyde
* Speed Demon
* Spot
* Stegron
* Stilt-Man
* Swarm
* Tarantula
* Taskmaster
* Phil Urich
* Vermin
* Walrus
* White Rabbit
* Will o' the Wisp
* Wizard

Groups/teams|

* A.I.M.
* Elementals
* Enclave
* Enforcers
* Femme Fatales
* Frightful Four
* Hand
* Inheritors
* Jury
* Maggia
* Resistants
* Roxxon
* Savage Six
* Secret Empire
* Sinister Six
* List of members
* Sinister Syndicate
* Spider-Slayers
* Watchdogs
* Wrecking Crew
* Bulldozer
* Piledriver
* Thunderball
* Wrecker
* Zodiac

Alternative versions|

| Spider-Man|

* Miles Morales
* Mayday Parker
* Spider-UK
* Spider-Ham
* Spider-Man J
* Spider-Man 2099
* Spider-Man Noir
* Spider-Bitch
* SP//dr
* Spider-Punk
* Marvel Mangaverse version
* Spider-Man (Pavitr Prabhakar)
* Spider-Woman (Gwen Stacy)
* Ultimate Spider-Man (Earth-1610)
* Spider-Woman
* Ultimate Universe Spider-Man (Earth-6160)

|

Others|

* Green Goblin
* Ultimate Marvel Green Goblin
* Kingpin of Earth-65

In other media|

| Spider-Man film series|

* Peter Parker
* Mary Jane Watson
* Harry Osborn
* Norman Osborn
* Otto Octavius
* J. Jonah Jameson

|

The Amazing Spider-Man film series|

* Peter Parker
* Gwen Stacy

Marvel Cinematic Universe|

* Peter Parker
* MJ

Sony's Spider-Man Universe|

* Eddie Brock and Venom

Spider-Verse film series|

* Gwen Stacy

Other|

* Takuya Yamashiro
* Firestar
* Gentleman
* Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters
* Abraham Whistler
* The Spectacular Spider-Man characters

Other topics|

* Symbiotes
* Slingers

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Jessica Jones

* Brian Michael Bendis
* Michael Gaydos

Supporting characters|

* Luke Cage
* Carol Danvers
* Daredevil
* Jessica Drew
* Iron Fist
* Cassie Lang
* Scott Lang
* Spider-Man
* Clay Quartermain
* Ben Urich

Teams|

* A-Force
* Defenders
* New Avengers

Enemies|

* Man Mountain Marko
* Purple Man

Publications|

* Alias
* The Pulse
* Jessica Jones

In other media|

* Jessica Jones
* season 1
* 2
* 3
* characters

Related articles|

* Daily Bugle

* v
* t
* e

Luke Cage

* Archie Goodwin
* John Romita Sr.

Supporting characters|

* Big Ben Donovan
* Daredevil
* David Griffith
* Dakota North
* Iron Fist
* Jessica Jones
* Misty Knight
* Spider-Man
* Claire Temple
* Thing
* Colleen Wing

Enemies|

* Black Mariah
* Bushmaster
* Chemistro
* Cheshire Cat
* Cockroach Hamilton
* Comanche
* Cottonmouth
* Diamondback
* El Águila
* Gideon Mace
* Erik Josten
* Maggia
* Mr. Fish
* Nightshade/Nighthawk
* Purple Man
* Shades
* Alistair Smythe
* Steeplejack
* Zzzax

Teams|

* Avengers
* Mighty
* New
* Defenders
* Heroes for Hire
* Thunderbolts

Publications|

* Power Man and Iron Fist
* Alias
* The Pulse
* Devil's Reign
* Gang War

Other media|

* Luke Cage
* season 1
* 2
* characters
* soundtrack

Category

* v
* t
* e

Iron Fist

* Roy Thomas
* Gil Kane

Iron Fists|

* Danny Rand
* Lin Lie

Supporting characters|

* Colleen Wing
* Daredevil
* Defenders
* Jessica Jones
* Jeryn Hogarth
* Lei Kung
* Luke Cage
* Misty Knight
* New Avengers
* Shang-Chi
* Spider-Man
* Yu-Ti

