Democratic Progressive Party

Taiwanese political party

For other uses, see Democratic Progressive Party (disambiguation).

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Democratic Progressive Party

民主進步黨

Abbreviation| DPP
Chairperson| Lai Ching-te
Secretary-General| Lin Yu-chang
Founded| 28 September 1986; 38 years ago (1986-09-28)
Preceded by| Tangwai
Headquarters| 10F-30, Beiping East Rd.
Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan
10049[1]
Think tank| New Frontier Foundation [zh]
Membership (2023)|  238,664[2]
Ideology|

* Progressivism (Taiwanese)
* Social liberalism
* Taiwanese nationalism[A]
* Anti-communism
* Anti-imperialism

Political position| Center to center-left[B]
National affiliation| Pan-Green Coalition
Regional affiliation| Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats[3]
International affiliation| Liberal International
Colors|  Green
Legislative Yuan|

51 / 113

Municipal mayors|

2 / 6

Magistrates/mayors|

3 / 16

Councilors|

277 / 910

Township/city mayors|

40 / 204

Party flag
Website
www.dpp.org.tw

* Politics of Taiwan
* Political parties
* Elections

* * *

^ A: Though Taiwan independence is written in the DPP platform, main DPP politicians support a Republic of China independence position.
^ B: The DPP has been characterized as centrist[4] because it was historically the major big tent opposition party supporting democracy. It is also sometimes described as right-wing by pro-China media outlets owing to its anti-CCP stance.[5]

Democratic Progressive Party

Traditional Chinese| 民主進步黨
Simplified Chinese| 民主进步党
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Mínzhǔ Jìnbù Dǎng
Bopomofo| ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄤˇ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh| Minjuu Jinnbuh Daang
Wade–Giles| Min2-chu3 Chin4-pu4 Tang3
Tongyong Pinyin| Mín-jhǔ Jìn-bù Dǎng
MPS2| Mínjǔ Jìnbù Dǎng
IPA| [mǐn.ʈʂù tɕîn.pû tàŋ]
Hakka
Romanization| Mìn-chú Chin-phu Tóng
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ| Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng
Tâi-lô| Bîn-tsú Tsìn-pōo Tóng
DPP
Traditional Chinese| 民進黨
Simplified Chinese| 民进党
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Mínjìn Dǎng
Bopomofo| ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄤˇ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh| Minjinn Daang
Wade–Giles| Min2-chin4 Tang3
Tongyong Pinyin| Mín-jìn Dǎng
MPS2| Mínjìn Dǎng
IPA| [mǐn.tɕîn tàŋ]
Hakka
Romanization| Mìn-chin Tóng
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ| Bîn-chìn Tóng
Tâi-lô| Bîn-tsìn Tóng

Politics of Taiwan

Government

* Constitution of the Republic of China
* Additional Articles of the Constitution

* * *

* Law
* Taxation

Presidency

* President of the Republic of China

Lai Ching-te (DPP)

* Vice President of the Republic of China

Hsiao Bi-khim (DPP)

* * *

* Office of the President
* National Security Council

Executive

Executive Yuan

* Premier

Cho Jung-tai (DPP)

* Vice Premier

Cheng Li-chun (DPP)

Legislature

Legislative Yuan

11th Legislative Yuan

* President of the Legislative Yuan

Han Kuo-yu (KMT)

* Vice President of the Legislative Yuan

Johnny Chiang (KMT)

Judiciary

Judicial Yuan

* President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice

Shieh Ming-yan acting

* Vice President of the Judicial Yuan

Vacant

* * *

* Supreme Court
* High Courts
* District Courts

Other branches

Examination Yuan

* President of the Examination Yuan

Vacant

* Vice President of the Examination Yuan

Vacant

* * *

Control Yuan

* President of the Control Yuan

Chen Chu

* Vice President of the Control Yuan

Lee Hung-chun

* * *

Local government

Mayors and Magistrates

Elections

Central Election Commission

* * *

* Presidential elections
* Legislative elections
* Local elections
* Referendums

Political parties

Represented in the Legislative Yuan

Kuomintang
Democratic Progressive Party
Taiwan People's Party

* * *

Others
New Power Party
Taiwan Statebuilding Party
People First Party
Taiwan Solidarity Union
New Party
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union

Green Party Taiwan

Mass media

Television

Newspapers
United Daily News
Liberty Times
China Times
Taipei Times

* * *

Propaganda
Censorship
Film censorship

White Terror

Foreign relations

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

* Foreign Minister

Lin Chia-lung

* * *

Cross-Strait relations
Special state-to-state relations
One Country on Each Side
1992 Consensus
Taiwan consensus
Chinese Taipei

* * *

Australia–Taiwan relations
Canada–Taiwan relations
France–Taiwan relations
Russia–Taiwan relations
Taiwan–United Kingdom relations
Taiwan–United States relations

Taiwan and the World Health Organization

Related topics

Political status of Taiwan

Republic of China (1912–1949)
Chinese Civil War
One-China policy
China and the United Nations
Chinese unification
Taiwan independence movement
Taiwanese nationalism
Tangwai movement

Third Taiwan Strait Crisis

Taiwan portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

The Democratic Progressive Party[I] (DPP)[II] is a center to center-left Taiwanese nationalist political party in Taiwan.[6][7][8] As the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition, one of the two main political camps in Taiwan, the DPP is currently the ruling party in Taiwan, leading a minority government that controls the presidency and the central government.

