Democratic Unionist Party

Political party in Northern Ireland

This article is about the political party in Northern Ireland. For other uses, see Democratic Unionist Party (disambiguation).

Democratic Unionist Party

Abbreviation| DUP
Leader| Gavin Robinson
Chairman| The Lord Morrow
Lords Leader| The Lord Dodds of Duncairn
Chief Executive| Timothy Johnston
Chief Whips|

* Sammy Wilson (Commons)[1]
* Keith Buchanan (Assembly)[2]

General Secretary| Michelle McIlveen
Founder| Ian Paisley
Founded| 30 September 1971;
53 years ago (1971-09-30)
Preceded by| Protestant Unionist Party
Headquarters| 91 Dundela Avenue
Belfast
BT4 3BU[3]
Ideology|

* British unionism[4]
* British nationalism[5]
* Ulster loyalism[6]
* National conservatism[4]
* Social conservatism[4]
* Right-wing populism[7]

Political position| Right-wing
Colours|  Red
White
Navy blue
Copper (customary)
House of Commons
(NI seats)|

5 / 18

House of Lords|

6 / 836

NI Assembly|

26 / 90

Councillors in Northern Ireland[8]|

122 / 462

Councils led in Northern Ireland|

2 / 11

Website
mydup.com

* Politics of Northern Ireland
* Political parties
* Elections

The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is a unionist, loyalist, British nationalist[6][9] and national conservative political party in Northern Ireland. It was founded in 1971 during the Troubles by Ian Paisley, who led the party for the next 37 years. It is currently led by Gavin Robinson, who initially stepped in as an interim after the resignation of Jeffrey Donaldson. It is the second-largest party in the Northern Ireland Assembly, and won five seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom at the 2024 election. The party has been mostly described as right-wing[10][11][12][7] and socially conservative,[13][14] being anti-abortion and opposing same-sex marriage. The DUP sees itself as defending Britishness and Ulster Protestant culture against Irish nationalism and republicanism. It is also Eurosceptic and supported Brexit.[15][16]

The DUP evolved from the Protestant Unionist Party and has historically strong links to the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, the church Paisley founded. During the Troubles, the DUP opposed sharing power with Irish nationalists or republicans as a means of resolving the conflict, and likewise rejected attempts to involve the Republic of Ireland in Northern Irish affairs. It campaigned against the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973, the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985, and the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. In the 1980s, the DUP was involved in setting up the loyalist paramilitary movements Third Force[17][18][19] and Ulster Resistance,[20] the latter of which helped smuggle a large shipment of weapons into Northern Ireland.[21]

For the first three decades of the DUP's history, the Ulster Unionist Party was the largest unionist party in Northern Ireland; however, by 2004, the DUP had overtaken the UUP in terms of seats in both the Northern Ireland Assembly and the UK House of Commons. In 2006, the DUP co-signed the St Andrews Agreement and the following year agreed to enter into power-sharing devolved government with Sinn Féin,[22] who agreed to support the Police Service, courts, and rule of law. Paisley became joint First Minister of Northern Ireland. However, the DUP's only Member of the European Parliament (MEP), Jim Allister,[23] and seven DUP councillors[24] left the party in protest, founding the Traditional Unionist Voice.[25]

Ian Paisley was succeeded as DUP leader and First Minister by Peter Robinson (2008–2015), then by Arlene Foster (2015–2021). After Foster was ousted, Edwin Poots briefly became leader and nominated Paul Givan as First Minister, but was himself forced to step down after three weeks. In June 2021, he was succeeded by Jeffrey Donaldson. In protest against the Northern Ireland Protocol, Givan resigned as First Minister in February 2022,[26] collapsing the Northern Ireland Executive. On 30 January 2024, Donaldson announced that the DUP had agreed a deal with the UK government that resulted in power-sharing being restored.[27] Donaldson resigned as leader on 29 March 2024 after being charged with historical sex offences, with the party's deputy leader, Gavin Robinson, being appointed as interim leader and later confirmed as party leader in May 2024.[28][29][30][31]

## History

[edit]

### 1970s

[edit]

Ian Paisley, who founded the party and led it for 37 years

The Democratic Unionist Party evolved from the Protestant Unionist Party, which itself grew out of the Ulster Protestant Action movement. The DUP was founded on 30 September 1971 by Ian Paisley, leader of the Protestant Unionist Party, and Desmond Boal, formerly of the Ulster Unionist Party. Paisley, a well-known Protestant fundamentalist minister, was the founder and leader of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster. He would lead both the DUP and the Free Presbyterian Church for the next 37 years, and his party and church would be closely linked. When the DUP formed, Northern Ireland was in the midst of an ethnic-nationalist conflict known as the Troubles, which began in 1969 and would last for the next thirty years. The conflict began amid a campaign to end discrimination against the Catholic/Irish nationalist minority by the Protestant/unionist government and police force.[32][33] This protest campaign was opposed, often violently, by unionists who viewed it as an Irish republican front. Paisley had led the unionist opposition to the civil rights movement. The DUP were more hardline or loyalist than the UUP and its founding arguably stemmed from worries of the Ulster Protestant working class that the UUP was not paying them enough heed.[34]

The DUP opposed the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973. The Agreement was an attempt to resolve the conflict by setting up a new assembly and government for Northern Ireland in which unionists and Irish nationalists would share power. The Agreement also proposed the creation of a Council of Ireland, which would facilitate co-operation between the governments of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The DUP won eight seats in the 1973 election to the Assembly. Along with other anti-Agreement unionists, the DUP formed the United Ulster Unionist Council (UUUC) to oppose the Agreement. In the February 1974 UK election, the UUUC won 11 out of 12 Northern Ireland seats, while the pro-Agreement unionists failed to win any. On 15 May 1974, anti-Agreement unionists called a general strike aimed at bringing down the Agreement. The strike coordinating committee included DUP leader Paisley, the other UUUC leaders, and the leaders of the loyalist paramilitary groups. The strike lasted fourteen days and brought Northern Ireland to a standstill. Loyalist paramilitaries helped enforce the strike by blocking roads and intimidating workers.[35][36][37] On the third day of the strike, loyalists detonated four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan, killing 33 civilians.[38] The strike led to the downfall of the Agreement on 28 May.

