Defense pact

Military alliance in which countries agree to come to each other's defense

A defense pact (Commonwealth spelling: defence pact) is a type of treaty or military alliance in which the signatories promise to support each other militarily and to defend each other.[1] Generally, the signatories point out the threats and concretely prepare to respond to it together.[2]

## Current treaties

[edit]

Year  | Name  | Member states

|
|

Treaty name  | Also known as  | Present members  | Former/suspended members
1373  | Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373 | Anglo-Portuguese Alliance |

* Portugal
* United Kingdom

1947  | Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance |

* Rio Treaty
* TIAR

* Argentina
* Brazil
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Dominican Republic
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* United States
* Uruguay (1948–2019, 2020–present)
* Venezuela (1948–2015, 2019–present)
* Trinidad & Tobago (1967–present)
* The Bahamas (1982–present)

* Cuba (1948–1962) (suspended)
* Bolivia (1948–2014)
* Ecuador (1948–2016)
* Mexico (1948–2004)
* Nicaragua (1948–2014)

1949  | North Atlantic Treaty |

* Washington Treaty
* NATO
* OTAN

* Belgium
* Canada
* Denmark
* France
* Iceland
* Italy
* Luxembourg
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Portugal
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Greece[N 1] (joined 1952)
* Turkey (joined 1952)
* Germany (joined 1955)[N 2]
* Spain (joined 1982)
* Czechia (joined 1999)
* Hungary (joined 1999)
* Poland (joined 1999)
* Bulgaria (joined 2004)
* Estonia (joined 2004)
* Latvia (joined 2004)
* Lithuania (joined 2004)
* Romania (joined 2004)
* Slovakia (joined 2004)
* Slovenia (joined 2004)
* Albania (joined 2009)
* Croatia (joined 2009)
* Montenegro (joined 2017)
* North Macedonia (joined 2020)
* Finland (joined 2023)
* Sweden (joined 2024)

* British Cyprus (1949-1960)
* French Algeria (1949-1962)[N 3]
* Crown Colony of Malta (1949-1964)

1951  | Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of the Philippines |  |

* Philippines
* United States

1951  | ANZUS |  |

* Australia
* New Zealand
* United States

1953  | Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Republic of Korea |  |

* South Korea
* United States

1960  | Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan |  |

* Japan
* United States

1961  | Sino-North Korean Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance |  |

* China
* North Korea

1992  | Collective Security Treaty |

* CSTO

* Armenia
* Belarus
* Kazakhstan
* Kyrgyzstan
* Russia
* Tajikistan

* Azerbaijan (1994–1999)
* Georgia (1994–1999)
* Uzbekistan (1994–1999, 2006–2012)

2019  | Treaty on Franco-German Cooperation and Integration |

* Aachen Treaty

* France
* Germany

2021  | Franco-Greek defence agreement[3] |  |

* France
* Greece

2023  | Alliance of Sahel States |  |

* Burkina Faso
* Mali
* Niger

2024  | North Korean–Russian Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership |  |

* North Korea
* Russia

1. ^ Joined as Kingdom of Greece.
2. ^ Joined as West Germany. After reunification in 1990, the former East German territory became covered by NATO protection.
3. ^ Joined as part of French Fourth Republic. After Algerian independence in 1962, the former French Algerian territory's NATO protection ceased as the Article VI clause was no longer applicable.

## Historical treaties

[edit]

Year  | Treaty name  | Member States

|
|

1778–1798  | Treaty of Alliance |

* Kingdom of France ( French First Republic from 1792)
* United States

1873–1887  | League of the Three Emperors |

* German Empire
* Austria-Hungary
* Russian Empire

1950–1979  | Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance |

* China
* Soviet Union

1954–1977  | Southeast Asia Treaty Organization |

* Australia
* France
* New Zealand
* Pakistan (withdrew in 1973)
* Philippines
* Thailand
* United Kingdom
* United States

1955–1979  | Middle East Treaty Organization |

* Iran
* Iraq (withdrew in 1959)
* Pakistan
* Turkey
* United Kingdom

1955–1980  | Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty |

* Taiwan
* United States

1955–1991  | Warsaw Pact |

* Albania (withdrew in 1968)
* Bulgaria
* Czechoslovakia
* East Germany
* Hungary
* Poland
* Romania
* Soviet Union

## See also

[edit]

* Military alliance
* List of military alliances

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Volker Krause, J. David Singer "Minor Powers, Alliances, And Armed Conflict: Some Preliminary Patterns", in "Small States and Alliances", 2001, pp 15–23, ISBN 978-3-7908-2492-6 (Print) ISBN 978-3-662-13000-1 (Online) [1]
2. ^ Fulvio Attinà "State aggregation in defense pacts: systemic explanations", Jean Monnet Working Papers, University of Catania, nr. 56, November 2004, ISSN 2281-9029 [2]
3. ^ "The Entire France-Greece Defense and Security Agreement". Greek Reporter. 28 September 2021.

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