Founded in 1986 by Hsu Hsin-liang, Roger Hsieh and Lin Shui-chuan,[9][10] a year prior to the end of martial law, the DPP is one of two major parties in Taiwan, the other being the Kuomintang (KMT), a Chinese nationalist party previously ruling the country as a one-party state, and its smaller allies in the Pan-Blue Coalition. It has traditionally been associated with a strong advocacy of human rights, emerging against the authoritarian White Terror that was initiated by the KMT, as well as the promotion of Taiwanese nationalism and identity. Lai Ching-te is the current chairperson of the DPP from 2023, who also serves as the incumbent President and is the third member of the DPP to hold the presidency; he succeeded fellow DPP member Tsai Ing-wen in May 2024.

The DPP is a longtime member of Liberal International and a founding member of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats. It represented Taiwan in the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO). The DPP is widely classified as socially liberal, having been founded as a party for human rights, including factions within the party supporting same-sex marriage and other LGBT rights. On foreign policy, the DPP is more willing to increase military expenditures to prevent military intimidation from the People's Republic of China (PRC) owing to the ambiguous political status of Taiwan. It favors closer ties with democratic nations such as Japan and the United States, as well as the nations of ASEAN as part of its New Southbound Policy.

In its policy on cross-strait relations, the DPP as a ruling party chooses to keep the status quo of Taiwan, instead of approaching de jure independence, despite being a pro-independence group in its party platform. The party considers that Taiwan is already a sovereign country under the name "Republic of China" and is never subordinate to the PRC.[11] The DPP is frequently accused by the PRC government of being a primary force in Taiwan to "prevent the Chinese nation from achieving complete reunification" and "halt the process of national rejuvenation"[12] due to the party's outspoken advocacy of the Taiwanese nationalism, its supportive attitude to Taiwanese enjoying the right to decide their own future,[13][14] and its firm opposition to the notion of "One China", including the alleged "1992 Consensus" narratives by both the PRC and the KMT.

## History

[edit]

The DPP's roots were in the Tangwai movement, which formed in opposition to the Kuomintang's one-party authoritarian rule under the "party-state" system during martial law. This movement culminated in the formation of the DPP as an alternative, but still illegal, party on 28 September 1986 by eighteen organizing members at Grand Hotel Taipei, with a total of 132 people joining the party in attendance. The new party members contested the 1986 election as "nonpartisan" candidates since competing parties would remain illegal until the following year. These early members of the party, like the tangwai, drew heavily from the ranks of family members and defense lawyers of political prisoners, as well as intellectuals and artists who had spent time abroad. These individuals were strongly committed to political change toward democracy and freedom of speech, press, assembly, and association.[15][16]

The tangwai were not a unified political unit and consisted of factions which carried over into the early DPP. At its founding the DPP consisted of three factions: the Kang group, a moderate faction led by Kang Ning-hsiang, New Tide faction, consisting of intellectuals and social activists led by Wu Nai-ren and Chiou I-jen, and the Progress Faction led by Lin Cheng-chieh, a waishengren opposed to independence. Moderates would later coalesce around the Formosa faction, founded by those arrested during the Formosa Incident after their release from prison. In the early days of the party, the Formosa faction focused on winning elections by wielding the star power of its leaders, while New Tide would focus on ideological mobilization and developing grassroots support for social movements. As a result, the Formosa faction would become more moderate, often bending to public opinion, while New Tide would become more ideologically cohesive. By 1988 the Formosa Faction would dominate high-level positions within the party.[17]

The party did not at the outset give explicit support to an independent Taiwanese national identity, partially because moderates such as Hsu Hsin-liang were concerned that such a move that could have invited a violent crackdown by the Kuomintang and alienate voters, but also because some members such as Lin Cheng-chieh supported unification. Partially due to their waning influence within the party and partially due to their ideological commitment, between 1988 and 1991 the New Tide Faction would push the independence issue, bolstered by the return of pro-independence activists from overseas who were previously barred from Taiwan. In 1991, in order to head off the New Tide, party chairman Hsu Hsin-liang of the moderate Formosa faction agreed to include language in the party charter which advocated for the drafting of a new constitution as well as declaration of a new Republic of Taiwan via referendum (which resulted in many pro-unification members leaving the party).[18][19] However, the party would quickly begin to walk back on this language, and eventually in 1999 the party congress passed a resolution that Taiwan was already an independent country, under the official name "Republic of China", and that any constitutional changes should be approved by the people via referendum, while emphasizing the use of the name "Taiwan" in international settings.[20]

Despite its lack of electoral success, the pressure that the DPP created on the ruling KMT via its demands are widely credited in the political reforms of the 1990s, most notably the direct popular election of Republic of China's president and all representatives in the National Assembly and Legislative Yuan, as well the ability to open discuss events from the past such as the February 28 Incident and its long aftermath of martial law, and space for a greater variety of political views and advocacy. Once the DPP had representation in the Legislative Yuan, the party used the legislature as a forum to challenge the ruling KMT.

In 1996, DPP Chairman Shih Ming-teh united with the New Party to run for the President of the Legislative Yuan, but lost by one vote. The vote that was missing was legislator Chang Chin-cheng's failure to vote for Shih. As a result, Chang was expelled from the DPP.

Post-democratization, the DPP shifted their focus to anti-corruption issues, in particular regarding KMT connections to organized crime as well as "party assets" illegally acquired from the government during martial law.[21] Meanwhile, factions continued to form within the DPP as a mechanism for coalition-building within the party; notably, future President Chen Shui-bian would form the Justice Alliance faction.