Following the downfall of the Agreement, in 1975 the British government set up a Constitutional Convention, an elected body of unionists and nationalists which would seek agreement on a political settlement for Northern Ireland. In the election to the convention, the UUUC (which included the DUP) won 53% of the vote. The UUUC opposed a power-sharing government and recommended only a return to majority rule (i.e. unionist rule). As this was unacceptable to nationalists, the convention was dissolved.[39]

The DUP opposed UK membership of the European Economic Community (EEC). In June 1979, in the first election to the European Parliament, Paisley won one of the three Northern Ireland seats. He topped the poll, with 29.8% of the first preference votes.[40] He retained that seat in every European election until 2004, when he was replaced by Jim Allister, who resigned from the DUP in 2007 while retaining his seat.[23]

### 1980s and 1990s

[edit]

During 1981, the DUP opposed the then-ongoing talks between British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Taoiseach Charles Haughey. That year, Paisley and other DUP members attempted to create a Protestant loyalist volunteer militia—called the (Ulster) Third Force—which would work alongside the police and army to fight the Irish Republican Army (IRA). They organized large rallies where men were photographed in military formation waving firearms certificates. Paisley declared: "This is a small token of the men who are placed to devastate any attempt by Margaret Thatcher and Charles Haughey to destroy the Union".[41] The DUP helped organize a loyalist 'Day of Action' on 23 November 1981, to pressure the British government to take a harder line against the IRA.[42] Paisley addressed a Third Force rally in Newtownards, where thousands of masked and uniformed men marched before him. He declared: "My men are ready to be recruited under the crown to destroy the vermin of the IRA. But if they refuse to recruit them, then we will have no other decision to make but to destroy the IRA ourselves!"[43] In December, Paisley claimed that the Third Force had 15,000–20,000 members. James Prior, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, replied that private armies would not be tolerated.[42]

The Anglo-Irish Agreement was signed by the British and Irish governments in November 1985, following months of talks between the two. The Agreement confirmed there would be no change in the status of Northern Ireland without the consent of a majority of its citizens, and proposed the creation of a new power-sharing government. It also gave the Irish government an advisory role on some matters in Northern Ireland. Both the DUP and UUP mounted a major protest campaign against the Agreement, dubbed "Ulster Says No". Both unionist parties resigned their seats in the British House of Commons, suspended district council meetings, and led a campaign of mass civil disobedience. There were strikes and mass protest rallies.[44]

On 23 June 1986, DUP politicians occupied the Stormont Parliament Building in protest at the Agreement, while 200 supporters protested outside and clashed with police.[44] The DUP politicians were forcibly removed by police the next day.[44] On 10 July, Paisley and deputy DUP leader Peter Robinson led 4,000 loyalist supporters in a protest in which they 'occupied' the town of Hillsborough. Hillsborough Castle is where the Agreement had been signed.[44] On 7 August, Robinson led hundreds of loyalist supporters in an invasion of the village of Clontibret, in the Republic of Ireland. The loyalists marched up and down the main street, vandalised property, and attacked two Irish police officers (Gardaí) before fleeing back over the border. Robinson was arrested and convicted for unlawful assembly.[45]

On 10 November 1986, a rally was held in which DUP politicians Paisley, Robinson and Ivan Foster announced the formation of the Ulster Resistance Movement (URM). This was a loyalist paramilitary group whose purpose was to "take direct action as and when required" to bring down the Agreement and defeat republicanism.[20] Recruitment rallies were held in towns across Northern Ireland and thousands were said to have joined.[20] The following year, the URM helped smuggle a large shipment of weapons into Northern Ireland, which were shared out between the URM, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and the Ulster Defence Association (UDA). Most, but not all, of the weaponry was seized by police in 1988. In 1989, URM members attempted to trade Shorts' missile blueprints for weapons from the apartheid South African regime. Following these revelations, the DUP said that it had cut its links with the URM in 1987.[21]

In the mid-1980s, the Irish republican party Sinn Féin began to contest and win seats in local council elections. In response, the DUP fought elections under the slogan "Smash Sinn Féin" and vowed to exclude Sinn Féin councillors from all council business. Their 1985 manifesto said "The Sinn Féiners must be ostracised and isolated" at all local government bodies. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, DUP councillors attempted to exclude Sinn Féin councillors by ignoring them, boycotting their speeches, or drowning them out by making as much noise as possible – such as by heckling and banging tables.[46]

In early January 1994, the UDA released a document calling for the repartition of Ireland with the goal of making Northern Ireland wholly Protestant.[47] The plan was to be implemented should the British Army withdraw from Northern Ireland. The Irish Catholic/nationalist-majority areas would be handed over to the Republic, and those left in the rump state would be "expelled, nullified, or interned".[47] DUP press officer Sammy Wilson spoke positively of the document, calling it a "valuable return to reality" and lauded the UDA for "contemplating what needs to be done to maintain our separate Ulster identity".[47]

### 1998–2004

[edit]

During the Northern Ireland peace process of the 1990s, the DUP was initially involved in the negotiations under former United States Senator George J. Mitchell that led to the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, but withdrew in protest when Sinn Féin, an Irish republican party with links to the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), was allowed to participate while the IRA kept its weapons. The DUP opposed the Agreement in the Good Friday Agreement referendum, in which the Agreement was approved with 71.1% of the electorate in favour.

The DUP's opposition was based on a number of reasons, including:

* The early release of paramilitary prisoners
* The mechanism to allow Sinn Féin to hold government office despite ongoing IRA activity
* The lack of accountability of ministers in the Northern Ireland Executive
* The lack of accountability of the North/South Ministerial Council and North/South Implementation Bodies

The DUP contested the 1998 Northern Ireland Assembly election that resulted from the Good Friday Agreement, winning 20 seats, the third-highest of any party. It then took up two of the ten seats in the multi-party power-sharing Executive. While serving as ministers, they refused to sit at meetings of the executive committee in protest at Sinn Féin's participation.[citation needed] The Executive ultimately collapsed over an alleged IRA espionage ring at Stormont (see Stormontgate).

The Good Friday Agreement relied on the support of a majority of unionists and a majority of nationalists in order for it to operate.[citation needed] During the 2003 Northern Ireland Assembly election, the DUP argued for a "fair deal" that could command the support of both unionists and nationalists. After the results of this election the DUP argued that support was no longer present within unionism for the Good Friday Agreement. They went on to publish their proposals for devolution in Ireland entitled Devolution Now.[48] These proposals have been refined and re-stated in further policy documents including Moving on[49] and Facing Reality.[50]

In the 2003 Northern Ireland Assembly election, the DUP won 30 seats, the most of any party. In January 2004, it became the largest Northern Ireland party at Westminster, when MP Jeffrey Donaldson joined after defecting from the UUP. In December 2004, English MP Andrew Hunter took the DUP whip after earlier withdrawing from the Conservative Party, giving the party seven seats, in comparison to the UUP's five, Sinn Féin's four, and the Social Democratic and Labour Party's (SDLP) three.

### 2005–2007

[edit]

In the 2005 UK general election, the party reinforced its position as the largest unionist party, winning nine seats, making it the fourth largest party in terms of seats in the British House of Commons behind Labour, the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. In terms of votes, the DUP was the fourth largest party on the island of Ireland.

At the local government election of 2005, the DUP emerged as the largest party at local government level with 182 councillors across Northern Ireland's 26 district councils.[51] The DUP had a majority of the members on Castlereagh Borough Council, which had long been a DUP stronghold and was home to party leader Peter Robinson, also in Ballymena Borough Council, home to the party's founder Ian Paisley, and finally Ards Borough Council. As well as outright control on these councils, the DUP was also the largest party in eight other councils – Antrim Borough Council, Ballymoney Borough Council, Banbridge District Council, Belfast City Council, Carrickfergus Borough Council, Coleraine Borough Council, Craigavon Borough Council and Newtownabbey Borough Council.