Enemies|

* Angar the Screamer
* Boomerang
* Bushmaster
* Constrictor
* Crane Mother
* El Águila
* Hydra
* Master Khan
* Harold Meachum
* Ward Meachum
* Nightshade/Nighthawk
* Sabretooth
* Scimitar
* Steel Serpent
* Wong-Chu
* Wrecking Crew
* Bulldozer
* Piledriver
* Thunderball
* Wrecker
* Zhou Cheng

Teams|

* Agents of Atlas
* Avengers
* New
* Defenders
* Heroes for Hire
* Thunderbolts

Publications|

* Power Man and Iron Fist
* The Immortal Iron Fist

In other media|

* Iron Fist
* season 1
* season 2
* characters

Related articles|

* Amazing-Man
* The Deadly Hands of Kung Fu
* Gang War
* Immortal Weapons
* Shou-Lao

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Moon Knight

* Doug Moench
* Don Perlin

Supporting characters|

* Blade
* Daredevil
* Doctor Strange
* Echo
* Frenchie
* Marlene Alraune
* Ghost Rider
* Johnny Blaze
* Danny Ketch
* Khonshu
* Punisher
* Profile
* Ravonna
* Spider-Man
* Tigra
* Werewolf by Night
* Wolverine

Teams|

* Avengers
* Secret
* West Coast
* Defenders
* Heroes for Hire
* Midnight Sons

Enemies|

| Main enemies|

* Black Spectre
* Bushman
* Khonshu
* Midnight Man
* Morpheus
* Profile
* Scarlet Scarab
* Shadow Knight
* Stained Glass Scarlet
* Midnight

|

Groups|

* The Hand
* Night Shift

Other enemies|

* Amatsu-Mikaboshi
* Arsenal
* Bullseye
* Coachwhip
* Cobra
* Collective
* Count Nefaria
* Hobgoblin
* Hood
* Jester
* Killer Shrike
* Living Monolith
* Morning Star
* Ringer
* Ringmaster
* Scarecrow
* Skein
* Slug
* Taskmaster
* Werewolf by Night
* White Dragon
* Zodiac

Publications|

* Devil's Reign
* Contest of Chaos
* Blood Hunt

In other media|

* Moon Knight (miniseries)
* Marc Spector / Steven Grant

* v
* t
* e

She-Hulk

* Stan Lee
* John Buscema

Supporting
characters|

* Awesome Android
* Blonde Phantom
* Daredevil
* Doc Samson
* Hellcat
* Hulk
* Jack of Hearts
* Janet van Dyne/Wasp
* John Jameson
* Jazinda
* Lyra
* Mallory Book
* Michael Morbius
* Red She-Hulk/Betty Ross
* Hulk/Amadeus Cho
* Richard Rory
* Southpaw
* Thunderbolt Ross
* Thundra
* Wyatt Wingfoot

Teams|

* A-Force
* Avengers
* Mighty
* Defenders
* Fantastic Force
* Fantastic Four
* Femizons
* Heroes for Hire
* Lady Liberators
* S.H.I.E.L.D.

Enemies|

* Abomination
* Absorbing Man
* A.I.M.
* Champion of the Universe
* Circus of Crime
* Headmen
* Chondu the Mystic
* Gorilla-Man
* Ruby Thursday
* Leader
* Lightmaster
* Mahkizmo
* Man-Elephant
* Silencer
* Teen Abomination
* Thunderbolt Ross
* Titania
* Wrecking Crew

Television|

* The Incredible Hulk
* Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. (episodes)
* She-Hulk: Attorney at Law