### 2000–2008: in minority government

[edit]

Former President Chen Shui-bian, the first DPP President (2000–2008)

The DPP won the presidency with the election of Chen Shui-bian in March 2000 with a plurality, due to Pan-Blue voters splitting their vote between the Kuomintang and independent candidate James Soong, ending 91 years of KMT rule in the Republic of China. Chen softened the party's stance on independence to appeal to moderate voters, appease the United States, and placate China. He also promised not to change the ROC state symbols or declare formal independence as long as the People's Republic of China did not attack Taiwan. Further, he advocated for economic exchange with China as well as the establishment of transportation links.[21]

In 2002, the DPP became the first party other than the KMT to reach a plurality in the Legislative Yuan following the 2001 legislative election. However, a majority coalition between the KMT, People First Party, and New Party prevented it from taking control of the chamber. This coalition was at odds with the presidency from the beginning, and led to President Chen's abandonment of the centrist positions that he ran his campaign on.[21]

In 2003, Chen announced a campaign to draft a referendum law as well as a new constitution, a move which appealed to the fundamentalist wing of the DPP. By now, the New Tide faction had begun to favor pragmatic approaches to their pro-independence goals and dominated decision-making positions within the party. By contrast, grassroots support was divided largely between moderate and fundamentalist wings. Though Chen's plans for a referendum on a new constitution were scuttled by the legislature, he did manage to include a largely symbolic referendum on the PRC military threat to coincide with the 2004 presidential election.[21] President Chen Shui-bian would be narrowly re-elected in 2004 after an assassination attempt the day before the election, and in the later legislative election, the pan-blue coalition opposition retained control of the chamber.

President Chen's moves sparked a debate within the party between fundamentalists and moderates who were concerned that voters would abandon their party. The fundamentalists won out, and as a result the DPP would largely follow Chen's lead. The DPP suffered a significant election defeat in nationwide local and county elections in December 2005, while the pan-blue coalition captured 16 of 23 county and city government offices under the leadership of popular Taipei mayor and KMT Party Chairman Ma Ying-jeou. Moderates within the party would blame this loss on the party's fundamentalist turn.[21]

The results led to a shake up of the party leadership. Su Tseng-chang resigned as DPP chairman soon after election results were announced. Su had pledged to step down if the DPP lost either Taipei County or failed to win 10 of the 23 mayor/magistrate positions. Vice President Annette Lu was appointed acting DPP leader. Presidential Office Secretary-General Yu Shyi-kun was elected in a three-way race against legislator Chai Trong-rong and Wong Chin-chu with 54.4% of the vote.

Premier Frank Hsieh, DPP election organizer and former mayor of Kaohsiung twice tendered a verbal resignation immediately following the election, but his resignation was not accepted by President Chen until 17 January 2006 after the DPP chairmanship election had concluded. The former DPP Chairman Su Tseng-chang was appointed to replace Hsieh as premier. Hsieh and his cabinet resigned en masse on 24 January to make way for Su and his new cabinet. President Chen had offered the position of Presidential Office Secretary-General (vacated by Su) to the departing premier, but Hsieh declined and left office criticizing President Chen for his tough line on dealing with China.

In 2005, following the passage of the Anti-Secession Law, the Chen administration issued a statement asserting the position that Taiwan's future should be decided by the people on Taiwan only.[22]

#### Separate identity from China

[edit]

On 30 September 2007, the DPP approved a resolution asserting a separate identity from China and called for the enactment of a new constitution for a "normal nation". It struck an accommodating tone by advocating general use of "Taiwan" as the country's name without calling for abandonment of the name Republic of China.[23]

Tsai Ing-wen, the second DPP President (2016–2024) and the leader of the DPP (2008–2022). Tsai is the first female leader of the DPP.

### 2008–2016: return to opposition

[edit]

In the national elections held in early months of 2008, the DPP won less than 25% of the seats (38.2% vote share) in the new Legislative Yuan while its presidential candidate, former Kaohsiung mayor Frank Hsieh, lost to KMT candidate Ma Ying-jeou by a wide margin (41.55% vs. 58.45%). In May, the DPP elected moderate Tsai Ing-wen as their new leader over fundamentalist Koo Kwang-ming.[21] Tsai became the first female leader of the DPP and the first female leader to lead a major party in Taiwan.

The first months since backed to the opposition were dominated by press coverage of the travails of Chen Shui-bian and his wife Wu Shu-jen. On 15 August 2008, Chen resigned from the DPP and apologized: "Today I have to say sorry to all of the DPP members and supporters. I let everyone down, caused you humiliation and failed to meet your expectations. My acts have caused irreparable damage to the party. I love the DPP deeply and am proud of being a DPP member. To express my deepest regrets to all DPP members and supporters, I announce my withdrawal from the DPP immediately. My wife Wu Shu-jen is also withdrawing from the party." DPP Chairperson followed with a public statement on behalf of the party: "In regard to Chen and his wife's decision to withdraw from the party and his desire to shoulder responsibility for his actions as well as to undergo an investigation by the party's anti-corruption committee, we respect his decision and accept it."[24]

The DPP vowed to reflect on public misgivings towards the party. Chairperson Tsai insisted on the need for the party to remember its history, defend the Republic of China's sovereignty and national security, and maintain its confidence.[25][26]

The party re-emerged as a voice in Taiwan's political debate when Ma's administration reached the end of its first year in office. The DPP marked the anniversary with massive rallies in Taipei and Kaohsiung. Tsai's address to the crowd in Taipei on 17 May proclaimed a "citizens' movement to protect Republic of China" seeking to "protect our democracy and protect Republic of China."[27]

### 2016–2024: in majority government

[edit]

On 16 January 2016, Taiwan held a general election for its presidency and for the Legislative Yuan. The DPP gained the presidential seat, with the election of Tsai Ing-wen, who received 56.12% of the votes, while her opponent Eric Chu gained 31.2%.[28] In addition, the DPP gained a majority of the Legislative Yuan, winning 68 seats in the 113-seat legislature, up from 40 in 2012 election, thus giving them the majority for the first time in its history.[29]

President Tsai won reelection in the 2020 Taiwanese presidential election on 11 January 2020, and the Democratic Progressive Party retained its legislative majority, winning 61 seats.