On 11 April 2006, it was announced that three DUP members were to be elevated to the House of Lords: Maurice Morrow, Wallace Browne, the former Lord Mayor of Belfast, and Eileen Paisley, a vice-president of the DUP and wife of DUP Leader Ian Paisley. None, however, sit as DUP peers.

On 27 October 2006, the DUP issued a four-page letter in the Belfast Telegraph newspaper asking "Are the terms of Saint Andrew's a basis of moving forward to devolution?", with responses to be received to its party headquarters by 8 November. It was part of the party's policy of consultation with its electorate before entering a power-sharing government.[citation needed]

On 24 November 2006, Ian Paisley refused to nominate himself as First Minister of Northern Ireland designate. There was confusion between all parties whether he actually said that if Sinn Féin supported policing and the rule of law that he would nominate himself on 28 March 2007 after the Assembly elections on 7 March 2007. The Assembly meeting was brought to an abrupt end when the building had to be evacuated because of a security breach. Paisley later released a statement through the press office stating that he did in fact imply that if Sinn Féin supported policing and the rule of law, he would go into a power-sharing government with them. This was following a statement issued by 12 DUP MLAs stating that what Ian Paisley had said in the chamber could not be interpreted as a nomination.[52]

In February 2007, the DUP suggested that it would begin to impose fines up to £20,000 on members disobeying the party whip on crucial votes.[53] On 24 March 2007 the DUP party executive overwhelmingly endorsed a resolution put to them by the party officers that did not agree to an establishment of devolution and an executive in Northern Ireland by the Government's deadline of 26 March, but did agree to setting up an executive on 8 May 2007.[22]

On 27 March 2007, the party's sole Member of the European Parliament (MEP), Jim Allister, resigned from the party, in opposition to the decision to enter a power-sharing government with Sinn Féin. He retained his seat as an independent MEP as leader of his new hard-line anti-St Andrews Agreement splinter group that he formed with other disaffected members who had left the DUP over the issue, Traditional Unionist Voice, a seat which he retained until Diane Dodds won the seat back for the DUP in 2009. MP Gregory Campbell warned on 6 April 2007 that his party would be watching to see if benefits flow from its agreement to share power with Sinn Féin.[54]

### Robinson leadership (2008–2015)

[edit]

On 31 May 2008, the party's central Executive Committee met at the offices of Castlereagh Borough Council where Ian Paisley formally stepped down as party leader and Peter Robinson was ratified as the new leader, with Nigel Dodds as his deputy.

On 11 June 2008, the party supported the government's proposal to detain terrorist suspects for up to 42 days as part of the Counter-Terrorism Bill, leading The Independent newspaper to dub all of the party's nine MPs as part of "Brown's dirty dozen".[55] The Times reported that the party had been given "sweeteners for Northern Ireland" and "a peerage for the Rev Ian Paisley", amongst other offers, to secure the bill.[56]

Members of the DUP were lambasted by the press and voters, after MPs' expenses reports were leaked to the media. Several newspapers[who?] referred to the "Swish Family Robinson" after Peter Robinson, and his wife Iris, claimed £571,939.41 in expenses with a further £150,000 being paid to family members.[citation needed] Further embarrassment was caused to the party when its deputy leader, Nigel Dodds, had the highest expenses claims of any Northern Ireland MP, ranking 13th highest out of all UK MPs.[57] Details of all MPs' expenses claims since 2004 were published in July 2009 under the Freedom of Information Act 2000.

In January 2010, Peter Robinson was at the centre of a high-profile scandal relating to his 60-year-old MP/MLA wife Iris Robinson's infidelity with a 19-year-old man, and alleged serious financial irregularities associated with the scandal.[58]

In the 2010 general election, the party suffered a major upset when its leader, Peter Robinson, lost his Belfast East seat to Naomi Long of the APNI on a swing of 22.9%. However, the party maintained its position elsewhere, fighting off a challenge from the Ulster Conservatives and Unionists – New Force in Antrim South and Strangford and from Jim Allister's Traditional Unionist Voice in Antrim North.

The DUP were strongly criticised after the Red Sky scandal in which DUP ministers attempted to influence a decision at a meeting of the Northern Ireland Housing Executive. The decision related to an £8 million contract of east Belfast firm Red Sky. The Housing Executive cancelled Red Sky's contract after a BBC Spotlight investigation into the company, which was shown to be overcharging taxpayers. The DUP cited "sectarian bias" in relation to the decision.[59] The party suspended DUP councillor Jenny Palmer, who sat on the executive board, after she confessed that DUP special adviser Stephen Brimstone pressured her into changing her vote at the meeting.

In the 2015 general election, when the result was expected to be a hung parliament, the issue of DUP and the UK Independence Party forming a coalition government with the UK Conservative Party was considered by Nigel Farage (leader of UKIP).[60][61] The then Deputy Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal Democrats, Nick Clegg, warned against this "Blukip" coalition, with a spoof website highlighting imagined policies from this coalition – such as reinstating the death penalty, scrapping all benefits for under 25s and charging for hospital visits.[62] Additionally, issues were raised about the continued existence of the BBC (as the DUP, UKIP and Conservatives had made a number of statements criticising the institution)[63] and support for same-sex marriage.[64][65] However, in an interview with BBC Radio 5 Live deputy leader of the DUP Nigel Dodds told BBC Newsline that the DUP was "against discrimination based on religion ... or sexual orientation".[65]

On 10 September 2015, Peter Robinson stepped aside as First Minister and other DUP ministers, with the exception of Arlene Foster, resigned their portfolios.[66]

### Foster leadership (2015–2021)

[edit]

Arlene Foster became leader of the DUP on 17 December 2015, and served as First Minister of Northern Ireland from January 2016 to January 2017.

