David Graeber

American anthropologist and activist (1961–2020)

David Graeber

Graeber in 2015

Born|

David Rolfe Graeber

(1961-02-12)February 12, 1961

New York City, USA

Died| September 2, 2020(2020-09-02) (aged 59)

Venice, Italy

Alma mater|

* State University of New York at Purchase (BA, 1984)
* University of Chicago (MA, PhD, 1996)

Known for|

* Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011)
* The Utopia of Rules (2015)
* Bullshit Jobs (2018)

Spouse|

Nika Dubrovsky

(m. 2019)​

Awards|

* Bread and Roses Award (2012)
* Bateson Book Prize (2012)

Scientific career
Fields|

* Economic anthropology
* Social anthropology

Institutions|

* Yale University
* Goldsmiths, University of London
* London School of Economics

Thesis| The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar
Doctoral advisor| Marshall Sahlins

David Graeber introducing himself

recorded June 2018

Website| www.davidgraeber.org
Signature

David Rolfe Graeber (/ˈɡreɪbər/; February 12, 1961 – September 2, 2020) was an American and British anthropologist, left-wing and anarchist social and political activist. His influential work in social and economic anthropology, particularly his books "Debt: The First 5,000 Years" (2011), "The Utopia of Rules" (2015) and "Bullshit Jobs" (2018), and his leading role in the Occupy movement, earned him recognition as one of the foremost anthropologists and left-wing thinkers of his time.[1][2][3]

Born in New York to a working-class family, Graeber studied at Purchase College and the University of Chicago, where he conducted ethnographic research in Madagascar under Marshall Sahlins and obtained his doctorate in 1996. He was an assistant professor at Yale University from 1998 to 2005, when the university controversially decided not to renew his contract. Unable to secure another position in the United States, Graeber entered an "academic exile" in England, where he was a lecturer and reader at Goldsmiths' College from 2008 to 2013, and a professor at the London School of Economics from 2013.

In his early scholarship, Graeber specialized in theories of value (Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value, 2002), social hierarchy and political power (Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology, 2004, Possibilities, 2007, On Kings, 2017), and the ethnography of Madagascar (Lost People, 2007). In the 2010s he turned to historical anthropology, producing his best-known book, Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011), an exploration of the historical relationship between debt and social institutions, as well as a series of essays on the origins of social inequality in prehistory. In parallel, he developed critiques of bureaucracy and managerialism in contemporary capitalism, published in The Utopia of Rules (2015) and Bullshit Jobs (2018). He coined the concept of bullshit jobs in a 2013 essay that explored the proliferation of "paid employment that is so completely pointless, unnecessary, or pernicious that even the employee cannot justify its existence".[4]

Although exposed to radical left politics from a young age, Graeber's direct involvement in activism began with the global justice movement of the 1990s. He attended protests against the 3rd Summit of the Americas in Quebec City in 2001 and the World Economic Forum in New York in 2002, and later wrote an ethnography of the movement, Direct Action (2009). In 2011, he became well known as one of the leading figures of Occupy Wall Street and is credited with coining the slogan "We are the 99%". His later activism included interventions in support of the Rojava revolution in Syria, the British Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn and Extinction Rebellion.

## Early life and education

[edit]

David Graeber was born into a working-class family. His parents were left-wing political activists.[5][6]

Kenneth Graeber, 1936

David's father, Kenneth (1914–1996), came from a family of German immigrants who settled in Kansas in the 19th century. He was educated at Lawrence College (according to other sources, at the University of Kansas), where he met members of the Young Communist League USA. As a result, he volunteered for the Spanish Civil War, where he served as a driver in a medical unit. After the war, he returned to the United States and completed his education. At the same time, he broke with the communists, but remained actively involved in the left-wing movement. During World War II, Kenneth served in the merchant marine. Later, he worked as a plate stripper on offset presses.[5][6][7]

David's mother, Ruth Rubinstein (1917-2006), was from a family of Polish Jews who moved to the United States in the late 1920s. In the 1930s, she went to college, but due to the Great Depression, she was forced to leave it and start working in a factory. Ruth was an active member of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. There she took part in the union theater group. The comedy "Pins and Needles" staged with her participation became a hit on Broadway for several years (1937-1940). However, she did not continue her stage career, returning to the factory.[5][6][8][9]

David's parents met after World War II during their stay in the left camp. Their marriage led to Ruth's relatives stopping communicating with her, not accepting her German husband. The family settled in New York, where David and his brother Eric (1952-2003) were born.[5][6][10]

David Graeber grew up in Penn South, a union-sponsored housing cooperative in Chelsea, Manhattan,[11] described by Business Week magazine as "suffused with radical politics."[6]

Graeber had his first experience of political activism at the age of seven, when he attended peace marches in New York's Central Park and Fire Island.[12] He was an anarchist from the age of 16, according to an interview he gave to The Village Voice in 2005.[13]

Graeber attended local public schools PS 11 and IS 70. His passion for deciphering Maya script helped him win a scholarship that allowed him to spend several years at Phillips Academy Andover. He then attended the State University of New York at Purchase, where he graduated in 1984 with a BA in Anthropology.[14]

Graeber received his master's degree and doctorate at the University of Chicago, where he won a Fulbright fellowship to conduct 20 months of ethnographic field research in Madagascar, beginning in 1989.[15][16] His resulting Ph.D. thesis on magic, slavery, and politics was supervised by Marshall Sahlins and entitled The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar.[17][18]

## Academic career

[edit]

### Yale University (1998–2005)

[edit]

