Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)

Campaign during the Syrian Civil War

Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)

Part of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate campaign and inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war
| Date| 10 April – 14 July 2014
(3 months and 4 days)

|

Location|

Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Syria

35°09′20″N 40°25′33″E﻿ / ﻿35.1556°N 40.4258°E﻿ / 35.1556; 40.4258
Result|

Decisive ISIS victory

* ISIS defeats all opposition forces and captures most of the province

Belligerents
Islamic State|  al-Nusra Front
Islamic Front
Army of Mujahedeen
Free Syrian Army
Syria Revolutionaries Front
Liwa al-Qadisiyah
Liwa 'Umar al-Mukhtar
Commanders and leaders
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Leader of ISIL)
Abu Omar al-Shishani (Military Chief)
Abu Ayman al-Iraqi (Governor of Deir ez-Zor)|  Brig. Gen. Abdul-Ilah al-Bashir
(FSA Chief of Staff)
Jamal Maarouf
(SRF Leader)
Abu Mohammad al-Julani
(al-Nusra Front Leader)
Zahran Alloush
(Islamic Front Military Leader)
Ahmed Abu Issa
(Islamic Front Leader)
Adnan Bakour †[1]
(Al-Tawhid Brigade Leader)
Abu Hussein al-Dik †[1]
(Suqour al-Sham Brigade Leader)
Abu Khaled al-Suri †[2]
(Ahrar ash-Sham senior leader)
Casualties and losses
267 killed (10–11 April; 30 April – 10 June)[3][4]|  414 killed (10–11 April; 30 April – 10 June)[3][4]
39 civilians killed (30 April – 10 June)[4]

* v
* t
* e

Syrian civil war

Timeline

*     * January–April 2011
* May–August 2011
* September–December 2011
* January–April 2012
* May–August 2012
* September–December 2012
* January–April 2013
* May–December 2013
* January–July 2014
* August–December 2014
* January–July 2015
* August–December 2015
* January–April 2016
* May–August 2016
* September–December 2016
* January–April 2017
* May–August 2017
* September–December 2017
* January–April 2018
* May–August 2018
* September–December 2018
* January–April 2019
* May–August 2019
* September–December 2019

* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024

* * *

* Background and causes
* Casualties
* Cities
* map
* Terrorism
* Massacres

* v
* t
* e

Civil uprising in Syria (March–August 2011)

* Daraa
* Baniyas
* Homs (May–August 2011)
* Talkalakh
* Rastan and Talbiseh
* 1st Jisr ash-Shughur
* 1st Jabal al-Zawiya
* Hama
* Latakia

* v
* t
* e

Start of insurgency (Sept. 2011 – April 2012)

* Homs (2011–14)
* Homs offensive
* 1st Idlib Gov.
* Syrian–Turkish border
* Jabal al-Zawiya
* 1st Idlib City
* Saraqeb
* 1st Rastan
* Hama Gov.
* Shayrat & Tiyas ambush
* Daraa Gov.
* 1st Rif Dimashq
* 1st Zabadani
* Douma
* Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014)
* Hatla
* Aleppo Gov.
* Azaz
* 2nd Rastan
* 1st al-Qusayr
* 2nd Idlib Gov.
* Taftanaz

* v
* t
* e

UN ceasefire; Rebel advances (May 2012 – Dec. 2013)

* 3rd Rastan
* Houla
* Northern Homs
* Al-Haffah
* Al-Qubeir
* Al-Tremseh
* 3rd Idlib Gov.
* 1st Damascus
* Bombing
* Aleppo
* Anadan
* Menagh Air Base
* Base 46
* Khan al-Assal
* 1st Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Aleppo offensive
* Syrian Kurdistan and Kurdish–Islamist conflict
* Hasaka campaign
* Ras al-Ayn
* al-Yaarubiyah
* Tell Hamis and Tell Brak
* Tell Abyad
* Nubl & Al-Zahraa
* 2nd Rif Dimashq (1st Darayya)
* Abu al-Duhur Airbase
* Quneitra Gov.
* 3rd Rif Dimashq
* 1st Yarmouk camp
* 2nd Darayya
* Darayya & Muadamiyat
* Aqrab
* 1st Hama offensive
* Halfaya
* 1st Safira
* Shadadeh
* 2nd Damascus
* 1st Raqqa campaign (1st Raqqa)
* 1st Daraa offensive
* 4th Rif Dimashq
* Jdaidet al-Fadl
* Tadamon
* Ghouta
* Al-Qusayr offensive
* 2nd al-Qusayr
* Eastern Ghouta
* 2nd Hama offensive
* Bayda and Baniyas
* 1st Latakia offensive
* Ma'loula
* Sadad
* 5th Rif Dimashq
* 1st Qalamoun
* Adra