Two days before the UK Brexit referendum, held on 23 June 2016, the DUP paid £282,000 for a four-page glossy wrap-around to the free newspaper Metro, which is distributed in major towns and cities in the British mainland, but not Northern Ireland, advocating a 'Leave' vote.[67]

On 4 October 2016, First Minister Arlene Foster and DUP MPs held a champagne reception at the Conservative Party conference, marking what some have described as an "informal coalition" or an "understanding" between the two parties to account for the Conservatives' narrow majority in the House of Commons.[68][69] The relationship between the parties was formalised after the 2017 United Kingdom general election with the signing of the Conservative–DUP agreement.[70] In October 2017, the DUP held a similar reception at the Conservative Party conference, which was attended by leading Conservative figures including First Secretary of State Damian Green, Brexit Secretary David Davis, then-Chief Whip Gavin Williamson, and party chairman Patrick McLoughlin.[71] This was reciprocated in November, when Damian Green and Conservative Chief Whip Julian Smith attended the DUP's conference, with Smith giving a keynote address.[72] The third such annual DUP reception at the Conservative conference took place in October 2018,[73] with Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Hammond and former Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson addressing the DUP conference a month later.[74] Prominent Conservative MPs such as Environment Secretary Michael Gove, Leader of the House of Commons Andrea Leadsom, Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson, former International Development Secretary Priti Patel, Sports Minister Tracey Crouch, Defence Select Committee chair Julian Lewis, and European Research Group chair Jacob Rees-Mogg headlined various fundraising events for the DUP from 2017 onwards.[75][76]

Former UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage also spoke at a DUP fundraiser in May 2018, with his main financial backer, Arron Banks, stating that he would support a bid by Farage to seek office as a DUP candidate after the end of his tenure as Member of the European Parliament in 2019.[77]

In her capacity as Minister of Enterprise, Trade and Investment in 2012, Foster oversaw the establishment of a green energy scheme, which led to the Renewable Heat Incentive scandal (RHI scandal). The scheme gave a perverse incentive to use more energy and increase their carbon footprint to those who signed up to it since they could claim £1.60 for every £1 spent on heating with, for example, wood pellets.[78] With no cost controls, it could cost the public purse up to £490 million.

Foster refused calls to step down as First Minister over her alleged role in the RHI scandal. In January 2017 this led Martin McGuinness to resign in protest and the Northern Ireland Executive collapsed. A snap election followed after Sinn Féin refused to re-nominate a deputy First Minister. In this Northern Ireland Assembly election, held in March 2017, the DUP lost 10 seats, leaving them only one seat and 1,200 votes ahead of Sinn Féin, a result described by the Belfast Telegraph as "catastrophic".[79] The withdrawal of the party whip from Jim Wells in May 2018 left the DUP on 27 seats, the same number as Sinn Féin.[80]

In the 2017 UK general election, the DUP had 10 seats overall, 3 seats ahead of Sinn Féin.[81] With no party having received an outright majority in the UK Parliament, the DUP entered into an agreement to support government by the Conservative Party.[82] A DUP source said: "The alternative is intolerable. For as long as Corbyn leads Labour, we will ensure there’s a Tory PM."[82] The DUP would later withdraw their support over new Prime Minister Boris Johnson's revised proposal for a deal with the EU.[83]

At the 2019 UK general election, the DUP lost vote share and lost two of its seats.[84]

Due to the RHI scandal and deadlock between the DUP and Sinn Féin, Northern Ireland did not have an Executive and the Assembly did not meet for three years. In January 2020, the main parties signed the New Decade, New Approach agreement and the Executive was re-formed with Foster as First Minister and Michelle O'Neill of Sinn Féin as deputy First Minister.

In April 2021, it was reported that the majority of DUP MLAs and MPs had signed a letter of no confidence in Foster. She therefore announced that she would step down as DUP leader in May and as First Minister in June.[85]

### Poots leadership (2021)

[edit]

After Foster's announcement, the DUP held its first ever leadership election in May 2021, with Edwin Poots becoming leader after narrowly defeating Jeffrey Donaldson.[86] This caused a fracture in the party. Some DUP members spoke of their "disgust" at the way in which Foster had been ousted. There were claims that Poots supporters engaged in bullying and intimidation during the leadership election, and some party members walked out before his speech.[86][87] Police also investigated claims the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) threatened members of Donaldson's campaign team.[88] Poots admitted party members were "bruised" but denied claims of intimidation. Several party members resigned, including councillors.[87][89]

On 17 June 21 days after becoming DUP leader, Poots announced he would be resigning after an internal party revolt. He said he would stay in post until a successor was elected.[90] He had agreed a deal whereby his close ally, Paul Givan, would become First Minister. In return, he would let Westminster pass Irish language law for Northern Ireland, which the DUP had earlier agreed to implement by signing the New Decade, New Approach agreement. Most DUP MLAs opposed Poots's decision, forcing him to step down.[91][92]

On 22 June, Jeffrey Donaldson was confirmed to be succeeding Poots, as the only candidate in the leadership contest.[93]

### Donaldson leadership (2021–2024)

[edit]

Jeffrey Donaldson was ratified as DUP leader on 30 June 2021, and said his top priority was to get rid of the Northern Ireland Protocol, the post-Brexit trade arrangements.[94] Hours after he became leader, MLA Alex Easton left the DUP, saying the party no longer had any "respect, discipline or decency".[95] This meant the DUP were no longer the biggest party in the Assembly.

As part of the party's protest against the Northern Ireland Protocol, the DUP's Paul Givan resigned as First Minister in February 2022, collapsing the Northern Ireland Executive.[96]

In April, shortly before the 2022 Assembly election, all of the DUP's officers in South Down refused to endorse the party's candidate Diane Forsythe and resigned from the DUP.[97]

In the May 2022 Assembly election, the DUP's vote share dropped almost 7% and it lost three seats, making Sinn Féin the largest party for the first time.[98] However, the DUP said they will not allow the election of a Speaker until their issues with the Northern Ireland Protocol are dealt with; meaning the Assembly cannot continue its business and a new Executive cannot be formed. The DUP were condemned by other parties for their actions.[99]

In July 2022, the DUP voted to support Prime Minister Boris Johnson in a confidence vote, making it the only party besides the Conservative Party to do so.[100]

Since the May 2022 election, the DUP has blocked the formation of a new Northern Ireland Assembly and Executive.[101]

Following the publication of the Windsor Framework, the DUP signalled opposition to the agreement.[102] The party formed a panel to form a report on the plan, members included; Arlene Foster, Peter Robinson, Carla Lockhart, Lord Weir, Ross Reed, John McBurney, Brian Kingston and Deborah Erskine.[103] David Kerr, the former UUP adviser to former First Minister David Trimble, has warned that DUP leadership risks splitting the party over its continued opposition to power sharing.[104]

In the 2023 Northern Ireland local elections, the DUP was overtaken by the Sinn Fein as the largest party. While the DUP maintained its 122 seats, the Sinn Fein was able to win 39 new seats to jump to 144 seats. After the election, Chris Heaton-Harris called for the party to end the boycott of Sinn Féin and work alongside the party.[105]

During Donaldson's leadership, the DUP has developed a 5-point plan "to build a better Northern Ireland within the Union", this includes "supporting and boosting [the] National Health Service, growing [the] economy and creating jobs, tackling the cost of living crisis, securing a better education system and negotiating the removal of the Irish Sea Border."[106]

On 29 January 2024, an urgent meeting of the DUP executive was called following the passing over the deadline to restore power sharing at Stormont.[107] Details of the meeting were reportedly leaked to the BBC.[108] Jeffrey Donaldson revealed in the morning that his party would return to Stormont.[109] The Northern Ireland Executive formation ended 23 months of stalemate.[110]

Donaldson resigned as leader on 29 March 2024 after being charged with historical sex offences.[111] Gavin Robinson was named as interim leader.[29][30]

### Robinson leadership (2024-present)

[edit]

On 29 May 2024, Gavin Robinson was confirmed as leader of the party by its executive - a role he had held on an interm basis since 29 March 2024.[112]

In the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the DUP lost three seats in Lagan Valley, North Antrim and South Antrim. This saw Sinn Fein elect the highest number of MPs in Northern Ireland with seven.