In 1998, two years after completing his PhD, Graeber became assistant professor at Yale University, then associate professor.[17] In May 2005, the Yale anthropology department decided not to renew Graeber's contract, preventing consideration for academic tenure, which was scheduled for 2008. Pointing to Graeber's anthropological scholarship, his supporters (including fellow anthropologists, former students and activists) said the decision was politically motivated. More than 4,500 people signed petitions supporting him, and anthropologists such as Marshall Sahlins, Laura Nader, Michael Taussig, and Maurice Bloch called on Yale to reverse its decision.[17] Bloch, who had been a professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics and the Collège de France, and a writer on Madagascar, praised Graeber in a letter to the university.[19]

The Yale administration argued that Graeber's dismissal was in keeping with Yale's policy of granting tenure to few junior faculty. Graeber suggested that Yale's decision might have been influenced by his support of a student of his who was targeted for expulsion because of her membership in GESO, Yale's graduate student union.[17][20][21]

In December 2005, Graeber agreed to leave Yale after a one-year paid sabbatical. That spring he taught two final classes: "Introduction to Cultural Anthropology" (attended by more than 200 students) and a seminar, "Direct Action and Radical Social Theory".[22]

### "Academic exile" and London (2005–2020)

[edit]

On May 25, 2006, Graeber was invited to give the Malinowski Memorial Lecture at the London School of Economics. Each year, the LSE anthropology department asks an anthropologist at a relatively early stage of their career to give the Malinowski Lecture, and only invites those considered to have made significant contributions to anthropological theory. Graeber's address was called "Beyond Power/Knowledge: an exploration of the relation of power, ignorance and stupidity".[23] It was later edited into an essay, "Dead zones of the imagination: On violence, bureaucracy and interpretive labor".[24] The same year, Graeber was asked to present the keynote address in the 100th anniversary Diamond Jubilee meetings of the Association of Social Anthropologists.[25] In April 2011, he presented the anthropology department's annual Distinguished Lecture at Berkeley,[26] and in May 2012 he delivered the second annual Marilyn Strathern Lecture at Cambridge (the first was delivered by Strathern).[27]

After his dismissal from Yale, Graeber was unable to secure another position at an American university.[28][29] He applied for more than twenty, but despite a strong track record and letters of recommendation from several prominent anthropologists, never made it past the first round.[29][30] At the same time, a number of foreign universities approached him with offers.[28][30] In an article on his "academic exile" from the United States, The Chronicle of Higher Education interviewed several anthropology professors who agreed that Graeber's political activism could have played a role in his unsuccessful search, describing the field as "radical in the abstract" (in the words of Laura Nader) but intolerant of direct political action. Another factor suggested by the article was that Graeber had acquired a reputation as being personally difficult or "uncollegial", especially in light of allegations of poor conduct made by Yale during the dispute over his dismissal.[28] Graeber himself interpreted his exclusion from American academia as a direct result of his dismissal from Yale, likening it to "black-balling in a social club", and arguing that the charge of "uncollegiality" glossed a variety of other personal qualities, from his political activism to his working-class background, that marked him as a trouble-maker within the academic hierarchy.[30] Laura Nader, reflecting on Graeber's case amongst other examples of "academic silencing" in anthropology, speculated that the real reasons could have included Graeber's growing reputation as a public intellectual,[29] and his tendency to "write in English" rather than jargon.[28]

From 2008 to 2013, Graeber was a lecturer and a reader at Goldsmiths College of the University of London. In 2013, he accepted a professorship at the London School of Economics.[28][31]

Graeber was a founding member of the Institute for Experimental Arts in Greece. He gave a lecture with the title "How social and economic structure influences the Art World" in the International MultiMedia Poetry Festival organized by the Institute for Experimental Arts supported by the Department of Anthropology of the London School of Economics and Political Science.[32]

## Main works

[edit]

Graeber is the author of Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology and Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. He conducted extensive anthropological work in Madagascar, writing his doctoral thesis, The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar, on the continuing social division between the descendants of nobles and the descendants of former slaves.[33] A book based on his dissertation, Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar, was published by Indiana University Press in September 2007.[34] A book of collected essays, Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire was published by AK Press in November 2007,[35] and Direct Action: An Ethnography appeared from the same press in August 2009.[36] Moreover, the aforementioned publisher printed a collection of essays by Graeber – co-edited with Stevphen Shukaitis and Erika Biddle – called Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations/Collective Theorization (AK Press, May 2007).[37]

In December 2017, Graeber and his former teacher Marshall Sahlins released a collection of essays entitled On Kings, outlining a theory, inspired by A. M. Hocart, of the origins of human sovereignty in cosmological ritual.[38] Graeber contributed essays on the Shilluk and Merina kingdoms, and a final essay that explored what he called "the constitutive war between king and people".[39] He was working on a historical work on the origins of social inequality with David Wengrow,[40] published posthumously as The Dawn of Everything.

From January 2013 until June 2016, Graeber was a contributing editor at The Baffler magazine in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he, too, participated in the public debate about futures of technology.[41] From 2011 until 2017 he was editor-at-large of the open access journal HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, for which he and Giovanni da Col co-wrote the founding theoretical statement and manifesto of the school of "ethnographic theory".[42]

Charles Kenny, writing in the political magazine Democracy, claimed that Graeber sought out data that "fit the narrative on the evils of neoliberalism" and challenged or criticized data which suggested otherwise.[43]

His book The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity, co-written with archaeologist David Wengrow, was published posthumously in 2021.[44]

### Debt: The First 5000 Years

[edit]

Main article: Debt: The First 5000 Years

Graeber's first major historical monograph was Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011).[45]

Karl Schmid, writing in the Canadian Anthropology Society's journal Anthropologica, described Debt as an "unusual book" which "may be the most read public anthropology book of the 21st century" and noted that "it will be difficult for Graeber or anyone else to top this book for the attention it received due to excellent timing".[46] Schmid compared Debt to Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel and James C. Scott's The Art of Not Being Governed for its "vast scope and implication".[46] However, Schmid expressed minor frustrations with the sheer length of the book, and the fact that Graeber raises many claims and examples which he does not go on to develop in full.[47]

