David Holmes (politician)

American politician (1769–1832)

This article is about the American politician. For other people, see David Holmes.

David Holmes

5th Governor of Mississippi
In office
January 7, 1826 – July 25, 1826
Lieutenant| Gerard Brandon
Preceded by| Gerard Brandon
Succeeded by| Gerard Brandon
United States Senator
from Mississippi
In office
August 30, 1820 – September 25, 1825
Preceded by| Walter Leake
Succeeded by| Powhatan Ellis
1st Governor of Mississippi
In office
December 10, 1817 – January 5, 1820
Lieutenant| Duncan Stewart
Preceded by| Himself (as Governor of the Mississippi Territory)
Succeeded by| George Poindexter
4th Governor of Mississippi Territory
In office
March 7, 1809 – December 10, 1817
Appointed by| Thomas Jefferson
Preceded by| Robert Williams
Succeeded by| Himself (as Governor of the State of Mississippi)
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 4th district
In office
March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1809
Preceded by| Abram Trigg
Succeeded by| Jacob Swoope
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 2nd district
In office
March 4, 1797 – March 3, 1803
Preceded by| Andrew Moore
Succeeded by| James Stephenson
Personal details
Born| (1769-03-10)March 10, 1769
Hanover, Province of Pennsylvania, British America
Died| August 20, 1832(1832-08-20) (aged 63)
Winchester, Virginia, U.S.
Political party| Democratic
Other political
affiliations| Democratic-Republican
Alma mater| College of William & Mary

Coat of arms of David Holmes

David Holmes (March 10, 1769 - August 20, 1832) was an American politician in Virginia and Mississippi. He served five terms as a U.S. congressman from Virginia's 2nd congressional district and later was important in Mississippi's development as a state. The federal government appointed him as the fourth and last governor of the Mississippi Territory. In 1817, he was unanimously elected as the first governor of the state of Mississippi. He served a term as U.S. senator from Mississippi, appointed to fill a vacancy until elected by the legislature. Elected again as governor, he was forced to resign early due to ill health. He returned to Virginia in his last years.

## Career

[edit]

Born near Hanover in York County, Province of Pennsylvania, Holmes, as a child, moved with his family to Frederick County, Virginia. He attended Winchester Academy, ultimately studying law and passing the bar. He started his practice in Harrisonburg, Virginia. By adulthood, he considered himself a Virginian.[1] He served as U.S. Representative from Virginia's 2nd congressional district, serving a total of five terms from 1797 until 1809, as he was repeatedly re-elected.

### Electoral history

[edit]

* 1797; Holmes was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 2nd congressional district, with 60.4% of the vote, defeating Democratic-Republican John Bowyer and Federalist John Steele.
* 1799; Holmes was re-elected with 83.56% of the vote, defeating Federalist Robert Porterfield.
* 1801; Holmes was re-elected over Federalist Alexander Sinclair.
* 1803; Holmes was re-elected with 70.39% of the vote, defeating Federalist Isaac Van Meter.
* 1805; Holmes was re-elected unopposed.
* 1807; Holmes was re-elected unopposed.

## Mississippi Territory

[edit]

President Thomas Jefferson appointed Holmes as the fourth governor of the Mississippi Territory. Holmes was very popular, and his appointment marked the end of a long period of political factionalism within the territory. European Americans were pressing to gain more land and encroaching on Native American territory of the Chickasaw and Choctaw people.

Holmes was the last governor of the Mississippi Territory, serving from 1809 to 1817. He was generally successful in dealing with a variety of matters, including expansion, land policy, Indians, the War of 1812, and the constitutional convention of 1817 (of which he was elected president).

Often concerned with problems regarding West Florida, he had a significant role in 1810 in negotiations that led to the peaceful occupation by the United States of part of that territory. McCain (1967) concludes that Holmes's success was not based on brilliance but upon kindness, unselfishness, persuasiveness, courage, honesty, diplomacy, and intelligence.[2]

## Mississippi statehood

[edit]

In 1817, Mississippi joined the United States as the 20th state. Holmes was elected unanimously as the first governor of the State of Mississippi.[3] He took the oath of office in October 1817. However, Mississippi did not officially become a state until December. He established the state judicial system and the state militia during his term. He also organized the land east of the Pearl River, which the Choctaw people had ceded to the United States under considerable pressure.