## Policies and views

[edit]

### Unionism

[edit]

The Democratic Unionist Party are Ulster unionists, which means that they support Northern Ireland remaining part of the United Kingdom and are opposed to a united Ireland. The party sees itself as defending Britishness and Ulster Protestant culture against Irish nationalism and republicanism.[113][114] It supports marching rights for the loyalist Orange Order, which many DUP members are members of;[115] it is also in favour of flying the British Union Flag from government buildings all year round. The DUP assert that "Irish and Gaelic culture should not be allowed to dominate funding" in Northern Ireland[116] and have blocked proposed laws that would promote and protect the Irish language.[117][118] The DUP are staunch supporters of the British security forces and their role in the Northern Ireland conflict. The party wants to prevent British soldiers and police officers from being prosecuted for killings committed during the conflict.[119]

### Ulster loyalism

[edit]

The party has also been described as right-wing populist[7] and containing some extremist tendencies.[120][121] It is linked to the Ulster loyalist faction of unionism, which has been identified as a form of ethnic nationalism.[122] The DUP was endorsed in the 2017 general election by the Loyalist Communities Council, an umbrella group of loyalist paramilitary groups, which are proscribed terrorist organisations.[123] However, the party leadership strongly rejected the endorsement,[124][125] with party leader Arlene Foster stating: "We did not seek that statement, we did not seek endorsement from any paramilitary organisation and indeed I fundamentally reject an endorsement from anyone that's involved with paramilitarism or criminality."[126]

### Euroscepticism and foreign policy

[edit]

The DUP is a Eurosceptic party that supported the UK's withdrawal from the European Union in the 2016 Brexit referendum and was the only party in the Stormont power executive to campaign for leave.[127] The party opposes a hard Irish border,[128][129] and wishes to maintain the Common Travel Area.[130]

Speaking as a member of the European Parliament in 1991, then leader Ian Paisley set out the DUP's Eurosceptic position:

> I wish to have no part whatsoever in the rebuilding of this Tower of Babel. God Almighty cursed and confounded that tower very long ago and no sensible person wants to make bricks without straw to rebuild such a monstrosity. I believe there is a way forward for Europe. The true future of the nations of Europe lies in co-operation and not in incorporation; in unity, but not in uniformity; in national sovereignty, not in international submergence, and in a family of nations, not in a federation of nations.[131]

Later in 1991, speaking at the DUP annual conference Paisley compared Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl to Kaiser Wilhelm II and Adolf Hitler.[131]

East Antrim MP Sammy Wilson caused controversy in March 2016 during a BBC Spotlight episode discussing the implications of the EU referendum, when he was recorded agreeing with a member of the public who said that they wanted to leave the European Union and "get the ethnics out". Wilson stated "You are absolutely right". Wilson said he was agreeing with the desire to leave the European Union, not the "ethnics out" call. Wilson was criticised by the Polish consul in Northern Ireland and various other political parties.[132]

The DUP strongly opposed the Northern Ireland backstop in 2019[133] seeing it as weakening Northern Ireland's place within the United Kingdom,[134] and this opposition was regarded by a number of commentators as the main reason why the withdrawal agreement was not ratified by the Parliament of the United Kingdom before 2020.[135][136][137] During most of the May government, the DUP said the Northern Ireland backstop must be removed from the Brexit withdrawal agreement for continued support of Theresa May's government in the House of Commons through the confidence and supply deal,[138][139] although the party said that it was open to a time limit on the backstop.[140]

The DUP voted "No" in all three meaningful votes on the EU Withdrawal Agreement negotiated by Theresa May.[141]

The DUP are strongly supportive of Israel.[142]

In 2011, the DUP abstained on military intervention in Libya.[143] The DUP opposed the British government's proposed military intervention against Bashar al-Assad in the Syrian Civil War in 2013.[144] However, the DUP supported military action against Islamic State targets in Syria in 2015.[145]

### LGBT rights

[edit]

The DUP is socially conservative and has strong links to the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, the small church founded by the party's founder Ian Paisley. The vast majority of DUP members are evangelical Christians and, on average, 65% of its representatives since the party was founded have been Free Presbyterians.[146] The party also has links with the Caleb Foundation, a Protestant fundamentalist pressure group.[147]

The DUP has opposed LGBT rights in Northern Ireland. Party leaders—as well as many prominent party members—have condemned homosexuality, and a 2014 survey found that two-thirds of party members believe homosexuality is wrong.[148]

#### Opposition to LGBT rights legislation

[edit]

The DUP campaigned against the legalisation of homosexual acts, which it believed to be a "harmful deviance" linked to paedophilia, in Northern Ireland through the "Save Ulster from Sodomy" campaign between 1977 and 1982.[149]

The Labour government elected in 1997 sought to reform the law to extend LGBT rights. The DUP consistently voted against the Labour government, including by voting against reducing of the age of consent for gay sex from 18 to 16 in June 1998[150] (and again in February 2000[151]), against a motion for a gender-neutral Civil Registration Bill in October 2001,[152] against allowing unmarried gay and straight couples to adopt children in November 2002,[153] against the Gender Recognition Bill 2004,[154][155] against the Civil Partnership Act 2004,[156] for an amendment opposing the Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007,[157] and against same-sex female couples and single mothers accessing in vitro fertilisation in January 2008.[158]

The party vetoed the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland from 2015 onwards, which for a time made Northern Ireland the only region of the UK where same-sex marriage was not permitted,[159] prior to the passage of the Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019.[160][161] Former DUP minister Jim Wells called the issue a "red line" for power-sharing talks, adding that "Peter will not marry Paul in Northern Ireland".[162] In August 2012, in the wake of a council debate on same-sex marriage, Magherafelt DUP councillor Paul McClean called for homosexuality to be made illegal again in Northern Ireland. In response, the DUP reiterated their support for the "current definition of marriage", but did not comment with regard to outlawing homosexuality.[163] McClean repeated his comments in April 2015,[164] and a few days later, DUP leader Peter Robinson said that McClean was "entitled to that opinion", and that if homosexuality was illegal, he would "hope that people would obey the law".[165]

The party attempted to introduce a "conscience clause" into law in Northern Ireland, which would let businesses refuse to provide a service if it went against their religious beliefs. This came after a Christian-owned bakery was taken to court for refusing to make a cake bearing a pro-gay marriage slogan. Opponents argued that the clause would allow discrimination against LGBT people.[166]

#### Homosexuality 'cure' and conversion therapy controversies

[edit]