### Bureaucracy, managerialism, and "bullshit jobs"

[edit]

Much of Graeber's later scholarship focused on the topic of "bullshit jobs", proliferated by administrative bloat and what Graeber calls "managerial feudalism". One of the points he raised in his 2013 book The Democracy Project—on the Occupy movement—is the increase in what he calls bullshit jobs, referring to forms of employment that even those holding the jobs feel should not or do not need to exist. He sees such jobs as being typically "concentrated in professional, managerial, clerical, sales, and service workers".[48] As he explained also in an article in STRIKE!: "Huge swathes of people, in Europe and North America in particular, spend their entire working lives performing tasks they secretly believe do not really need to be performed."[49]

Because of the article's popularity, Graeber then wrote the book Bullshit Jobs: A Theory, published in 2018 by Simon & Schuster. Writing for the New Yorker, Nathan Heller described the resulting book as having "the virtue of being both clever and charismatic."[50] Reviewing the book for the New York Times, Alana Semuels noted that although it could be criticized for generalizations about economics, "Graeber's anthropological eye and skepticism about capitalism are useful in questioning some parts of the economy that the West has come to accept as normal."[51] The Guardian gave a mixed review of Graeber's Bullshit Jobs, accusing him of having a "slightly condescending attitude" and attesting to the book's "laboured arguments," while referring to aspects of the book's thesis as "clearly right."[52] Bullshit Jobs spent four weeks in the top 20 of the Los Angeles Times' bestseller list.[53]

## Activism

[edit]

Graeber (left) at a rally for immigrant rights at Union Square, New York City in 2007

In addition to his academic work, Graeber was directly and indirectly involved in political activism. He was a member of the labor union Industrial Workers of the World, protested at the World Economic Forum in New York City in 2002, supported the 2010 UK student protests,[54] and played an early role in the Occupy Wall Street movement. He was co-founder of the Anti-Capitalist Convergence.[55]

Graeber became a strong advocate of the democratic confederalism of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria after visiting the region in 2014, often drawing parallels between it and the Spanish Revolution his father fought for in the 1930s.[56][57][58]

On October 11, 2019, Graeber spoke at an Extinction Rebellion protest in Trafalgar Square[59] about the relationship between "bullshit jobs" and environmental harm, suggesting that the environmental movement should recognize these jobs in combination with unnecessary construction or infrastructure projects and planned obsolescence as significant issues.[60][61]

### Occupy movement

[edit]

In November 2011, Rolling Stone credited Graeber with giving the Occupy Wall Street movement its theme: "We are the 99 percent". Graeber wrote in The Democracy Project that the slogan "was a collective creation".[62] Rolling Stone said he helped create the first New York City General Assembly, with only 60 participants, on August 2.[63] He spent the next six weeks involved with the burgeoning movement, including facilitating general assemblies, attending working group meetings, and organizing legal and medical training and classes on nonviolent resistance. A few days after the encampment of Zuccotti Park began, he left New York for Austin, Texas.[6]

Graeber argued that the Occupy Wall Street movement's lack of recognition of the legitimacy of either existing political institutions or the legal structure, its embrace of non-hierarchical consensus decision-making and of prefigurative politics made it a fundamentally anarchist project.[64] Comparing it to the Arab Spring, he claimed that Occupy Wall Street and other contemporary grassroots protests represented "the opening salvo in a wave of negotiations over the dissolution of the American Empire."[65] Writing in Al Jazeera, he noted that from the beginning the Occupy movement was about a "commitment to answer only to a moral order, not a legal one" and so held meetings without the requisite permits. Defending this early decision of the Occupy movement, he said, "as the public, we should not need permission to occupy public space".[66]

Graeber tweeted in 2014 that he had been evicted from his family's home of over 50 years due to his involvement with Occupy Wall Street. He added that others associated with Occupy had received similar "administrative harassment".[67]

### British politics

[edit]

In November 2019, along with other public figures, Graeber signed a letter supporting Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, calling him "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election.[68] In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, he signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party under Corbyn's leadership in the 2019 general election. The letter stated that "Labour's election manifesto under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership offers a transformative plan that prioritises the needs of people and the planet over private profit and the vested interests of a few."[69][70] Graeber, who was Jewish, also defended Corbyn from accusations of antisemitism, saying that "What actually threatens Jews, the people who actually want to kill us, are Nazis", and that the allegations represented a "weaponization" of antisemitism for political purposes.[71][72]

Graeber advocated for a boycott[73] of The Guardian newspaper by fellow left-wing authors after alleging that the paper published distortions against Corbyn for years.[74] He denounced what he claimed was the weaponization of antisemitism for political purposes,[75][76] and The Guardian's alleged role in undermining Corbyn in the 2019 election, which, according to Graeber, resulted in a landslide victory for Boris Johnson and the Conservatives.[77][78][79][80] He asserted that The Guardian only publishes progressive authors in order to gain credibility with its readership, but its editorial policy is at odds with socialist politics.[81] He was a vocal critic of the Labour centrists who attacked Corbyn, stating their disdain for socialist movements was due to their previously selling-out: "If those activists were not naive, if this man was not unelectable, the centrists' entire lives had been a lie. They hadn't really accepted reality at all. They really were just sellouts."[79]

## Influence and reception

[edit]

Kate Burrell wrote, in the journal Sociology, that Graeber's work "promotes anarchist visions of social change, which are not quite believed possible by the Left, yet are lived out within social movements every day" and that his work "offers poetic insight into the daily realities of life as an activist, overtly promotes anarchism, and is a hopeful celebration of just what can be achieved by relatively small groups of committed individuals living their truth visibly."[82]