* v
* t
* e

Rise of the Islamic State (Jan. – Sept. 2014)

* Inter-rebel conflict
* Northern Aleppo
* Markada
* 1st Deir ez-Zor offensive
* al-Otaiba ambush
* Maan
* Hosn
* Morek
* 2nd Daraa offensive
* 2nd Latakia offensive
* 4th Idlib Gov.
* Al-Malihah
* 2nd Wadi Deif
* 2nd Qalamoun
* Arsal
* Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)
* 1st Shaer gas field
* 1st Eastern Syria
* Tabqa Airbase
* 3rd Hama offensive
* 6th Rif Dimashq
* 1st Quneitra
* Kobanî

* v
* t
* e

U.S.-led intervention, Rebel & ISIL advances (Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)

* U.S.-led intervention
* Homs school bombing
* 3rd Daraa offensive
* 2nd Safira
* 2014 Idlib city raid
* Nusra–FSA conflict
* 2nd Shaer gas field
* 1st Al-Shaykh Maskin
* 2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 3rd Aleppo offensive
* An-26 crash
* 4th Daraa offensive
* Southern Syria
* Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
* 1st Sarrin
* Hama/Homs offensive
* Bosra
* 5th Idlib Gov
* 2nd Idlib city
* Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya
* Nasib
* 2nd Yarmouk camp
* 1st Northwestern Syria
* 3rd Qalamoun
* 1st Palmyra
* Western al-Hasakah offensive
* 1st Al-Hasakah city
* Tell Abyad
* Daraa/As-Suwayda
* 2nd Quneitra
* 2nd Sarrin
* 5th Daraa
* 2nd Al-Hasakah city
* 2nd Kobanî
* 4th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Zabadani
* 2nd Palmyra
* Al-Ghab
* 1st al-Qaryatayn
* Douma market
* 7th Rif Dimashq
* Kuweires offensive

* v
* t
* e

Russian intervention (Sept. 2015 – March 2016)

* Russian intervention
* 3rd Quneitra
* 2nd Northwestern Syria
* 3rd Latakia offensive
* Su-24 shootdown
* 5th Aleppo offensive
* al-Hawl
* Homs offensive
* 6th Aleppo offensive
* 4th Hama offensive
* Tell Tamer
* Tishrin Dam
* 2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin
* al-Qamishli bombings
* Orontes River
* 3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 1st Sayyidah Zaynab
* 7th Aleppo offensive
* 1st Ithriyah-Raqqa
* Al-Shaddadi
* Homs bombings
* 2nd Sayyidah Zaynab
* Khanasir
* 2nd Tel Abyad
* Al-Tanf
* 2nd Al-Qaryatayn
* 3rd Palmyra
* 2nd Maarat al-Nu'man

* v
* t
* e

Aleppo escalation and Euphrates Shield (March 2016 – February 2017)

* 8th Aleppo offensive
* 6th Daraa
* 9th–11th Aleppo offensives
* Al-Dumayr
* 1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
* 1st Qamishli
* Aleppo bombings
* 8th Rif Dimashq
* 3rd Shaer gas field
* Northern Raqqa
* Jableh & Tartus
* Manbij
* Tokhar
* 2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa
* 9th Rif Dimashq
* 12th–14th Aleppo offensives
* 12th
* 13th
* 14th
* 4th Latakia offensive
* 1st Abu Kamal
* 3rd Qamishli
* Atmeh
* al-Rai
* 3rd Al-Hasakah City
* Operation Euphrates Shield
* Northern al-Bab
* Dabiq
* al-Bab
* 5th Hama offensive
* 1st Western al-Bab
* 1st Eastern Qalamoun
* September bombings
* 4th Quneitra
* Deir ez-Zor airstrike
* Aleppo aid convoy attack
* 15th Aleppo offensive
* Khan al-Shih
* 1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Western al-Bab
* 16th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Raqqa campaign
* 17th Aleppo offensive
* 4th Palmyra
* Wadi Barada
* 1st Syrian Desert
* Azaz bombings
* 5th Palmyra
* 4th Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 18th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 7th Daraa
* Qaboun
* 8th Daraa