See also: Iris Robinson § Comments about homosexuality

In June 2008, Iris Robinson, commenting on a homophobic assault, offered to refer homosexuals to psychiatric counselling, suggesting it could "cure" him of his homosexuality. Although she condemned the attack, she called homosexuality an "abomination" that made her feel "sick" and "nauseous". In July, Robinson stated in Parliament that homosexuality was "viler" than child sex abuse, adding she felt "totally repulsed by both".[167] In a subsequent statement that same day, however, she said that she had "clearly intended to say that child abuse was even worse than homosexuality and sodomy". Her remarks were widely condemned by other parties and by the Northern Ireland Gay Rights Association,[167] with SDLP MP Alasdair McDonnell saying her comments "create space for all sorts of homophobic attacks".[168]

In November 2015, the DUP deputy mayor of Derry and Strabane, Thomas Kerrigan, suggested that homosexuality could be "cured" through prayer, suggesting that young people not attending church left themselves open to lifestyles such as "being gay", drinking, or taking drugs. Kerrigan's remarks attracted condemnation from the Rainbow Project and from Bebe Johnston, the mother of a gay man from Derry who died by suicide. While the DUP indicated Kerrigan's remarks were not party policy, they stated "party members may hold personal views on this matter".[169]

#### Internal dissent on LGBT issues

[edit]

In recent years, the party has become more split on the issue of LGBT rights with some DUP members moderating their opinions on the matter. In 2021, The Guardian claimed that Arlene Foster softening her stance on LGBT issues was a contributing factor in her resignation as leader.[170][171] In July 2021, deputy leader Paula Bradley expressed an apology for the "absolutely atrocious" statements made by the party's politicians about LGBT people and added "there have been some very hurtful comments and some language that really should not have been used.”.[172] Her apology was supported by DUP leader Jeffrey Donaldson.[173] In September 2021, Donaldson met with the Rainbow Project, the first official meeting between a DUP leader and an LGBT group.[174]

However, the efforts of leading DUP figures to moderate the party's position has faced resistance. In 2019, following the selection of Alison Bennington, the DUP's first openly LGBT candidate (who would later be elected as a councillor), Ballymoney DUP alderman John Finlay issued a complaint to DUP party officers, stating his "deep concern" at "the decision to select an openly gay candidate", remarking that "Dr. Paisley must be turning in his grave".[175]

### Abortion

[edit]

Party members have campaigned strongly against any extension of abortion rights to Northern Ireland, unanimously opposing a bill by Labour MP Diana Johnson to protect women in England and Wales from criminal prosecution if they ended a pregnancy using pills bought online.[130][176] They have opposed extra funding for international family planning programmes.[176]

### Economic and fiscal policies

[edit]

The DUP is in favour of keeping the "triple lock" for pensions,[129] the Winter Fuel Allowance,[130] and greater spending in Northern Ireland for services such as health.[177]

The DUP revived calls for a 25-mile sea bridge to link Northern Ireland with Scotland.[citation needed]

To address the cost of living crisis, in the May 2022 Assembly Election the DUP supported a windfall tax on energy firms, and an energy support payment "to support hard-pressed families."[178]

The party has been described as "a right-wing party in terms of social issues, but left-of-centre on economic issues."[179]

### Social policy

[edit]

Some DUP politicians have called for creationism to be taught in state schools,[180][181] and for museums to include creationism in their exhibits.[182][183] In 2007, a DUP spokesman confirmed that these views were in line with party policy.[180]

In 2011, the DUP called for a debate in the House of Commons over bringing back the death penalty for some serious crimes such as murder or rape.[184]

## Associations with loyalist paramilitaries

[edit]

Further information: Ulster Resistance and Third Force (Northern Ireland)

Though the party has never had official links to any major paramilitary organisation in Northern Ireland, multiple DUP members have had associations with loyalist groups, or expressed support for their actions, particularly during the Troubles. In 1972, William McCrea issued a press statement, saying, "We call on all Loyalists to give their continued support to the Ulster Defence Association as it seeks to ensure the safety of all law-abiding citizens against the bombs and bullets of the IRA. As the Catholic population have given their support to the IRA throughout this campaign of terror so must Loyalists grant unswerving support to those engaged in the cause of truth."[185] McCrea became the DUP party chairman in February 1976.[186] He and fellow DUP member Ivan Foster conducted funerals for Wesley Somerville and Harris Boyle, two UVF members who were killed while carrying out the Miami Showband killings in 1975.[187] Foster had given the graveside oration for Sinclair Johnston, a UVF member who was shot by police during rioting in Larne in 1972.[188]

McCrea also conducted the funeral service for Benjamin Redfern, a UDA member who was crushed while trying to escape the Maze Prison in a bin lorry in 1984. Redfern was serving a life sentence for the murder of two Catholics.[188] In 1996, Billy Wright, a former UVF member who had founded the breakaway Loyalist Volunteer Force, organised a rally in defence of 'free speech'. McCrea accepted an invitation to address the meeting.[185]

Omagh businessman Eddie Sayers stood as a DUP candidate in the 1973 Northern Ireland Assembly election for the constituency of Mid Ulster, but was not elected. He later became active in the UDA, and was appointed Brigadier for its Mid Ulster Brigade.[189]

Bangor DUP councillor Billy Baxter was arrested in 1993 and convicted for soliciting funds for the UVF. He was subsequently expelled from the party.[189]

In July 1994, DUP press officer Sammy Wilson and DUP deputy leader Peter Robinson were pallbearers at the funeral of UDA member Ray Smallwoods, who served half of a 15-year sentence for the attempted murder of Bernadette McAliskey in 1981.[190] That same year, the UDA drafted a document – the ‘Doomsday scenario’ – which declared that in the event of a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, the organisation's aim would be to "establish an ethnic Protestant homeland" within which the Catholic population would be "expelled, nullified or interned." Wilson praised the document, describing it as a "very valuable return to reality" which "shows that some loyalist paramilitaries are looking ahead and contemplating what needs to be done to maintain our separate Ulster identity".[47]

In 2006, George Seawright was listed by the UVF as one of its members killed during the Troubles.[191] Seawright was elected a DUP Belfast City Councillor in 1981, and a DUP candidate in the 1982 Northern Ireland Assembly election, though he was expelled from the party in 1984. His election agent was UVF leader John Bingham.[192]

Former UVF member John Smyth, who was jailed for his activities in the 1970s, was a DUP councillor on the Antrim Borough Council for over a decade.[193]

In 2014, Billy Hutchinson, a former member of the UVF who was convicted of murder in 1974, said that "most UVF men are DUP supporters, or those who vote anyway".[194]

In January 2023, DUP councillor and former Mayor of Lisburn Paul Porter took part in a march to mark the 25th anniversary of the shooting dead of UDA member Jim Guiney by the INLA. The march was criticised by Marian Walsh, whose 17-year-old son Damien was murdered by the UDA in 1993.[195]

In 2023, Tyler Hoey was selected as a DUP candidate to contest the Mid and East Antrim Council elections. In 2020, Hoey 'liked' a Twitter post commemorating the Greysteel massacre, which stated, "On this day 27 years ago, An Ulster Freedom Fighters Active Service Unit from North Antrim-Londonderry Brigade 'Trick or Treated' its way into the republican Rising Sun bar in Greysteel in order to gain revenge for the Shankill Bombing. Spirit of '93".[196] Following this revelation, DUP leader Jeffrey Donaldson said that Hoey "deeply regrets some of the things that he said in the past" and that he is "entitled to a second chance."[197]

## Leadership

[edit]

Founder Ian Paisley led the party from its foundation in 1971 onwards, and retired as leader of the party in spring 2008.