Hans Steinmüller, reviewing On Kings in the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, described Graeber and his co-author Marshall Sahlins as "two of the most important anthropological thinkers of our time" and considered their contribution to represent a "benchmark" for the anthropological theory of kingship.[2]

As stated by Penguin Random House editor Tom Penn after Graeber's death, "David was a true radical, a pioneer in everything that he did. David's inspirational work has changed and shaped the way people understand the world... In his books, his constant, questing curiosity, his wry, sharp-eyed provoking of received nostrums shine through. So too, above all, does his unique ability to imagine a better world, borne out of his own deep and abiding humanity. We are deeply honoured to be his publisher, and we will all miss him: his kindness, his warmth, his wisdom, his friendship. His loss is incalculable, but his legacy is immense. His work and his spirit will live on."[83]

## Personal life

[edit]

Graeber had a long-term relationship with anthropologist Lauren Leve.[84] After that, he had another long-term relationship with Erica Lagalisse (engaged from 2013 to 2017).[85] Finally, he married artist Nika Dubrovsky in 2019.[86] The two collaborated on a series of books, workshops, and conversations called Anthropology for Kids[87] and on the Museum of Care, a shared space for communication and social interactions nourishing values of solidarity, care, and reciprocity. According to Graeber's website, "The main goal of the Museum of Care is to produce and maintain social relationships."[88] The concept "museum of care" was coined by Graeber and Dubrovsky in their article "The Museum of Care: imagining the world after the pandemic," originally published in Arts of the Working Class in April 2020.[89] In the article, Graeber and Dubrovsky imagine a post-pandemic future, where vast surfaces of office spaces and conservative institutions are turned into "free city universities, social centers and hotels for those in need of shelter." "We could call them 'Museums of Care'—precisely because they are spaces that do not celebrate production of any sort but rather provide the space and means for the creation of social relationships and the imagining of entirely new forms of social relations."[90]

## Death

[edit]

Graeber died suddenly from necrotic pancreatitis[91] on September 2, 2020, while on vacation with his wife and friends in Venice.[92] As his death occurred during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic, instead of a funeral, his family organized an "Intergalactic Memorial Carnival" of live-streamed events that took place in October 2020.[93] His wife Nika Dubrovsky has attributed the pancreatitis to COVID-19, pointing to his prior good health, strange symptoms they both had for months beforehand, and the connection scientists have since found between COVID-19 and pancreatitis.[94]

## Selected publications

[edit]

