Darfur Dome

The Darfur Volcanic Province from ISS.

Darfur Dome or Darfur Volcanic Province is an area of about 100x400 km in Western Sudan. As well as its best-known and central feature, Deriba Crater, it encompasses the surrounding Marra Mountains (Jebel Marra) and Tagabo Hills, both formed around 16–10 Ma, and the Meidob Hills, formed around 6.8 Ma.[1]

There are currently two competing theories concerning Darfur Dome’s formation. The conventional view is that magmatism is the product of a rising mantle plume, with active volcanism being triggered by stress resolution along the Central African Fault Zone.[1][2] Evidence for a plume origin includes domal uplift, gravity anomalies, and low seismic velocity zones in the mantle,[1][2][3][4][5][6] though there is disagreement over whether these indicate a discreet, narrow plume under the Darfur region[1][2][3] or a broad superplume with conduits feeding several African hotspots.[4][5][6]

Recently, some scientists have argued for a tectonic origin in which lithospheric extension, asthenospheric shear, and small-scale convection have enabled passive melting of shallow source material.[7][8][9][10] This interpretation is supported by high seismic shear wave velocities which indicate shallow, cold downwellings[7] as well as normal heat-flow and low helium isotope ratios.[8][9]

* Deriba Caldera

* Jebel Marra Deriba Lakes

* Central Africa showing CASZ.

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Franz, G.; Pudlo, D.; Urlacher, G; Haussmann, U; Broven, A.; Wemmer, K. (1994). "The Darfur Dome, western Sudan: the product of a subcontinental mantle plume". Geologische Rundschau. 83 (3): 614–623\. Bibcode:1994GeoRu..83..614F. doi:10.1007/BF01083232. S2CID 198144219.
2. ^ a b c Franz, G.; Steiner, G.; Volker, F.; Pudlo, D.; Hammerschmidt, K. (1999). "Plume related alkaline magmatism in central Africa—the Meidob Hills (W Sudan)". Chemical Geology. 157 (1–2): 27–47\. Bibcode:1999ChGeo.157...27F. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00195-8.1–2&rft.pages=27-47&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00195-8&rft_id=info:bibcode/1999ChGeo.157...27F&rft.aulast=Franz&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Steiner,+G.&rft.au=Volker,+F.&rft.au=Pudlo,+D.&rft.au=Hammerschmidt,+K.&rft_id=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0009254198001958&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Darfur+Dome" class="Z3988">
3. ^ a b Burke, K. (1996). "The African plate". South African Journal of Geology. 99 (4): 339–410.
4. ^ a b Ebinger, C.J.; Sleep, N.H. (1998). "Cenozoic magmatism throughout east Africa resulting from impact of a single plume". Nature. 395 (6704): 788–791\. Bibcode:1998Natur.395..788E. doi:10.1038/27417. S2CID 4379613.
5. ^ a b Zhao, D (2007). "Seismic images under 60 hotspots: Search for mantle plumes". Gondwana Research. 12 (4): 335–355\. Bibcode:2007GondR..12..335Z. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.03.001.
6. ^ a b Steinberger, B. (2000). "Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hotspots". Journal of Geophysical Research. 105 (B5): 11127–11152\. Bibcode:2000JGR...10511127S. doi:10.1029/1999JB900398.
7. ^ a b King, S.D.; Ritsema, J. (2000). "African hot spot volcanism: Small-scale convection in the upper mantle beneath cratons". Science. 290 (5494): 1137–1140\. Bibcode:2000Sci...290.1137K. doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1137. PMID 11073447.
8. ^ a b Sebai, A.; Stutzmann, E.; Montagner, J-P.; Sicilia, D.; Beucler, E. (2006). "Anisotropic structure of the African upper mantle from Rayleigh and Love wave tomography". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 155 (1–2): 48–62\. Bibcode:2006PEPI..155...48S. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2005.09.009.1–2&rft.pages=48-62&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.pepi.2005.09.009&rft_id=info:bibcode/2006PEPI..155...48S&rft.aulast=Sebai&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Stutzmann,+E.&rft.au=Montagner,+J-P.&rft.au=Sicilia,+D.&rft.au=Beucler,+E.&rft_id=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031920105002281&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Darfur+Dome" class="Z3988">
9. ^ a b Montagner, J-P.; Marty, B.; Stutzmann, E.; Sicilia, D.; Cara, M.; Pik, R.; Lévêque, J-J.; Roult, G.; Beucler, E.; Debayle, E. (2007). "Mantle upwellings and convective instabilities revealed by seismic tomography and helium isotope geochemistry beneath eastern Africa". Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (21). Bibcode:2007GeoRL..3421303M. doi:10.1029/2007GL031098.
10. ^ Sicilia, D.; Montagner, J-P.; Cara, M.; Stutzmann, E.; Debayle, E.; Lépinea, J-C.; Lévêque, J-J.; Beucler, E.; Sebai, A.; Roult, G.; Ayele, A.; Sholan, J.M. (2008). "Upper mantle structure of shear-waves velocities and stratification of anisotropy in the Afar Hotspot region". Tectonophysics. 462 (1–4): 164–177\. Bibcode:2008Tectp.462..164S. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.02.016.1–4&rft.pages=164-177&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.02.016&rft_id=info:bibcode/2008Tectp.462..164S&rft.aulast=Sicilia&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Montagner,+J-P.&rft.au=Cara,+M.&rft.au=Stutzmann,+E.&rft.au=Debayle,+E.&rft.au=Lépinea,+J-C.&rft.au=Lévêque,+J-J.&rft.au=Beucler,+E.&rft.au=Sebai,+A.&rft.au=Roult,+G.&rft.au=Ayele,+A.&rft.au=Sholan,+J.M.&rft_id=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195108003673&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Darfur+Dome" class="Z3988">

13°5′0″N 24°20′0″E﻿ / ﻿13.08333°N 24.33333°E﻿ / 13.08333; 24.33333

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