### 2024–present: return to minority government

[edit]

The 13 January 2024 presidential election and legislative elections led to the election of Lai Ching-te who won with 40.1% of the votes, while his opponents, Hou Yu-ih of the KMT had 33.5% of the votes, and Ko Wen-je of the Taiwan People's Party with 26.5% of the vote. In addition, this election made the DPP the first party to win three consecutive presidential terms since direct elections were introduced in 1996. The DPP was unable to retain its majority in the Legislative Yuan, losing ten seats.[30][31]

## Ideology and policies

[edit]

Part of a series on the

Taiwan independence
movement

Basis

* Anti-imperialism
* De-Sinicization
* Self-determination
* Democratization
* Formosa
* Historical point of view of Taiwan [zh]
* Indigenism
* Progressivism
* State normalization [zh]
* Taiwanization
* Taiwan subjectivity [zh]
* Formosan
* Taiwanese nationalism
* Left-wing
* Taiwanese culture

Branch

* Taiwan independence
* Left-wing
* Republic of China independence
* Independent Taiwan [zh]
* Republic of Taiwan independence [zh]

Theory

* 1996 consensus [zh]
* Four-Stage Theory
* Four Wants and One Without
* One Country on Each Side
* Republic of China is Taiwan [zh]
* Republic of China on Taiwan
* Second Republic of the Republic of China [zh]
* Special state-to-state relations
* Taiwan consensus
* Taiwan Value
* Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan
* Two Chinas
* Two Sides, Two Constitutions [zh]

Document

* A Declaration of Formosan Self-salvation [zh]
* The Programme of New Generation [zh]
* Resolution on Taiwan's Future
* Taiwan Independence Clause [zh]
* Treaty of Shimonoseki
* Treaty of San Francisco

History

* Kingdom of Middag
* Kingdom of Tungning
* Republic of Formosa
* Taiwan under Japanese rule
* Retrocession of Taiwan

Incident

* 2008 Taiwanese United Nations membership referendum
* Additional Articles of the Constitution
* Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement
* Article 100 of the Criminal Code [zh]
* Attempted Assassination of Chiang Ching-kuo [zh]
* The Case of Scheming for Taiwan Independence [zh]
* The Case of Taiwan Independence Association [zh]
* The Case of Su Tong-ch'i [zh]
* Chen Wen-chen Incident [zh]
* February 28 Incident
* Fully election and recall of legislators [zh]
* Formosa Incident
* Guanziling Conference [zh]
* The Murder of the Lin Family [zh]
* Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament
* Presidential elections in Taiwan
* 1996
* Qiandao Lake Incident
* The self-immolation of Cheng Nan-jung
* Sunflower Student Movement
* Taiwan Passport Sticker
* Taiyuan Incident
* Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
* Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
* White Terror
* Wild Lily student movement
* Zhongli incident

Policy

* Abrogation of Guidelines for National Unification
* Abolition of National Unification Council
* No haste, Be patient [zh]
* Referendum Act
* Streamlining of Taiwan Province [zh]

Extant parties

Pan-Green

* Democratic Progressive Party
* Green Party Taiwan
* Social Democratic Party
* Taiwan Statebuilding Party
* Taiwan Solidarity Union

* * *

Other

* International Socialist Forward
* New Power Party
* Taiwanese Localism Front

Historical parties

Republic of China rule

* Free Taiwan Party
* Taiwan Action Party Alliance
* Taiwan Constitution Association
* Taiwan Defense Alliance
* Taiwan Independence Party
* Taiwan Nationalist Party
* Taiwan Renewal Party
* Taiwan Revolutionary Party
* Tangwai movement

* * *

Japanese rule

* Taiwanese Communist Party
* Taiwanese People's Party

Alliances

* Pan-Green Coalition
* Formosa Alliance

Organization

* Formosan League for Reemancipation
* Liberty Times
* One Side One Country Alliance [zh]
* Provisional Government [zh]
* Taiwanese Cultural Association
* World United Formosans for Independence

People (big-tent)

* Chai
* Chang
* Chen (Chih-hsiung)
* Chen (Lung-chu)
* Chen (Nan-tien) [zh]
* Chen (Shui-bian)
* Cheng
* Chiang (Ping-hsing) [zh]
* Chiang (Wei-shui)
* Hsiao
* Huang
* Kin
* Ko [zh]
* Koh
* Koo
* Lai
* Lee (Chen-Yuan)
* Lee (Teng-hui)
* Lee (Ying-yuan)
* Liao (Joshua) [zh]
* Liao (Shih-hao) [zh]
* Liao (Thomas)
* Lin
* Lim
* Lo [zh]
* Lu
* Ng
* Peng
* Su (Beng)
* Su (Tong-ch'i) [zh]
* Tsai
* Tsay

Movement

* 228 Hand-in-Hand rally
* Taiwan Consciousness Debate [zh]

Related topics

* Anti-communism
* Benshengren
* Chinese imperialism
* Formosa Magazine
* Japanophilia
* Mutual Defense Treaty
* New Tide faction
* Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity
* Political status of Taiwan
* Proposed flags of Taiwan
* Pro-Taiwanese sentiment
* Secession in China
* Taiwan independence activists
* Taiwan Relations Act
* Taiwan the Formosa
* Taiwan's 400 Year History
* Taiwanese indigenous peoples
* "Today Hong Kong, Tomorrow Taiwan"
* Westernization

Taiwan portal

* v
* t
* e

The DPP is a centrist[32] to center-left party[33][34][6][35] generally described as progressive.[36][37][38][39][40] It has also been described as liberal,[40][41] as well as social democratic.[41][42][43] The party takes a Taiwanese nationalist position, advocating for strengthening Taiwanese identity;[33] the party opposes the KMT and mainland China's pan-Chinese nationalism, and criticizes China's claims of sovereignty over Taiwan as 'colonialism' or 'imperialism'.[44] Programs supported by the party include moderate social welfare policies involving the rights of women, senior citizens, children, young people, labor, minorities, indigenous peoples, farmers, and other disadvantaged sectors of the society. Furthermore, its platform includes a legal and political order based on human rights and democracy; balanced economic and financial administration; fair and open social welfare; educational and cultural reform; and, independent defense and peaceful foreign policy with closer ties to United States and Japan. The party is socially liberal[41][45] and has a progressive stance that includes support for gender equality and same-sex marriage under Tsai's leadership, and also has a conservative base that includes support from the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan.