Main article: David Graeber bibliography

* Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. New York: Palgrave. 2001. ISBN 978-0-312-24044-8.
* Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press (distributed by University of Chicago Press). 2004. ISBN 978-0-9728196-4-0.
* Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-253-34910-1.
* Direct Action: An Ethnography. Edinburgh; Oakland: AK Press. 2009. ISBN 978-1-904859-79-6.
* Debt: The First 5000 Years. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House. 2011. ISBN 978-1-933633-86-2.
* The Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement. New York: Spiegel & Grau. 2013. ISBN 9780812993561.
* The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy. Melville House. 2015. ISBN 978-1-61219-375-5.
* Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. Penguin. 2018. ISBN 978-0241263884.
* The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2021. ISBN 978-0-374-15735-7.
* Pirate Enlightenment, or the Real Libertalia. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2022. ISBN 978-0-374-61020-3.
* The Ultimate Hidden Truth of the World. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2024. ISBN 9780241611555.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Cain, Sian (September 3, 2020). "David Graeber, anthropologist and author of Bullshit Jobs, dies aged 59". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
2. ^ a b Steinmüller, Hans (2019) Book review: on kings by David Graeber and Marshall Sahlins. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 25 (2). pp. 413–14.
3. ^ Roos, Jerome (September 4, 2020). "The anarchist: How David Graeber became the left's most influential thinker". New Statesman. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
4. ^ Graeber, David (May 4, 2018). "'I had to guard an empty room': the rise of the pointless job". The Guardian. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
5. ^ a b c d Graeber, David (Winter 2014). "Finance Is Just Another Word for Other People's Debts". Radical History Review (118). Interviewed by Appel, Hannah Chadeayne. Duke University Press: 159–173\. ISSN 0163-6545.
6. ^ a b c d e f Bennett, Drake (October 26, 2011). "David Graeber, the Anti-Leader of Occupy Wall Street: Meet the anthropologist, activist, and anarchist who helped transform a hapless rally into a global protest movement". Business Week. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
7. ^ "Kenneth Graeber". Abraham Lincoln Brigade: Spanish Civil War History and Education. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
8. ^ Ruth, Graeber (1997). "Graeber, Ruth interview on "Pins and Needles", 1997. Collection Number: 6036/081 AV". Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation & Archives Cornell University Library.
9. ^ "Paid Notice: Deaths: Graeber, Ruth R." The New York Times. April 20, 2006. Archived from the original on July 29, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
10. ^ "Paid Notice: Deaths GRAEBER, ERIC ALAN". The New York Times. September 7, 2003.
11. ^ Roberts, Sam (September 4, 2020). "David Graeber, Caustic Critic of Inequality, Is Dead at 59". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
12. ^ Lateu, Jo (January 1, 2014). "David Graeber on acting like an anarchist". New Internationalist. No. January–February 2014. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
13. ^ Mamatas, Nick (May 31, 2005). "Take It From the Top: Speaking with anarchist professor David Graeber, canned from Yale". Village Voice. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
14. ^ Graeber, David. "David's autobiography". David Graeber Institute.
15. ^ Fischer, Molly (November 9, 2021). "David Graeber's Possible Worlds". Intelligencer.
16. ^ Berrett, Dan (October 16, 2011). "Intellectual Roots of Wall St. Protest Lie in Academe". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
17. ^ a b c d Arenson, Karen W. (December 28, 2005). "When Scholarship and Politics Collided at Yale". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
18. ^ Graeber, David (2004). "David Graeber". Yale University Department of Anthropology. Yale University. Archived from the original on February 22, 2004.
19. ^ Bloch, Maurice. "Letter from Maurice Bloch, London School of Economics". Solidarity with David Graeber. Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
20. ^ Epstein, David (May 18, 2005). "Early Exit". Inside Higher Education. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
21. ^ Johansen, Bruce E (2007). Silenced!: academic freedom, scientific inquiry, and the First Amendment. New York: Praeger. pp. 110–112\. ISBN 978-0-275-99686-4.
22. ^ Marsden, Jessica (December 9, 2005). "Graeber agrees to leave University". Yale Daily News. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
23. ^ Graeber, David (May 26, 2006). "Beyond Power/Knowledge: an exploration of the relation of power, ignorance and stupidity" (PDF). London School of Economics. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
24. ^ Graeber, David (December 19, 2012). "Dead zones of the imagination: On violence, bureaucracy, and interpretive labor. The 2006 Malinowski Memorial Lecture". HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. 2 (2): 105–128\. doi:10.14318/hau2.2.007. S2CID 145007192. Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
25. ^ Graeber, David. "There Never Was a West: Democracy as a form of interstitial cosmopolitanism". Association of Social Anthropologists. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
26. ^ "Anthropology Department Distinguished Lecture 2011: "Utopias of Debt"". Anthropology Department, UC Berkeley. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
27. ^ "The Strathern Lecture". Department of Social Anthropology. University of Cambridge. November 28, 2017. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
28. ^ a b c d e Shea, Christopher (April 15, 2013). "A Radical Anthropologist Finds Himself in Academic 'Exile'". Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on April 17, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
29. ^ a b c Nader, Laura (January 22, 2019). "Unravelling the Politics of Silencing". Public Anthropologist. 1 (1): 81–95\. doi:10.1163/25891715-00101006. ISSN 2589-1707. S2CID 213081453. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
30. ^ a b c Graeber, David (January 22, 2019). "It Wasn't a Tenure Case – a Personal Testimony, with Reflections". Public Anthropologist. 1 (1): 96–104\. doi:10.1163/25891715-00201009. ISSN 2589-1707. S2CID 214299282. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
31. ^ "Occupying Democracy". The Brian Lehrer Show. WNYC. April 16, 2013. Archived from the original on July 11, 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
32. ^ Graeber, David (September 4, 2019). "How social and economic structure influences the Art World". Youtube. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
33. ^ Graeber, David (1996). The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar. Vol. 3\. University of Chicago, Department of Anthropology.
34. ^ Graeber, David (2007). Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253219152. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
35. ^ Graeber, David (2007). Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion and Desire. AK Press. ISBN 9781904859666.
36. ^ Graeber, David (2009). Direct Action: An Ethnography. AK Press. ISBN 9781904859796. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
37. ^ Shukaitis, Stevphen; Graeber, David; Biddle, Erika, eds. (2007). Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations/Collective Theorization. AK Press. ISBN 9781904859352. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
38. ^ Sahlins, Marshall; Graeber, David (2017). On Kings. Hau Books. ISBN 9780986132506.
39. ^ "Front matter of On Kings" (PDF). Hau Books. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
40. ^ Graeber, David; Wengrow, David (March 2, 2018). "How to change the course of human history". Eurozine. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
41. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (September 21, 2014). "Still No Flying Cars? Debating Technology's Future". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
42. ^ Giovanni da Col; David Graeber (2011). "The return of ethnographic theory". HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. 1 (1). Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
43. ^ "It's Not As Bad As All That". Democracy Journal. March 26, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
44. ^ "David Graeber Memorial Lectures". California Institute of Integral Studies. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
45. ^ Habash, Gabe (December 2, 2011). "Melville House Finds Hit for the 99%". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
46. ^ a b Schmid, Karl (January 1928). "Debt: The First 5,000 Years by David Graeber (review)". Anthropologica. 56 (1). University of Toronto Press: 244–246\. ISSN 0003-5459. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.(registration required)
47. ^ Schmid, K. (2014). Anthropologica, 56(1), 244–46. Retrieved September 4, 2020, JSTOR 24469657
48. ^ Yves Smith (August 13, 2013). "Has Anyone Noticed That Most New Jobs Suck?". Naked Capitalism. Archived from the original on March 18, 2014. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
49. ^ Graeber, David (July 17, 2013). "On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs". STRIKE! Magazine. Archived from the original on December 11, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
