De (Cyrillic)

Cyrillic letter

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Not to be confused with A.

De (добро)

Д д
Usage
Writing system| Cyrillic
Type| Alphabetic
Language of origin| Old Church Slavonic
Sound values| [d̪], [t]
In Unicode| `U+0414, U+0434, U+1C81`
Alphabetical position| 5
History
Development|

Δ δ

* Д д

Transliterations| D d
Other
Associated numbers| 4 (Cyrillic numerals)
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

De (Д д; italic: Д д) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced dental stop /d̪/, like the pronunciation of ⟨d⟩ in "door", except closer to the teeth. De is usually Romanized using the Latin letter D.

## History

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The Cyrillic letter De was derived from the Greek letter Delta (Δ δ).

In the Early Cyrillic alphabet its name was добро (dobro), meaning "good".

In the Cyrillic numeral system, De had a value of 4.

## Form

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De, from Elizaveta Bem's alphabet book

The major graphic difference between De and its modern Greek equivalent lies in the two descenders ("feet") below the lower corners of the Cyrillic letter. The descenders were borrowed from a Byzantine uncial shape of uppercase Delta.

De, like the Cyrillic letter El, has two typographical variants: an older variant where its top is pointed (like Delta), and a modern one (first used in mid-19th-century fonts) where it is square. Nowadays, almost all books and magazines are printed with fonts with the second variant of the letter; the first one is rather stylish and only a few popular text fonts use it (the best known example is "Baltika" designed in 1951-52 by V. G. Chiminova and others).

handwritten forms

In italic (Russian) type, the lowercase form looks more like the lowercase Latin ⟨d⟩, a mirrored numeral 6 or a partial derivative symbol ⟨∂⟩. Southern (Serbian, Bulgarian, Macedonian) typography may prefer a variant that looks like a single-storey lowercase Latin ⟨g⟩. Cursive lowercase De has the same two shapes, but with a different distribution: for example, the g-shaped variant is a standard for schools in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus but also used for certain typefaces with OpenType features.[1]

The (Russian-Ukrainian-Belarusian-Bulgarian) cursive form of capital De looks like Latin D as the printed version is not comfortable enough to be written quickly.[clarification needed] The Serbian cursive form is closer to the shape of a numeral "2" (identical to the form sometimes used for uppercase cursive Latin Q); this form is unknown in Russia.

## Usage

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This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2025)

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It most often represents the voiced dental plosive /d̪/. However, word-finally and before voiceless consonants, it represents a voiceless [t]. Before a palatalizing vowel, it represents /dʲ/.

## Related letters and other similar characters

[edit]

* Δ δ : Greek letter Delta
* D d : Latin letter D
* Л л : Cyrillic letter El
* Ԁ ԁ : Cyrillic letter Komi De
* G g : Latin letter G
* Ꭰ : Cherokee syllabary letter Ah
* ∂  : Partial derivative symbol
* 𐍓  : Abur letter Doi [Ru]

## Computing codes

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Character information  Preview | Д | д | ᲁ

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Unicode name  | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE  | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE  | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LONG-LEGGED DE
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 1044 | U+0414 | 1076 | U+0434 | 7297 | U+1C81
UTF-8 | 208 148 | D0 94 | 208 180 | D0 B4 | 225 178 129 | E1 B2 81
Numeric character reference | &#1044; | &#x414; | &#1076; | &#x434; | &#7297; | &#x1C81;
Named character reference | &Dcy; | &dcy; |
KOI8-R and KOI8-U | 228 | E4 | 196 | C4 |  |
Code page 855 | 167 | A7 | 166 | A6 |  |
Windows-1251 | 196 | C4 | 228 | E4 |  |
ISO-8859-5 | 180 | B4 | 212 | D4 |  |
Macintosh Cyrillic | 132 | 84 | 228 | E4 |  |

## References

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1. ^ "Русский алфавит" [Russian alphabet]. Archived from the original on June 6, 2013.

## External links

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* The dictionary definition of Д at Wiktionary
* The dictionary definition of д at Wiktionary

* v
* t
* e

Cyrillic script

Italics indicate that the language no longer uses Cyrillic

Cyrillic alphabets|

* Early
* Abkhaz
* Aleut
* Azerbaijani
* Bashkir
* Belarusian
* Bosnian
* Bulgarian
* Crimean Tatar
* Dargwa
* Even
* Evenki
* Gagauz
* Kazakh
* Khakas
* Kildin Sámi
* Komi
* Kyrgyz
* Lezgin
* Macedonian
* Mansi
* Mongolian
* Montenegrin
* Mordvinic
* Nivkh
* Nogai
* Polish
* Romanian
* transitional
* Moldovan
* Russian
* Serbian
* Tat
* Tatar
* Tlingit
* Turkmen
* Udege
* Udmurt
* Ukrainian
* Uyghur
* Uzbek
* Yakut
* Siberian Yupik
* Chaplino dialect
* Naukan Yupik