* v
* t
* e

Collapse of the Islamic State in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017)

* Eastern Homs offensive
* al-Jina mosque
* 6th Hama offensive
* Tabqa
* Khan Shaykhun
* US Shayrat strike
* Aleppo bus bombing
* April 2017 Turkish airstrikes
* 2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Syrian Desert
* Maskanah
* East Hama
* 2nd Raqqa
* 9th Daraa
* Southern Raqqa
* Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike
* Ja'din
* Jobar
* 5th Quneitra
* Central Syria
* 3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 4th Qalamoun
* Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)
* 2nd Eastern Syria
* Deir ez-Zor city
* Euphrates Crossing
* Mayadin
* 2nd Abu Kamal
* 7th Hama offensive

* v
* t
* e

Rebels in retreat and Operation Olive Branch
(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)

* 3rd Northwestern Syria
* Eastern Syria insurgency
* Atarib
* Harasta
* Beit Jinn
* 3rd Syrian Desert
* 5th Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 1st Southern Damascus
* Olive Branch
* Afrin
* SDF insurgency
* Khasham
* Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident
* 10th Rif Dimashq (Douma)
* 4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Southern Damascus
* U.S.-led missile strikes
* Northern Homs
* 2nd Eastern Qalamoun
* 3rd Southern Damascus
* Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes
* House of Cards
* 1st As-Suwayda
* 2nd Southern Syria
* 2nd As-Suwayda
* 3rd As-Suwayda
* 2nd Qamishli

* v
* t
* e

Idlib demilitarization
(Sep. 2018 – April 2019)

* Idlib demilitarization
* 5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* Sep. 2018 missile strikes
* Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike
* Northern border clashes
* Daraa insurgency
* Manbij bombing
* Baghuz Fawqani
* U.S. airstrike

* v
* t
* e

First Idlib offensive, Operation Peace Spring, & Second Idlib offensive (April 2019 – March 2020)

* 4th Northwestern
* Tell Rifaat
* Raqqa & Azaz
* Hass
* 2nd Israeli missile strikes
* Peace Spring (2nd Ras al-Ayn)
* Kayla Mueller
* Northern bombings
* 3rd Israeli missile strikes
* Qah
* 5th Northwestern
* Balyun
* Spring Shield
* 2nd U.S. missile strikes
* 10th Daraa

* v
* t
* e

Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present)

* 6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* Ayn Issa
* Qamishli & Al-Hasakah
* 4th Israeli missile strikes
* 3rd Qamishli
* 11th Daraa
* 7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 3rd Al-Hasakah city
* 1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
* Jabal al-Bishrī
* 2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
* Claw-Sword
* Northwestern clashes
* 3rd U.S. missile strikes
* 2nd Northern clashes
* Deir ez-Zor (2023)
* 3rd Northern clashes
* Homs drone strike
* Israel–Hezbollah conflict
* February 2024 airstrikes

* v
* t
* e

Syrian War spillover and international incidents

* Lebanon spillover
* Lebanese–Syrian border
* Sidon
* Iranian embassy bombing
* North Lebanon clashes

* * *

* Syrian–Turkish border incidents
* Turkish F4 shootdown
* Reyhanlı bombings
* Turkish occupation of northern Syria
* Kurdish riots

* * *

* Jordanian–Syrian border incidents

* * *

* Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line
* February 2018 incident
* May 2018 incident

* * *

* Iraqi–Syrian border incidents
* Akashat
* al-Shabah
* Western Nineveh
* Western Iraq

* * *

* Spillover in Iran
* 2017 Tehran attacks
* 2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike
* 2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria

* * *

* Spillover in Turkey
* Russian Su-24 shootdown
* Andrei Karlov
* Balyun airstrikes
* Kafr Takharim airstrikes

* * *

* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

* * *

* * *

* Spillover in Europe

* v
* t
* e

Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war

Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic

* Russian involvement
* 2015 military intervention
* Iranian intervention
* 2017 missile strike
* Iran–Israel conflict
* 2012 Hezbollah involvement

Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels

* Foreign rebel fighters
* Turkish involvement
* Turkey–Islamic State conflict
* Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation
* Euphrates Shield
* 2017 airstrikes
* Idlib Governorate operation
* Afrin operation
* 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
* Israel's role

U.S.-led intervention against ISIL

* U.S.-led Intervention
* Timeline
* List of attacks
* 2014 rescue operation
* May 2015 raid
* 2017 missile strikes
* Qatari involvement
* Jordanian intervention
* Operation Martyr Muath
* Lebanon's role
* Saudi involvement
* April 2018 missile strikes
* Dutch involvement
* German intervention
* French intervention
* Australian intervention
* UK intervention

The Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014) was executed by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, also known as ISIS, against all other opposition forces in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate as part of the Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War.

After more than three months of heavy fighting, ISIS totally defeated the rebels and captured almost the whole province, except a part of the provincial capital, the military airport on its southern outskirts and a few of the surrounding towns, which remained under control of Syrian Arab Republic government troops, who were not involved in the inter-rebel fighting.

## Background[edit]

Main article: Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–14)

Protests against the Syrian government and violence has been ongoing in the Syrian city of Deir ez-Zor since March 2011, as part of the wider Syrian civil war, but large-scale clashes started following a military operation in late July 2011 to secure the city of Deir ez-Zor. The rebels had gradually taken control of the province until almost complete domination in mid-2013.

## The offensive[edit]

### ISIS attack on Abu Kamal[edit]

On 10 April 2014, ISIS launched a three-pronged assault on rebel positions in and near the border town of Abu Kamal. The ISIS reportedly took parts of the town,[5] the silos near the town and Kabajeb.[6][7][8][9] The bodies of 10 rebel fighters, allegedly executed by ISIS, were found at two different sites in Abu Kamal with more reports of the summary executions of rebels by the ISIS in the area according to the SOHR.[10] A counter-attack against ISIS positions by al-Nusra Front and its allies was reported the same day, involving the brigades Liwa al-Qadisiyah and Liwa 'Umar al-Mukhtar.[11] On 11 April, the number of dead on both sides was raised to 86, including the brother of the ISIS Emir in Abu Kamal and the judge of a Sharia committee.[3][12]

On 11 April, Jabhat al Nusra and Islamic battalions bolstered by reinforcements regained control of Abu Kamal after the ISIS was pushed out of occupied districts in less than a few hours after the takeover. ISIS pulled out to the T2 oil station on the outskirts of the city. Most of its checkpoints in the area were also removed. The SOHR confirmed the executions of seven rebel fighters belonging to the Islamic battalion during the seizure of the oil station the previous day.[13] 26 ISIS fighters were killed in the second day of fighting with the rebel death toll rising to 60.[3] Three Islamic fighters were also killed battling ISIS positions in the north along with one killed in Markadah.[13]

On 13 April, fighting in the Abu Kamal area subsided as ISIS retreated to the town of Haseen. Heavy clashes were reported with rebels as ISIS made territorial gains in the north, capturing several villages previously held by the rebels.[14] On 16 April, rebels pulled away from northern Deir ez-Zor while ISIS was pushed out of a city in the south, leaving 13 ISIS fighters dead. The same day, ISIS assassinated al-Nusra Emir in Idlib province, Abu Muhammed al Ansari.[15]

### Rebel counter-attack[edit]

By 26 April, according to rebel source, some 1,500 rebels were engaged in an offensive in Raqqa province, trying to push towards the city of Raqqa. The same source claimed that the rebels took at least five villages.[16]

On 1 May, rebels reportedly captured the town of Al-Busayrah as well as the Al-Busayrah mound from the ISIS.[17] The next day, ISIS fighters took the Abriha village from the rebels, but the rebels recaptured it two days later. More than 60,000 civilians have reportedly fled from towns and villages in Deir ez-Zor province due to the clashes between the rebels and ISIS.[18] That day, the Al-Nusra Front announced that it will stop fighting ISIS as soon as the ISIS will stop its attacks on Muslims.[19] On 5 May, 69 rebels and local gunmen were killed in clashes against ISIS in Deir ez-Zor, while at least 23 ISIS fighters were killed, as well as five civilians, including the governor of the province. The As-Sabkhah village was reportedly taken by the rebels.[20]