### Stance on Taiwanese independence

[edit]

The primary political axis in Taiwan involves the issue of Taiwan independence versus Chinese unification. Although the differences tend to be portrayed in polarized terms, both major coalitions have developed modified, nuanced and often complex positions. Though opposed in the philosophical origins, the practical differences between such positions can sometimes be subtle.

The current official position of the party is that Taiwan is an independent and sovereign country whose territory consists of Taiwan and its surrounding smaller islands and whose sovereignty derives only from the ROC citizens living in Taiwan (similar philosophy of self-determination), based on the 1999 "Resolution on Taiwan's Future". It considers Taiwan an independent nation under the name of Republic of China, making a formal declaration of independence unnecessary.[20] Though calls for drafting a new constitution and a declaration of a Republic of Taiwan was written into the party charter in 1991,[19] the 1999 resolution has practically superseded the earlier charter. The DPP rejects the so-called "One China principle" defined in 1992 as the basis for official diplomatic relations with the PRC and advocates a Taiwanese national identity which is separate from mainland China.[46]

By contrast, the KMT or pan-blue coalition agrees that the Republic of China is an independent and sovereign country that is not part of the PRC, but argues that a one China principle (with different definitions across the strait) can be used as the basis for talks with China. The KMT also opposes Taiwan independence and argues that efforts to establish a Taiwanese national identity separated from the Chinese national identity are unnecessary and needlessly provocative. Some KMT conservative officials have called efforts from DPP "anti-China" (opposing migrants from mainland China, who DPP officials did not recognize as Taiwanese, but Chinese). At the other end of the political spectrum, the acceptance by the DPP of the symbols of the Republic of China is opposed by the Taiwan Solidarity Union.

The first years of the DPP as the ruling party drew accusations from the opposition as a self-styled Taiwanese nationalist party, the DPP was itself inadequately sensitive to the ethnographic diversity of Taiwan's population. Where the KMT had been guilty of Chinese chauvinism, the critics charged, the DPP might offer nothing more as a remedy than Hoklo chauvinism.[47] The DPP argues that its efforts to promote a Taiwanese national identity are merely an effort to normalize a Taiwanese identity repressed during years of authoritarian Kuomintang rule.

### Support

[edit]

Since the democratization of Taiwan in the 1990s, the DPP has had its strongest performance in the Hokkien-speaking counties and cities of Taiwan, compared with the predominantly Hakka and Mandarin-speaking counties, that tend to support the Kuomintang.

The deep-rooted hostility between Taiwanese aborigines and (Taiwanese) Hoklo, and the effective KMT networks within aboriginal communities contribute to aboriginal skepticism against the DPP and the aboriginals' tendency to vote for the KMT.[48] Aboriginals have criticized politicians for abusing the "indigenization" movement for political gains, such as aboriginal opposition to the DPP's "rectification" by recognizing the Truku for political reasons, where the Atayal and Seediq slammed the Truku for their name rectification.[49] In 2008, the majority of mountain townships voted for Ma Ying-jeou.[50] However, the DPP share of the aboriginal vote has been rising.[51][52]

## Corruption

[edit]

The DPP has been plagued by frequent corruption scandals which has increased feeling amongst voters that fraud is an acceptable practice within the party.[53][54][55]

Former DPP president of Taiwan Chen Shui-bian has also been involved in a raft of corruption scandals that continue to affect the party's reputation. Chen was sentenced to life imprisonment on corruption charges in 2009 that his supporters said were politically motivated. Chen was acquitted of embezzling millions of New Taiwan Dollars from a special presidential fund while he was in power, but was found guilty of money laundering and forging documents, and was given an additional two-year sentence.[56] As Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen prepared to leave office in 2024, she declined to comment on whether or not she would pardon Chen of his corruption convictions.[57]

In 2024, the former DPP Premier of the Republic of China Cheng Wen-tsan was detained on corruption charges relating to his time as Taoyuan mayor,[58] former DPP Tainan Council speaker Lai Mei-hui received a 2-year suspended sentence for corruption,[59] and prosecutors began an investigation into DPP Legislator Lin I-chin for allegedly fraudulently claiming public funds.[60]

## Structure

[edit]

DPP headquarters at Huashan Business Building Level 10 in Taipei.[61]

The DPP National Party Congress selects, for two-year terms, the 30 members of the Central Executive Committee and the 11 members of the Central Review Committee. The Central Executive Committee, in turn, chooses the 10 members of the Central Standing Committee. Since 2012, the DPP has had a "China Affairs Committee" to deal with Cross-Strait relations; the name caused some controversy within the party and in the Taiwan media, with critics suggesting that "Mainland Affairs Committee" or "Cross-Strait Affairs Committee" would show less of a hostile "One Country on Each Side" attitude.[62]

### Factions

[edit]