* v
* t
* e

Defenders

* Roy Thomas
* Ross Andru

Founding members|

* Doctor Strange
* Hulk
* Namor
* Silver Surfer

Recurring members|

* Andromeda
* Angel
* Ant-Man
* Ardina
* Atlas
* Beast
* Beyonder
* Black Cat
* Blazing Skull
* Blue Marvel
* Captain America
* Clea Strange
* Colossus
* Dagger
* Daimon Hellstrom
* Darkhawk
* Daredevil
* Deadpool
* Deathlok
* Devil-Slayer
* Doctor Druid
* Drax the Destroyer
* Gargoyle
* Ghost Rider
* Havok
* Hawkeye
* Hellcat
* Iceman
* Iron Fist
* Jessica Jones
* Loa
* Loki
* Luke Cage
* Lyra
* Masked Raider
* Moondragon
* Ms. America
* Namorita
* Nighthawk
* Nomad
* Northstar
* Nova
* Overmind
* Paladin
* Polaris
* Red Guardian (Tania Belinsky)
* Red Raven
* Red She-Hulk/Red Harpy
* Scarlet Witch
* She-Hulk
* Sleepwalker
* Spider-Man
* Spider-Woman
* Stingray
* Thunderstrike
* Tigra
* U.S. Agent
* Valkyrie
* War Machine
* Warlord Krang
* Wasp
* Wolverine
* Yellowjacket

Other characters|

* Aragorn
* Black Knight
* Black Panther
* Ghost Rider
* Howard the Duck
* Mister Fantastic
* Punisher
* Thing
* Wonder Man
* Wong

Enemies|

| Main enemies|

* Attuma
* Dormammu
* Dracula
* Eel
* Enchantress
* Gargantua
* Loki
* Lunatik
* Mandrill
* Mephisto
* Nebulon
* Overmind
* Plantman
* Pluto
* Porcupine
* Professor Power
* Red Ghost
* Satannish

|

Group enemies|

* A.I.M.
* Brotherhood of Mutants
* Emissaries of Evil
* Cobalt Man
* Egghead
* Rhino
* Solarr
* The Hand
* Headmen
* Chondu the Mystic
* Gorilla-Man
* Ruby Thursday
* Hydra
* Maggia
* Mutant Force
* Secret Empire
* Sons of the Serpent
* Squadron Sinister
* Wrecking Crew
* Bulldozer
* Piledriver
* Thunderball
* Wrecker

Publications|

* Fearless Defenders

Other media|

* The Defenders
* Daredevil
* Defender Strange

Related topics|

* Marvel Feature

* v
* t
* e

New Avengers

* Brian Michael Bendis
* David Finch

Founding members|

* Luke Cage
* Captain America (Rogers)
* Iron Man
* Sentry
* Spider-Man
* Spider-Woman (Vernake)
* Wolverine

Later members|

* Captain America (Barnes)
* Yelena Belova
* Daredevil
* Doctor Strange
* Victoria Hand
* Iron Fist
* Jessica Jones
* Mockingbird
* Ms. Marvel
* Ronin / Hawkeye
* Spider-Woman (Drew)
* Squirrel Girl
* Thing

Enemies|

* A.I.M.
* Collective
* Crimson Cowl (Justine Hammer)
* Dark Avengers
* Decepticons
* Doctor Doom
* H.A.M.M.E.R.
* Hand
* Hood
* Hydra
* Madame Masque
* Norman Osborn
* Sauron
* Savage Land Mutates
* Skrulls
* Super-Skrull
* Thunderbolts
* U-Foes
* Wrecker

Headquarters|

* Stark Tower
* Sanctum Sanctorum
* Avengers Mansion
* S.H.I.E.L.D.

Storylines|

* Avengers Disassembled
* House of M
* Civil War
* Fallen Son: The Death of Captain America
* World War Hulk
* Avengers/Invaders
* Secret Invasion
* Dark Reign
* Siege
* Heroic Age
* Fear Itself
* Avengers vs. X-Men
* Infinity

Related series|

* Avengers
* Mighty Avengers
* Dark Avengers
* Avengers: The Initiative
* New Avengers: Illuminati
* New Avengers/Transformers
* Secret Avengers
* Secret War
* Young Avengers

Related articles|

* Victoria Hand
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Superhuman Registration Act
* Thunderbolts*

* v
* t
* e

Stan Lee

Media

| Titles|

* Backstreet Project
* Heroes for Hope
* How to Draw Comics the Marvel Way
* Just Imagine...
* Marvel Fireside Books
* Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos
* Stan Lee's God Woke
* The Amazing Spider-Man
* The Incredible Hulk
* The Sensational Spider-Man
* Ultimo
* Uncanny X-Men

|

Storylines|

* "Astonishing Tales"
* "Epic Illustrated"
* "Marvel Super-Heroes"
* "Green Goblin Reborn!"
* "If This Be My Destiny...!"
* "Snafu"
* "Stan Lee Meets..."
* "The Galactus Trilogy"
* "The Six Arms Saga"
* "This Man... This Monster!"
* "Venus"

Television series|

* Heroman
* Stan Lee's Superhumans
* Stan Lee's World of Heroes
* Stan Lee's Lucky Man
* Stripperella
* The Reflection
* Who Wants to Be a Superhero?