50. ^ Heller, Nathan (June 7, 2018). "The Bullshit-Job Boom". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
51. ^ Semuels, Alana (June 26, 2018). "Are More and More People Working Meaningless Jobs?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
52. ^ Anthony, Andrew (May 27, 2018). "Bullshit Jobs: A Theory review – laboured rant about the world of work". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
53. ^ "Bestsellers". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
54. ^ Rayner, Gordon; Roberts, Laura (November 12, 2010). "Student tuition fee protests: security guards were powerless to act, then riot ringleaders". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
55. ^ Fries, Jacob H. (January 28, 2002). "Anarchy Has an Image Problem; In the Face of New York Police, Taste for Conflict Wavers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
56. ^ "Why is the world ignoring the revolutionary Kurds in Syria? | David Graeber". the Guardian. October 8, 2014.
57. ^ "An Everyday Anarchist: David Graeber, 1961–2020". Novara Media.
58. ^ "David Graeber pushed us to imagine greater human possibilities | Rebecca Solnit". the Guardian. September 8, 2020.
59. ^ "Writers Marathon by Writers Rebel | Theatre in London". Time Out London. October 10, 2019. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
60. ^ Graeber, David (May 7, 2019). Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. Simon and Schuster. p. 18\. ISBN 9781501143335.
61. ^ Steullet, Alex (July 22, 2020). "Don't Judge People For Slacking Off―They May Just Have a Bullshit Job". Kintopia. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
62. ^ Graeber, David (2013). The Democracy Project. Spiegel & Grau. p. 41. ISBN 978-0812993561. "As a matter of historical record, since there is so much discussion of the origin of the slogan "We Are the 99 Percent," the answer is that—appropriately enough—it was a collective creation."
63. ^ Sharlet, Jeff (November 10, 2011). "Inside Occupy Wall Street: How a bunch of anarchists and radicals with nothing but sleeping bags launched a nationwide movement". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
64. ^ Graeber, David (November 30, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street's anarchist roots". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on November 30, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
65. ^ Graeber, David (September 25, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street Protest". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on September 19, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
66. ^ "Occupy Wall Street's anarchist roots". Al Jazeera. November 30, 2011. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
67. ^ Sutherland, Ali. "It's not what you know. It's not who you know, either. It's who knows what about you". Making Light. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
68. ^ Neale, Matthew (November 16, 2019). "Exclusive: New letter supporting Jeremy Corbyn signed by Roger Waters, Robert Del Naja and more". NME. Archived from the original on November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
69. ^ Gayle, Damien (December 3, 2019). "Vote for hope and a decent future". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
70. ^ Gayle, Damien (December 3, 2019). "Coogan and Klein lead cultural figures backing Corbyn and Labour". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
71. ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan (September 7, 2020). "David Graeber, anarchist anthropologist who defended Corbyn, dies at 59". Cleveland Jewish News.
72. ^ Stuart Jeffries (March 21, 2015), "David Graeber interview: 'So many people spend their working lives doing jobs they think are unnecessary'" Archived September 9, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian. Retrieved April 12, 2019.
73. ^ Graeber, David [@gavidgraeber] (December 13, 2019). "I will never write a word for the Guardian ever again - well, unless they have a complete change of management and editorial policy, which isn't going to happen" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 - via Twitter.
74. ^ "Journalistic Representations of Jeremy Corbyn in the British Press". London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
75. ^ "The Weaponisation of Labour Antisemitism | David Graeber". YouTube. April 12, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
76. ^ Graeber, David (April 14, 2020). "For the first time in my life, I'm frightened to be Jewish". openDemocracy. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
77. ^ Graeber, David [@davidgraeber] (December 26, 2019). "as for the Guardian, we will never forget that during the "Labour #antisemitism controversy", they beat even the Daily Mail to include the largest percentage of false statements, pretty much every one, mysteriously, an accidental error to Labour's disadvantage" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 - via Twitter.
78. ^ @zei_squirrel (September 4, 2020). "Thread of Graeber's criticisms on the Guardian" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 - via Twitter.
79. ^ a b Graeber, David (January 13, 2020). "The Center Blows Itself Up: Care and Spite in the 'Brexit Election'". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
80. ^ Graeber, David [@davidgraeber] (August 2, 2020). "we tried to warn you. But you knew what you were doing, didn't you, . @davidschneider et al? You pretended an anti-racist social democrat was an antisemite so that actual Nazis and White Nationalists could seize the reigns[sic] of power" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 - via Twitter.
81. ^ Graeber, David [@davidgraeber] (July 25, 2019). "future historians will see the post-2015 Guardian as a priceless resource. Day to day, it documents of how the UK's middle-aged professional managerial classes, having allied themselves entirely with finance capital, collectively lost their shit as young people embraced socialism" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 - via Twitter.
82. ^ Burrell, K. (2014). Book Review: David Graeber, 'The Democracy Project: A History. A Crisis. A Movement'. Sociology, 48(5), 1066–167. doi:10.1177/0038038514543129
83. ^ "'Inspirational' activist author David Graeber dies". September 3, 2020.
84. ^ Fischer, Molly (November 9, 2021). "David Graeber's Possible Worlds". Intelligencer. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
85. ^ Lagalisse, Erica (October 1, 2020). "The Elvis of Anthropology: Eulogy for David Graeber". The Sociological Review Magazine. doi:10.51428/tsr.sylg4475. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
86. ^ David Graeber (April 25, 2020). "I've never been married before. Even though the proper ceremony is later in London & Berlin, I have never been more moved that someone who actually knows me would want to be with me forever". Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2020 - via Twitter.
87. ^ "About Us – Anthropology For Kids". a4kids.org. January 28, 2017.
88. ^ "About Museum of Care – Museum Of Care". Retrieved June 10, 2022.
89. ^ Graeber, David and Nika Dubrovsky, "The Museum of Care: imagining the world after the pandemic," Arts of the Working Class, April 2020 (Issue 11), pp. 45-46
90. ^ Graeber - Dubrovsky, David - Nika (2020), ""The Museum of Care: Imagining the world after the pandemic"", Arts Of The Working Class, no. 11, p. 45, retrieved June 10, 2022
91. ^ Noah, Timothy (December 26, 2020). "David Graeber: The Anarchist Anthropologist-Provocateur". Politico.
92. ^ Matt Schudel (September 5, 2020). "David Graeber, scholar, anarchist and intellectual leader of Occupy Wall Street, dies at 59" (obituary). The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 8, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
93. ^ "Memorial Carnival eng — David Graeber Industries". David Graeber Industries.
94. ^ Nika Dubrovsky (October 16, 2020). "My opinion on David's cause of death". Anthropology for All. patreon.com. Retrieved September 5, 2021.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Deresiewicz, William (October 18, 2021). "Human History Gets a Rewrite". The Atlantic.
* Sartwell, Crispin (January 20, 2024). "What Happened to David Graeber?". Los Angeles Review of Books.
* Fischer, Molly (November 9, 2021). "David Graeber's Possible Worlds". New York Magazine: Intelligencer. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
* Guyer, Jane I. (December 2009). "On 'possibility': A response to 'How Is Anthropology Going?'". Anthropological Theory. 9 (4): 355–370\. doi:10.1177/1463499609358143. S2CID 143899202.
* High, Holly; Reno, Joshua O., eds. (October 2023). As If Already Free: Anthropology and Activism After David Graeber. Pluto Press. hdl:20.500.12657/77038. ISBN 978-0-7453-4845-2.
* Knight, Chris (2021). "Graeber, David (1961–2020)". In Callan, Hilary; Coleman, Simon (eds.). The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology. pp. 1–5\. doi:10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2499. ISBN 9780470657225. S2CID 245404841. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
* Knight, Chris (June 2021). "Did communism make us human? On the anthropology of David Graeber". Brooklyn Rail. ISSN 2157-2151. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
* Sutton, David (September 2004). "Anthropology's Value(s): A Review of David Graeber's Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value". Anthropological Theory. 4 (3): 373–379\. doi:10.1177/1463499604042818. S2CID 145691653.