In 1820, he was appointed as a Democratic-Republican to fill the US Senate vacancy from Mississippi caused by the resignation of Walter Leake.[1] He was elected the same year by the state legislature (as was the practice then) as a Jackson Republican in August 1820, serving from 1821 until late 1825, when he ran in the gubernatorial campaign and was elected to another term as governor.[4] He resigned as senator. Due to his declining health, he was able to serve only six months as Mississippi's fifth governor. If both territory and statehood years are counted, he is Mississippi's longest-serving governor, at over 11 years of service (10 years, 9 months, 29 days the first tenure; and 6 months, 18 days the second tenure).

Holmes returned to near Winchester, Virginia, where his health failed. He died in 1832 at Jordan White Sulphur Springs resort. He was buried in the Mt. Hebron Cemetery in Winchester. He was predeceased by his brother, Major Andrew Hunter Holmes, a casualty of the Battle of Mackinac Island during the War of 1812.

## Legacy

[edit]

Holmes County, Mississippi, is named in honor of him.[5]

Holmes Avenue in Huntsville, Alabama was part of the Mississippi Territory when built and is named in honor of him.[6][7]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "HOLMES, David 1769–1832". US House of Representatives. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
2. ^ McCain 1967
3. ^ "Our Campaigns - MS Governor Race - Sep 01, 1817".
4. ^ "Our Campaigns - MS Governor Race - Aug 01, 1825".
5. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 159.
6. ^ Did You Know?, 200 Alabama Bicentennial, "Holmes Avenue is named after David Holmes, who was the fourth Governor of Mississippi Territory and the first Governor of the state of Mississippi. He would later represent Mississippi in the United States Senate."
7. ^ Nilsson, Dex (2003), Why Is It Named That? (PDF), Huntsville History Collection, pp. 38–39, retrieved May 9, 2022

## Further reading

[edit]

* D.H. Conrad, "David Holmes: First Governor of Mississippi," Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society, Centenary Series, vol. 4 (1921), pp. 234–257.
* Howard P. Hildreth, "David Holmes," Virginia Cavalcade, vol. 16, no. 4 (Spring 1967), pp. 38–40.
* McCain, William D. (1967). "The Administrations of David Holmes, Governor of the Mississippi Territory, 1809–1817". Journal of Mississippi History. 29 (3): 328–347.
* Jo Anne McCormick Quatannens and Diane B. Boyle (eds.), Senators of the United States: A Historical Bibliography. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1995; pg. 136.

## External links

[edit]

* United States Congress. "David Holmes (id: H000735)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

Political offices

Preceded by

Robert Williams

|  Governor of Mississippi Territory
1809–1817  | Succeeded by

Himself
as Governor of Mississippi

Preceded by

Himself
as Governor of Mississippi Territory

|  Governor of Mississippi
1817–1820  | Succeeded by

George Poindexter

Preceded by

Gerard Brandon

|  Governor of Mississippi
1826  | Succeeded by

Gerard Brandon

U.S. Senate
Preceded by

Walter Leake

|  U.S. senator (Class 1) from Mississippi
1820–1825
Served alongside: Thomas H. Williams | Succeeded by

Powhatan Ellis

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by

Abram Trigg

|  Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 4th congressional district
1803–1809  | Succeeded by

Jacob Swoope

Preceded by

Andrew Moore

|  Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 2nd congressional district
1797–1803  | Succeeded by