Films|

* The Comic Book Greats
* Stan Lee's Mutants, Monsters & Marvels
* The Condor
* Lightspeed
* Mosaic

Related|

* Joan Boocock Lee (wife)
* Larry Lieber (brother)
* List of cameos
* Stan Lee Foundation
* Stan Lee Media
* productions
* Stan Lee's LA Comic Con
* POW! Entertainment

Created

| Characters|

| Heroes|

* Ant-Man / Giant-Man
* Hank Pym
* Bill Foster
* Avengers
* Black Knight
* Sir Percy
* Black Panther
* Black Widow
* Blonde Phantom
* Brother Voodoo
* Captain Marvel
* Mar-Vell
* Linda Carter
* Daredevil
* Destroyer
* Doctor Druid
* Doctor Strange
* Falcon
* Fantastic Four
* Human Torch
* Invisible Woman
* Mister Fantastic
* Thing
* Forbush Man
* Frankenstein Monster
* Goliath
* Groot
* Hawkeye
* Hercules
* Howling Commandos
* Dum Dum Dugan
* Nick Fury
* Gabe Jones
* Eric Koenig
* Junior Juniper
* Pinky Pinkerton
* Hulk
* Inhumans
* Black Bolt
* Crystal
* Gorgon
* Karnak
* Lockjaw
* Medusa
* Triton
* Iron Man
* Ka-Zar
* Man-Thing
* Marvel Boy (Robert Grayson)
* Mimic
* Prowler
* Quicksilver
* Ravage 2099
* Rawhide Kid
* Scarlet Witch
* Sersi
* She-Hulk
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Spider-Man
* Stan Lee's Mighty 7
* Starborn
* Swordsman
* The Guardian Project
* Thor
* Two-Gun Kid
* Venus
* Adam Warlock
* Wasp
* Witness
* Wonder Man
* X-Men
* Angel
* Beast
* Cyclops
* Iceman
* Jean Grey
* Professor X
* Zombie