For many years the DPP officially recognized several factions within its membership, such as the New Tide faction (新潮流系), the Formosa faction (美麗島系), the Justice Alliance faction (正義連線系) and Welfare State Alliance faction (福利國系). Different factions endorse slightly different policies and are often generationally identifiable, representing individuals who had entered the party at different times. In 2006, the party ended recognition of factions.[63] The factions have since stated that they will comply with the resolution. However, the factions are still referred to by name in national media.[64][65]

As of 2022, Taiwan News identified at least 7 factions within the party:[66]

* New Tide faction (新潮流系) - William Lai, Chen Chu, Tsai Chi-chang, Chiu Tai-san, Pan Men-an, Lai Pin-yu
* TNCPA (正國會) - Lin Chia-lung, Fifi Chen Ting-fei, Lin You-chang
* Green Fellowship Association (綠色友誼系統) - Ho Chih-wei
* Taiwan Forward(湧言會) - Lin Kun-hai, Hsu Kuo-yung
* Su Faction(蘇系) - Su Tseng-chang
* Ing Faction (英系)- Tsai Ing-wen, Chen Ming-wen, Kuan Bi-ling
* Democracy Living Water Connection(民主活水連線) - Cho Jung-tai, Luo Wen-jia, Lin Fei-fan

### Chair

[edit]

Main article: Chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party

* Current Chair: Lai Ching-te

### Secretary-General

[edit]

Main article: List of Secretaries-General of the Democratic Progressive Party

* Current Secretary-General: Lin Hsi-yao (since May 2020)

### Legislative Yuan leader (caucus leader)

[edit]

* Shih Ming-teh (1 February 1993 – 1 February 2002)
* Ker Chien-ming (since 1 February 2002)

## Election results

[edit]

### Presidential elections

[edit]

Election  | Candidate  | Running mate  | Total votes  | Share of votes  | Outcome

|
|
|
|
|

1996 | Peng Ming-min | Frank Hsieh Chang-ting | 2,274,586  | 21.13%  | Defeated
2000 | Chen Shui-bian | Annette Lu Hsiu-lien | 4,977,737  | 39.30%  | Elected
2004 | 6,446,900  | 50.11%  | Elected
2008 | Frank Hsieh Chang-ting  | Su Tseng-chang | 5,445,239  | 41.55%  | Defeated
2012 | Tsai Ing-wen | Su Jia-chyuan | 6,093,578  | 45.63%  | Defeated
2016 | Chen Chien-jen ( Ind.)  | 6,894,744  | 56.12%  | Elected
2020 | Lai Ching‑te | 8,170,231  | 57.13%  | Elected
2024 | Lai Ching-te  | Hsiao Bi-khim | 5,586,019  | 40.05%  | Elected

### Legislative elections

[edit]

Election  | Total seats won  | Total votes  | Share of votes  | Changes  | Party leader  | Status  | President

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1989 |

21 / 130

|  |  |  | Huang Hsin-chieh | Minority  | Lee Teng-hui
1992 |

51 / 161

| 2,944,195  | 31.0%  |  30 seats  | Hsu Hsin-liang | Minority
1995 |

54 / 164

| 3,132,156  | 33.2%  |  3 seats  | Shih Ming-teh | Minority
1998 |

70 / 225

| 2,966,834  | 29.6%  |  16 seats  | Lin Yi-hsiung | Minority
2001 |

87 / 225

| 3,447,740  | 36.6%  |  21 seats  | Chen Shui-bian | Minority  | Chen Shui-bian
2004 |

89 / 225

| 3,471,429  | 37.9%  |  2 seats  | Minority
2008 |

27 / 113

| 3,775,352  | 38.2%  |  62 seats  | Minority  | Ma Ying-jeou
2012 |

40 / 113

| 4,556,526  | 34.6%  |  13 seats  | Tsai Ing-wen | Minority
2016 |

68 / 113

| 5,370,953  | 44.1%  |  28 seats  | Majority  | Tsai Ing-wen
2020 |

61 / 113

| 4,811,241  | 33.98%  |  7 seats  | Cho Jung-tai | Majority
2024 |

51 / 113

| 4,981,060  | 36.16%  |  10 seats  | Lai Ching-te | Minority  | Lai Ching-te

### Local elections

[edit]

Election  | Magistrates and mayors  | Councilors  | Township/city mayors  | Township/city council representatives  | Village chiefs  | Party leader

|
|
|
|
|
|

1994
provincial  |

1 / 3

52 / 175

| —  | —  | —  | Shih Ming-teh
1997–1998 |

12 / 23

114 / 886

28 / 319

| —  | —  | Hsu Hsin-liang
1998
municipal  |

1 / 2

28 / 96

| —  | —  | —  | Lin Yi-hsiung
2001–2002 |

9 / 23

147 / 897

28 / 319

| —  | —  | Chen Shui-bian
2002
municipal  |

1 / 2

31 / 96

| —  | —  | —
2005 |

6 / 23

192 / 901

35 / 319

| —  | —
2006
municipal  |

1 / 2

33 / 96

| —  | —  | —
2009 |

4 / 17

128 / 587

34 / 211

| —  | —  | Tsai Ing-wen
2010
municipal  |

2 / 5

130 / 314

| —  | —  |

220 / 3,757

2014
unified  |

13 / 22

291 / 906

54 / 204

194 / 2,137

390 / 7,836

2018
unified  |

6 / 22

238 / 912

40 / 204

151 / 2,148

285 / 7,744

2022
unified  |

5 / 22

277 / 910

35 / 204

123 / 2,139

226 / 7,748

### National Assembly elections

[edit]

Election  | Total seats won  | Total votes  | Share of votes  | Changes  | Party leader  | Status  | President

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1991 |

66 / 325

| 2,036,271  | 23.3%  | 66 seats  | Huang Shin-chieh | Minority  | Lee Teng-hui
1996 |