On 8 May, ISIS arrested hundreds of people in Deir ez-Zor under suspicion of having family members among the rebels and 20 of them were allegedly executed. Meanwhile, ISIS captured the villages of at-Tabiyah,[21] Al-Kasrah and Hammar Ali in the province.[22] More than 20 rebels were killed in the clashes. Several ISIS fighters were also killed.[21] On 10 May, ISIS took complete control of western Reef Deir Iz Zor.[23]

From 30 April until 10 May, 230 fighters and several civilians were killed in the clashes between the Al-Nusra Front and ISIS in the governorate of Deir ez-Zor according to the Syrian Observatory of Human Rights; 146 of the dead combatants were those who fought against ISIS.[23][24]

### ISIS captures western Deir ez-Zor[edit]

Situation in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, mid-May 2014

On 11 May, an opposition source stated that since the start of the conflict 2,000 rebel fighters had been killed fighting against ISIS and 2,850 were wounded.[25] From 10 to 11 May, ISIS was said to have gained control of important parts of eastern Deir ez-Zor province and districts of Deir ez-Zor city from rival rebel forces, opposition sources reported.[26] ISIS reportedly executed multiple FSA fighters at a checkpoint in Al-Hisan village in Deir ez-Zor province on 11 May.[27]

On 13 May, ISIS reportedly gained control of at least five villages in the northern countryside of Raqqa Governorate after battles with rebels; 14 rebel fighters were reported killed in the clashes.[28] ISIS was said to have executed the military commander of the Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa and his nephew near Ayn Issa in Raqqa Governorate.[29]

On 16 May, ISIS launched a suicide attack on a rebel brigade's headquarters in Ash-Shuhayl town east of Deir ez-Zor; 13–14 people, mostly rebel fighters, were reported killed in the attack.[30][31][32]

By late May, 3,000 ISIS fighters were involved in the offensive in Deir ez-Zor.[33]

On 21 May, ISIS was reported to have gained control of the village of Al-Shulah, located in a desert oasis about 30 km southwest of Deir ez-Zor[34] (which was previously captured by the army on 5 July 2013[35]). A few months later, SOHR announced that warplanes carried out a raid on the area of Al-Shulah, which led to the death of 16 civilians (including ten children), when a rocket landed on a bus that was traveling to Damascus.[36][37] However, Syrian state television accused ISIS of committing a "massacre" in the same place, which caused the deaths of 13 people, mostly women and children.[38] A few months later, SOHR announced that violent clashes took place in Al-Shulah area between regime forces and IS after regime forces called for reinforcements in an attempt to advance in the area.[39]

On 22 May, ISIS was reported to have gained control of the Al-Kharrat oil terminal; 26 Al-Nusra and rebel fighters were killed in the fighting. ISIS was said to have captured five oil stations in the Deir ez-Zor countryside since the beginning of opposition infighting.[40]

On 2 June, ISIS took full control of Al-Busayrah east of Deir ez-Zor, while at the same time Jabhat al-Nusra and allies counterattacked, reclaiming 12 villages directly northwest and three directly east of Deir ez-Zor.[41]

On 5 June, ISIS gained control of the entire western countryside of Deir ez-Zor after Jabhat Al-Nusra forces withdrew following an assault by Chechen and Afghan ISIS fighters.[42] On 8 June, the FSA reportedly assassinated the ISIS emir of Homs.[43] By 10 June, the offensive into Deir ez-Zor had expanded and ISIS had reportedly driven Al-Nusra and aligned militants from nearly all of the province north of the Euphrates.[44]

According to SOHR, the violence since 30 April led to the death of 241 ISIS fighters and 354 rebels. ISIS also captured four oilfields.[4]

### Rebel defections and ISIS capture of eastern Deir ez-Zor[edit]

Situation in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, mid-June 2014

By 17 June, ISIS forces imposed a siege on rebel-held areas of the provincial capital[45] and three days later captured three towns near the military airport.[46]

Since the start of the offensive, the pace of defections from the opposition to ISIS had accelerated, most significantly in the town of Al-Muhasan and adjacent villages, where a mass defection by the rebel garrison granted ISIS uncontested control over a key route to the provincial capital.[47]

On 25 June, the local unit of Al-Nusra in Abu Kamal on the Iraqi border pledged loyalty to ISIS.[48]

On 30 June, ISIS allowed a relief convoy with aid to enter the provincial capital.[49]