|

Villains|

* Abomination
* Absorbing Man
* A.I.M.
* Air-Walker
* Amphibion
* Annihilus
* Ape-Man
* Ares
* Asbestos Man
* Attuma
* Awesome Android
* Baron Mordo
* Baron Strucker
* Baron Zemo
* Heinrich Zemo
* Batroc the Leaper
* Beetle
* Abner Jenkins
* Big Man
* Frederick Foswell
* Black Knight (Nathan Garrett)
* Blastaar
* Blizzard
* Blob
* Brotherhood of Mutants
* Chameleon
* Cobra
* Collector
* Count Nefaria
* Crimson Dynamo
* Cyttorak
* Death-Stalker
* Destroyer
* Diablo
* Doctor Doom
* Doctor Faustus
* Doctor Octopus
* Doombot
* Doomsday Man
* Dormammu
* Dredmund the Druid
* Eel
* Egghead
* Ego the Living Planet
* Electro
* Emissaries of Evil
* Enchantress
* Enclave
* Enforcers
* Montana
* Executioner
* Femizons
* Fenris Wolf
* Fin Fang Foom
* Fixer
* Richard Fisk
* Frightful Four
* Galactus
* Gargoyle
* Giganto
* Gladiator
* Green Goblin
* Norman Osborn
* Grey Gargoyle
* Grizzly
* Hate-Monger
* Hela
* High Evolutionary
* Hippolyta
* Human Cannonball
* Hydra
* Immortus
* Impossible Man
* Jackal
* Jester
* Jonathan Powers
* Erik Josten
* Juggernaut
* Kaecilius
* Kala
* Kaluu
* Kangaroo
* Kang the Conqueror
* Kingpin
* Klaw
* Krang
* Kraven the Hunter
* Laufey
* Leader
* Leap-Frog
* Living Brain
* Living Laser
* Lizard
* Loki
* Looter/Meteor Man
* Lucifer
* Machinesmith
* Madame Masque
* Mad Thinker
* Maggia
* Magneto
* Man-Beast
* Mandarin
* Mangog
* Man Mountain Marko
* Masked Marauder
* Master Khan
* Mastermind
* Masters of Evil
* Maximus
* Melter
* Mentallo
* Mephisto
* Metal Master
* Midgard Serpent
* Mindless Ones
* Miracle Man
* Mister Fear
* Mister Hyde
* MODOK
* Molecule Man
* Mole Man
* Molten Man
* Monsteroso
* Mordred
* Morgan le Fay
* Mysterio
* Nightmare
* Overmind
* Owl
* Painter
* Plantman
* Plunderer
* Pluto
* Porcupine
* Princess Python
* Prowler
* Psycho-Man
* Purple Man
* Puppet Master
* Radioactive Man
* Ravonna
* Rattler
* Red Barbarian
* Red Ghost
* Rhino
* Ringmaster
* Ronan the Accuser
* Thunderbolt Ross
* Sandman
* Scarecrow
* Scorpion
* Secret Empire
* Sentinel
* Master Mold
* Bolivar Trask
* Sentry
* Shocker
* Silvermane
* Sinister Six
* Sleeper
* Sons of the Serpent
* Space Phantom
* Spencer Smythe
* Spider-Slayer
* Spymaster
* Farley Stillwell
* Stranger
* Mendel Stromm
* Strongman
* Super-Adaptoid
* Super-Skrull
* Surtur
* Swordsman
* Glenn Talbot
* Tinkerer
* Titanium Man
* Toad
* Trapster
* Tricephalous
* Tumbler
* Ulik
* Ultimo
* Unicorn
* Unus the Untouchable
* Vanisher
* Vulture
* Whiplash
* Whirlwind
* Wizard
* Wrecker
* Yon-Rogg
* Ymir
* Zarrko

Supporting|

* Liz Allan
* Ancient One
* Athena
* Sally Avril
* Aunt May
* Balder
* Bast
* Betty Brant
* Peggy Carter
* Sharon Carter
* Clea Strange
* Billy Connors
* Martha Connors
* Eternity
* Vanessa Fisk
* Jane Foster
* Frigga
* Goom
* Agatha Harkness
* Happy Hogan
* Happy Sam Sawyer
* Heimdall
* Hera
* H.E.R.B.I.E.
* Hermes
* J. Jonah Jameson
* John Jameson
* Edwin Jarvis
* Rick Jones
* Ned Leeds
* Living Tribunal
* Willie Lumpkin
* Alicia Masters
* Jack Murdock
* Foggy Nelson
* Neptune
* Harry Osborn
* Odin
* Karen Page
* Richard and Mary Parker
* Pepper Potts
* Franklin Richards
* Randy Robertson
* Robbie Robertson
* Betty Ross
* Shalla-Bal
* Sif
* Jasper Sitwell
* George Stacy
* Gwen Stacy
* Supreme Intelligence
* Franklin Storm
* T'Chaka
* Teen Brigade
* Flash Thompson
* Tyr
* Uatu
* Uncle Ben
* Anna Watson
* Mary Jane Watson
* Wong
* Wyatt Wingfoot
* Valkyrior
* Warriors Three
* Fandral
* Hogun
* Volstagg
* Yancy Street Gang
* Zabu
* Zeus

Species|

* Asgardians
* D'Bari
* Kree
* Mutants
* New Men
* Olympians
* Skrulls
* Watchers

Locations and
businesses|

* Asgard
* Avengers Mansion
* Baxter Building
* Daily Bugle
* Danger Room
* Features of Spider-Man media
* Helicarrier
* Latveria
* Negative Zone
* Oscorp
* Sanctum Sanctorum
* Savage Land
* Stark Industries
* Stark Tower
* Wakanda
* X-Mansion

Objects|

* Cerebro
* Cosmic Cube
* Eye of Agamotto
* Life Model Decoy
* Mjolnir
* Norn Stones
* Ultimate Nullifier
* Vibranium

* Category

Portals:

* Comics
* Speculative fiction

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