## External links

[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to David Graeber.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to David Graeber.

* Official website
* David Graeber at IMDb
* Appearances on C-SPAN

Portals:

* Anarchism
* Economics
* Libertarianism
* Politics

* v
* t
* e

David Graeber

Bibliography|

* Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value (2002)
* Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology (2004)
* Lost People (2007)
* Direct Action: An Ethnography (2009)
* Debt (2011)
* The Democracy Project (2013)
* The Utopia of Rules (2015)
* On Kings (2017)
* Bullshit Jobs (2018)
* The Dawn of Everything (2021)
* Pirate Enlightenment (2023)
* The Ultimate Hidden Truth of the World (2024)

Related|

* Bullshit job
* Critique of work

* v
* t
* e

Critique of work

Historical persons|

* Abbie Hoffman
* Edward Bellamy
* Alfredo M. Bonanno
* André Gorz
* Bob Black
* Günther Anders
* Guy Debord
* Heinrich Böll
* Ivan Illich
* Mikhail Bakunin
* Paul Lafargue
* Walter Benjamin
* Antonio Negri
* Bertrand Russell
* Friedrich Nietzsche
* Henry David Thoreau
* Herbert Marcuse
* Jerry Rubin
* Josef Pieper
* Karl Marx
* Max Stirner
* Max Weber
* Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
* Raoul Vaneigem
* Renzo Novatore
* Zo d'Axa

Contemporary persons|

* Franco Berardi
* L. Susan Brown
* Madeleine Bunting
* David Graeber
* Michael Hardt
* Maurizio Lazzarato
* Claus Peter Ortlieb
* Roland Paulsen
* Jeremy Rifkin
* Penelope Rosemont
* Mark Slouka
* Nick Srnicek
* Claire Wolfe
* John Zerzan

Terminology and related topics|

* 996 working hour system
* Absenteeism
* Abusive supervision
* Aktion Arbeitsscheu Reich
* All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy
* Autonomism
* Bare minimum Monday
* Bullshit job
* Career catfishing
* Coffee badging
* Corporatocracy
* Conscious quitting
* Cycle of poverty
* Dolce far niente
* Effects of overtime
* Eight-hour day
* Employee ghosting
* Extermination through labour
* Career cushioning
* Careerism
* Flextime
* Forced labour
* Four-day workweek
* Funemployment
* Ghost job
* Uberisation / Gig worker
* Glass cliff
* Happiness economics
* Honeymoon-hangover effect
* Hush trip
* Job crafting
* Job cuffing
* Jobless employed
* Karoshi
* Loud quitting
* Neijuan
* Microretirement
* Occupational burnout
* Occupational safety and health
* Occupational stress
* Orange S.A. suicides
* Overwork
* Performance punishment
* Post-work society
* Precariat
* Presenteeism
* Digital presenteeism
* Productivity theater
* Professional abuse
* Protestant work ethic
* Psychological safety
* Quick quitting
* Quiet hiring
* Quiet promotion
* Quiet quitting
* Quiet thriving
* Lazy girl job
* Rage applying
* Refusal of work
* Resenteeism
* Right to rest and leisure
* Sampo generation
* Sunday scaries
* Six-hour day
* Tang ping
* Technological unemployment
* Toxic workplace
* Narcissism
* Psychopathy
* Wage slavery
* Work ethic
* Workaholic
* Working poor
* Work–life interface

Theater, movies, music and art|

* À Nous la Liberté
* Office Space
* Swedish Public Freedom Service
* "Take This Job and Shove It"
* The Future of Work and Death
* The Main Thing Is Work!
* The Working Class Goes to Heaven
* Yama—Attack to Attack

Literature|

* Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral
* Bartleby, the Scrivener
* Bonjour paresse
* Bullshit Jobs
* The Conquest of Bread
* Critique of Economic Reason
* Fight Club
* Future Primitive and Other Essays
* In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays
* Inventing the Future
* Manifesto Against Work
* New Escapologist
* On the Poverty of Student Life
* The Society of the Spectacle
* Steal This Book
* The Abolition of Work
* The End of Work
* The Human Use of Human Beings
* The Idler
* The Revolution of Everyday Life
* The Right to Be Lazy
* The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Autonomy