James Stephenson

* v
* t
* e

Governors of Mississippi

Territory
(1798–1817)|

* Sargent
* Claiborne
* R. Williams
* Holmes

State
(since 1817)|

* Holmes
* Poindexter
* Leake
* Brandon
* Holmes
* Brandon
* Scott
* Lynch
* Runnels
* Quitman
* Lynch
* McNutt
* Tucker
* Brown
* Matthews
* Quitman
* Guion
* J. Whitfield
* Foote
* Pettus
* McRae
* McWillie
* Pettus
* Clark
* Sharkey
* Humphreys
* Ames
* Alcorn
* Powers
* Ames
* Stone
* Lowry
* Stone
* McLaurin
* Longino
* Vardaman
* Noel
* Brewer
* Bilbo
* Russell
* H. Whitfield
* Murphree
* Bilbo
* Conner
* White
* Johnson Sr.
* Murphree
* Bailey
* Wright
* White
* Coleman
* Barnett
* Johnson Jr.
* J. Williams
* Waller
* Finch
* Winter
* Allain
* Mabus
* Fordice
* Musgrove
* Barbour
* Bryant
* Reeves

* v
* t
* e

United States senators from Mississippi

Class 1|

* Leake
* Holmes
* Ellis
* Reed
* Ellis
* Black
* Trotter
* T. Hickman Williams
* Henderson
* Speight
* Davis
* McRae
* S. Adams
* Davis
* Ames
* Pease
* Bruce
* George
* Money
* J. Williams
* Stephens
* Bilbo
* Stennis
* Lott
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Class 2|

* T. Hill Williams
* Reed
* R. Adams
* Poindexter
* Walker
* Chalmers
* Foote
* Brooke
* Brown
* Revels
* Alcorn
* Lamar
* Walthall
* McLaurin
* Walthall
* Sullivan
* McLaurin
* Gordon
* Percy
* Vardaman
* Harrison
* Eastland
* Doxey
* Eastland
* Cochran
* Hyde-Smith

* v
* t
* e

Chairs of the United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs

Full Committee
(1820-1947)|

* Holmes
* Johnson
* Benton
* H. White
* Troup
* H. White
* Sevier
* Morehead
* A. White
* Sevier
* Bagby
* Atchison
* Sebastian
* Doolittle
* Henderson
* Harlan
* Buckingham
* Allison
* Coke
* Dawes
* Jones
* Pettigrew
* Thurston
* Stewart
* Clapp
* Gamble
* Stone
* Ashurst
* Curtis
* Spencer
* Harreld
* Frazier
* Wheeler
* Thomas
* O'Mahoney

Select Committee
(1977-1993)|

* Abourezk
* Melcher
* Cohen
* Andrews
* Inouye

Full Committee
(1993-)|

* Inouye
* McCain
* Campbell
* Inouye
* Campbell
* Inouye
* Campbell
* McCain
* Dorgan
* Akaka
* Cantwell
* Tester
* Barrasso
* Hoeven
* Schatz
* Murkowski

* v
* t
* e

Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 2nd congressional district

* Brown
* Moore
* Holmes
* Stephenson
* Morrow
* Stephenson
* Baker
* White
* Tate
* Colston
* Van Swearingen
* Stephenson
* Smith
* Trezvant
* Mason
* Rives
* Cary
* Dromgoole
* Meade
* Millson
* Platt
* Goode
* Dezendorf
* Libbey
* Bowden
* Lawson
* Tyler
* Young
* Wise
* Young
* Wise
* Maynard
* Holland
* Deal
* Lankford
* Darden
* Hamilton
* Darden
* Harris
* Daughton
* Hardy
* Whitehurst
* Pickett
* Schrock
* Drake
* Nye
* Rigell
* Taylor
* Luria
* Kiggans

* v
* t
* e

Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 4th congressional district

* Lee
* Preston
* Trigg
* Holmes
* Swoope
* McCoy
* Alexander
* Gholson
* Dromgoole
* Goode
* Hubard
* Bocock
* Goode
* Pryor
* Booker
* Stowell
* Jorgensen
* Hooper
* Brady
* Gaines
* Venable
* Langston
* J. Epes
* McKenney
* Thorp
* S. Epes
* Thorp
* Lassiter
* Southall
* Lassiter
* Turnbull
* Watson
* Drewry
* Abbitt
* Daniel
* Sisisky
* Forbes
* McEachin
* McClellan

Authority control databases

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