99 / 334

| 3,121,423  | 29.9%  | 33 seats  | Shih Ming-teh | Minority
2005 |

127 / 300

| 1,647,791  | 42.52%  | 28 seats  | Annette Lu Hsiu-lien | Plurality  | Chen Shui-bian

## See also

[edit]

* Taiwan portal

* Progressivism in Taiwan
* Human rights in Taiwan
* Taiwan Value
* Culture of Taiwan
* Taiwan independence movement
* Taiwan the Formosa
* Taiwan consensus
* Taiwanese people
* Resolution on Taiwan's Future
* Referendums in Taiwan
* Foreign relations of Taiwan
* February 28 Incident
* Formosa Incident
* Sunflower Student Movement
* List of major liberal parties considered centre-left

## Notes

[edit]

### Words in native languages

[edit]

1. ^

* Traditional Chinese script: 民主進步黨
* Mandarin Pinyin: Mínzhǔ Jìnbù Dǎng
* Hokkien: Bîn-tsú Tsìn-pōo Tóng
* Sixian Hakka: Mìn-chú Chin-phu Tóng

2. ^

* Traditional Chinese script: 民進黨
* Mandarin Pinyin: Mínjìndǎng
* Hokkien: Bîn-chìn Tóng
* Sixian Hakka: Mìn-chin Tóng

## References

[edit]

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3. ^ cald.org/member-parties/democratic-progressive-party-of-taiwan/
4. ^

* Derbyshire, J. Denis; Derbyshire, Ian (15 April 2016). Encyclopedia of World Political Systems. Vol. 1\. Routledge. p. 108\. ISBN 978-1-3174-7156-1. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
* The Economist. Economist Newspaper Limited. 2011. p. 58\. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
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5. ^

* "台灣選舉只有右派價值的藍綠輪替，而主要的第三勢力都不算是左翼政黨". The News Lens (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2 December 2018. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
* "民進黨早就沒有台獨信仰了──從議員對高雄果菜市場拆遷案的評論中，看見民進黨真面目". 公民報橘 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 10 September 2016. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023. "清楚傳遞了民進黨就是一個右派政黨，更是一個沒有台獨信仰的政黨。"
* "臺灣的偏左意識在哪裡？". 獨立評論 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 3 December 2014. "中華民國共和憲政一百多年，也由兩個右派政黨執政了一百多年。台灣民進黨右[...]"
* "邱師儀》民進黨其實是極右政黨". China Times (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 28 November 2017.
* "日本記者本田善彥：民進黨種族主義表露無遺". China Times (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 28 December 2018. "民進黨一旦執政，吸引文青的美好願景就變成噁心的偽善把戲與類法西斯的極右作風。"
* "柯文哲的下一步". China Times (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2 December 2022. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023. "台灣兩大政黨其實都比較偏向傳統右派政黨，偏重維護資本家利益重視經濟發展[...]"

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34. ^

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## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Democratic Progressive Party.

* DPP Official website
* Academic thesis on the factions within DPP Archived 25 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine

* v
* t
* e

Democratic Progressive Party

Chairpersons|

* Chiang Peng-chien
* Yao Chia-wen
* Huang Hsin-chieh
* Hsu Hsin-liang
* Shih Ming-teh
* Hsu Hsin-liang (second term)
* Lin Yi-hsiung
* Frank Hsieh
* Chen Shui-bian
* Ker Chien-ming
* Su Tseng-chang
* Annette Lu
* Yu Shyi-kun
* Chai Trong-rong
* Chen Shui-bian (second term)
* Frank Hsieh
* Tsai Ing-wen
* Chen Chu
* Su Tseng-chang
* Tsai Ing-wen (second term)
* Lin Yu-chang
* Cho Jung-tai
* Tsai Ing-wen (third term)
* Chen Chi-mai
* Lai Ching-te

Factions|

* Formosa
* New Tide
* Welfare State Alliance
* Justice Alliance
* Taiwan Independence
* Main Stream
* Alliance for One Country on Each Side

See also|

* Pan-Green Coalition

Italic text denotes acting chairpersons

* v
* t
* e

Political parties of Taiwan

Nationally represented
(Legislative Yuan seats)|

* Kuomintang (52)
* Democratic Progressive Party (51)
* Taiwan People's Party (8)

Locally represented|

* Non-Partisan Solidarity Union
* New Power Party
* Taiwan Solidarity Union
* Taiwan Statebuilding Party
* People First Party
* Green Party Taiwan
* Labor Party
* New Party
* Social Democratic Party
* Zheng Shen Min Party

Other parties|

List of political parties in Taiwan

* Politics of the Republic of China
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Member parties of international liberal organisations