Paisley was replaced by former deputy leader Peter Robinson on 31 May 2008, who in turn was replaced by Arlene Foster on 17 December 2015.

Foster announced in April 2021 that she would stand down as leader on 28 May 2021.[85] Edwin Poots won the subsequent leadership election (the first in the party's history), against Sir Jeffrey Donaldson, however he stepped down after just 20 days in office and was replaced as leader by Donaldson on 26 June 2021. Donaldson resigned with immediate effect on 29 March 2024.[198] As a result of Donaldson's resignation, deputy leader Gavin Robinson became the party's acting leader the same day. Following the announcement on 22 May 2024 that the 2024 United Kingdom general election would be held on 4 July, Robinson's leadership of the DUP was confirmed by the party executive on 29 May 2024 without a contested leadership election.[199]

### Party leader

[edit]

The following are the terms of office as party leader and as First Minister of Northern Ireland:

Leader  | Tenure  | Constituency  | First/deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland

|
|
|

The Rev Rt. Hon Ian Paisley | 30 September 1971 –
31 May 2008  | MP for Bannside[a] (1970–1972)
MP for North Antrim (1970–2010)
MEP for Northern Ireland (1979–2004)
MLA for North Antrim (1998–2011) | N/A
Himself
8 May 2007 –
5 June 2008
(2nd Executive)

The Rt. Hon Peter Robinson | 31 May 2008 –
17 December 2015  | MP for Belfast East (1979–2010)
MLA for Belfast East (1998–2016) | Himself
5 June 2008 –
11 January 2016
(2nd and 3rd Executive)

The Rt. Hon Arlene Foster | 17 December 2015 –
28 May 2021  | MLA for Fermanagh and South Tyrone (2003–2021) | Herself
11 January 2016 –
9 January 2017
(4th and 5th Executive)
Vacant
9 January 2017– 11 January 2020
Herself
11 January 2020 –
14 June 2021
(5th Executive)

Edwin Poots | 28 May 2021 –
30 June 2021  | MLA for Lagan Valley (1998–2022) | Paul Givan
17 June 2021[200] –
4 February 2022[201]
(5th Executive)

The Rt. Hon Jeffrey Donaldson | 30 June 2021 –
29 March 2024  | MP for Lagan Valley (1997–2024)
Vacant
4 February 2022 –
3 February 2024
Emma Little-Pengelly
3 February 2024 –
present
(6th Executive)

The Rt. Hon Gavin Robinson | Acting: 29 March 2024 –
29 May 2024 | MP for Belfast East (2015–present)
29 May 2024 –
present

### Deputy leader

[edit]

Name  | Period  | Constituency

|
|

William Beattie | 30 September 1971 – 31 May 1980  | MP for South Antrim (1970–72)
Peter Robinson | 31 May 1980 – 31 May 2008  | MP for Belfast East (1979–2010)
MLA for Belfast East (1998–2016)
Nigel Dodds | 31 May 2008 – 28 May 2021  | MLA for Belfast North (1998–2010)
MP for Belfast North (2001–2019)
Paula Bradley | 28 May 2021 – 9 June 2023  | MLA for Belfast North (2011–2022)
Gavin Robinson | 9 June 2023 – 28 May 2024  | MP for Belfast East (2015–2024)

### Chairman

[edit]

Period  | Name

|

1971–1973  | Desmond Boal
1973–1980  | William Beattie
1981–2000  | James McClure
2000–present  | Maurice Morrow

### General Secretary

[edit]

Period  | Name

|

1975–1979  | Peter Robinson
1980–1983  | William Beattie
1983–1992  | Alan Kane
1993–2008  | Nigel Dodds
2008–present  | Michelle McIlveen

### Northern Ireland Executive Ministers

[edit]

Portfolio  | Name

|

Deputy First Minister | Emma Little-Pengelly
Junior Minister (nominated by Deputy First Minister)  | Pam Cameron
Minister for Communities | Gordon Lyons
Minister of Education | Paul Givan

### Westminster

[edit]

Party leaders at Westminster
Name  | Period  | Constituency

|
|

Ian Paisley  | 1974–2008  | North Antrim
Peter Robinson  | 2008–2010  | Belfast East
Nigel Dodds  | 2010–2019  | Belfast North
Jeffrey Donaldson  | 2019–2024  | Lagan Valley
Gavin Robinson  | 2024–present  | Belfast East

Party Chief Whip at Westminster
Name  | Period  | Constituency

|
|

Jeffrey Donaldson | 2015–2019  | Lagan Valley
Sammy Wilson | 2019–2024  | East Antrim
Sammy Wilson | 2024–present[202] | East Antrim

Party spokespersons at Westminster[203]
Responsibility  | Spokesperson

|

Leader of the DUP and Spokesperson for Northern Ireland | Gavin Robinson
Leader of the DUP in the House of Lords  | Lord Dodds of Duncairn
Chief Whip and Business in the House of Commons | Sammy Wilson
Deputy Chief Whip
Spokesperson for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities
Spokesperson for Transport | Ian Paisley Jr
Spokesperson for International Development
Spokesperson for International Trade
Spokesperson for Foreign Affairs | Gregory Campbell
Spokesperson for the Economy
Spokesperson for Work and Pensions
Spokesperson for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy | Paul Girvan
Spokesperson for Defence
Spokesperson for Home Affairs
Spokesperson for Justice | Gavin Robinson
Spokesperson for Health and Social Care
Spokesperson for Education | Jim Shannon
Spokesperson for Equality
Spokesperson for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
PPS to the Leader of the DUP  | Carla Lockhart

## Representatives

[edit]

### Parliament of the United Kingdom

[edit]

Members of the House of Commons

All members listed below as elected in 2024.

