Declaration of the Republic

Egypt's transition to a republic

The Declaration of the Republic was a constitutional declaration[1] issued by the Revolutionary Command Council of Egypt on June 18, 1953.[2] The purpose of this document was to begin Egypt's transition to a republic and to appoint Major General Muhammad Naguib as the republic's President.

## Timeline

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* The Egyptian Revolution of 1952 demanded that King Farouk abdicate to his son and heir apparent, Prince Ahmed Fouad, and leave the country before 18:30 on July 26, 1952.
* On December 10, 1952, the dissolution of the Constitution of 1923 was announced by the Revolutionary Command Council.
* On January 15, 1953, the Revolutionary Command Council abolished political parties and specified a transitional period of three years.
* On February 10, 1953, the Council issued a constitutional declaration publicizing the provisions for an interim constitution.

## Contents

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The document claims that the opulent lifestyle of the Muhammad Ali family, specifically Ismai'il Pasha, drove Egypt into debt, which gave foreign militaries a plea to occupy the country.

The document includes three demands:

* The abolition of the Muhammad Ali monarchy
* The declaration of a republic led by Mohamed Naguib
* The persistence of the Command Council throughout the 'transitional period'

The document ends with a religious note: "We have to trust God and ourselves, and to feel the pride that God has endowed to his faithful worshippers."[1]

## Signatories

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* Major General Staff Muhammad Naguib, Leader of the Army Revolution
* Binbashi Staff Gamal Abdul Nasser Hussein
* Wing Commander Gamal Salem
* Wing Commander Abdel Latif Mahmoud Boghdadi
* Binbashi Staff Zakaria Mohieddin
* Binbashi Anwar El-Sadat
* Binbashi Hussein El-Shafei
* Sagh Staff Abdel Hakim Amer
* Sagh Staff Salah el-Din Mustafa Salem
* Sagh Staff Kamal El-Din Hussein
* Squadrons Leader Hassan Ibrahim
* Sagh Khaled Mohieddin

## References

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1. ^ a b "ET acquires hand-written constitutional declaration of Free Officers". EgyptToday. 2019-07-23. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
2. ^ "Egypt under Nasser F. R. C. Bagley". JSTOR. JSTOR 40198229. Retrieved 20 August 2021.