Liberal International

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* Bosnia and Herzegovina: LDS*
* Botswana: BMD*
* Bulgaria: DPS, NDSV
* Burkina Faso: ADF-RDA*
* Burma: NLD-LA*
* Burundi: ADR
* Cambodia: PSR
* Canada: Liberal Party
* Colombia: U*
* DR Congo: ANADER, ARC*, URC*
* Costa Rica: PML
* Côte d'Ivoire: RDR
* Croatia: HSLS
* Cuba: PLC, PSD, ULC
* Denmark: RV, Venstre
* Egypt: FEP, Ghad*
* Equatorial Guinea: UDENA
* Estonia: RE
* Ethiopia: EDP*
* Finland: Keskusta, SFP
* Georgia: RPG*
* Germany: FDP
* Gibraltar: Liberal Party
* Guatemala: MR*, PP
* Guinea: UFDG*, UFR*
* Honduras: PLH
* Hungary: MLP
* Iceland: FSF
* Indonesia: PD*
* Ireland: FF*
* Israel: Yesh Atid
* Italy: Rad, FdL*
* Kenya: LDP*
* Kosovo: PLK*
* Latvia: LPP/LC
* Lebanon: Future Movement*
* Lithuania: LCU
* Luxembourg: DP
* Madagascar: MFM*
* Malawi: UDF
* Malaysia: Gerakan*
* Mali: PCR*
* Mexico: NA*
* Moldova: PRL*
* Mongolia: IZN
* Montenegro: LSCG
* Morocco: AdL*, UC, MP
* Mozambique: PPDD*
* Netherlands: D66 , VVD
* Nicaragua: PLI*
* North Macedonia: LDP
* Norway: Venstre
* Paraguay: PLRA
* Philippines: LP
* Romania: PNL
* Russia: Yabloko
* Senegal: PDS
* Serbia: LDP
* Seychelles: SNP*
* Slovakia: ANO
* Slovenia: LDS
* South Africa: DA
* Spain: CDC
* Sri Lanka: LP
* Sweden: C, L
* Switzerland: FDP.The Liberals
* Taiwan: DPP
* Tanzania: CCW/CUF
* Thailand: DP
* Ukraine: UM*
* United Kingdom: APNI, Lib Dems
* Zambia: UNDP*

National groups:

* Brazilian Group*
* German Group
* Israeli Group
* Netherlands Group
* Catalan Group
* British Group

* observer

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

* v
* t
* e

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

European Parliament group: Renew Europe

Parties|

| Member parties (EU)|

* NEOS
* Open Vld
* MR
* HNS
* HSLS
* IDS/DDI
* Glas
* Centar
* Fokus
* EDI/Ε.ΔΗ.
* DiPa/ΔηΠα
* B
* V
* RE
* Kesk./C
* RKP/SFP
* PR
* UDI
* FDP
* Liberálisok
* Momentum
* FF
* A
* +E
* RI
* LDE
* TK
* LA
* Par!
* LP
* LS
* DP
* D66
* VVD
* Nowoczesna
* IL
* USR
* PS
* C's
* C
* L

|

Member parties (non-EU)|

* ACC!Ó
* PLA
* ANC/ՀԱԿ
* BA/ԼՀ
* Müsavat
* PFP/ПСП
* NS
* RP/რპ
* FD/თდ
* SA/სა
* Lelo/ლელო
* Girchi-MF/გირჩი-მთ
* Droa/დროა
* Viðreisn
* AKR
* PDK
* PL
* CUB
* LPCG
* LDP/ЛДП
* V
* RPR-PARNAS/РПР-ПАРНАС
* Yabloko/Я́блоко
* PSG
* FDP/PLR
* glp/pvl
* EPU/ЄПУ
* CP/ГП
* SL/СЛ
* SN/СН
* Holos/Голос
* Alliance
* Lib Dems
* Libs

Party Presidents|

* Gaston Thorn
* Willy De Clercq
* Colette Flesch
* Willy De Clercq
* Uffe Ellemann-Jensen
* Werner Hoyer
* Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck
* Graham Watson
* Hans van Baalen

European Parliament
Group Presidents|

* Yvon Delbos
* René Pleven
* Cornelis Berkhouwer
* Jean Durieux [fr]
* Jean-François Pintat
* Martin Bangemann
* Simone Veil
* Valery Giscard d'Estaing
* Yves Galland
* Gijs de Vries
* Pat Cox
* Graham Watson
* Guy Verhofstadt
* Dacian Cioloș
* Stéphane Séjourné
* Valérie Hayer
* see European Parliament

* * *

European Commissioners
(2024–2029)|

* Kaja Kallas (Vice-President and High Representative)
* Michael McGrath (Democracy, Justice, and the Rule of Law)
* Hadja Lahbib (Preparedness, Crisis Management, and Equality)
* see Von der Leyen Commission II

Heads of government
at the European Council|

* Alexander De Croo (Belgium)
* Kristen Michal (Estonia)
* see European Council

Affiliated organisations|

* European Liberal Youth (LYMEC)
* European Liberal Forum

* Category

Liberal South East European Network

* Bosnia and Herzegovina: LDS
* Bulgaria: DPS, NSDV
* Croatia: HNS-LD, HSLS, IDS
* Hungary: SzDSz
* Kosovo: PLK
* North Macedonia: LPM, LDP
* Romania: PNL
* Serbia: LS
* Slovenia: LDS

Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats

* Cambodia: PSR
* Hong Kong: DP (represented through two individual members)
* Indonesia: PDI-P, PKB**
* Japan: DPJ**
* Malaysia: PGRM
* Mongolia: IZN
* Myanmar: NCUB
* Pakistan: LFP*
* Philippines: LP
* Singapore: SDP
* Sri Lanka: LP
* ROC Taiwan: DPP
* Thailand: DP

*associate member **observer

Africa Liberal Network

* Angola: PLD
* Burkina Faso: ADF-RDA
* DR Congo: ANADER
* Côte d'Ivoire: RDR
* Equatorial Guinea: UDENA
* Madagascar: MFM
* Malawi: UDF
* Morocco: MP, UC
* Mozambique: PDD
* Senegal: PDS
* Seychelles: SNP
* South Africa: DA
* Tanzania: CUF, UDP
* Tunisia: PSL
* Zambia: UNDP

Liberal Network for Latin America

* Argentina: Recrear, PPG
* Costa Rica: PML
* Guatemala: MR
* Mexico: NA
* Peru: JN

Arab Liberal Federation

* Comoros: NAC
* Egypt: DFP, FEP, GTP
* Lebanon: NLP, FM
* Morocco: MP, UC
* Sudan: LDP
* Tunisia: PR

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Australia
* Norway
* Israel

People|

* Trove

Other|

* IdRef

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