Cyrillization of|

* Arabic
* Chinese
* French
* German
* Greek
* Japanese
* Korean
* Lithuanian
* Polish

Letters of the Cyrillic script

Primary letters|

* Аа
* Бб
* Вв
* Гг
* Дд
* Ее
* Жж
* Зз
* Ии
* Іі
* Йй
* Кк
* Лл
* Мм
* Нн
* Оо
* Пп
* Рр
* Сс
* Тт
* Уу
* Фф
* Хх
* Цц
* Чч
* Шш
* Щщ
* Ъъ
* Ыы
* Ьь
* Ээ
* Юю
* Яя

Other Slavic letters|

* Ґґ
* Ђђ
* Ѓѓ
* Ёё
* Єє
* З́з́
* Ѕѕ
* Її
* Јј
* Љљ
* Њњ
* С́с́
* Ћћ
* Ќќ
* Ўў
* Џџ

Non-Slavic letters|

* А̊
* А̃
* Ӓ̄
* Ӕ
* Ә
* Ә̃
* Ӛ
* В̌
* Ԝ
* Г̌
* Г̊
* Ҕ
* Ғ
* Ӻ
* Ғ̌
* Ғ̊
* Ӷ/Г̡
* Д́
* Д̌
* Д̆
* Ӗ
* Е̃
* Ё̄
* Є̈
* Ԑ
* Җ
* Ӝ
* Ӂ
* Ҙ
* Ӟ
* З̌
* Ӡ
* И̃
* И̇
* Ҋ
* Қ
* Ӄ
* Ҡ
* Ҟ
* Ҝ
* К̊
* Қ̊
* Ԛ
* Л́
* Ӆ
* Ԯ
* Ԓ
* Ӎ
* ᵸ
* Н́
* Ӊ
* Ԩ
* Ң
* Ӈ
* Ҥ
* О̆
* О̃
* Ө
* Ө̄
* Ө̆
* Ӫ
* Ԥ
* Р̌
* Ҏ
* С̌
* Ҫ
* Т́
* Т̌
* Ҭ
* Ᲊ
* Ӱӱ
* У̃
* Ӳ
* У̊
* Ұ
* Ү
* Ү́
* Х̑
* Х̌
* Ҳ
* Ӽ
* Х̊
* Ӿ
* Ӿ̊
* Һ
* Ԧ
* Ҵ
* Ҷ
* Ҷ̣
* Ӵ
* Ӌ
*   * Ҹ
* Ч̇
* Ч̣
* Ҽ
* Ҿ
* Ы̆
* Ы̄
* Ӹ
* Ҍ
* Ҩ
* Э̆
* Э̄
* Э̇
* Ӭ
* Ӭ́
* Ӭ̄
* Ю̆
* Ю̈
* Ю̄
* Я̆
* Я̄
* Ӏ

Slavic archaic letters|

* Ꙣꙣ
* Ꙉꙉ
* Ꙥꙥ
* Ꙧꙧ
* Ҥҥ
* O variants
* Ꙋꙋ
* Ѡѡ
* Ѿѿ
* Ѣѣ
* Ѣ̈ѣ̈
* Я̈я̈
* Ꙗꙗ
* Ѥѥ
* Ѫѫ
* Ѧѧ
* Ѯѯ
* Ѱѱ
* Ѳѳ
* Ѵѵ
* Ҁҁ

Non-Slavic archaic letters|

* А̨
* Б̣
* Г̧
* Г̄
* Г̆г̆
* Д̨
* Ԁ
* Ԃ
* Ꚁ
*   * Ꚅ
* Ԅ
* Ԇ
* Ꚉ
* Ԫ
* Ꚃ
* Ꚕꚕ
* Ј̵
* К̀
* К̄
* К̂
* Ԟ
*   * Ԡ
* Ԉ
* Ԕ
* Ԋ
* Ԣ
*   * Ҧ
*   * Ԗ
* Ԍ
* Ԏ
* Ꚋ
* Ꚍ
* Х̾
* Ꚏ
* Ꚑ
* Ԭ
* Ꚓ
* Ꚗ
* Ԙ
* Ꙟ

Archaic diacritics|

* palatalization mark (◌҄)
* pokrytie (◌҇)
* titlo (◌҃)

Combinations of Cyrillic letters|

* Digraphs
* Multigraphs

* Glagolitic script
* Cyrillic numerals
* Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic

Authority control databases |

* Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine

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