On 1 July, ISIS, bolstered by reinforcements from Iraq, routed rebels from Abu Kamal after days of fighting with opposition forces led by Al-Nusra. ISIS began advancing towards Al-Nusra's stronghold, Ash-Shuhayl, also reported to be the hometown of its leader, Abu Mohammad al-Julani.[50]

On 3 July, ISIS took control of the towns of Mayadin and Ash-Shuhayl in Deir ez-Zor province, after Al-Nusra fighters withdrew,[51] and gained control of Syria's largest oil field, al-Omar in Deir ez-Zor province, after Al-Nusra forces fled the facility.[52] By this point, the entirety of the province with the exception of the provincial capital, its airport, and a few villages had fallen to ISIS.[53] Following this, ISIS captured the towns of Al-Quriyah and Buqrus, close to the town of Mayadin.[54]

### ISIS moves into the provincial capital[edit]

Situation in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, mid-July 2014

On 14 July, ISIS expelled Nusra and other assorted rebel groups from all rebel-controlled neighborhoods in Deir ez-Zor city.[55] By this stage, ISIS controlled between 95% and 98% of the Deir Ez-Zor province.[56]

## Aftermath[edit]

The December 2014 ISIS Offensive was launched by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) on the Deir ez-Zor air base and surrounding areas in late 2014, with an aim of capturing last Ba'athist government's strongholds in the province.

## See also[edit]

* Asia portal

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b Al-Qaeda fighters kill Syrian rebel leaders Al-Jazeera, 2 February 2014
2. ^ "Senior Al-Qaeda figure killed by ISIS". The Daily Star. 24 February 2014.
3. ^ a b c d "'86 dead' as Syria's Qaeda, allies repel jihadists - News, Middle East - THE DAILY STAR". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
4. ^ a b c d "Hundreds killed as ISIL insurgents gain ground in east Syria". Reuters. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
5. ^ "Syria Qaeda loses ground to jihadist rivals on Iraq border". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
6. ^ "الدولة الإسلامية تتقدم وتسيطر على مناطق في البوكمال". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
7. ^ "68 killed as Islamist groups fight each other in Syria, group says". CNN. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
8. ^ "les combattants de l'EIIL revendiquent la reprise de Kabajeb". Romain Caillet. 18 April 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
9. ^ "Syria: ISIL, Al-Nusra Front Resume Fierce Clashes in Deir Ezzur". FARS. 30 April 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
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11. ^ "ISIS attacks jihadist rivals, Syrian rebels in Iraq border town". AFP. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
12. ^ "Der-Ezzor province: rose to 5". Facebook. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
13. ^ a b "Syrian Observatory for Human Rights | Facebook". facebook.com. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
14. ^ "ISIS on retreat in Deir al-Zor after surprise attack". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
15. ^ "ISIS reportedly kills Al Nusrah Front's commander for Idlib province". The Long War Journal. 16 April 2014.
16. ^ "FSA strikes jihadist-held stronghold". The Times. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
17. ^ "Der Al Zor province". Facebook. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
18. ^ "Der Al Zor province". Facebook. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
19. ^ "Syria's Nusra sets conditions to stop fighting ISIS". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 16 May 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
20. ^ "Syrian Observatory For Human Rights - Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". Retrieved 26 January 2015.
21. ^ a b Accused of cooperation with Syria rebels, 20 civilians executed by ISIL in Deir ez-Zor Archived 9 May 2014 at archive.today
22. ^ "المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان - المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان". المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
23. ^ a b "Syrian Observatory For Human Rights - Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". Retrieved 26 January 2015.
24. ^ "100,000 civilians flee jihadist clashes in Syria". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
25. ^ "Syrian Rebellion groups losses in their conflict with #ISIS". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
26. ^ "Al Qaeda splinter group moves to take eastern Syrian city". Reuters. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
27. ^ "#SNN | #Syria Breaking News | Deir Ezzor... - S.N.N | Shaam News Network | Facebook". facebook.com. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
28. ^ "Raqqa Province: ISIS executed the... - Syrian Observatory for Human Rights | Facebook". facebook.com. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
29. ^ إعدام القائد العسكري للواء إسلامي في الرقة
30. ^ "قتلى بتفجيرين بدير الزور وإدلب وغارات بدرعا".
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