Communities|

* R/antiwork
* CrimethInc.
* Situationist International

See also|

* Criticism of capitalism
* Critique of political economy
* Job strain

* v
* t
* e

Anarchism

Concepts|

* Anarchy
* Anarchist Black Cross
* Anarchist criminology
* Anationalism
* Anti-authoritarianism
* Anti-capitalism
* Anti-militarism
* Affinity group
* Autonomous social center
* Black bloc
* Classless society
* Class struggle
* Consensus decision-making
* Conscientious objector
* Critique of work
* Decentralization
* Deep ecology
* Direct action
* Free love
* Freethought
* Horizontalidad
* Individualism
* Law
* Mutual aid
* Participatory politics
* Permanent autonomous zone
* Prefigurative politics
* Proletarian internationalism
* Propaganda of the deed
* Refusal of work
* Revolution
* Rewilding
* Sabotage
* Security culture
* Self-ownership
* Social ecology
* Sociocracy
* Somatherapy
* Spontaneous order
* Squatting
* Temporary autonomous zone
* Union of egoists
* Voluntary association
* Workers' council

Issues|

* Animal rights
* Capitalism
* Education
* Love and sex
* Nationalism
* Religion
* Violence

Schools of thought|

| Classical|

* Individualist

* Egoist
* Illegalist
* Naturist
* Philosophical

* Mutualist
* Social

* Collectivist
* Communist
* Magonist

|

Post-classical|

* Feminist
* Green
* Primitivist
* Social ecology
* Independence
* Insurrectionary
* Pacifist
* Religious
* Christian
* Buddhist
* Jewish
* Without adjectives

Contemporary|

* Black
* Free-market
* Postcolonial
* Post-anarchist
* Post-left
* Queer

Types of federation|

* Affinity group
* Anarcho-syndicalism
* Platformism
* Anarchist synthesis
* Union of egoists

Economics|

* Communization
* Cooperative
* Cost the limit of price
* Decentralized planned economy
* Free association
* General strike
* Gift economy
* Give-away shop
* Labor voucher
* Market socialism
* Mutual bank
* Mutual credit
* Social ownership
* Wage slavery
* Workers' self-management

Culture|

* A las Barricadas
* Anarchist bookfair
* Anarcho-punk
* Anarchy in the U.K.
* Architecture
* Arts
* DIY ethic
* Escuela Moderna
* Films
* Freeganism
* Infoshop
* Independent Media Center
* The Internationale
* Lifestylism
* May Day
* "No gods, no masters"
* Popular education
* "Property is theft!"
* Radical cheerleading
* Radical environmentalism
* Self-managed social center
* Symbolism

History|

* French Revolution
* Revolutions of 1848
* Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA
* Paris Commune
* Hague Congress
* Cantonal rebellion
* Haymarket affair
* Trial of the Thirty
* International Conference of Rome
* Ferrer movement
* Strandzha Commune
* Congress of Amsterdam
* Tragic Week
* High Treason Incident
* Manifesto of the Sixteen
* German Revolution of 1918–1919
* Bavarian Soviet Republic
* 1919 United States bombings
* Biennio Rosso
* Kronstadt rebellion
* Makhnovshchina
* Amakasu Incident
* Alt Llobregat insurrection
* Anarchist insurrection of January 1933
* Anarchist insurrection of December 1933
* Spanish Revolution of 1936
* Barcelona May Days
* Red inverted triangle
* Labadie Collection
* Provo
* May 1968
* Kate Sharpley Library
* Carnival Against Capital
* 1999 Seattle WTO protests
* Really Really Free Market
* Occupy movement

People|

* Alston
* Armand
* Ba
* Bakunin
* Berkman
* Bonanno
* Bookchin
* Bourdin
* Chomsky
* Cleyre
* Day
* Durruti
* Ellul
* Ervin
* Faure
* Ferrer
* Feyerabend
* Giovanni
* Godwin
* Goldman
* González Prada
* Graeber
* Guillaume
* He-Yin
* Kanno
* Kōtoku
* Kropotkin
* Landauer
* Liu
* Magón
* Makhno
* Maksimov
* Malatesta
* Mett
* Michel
* Most
* Parsons
* Pi i Margall
* Pouget
* Proudhon
* Raichō
* Reclus
* Rocker
* Santillán
* Spooner
* Stirner
* Thoreau
* Tolstoy
* Tucker
* Volin
* Ward
* Warren
* Yarchuk
* Zerzan

Lists|

* Anarcho-punk bands
* Books
* Fictional characters
* Films
* Jewish anarchists
* Musicians
* Periodicals

By region|

* Africa
* Albania
* Algeria
* Andorra
* Argentina
* Armenia
* Australia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Bangladesh
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bolivia
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Brazil
* Bulgaria
* Canada
* Chile
* China
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Croatia
* Cuba
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* Egypt
* El Salvador
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* French Guiana
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Guatemala
* Hong Kong
* Hungary
* Iceland
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Ireland
* Israel
* Italy
* Japan
* Korea
* Latvia
* Malaysia
* Mexico
* Monaco
* Mongolia
* Morocco
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Nicaragua
* Nigeria
* Norway
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Philippines
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Serbia
* Singapore
* South Africa
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Syria (DAANES)
* Taiwan
* Timor-Leste
* Tunisia
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* United States (Puerto Rico)
* Uruguay
* Venezuela
* Vietnam

Related topics|

* Anarcho-capitalism
* Anti-corporatism
* Anti-consumerism
* Anti-fascism
* Anti-globalization
* Anti-statism
* Anti-war movement
* Autarchism
* Autonomism
* Communism
* Definition of anarchism and libertarianism
* Dual power
* IWA
* Labour movement
* Left communism
* Left-libertarianism
* Libertarianism
* Libertarian socialism
* Marxism
* National-anarchism
* Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner
* Situationist International
* Socialism
* Spontaneous order

* Anarchism portal
* Category
* Outline

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Italy
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Portugal
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Latvia
* Croatia
* Greece
* Korea
* Sweden
* Poland
* Israel
* Catalonia

Academics|

* CiNii
* Scopus

Artists|

* MusicBrainz

People|

* Deutsche Biographie
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef
* Yale LUX

*[m.]: married
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template