Portrait  | Name  | Constituency  | Elected  | Notes[b]

|
|
|
|

| Gregory Campbell | East Londonderry | 2001 | DUP spokesperson for International Development
| Carla Lockhart | Upper Bann | 2019 | DUP spokesperson for Equality and Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
| Gavin Robinson | Belfast East | 2015 | Leader of the Democratic Unionist Party

DUP spokesperson for Defence and Home Affairs

| Jim Shannon | Strangford | 2010 | DUP spokesperson for Health
| Sammy Wilson | East Antrim | 2005 | DUP Chief Whip in the House of Commons

Members of the House of Lords

Portrait  | Name  | Since  | Notes

|
|
|

| The Lord Browne of Belmont | 2006  | Former MLA for East Belfast (2007–2011)
| The Lord Hay of Ballyore | 2014  | Former Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly (2007–2014) from Foyle (1998–2014)
| The Lord Morrow | 2006  | Chairman of the DUP (2000–present)
| The Lord McCrea of Magherafelt and Cookstown | 2018  | Former MP for Mid Ulster (1983–1997) and South Antrim (2000–01; 2005–2015)
| The Lord Dodds of Duncairn | 2021  | Leader of the Democratic Unionist Party in the House of Lords (2021–present)

Former MP for Belfast North (2001–2019)

| The Lord Weir of Ballyholme | 2022  | Former Minister for Education in the Northern Ireland Executive (2016–2017; 2020–2022)

### Northern Ireland Assembly

[edit]

Members of the Northern Ireland Assembly as of 22 February 2025:

{*} = Member was co-opted (appointed) to fill a seat.

Name  | Constituency  | Since

|
|

Maurice Bradley | East Londonderry | 2016
Phillip Brett | Belfast North | 2022
David Brooks | Belfast East | 2022
Cheryl Brownlee | East Antrim | 2023*[204]
Keith Buchanan | Mid Ulster | 2016
Thomas Buchanan | West Tyrone | 2003
Jonathan Buckley | Upper Bann | 2017
Joanne Bunting | Belfast East | 2016
Pam Cameron | South Antrim | 2011
Trevor Clarke | South Antrim | 2007
Diane Dodds | Upper Bann | 2020*[205]
Stephen Dunne | North Down | 2021*[206]
Deborah Erskine | Fermanagh and South Tyrone | 2021*[207]
Diane Forsythe | South Down | 2022
Paul Frew | North Antrim | 2010*[208]
Paul Givan | Lagan Valley | 2010*[209]
Harry Harvey | Strangford | 2019*[210][211]
William Irwin | Newry and Armagh | 2007
Brian Kingston | Belfast North | 2022
Emma Little-Pengelly | Lagan Valley | 2022*[212]
Gordon Lyons | East Antrim | 2015*[213]
Peter Martin | North Down | 2024*[214]
Michelle McIlveen | Strangford | 2007
Gary Middleton | Foyle | 2014*[215]
Edwin Poots | Belfast South | 1998
Alan Robinson | East Londonderry | 2022

## Election results

[edit]

Main article: Democratic Unionist Party representation and election results

Map showing seat results for Northern Ireland Westminster elections 1997–2019

### General election results

[edit]

Election  | Leader  | Share of votes  | Seats  | ±  | Government

|
|
|
|
|

Feb 1974 | Ian Paisley  | 5.7%  |

1 / 12

|  1  | Labour minority
Oct 1974 | 5.8%  |

1 / 12

|  | Labour
1979 | 10.2%  |

3 / 12

|  2  | Conservative
1983 | 19.9%  |

3 / 17

|  | Conservative
1987 | 11.7%  |

3 / 17

|  | Conservative
1992 | 13.1%  |

3 / 17

|  | Conservative
1997 | 13.6%  |

2 / 18

|  1  | Labour
2001 | 22.5%  |

5 / 18

|  3  | Labour
2005 | 33.7%  |

9 / 18

|  4  | Labour
2010 | Peter Robinson  | 25.0%  |

8 / 18

|  1  | Conservative-Liberal Democrats coalition
2015 | 25.7%  |

8 / 18

|  | Conservative
2017 | Arlene Foster  | 36.0%  |

10 / 18

|  2  | Conservative minority
with DUP confidence & supply
2019 | 30.6%  |

8 / 18

|  2  | Conservative
2024 | Gavin Robinson  | 22.1%  |

5 / 18

|  3  | Labour

### Northern Ireland Assembly election results

[edit]

Election  | Northern Ireland Assembly | Leader  | Total Votes  | Share of votes  | Seats  | +/-  | Government

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1973 | 1973 Assembly | Ian Paisley  | 78,228  | 10.8%  |

8 / 78

|  8  | Opposition
1975 | Constitutional Convention | 97,073  | 14.8%  |

12 / 78

|  4  | Fourth largest party
1982 | 1982 Assembly | 145,528  | 23.0%  |

21 / 78

|  9  | Opposition
1996 | Forum | 141,413  | 18.8%  |

24 / 110

|  24  | Second largest party
1998 | 1st Assembly | 145,917  | 18.5%  |

20 / 108

|  4  | Junior party in coalition
2003 | 2nd Assembly | 177,944  | 25.7%  |

30 / 108

|  10  | Largest party, direct rule
2007 | 3rd Assembly | 207,721  | 30.1%  |

36 / 108

|  6  | Coalition
2011 | 4th Assembly | Peter Robinson  | 198,436  | 30.0%  |

38 / 108

|  2  | Coalition
2016 | 5th Assembly | Arlene Foster  | 202,567  | 29.2%  |

38 / 108

|  | Coalition
2017 | 6th Assembly | 225,413  | 28.1%  |

28 / 90

|  10  | Coalition
2022 | 7th Assembly | Jeffrey Donaldson  | 184,002  | 21.3%  |

25 / 90

|  3  | Junior party in coalition

## See also

[edit]

* Conservatism portal
* Northern Ireland portal

* List of Democratic Unionist Party MPs
* List of Northern Ireland Members of the House of Lords
* British Isles fixed sea link connections
* Democratic Unionist Party scandals

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ (Northern Ireland Parliament)
2. ^ Not all positions are listed here, please see the party spokespersons at Westminster section.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/sammy-wilson-back-dups-westminster-30211842
2. ^ https://mydup.com/news/sir-jeffrey-reshuffles-assembly-spokespeople
3. ^ "The Electoral Commission – Democratic Unionist Party – D.U.P." Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
4. ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Northern Ireland/UK". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
5. ^ "Unionist bid to be UK 'kingmakers' unsettles some in Northern Ireland". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
6. ^ a b Smithey, Lee. Unionists, Loyalists, and Conflict Transformation in Northern Ireland. Oxford University Press, 2011. pp.56, 58
7. ^ a b c Ingle, Stephen (2008). The British Party System: An Introduction. Routledge. p. 156.
8. ^ "NI council elections 2023: Sinn Féin largest party in NI local government". BBC. 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
9. ^ McAuley, James. Very British Rebels?: The Culture and Politics of Ulster Loyalism. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015. p.140
10. ^ "It will be ‘difficult’ for May to survive, says N Ireland’s DUP" Archived 16 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, By Vincent Boland & Robert Wright. Financial Times. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2017
11. ^ "Who Are The DUP? The Democratic Unionist Party Explained" Archived 11 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine, LBC. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
12. ^ Peck, Tom (10 June 2017). "Theresa May to enter into 'confidence and supply' arrangement with the Democratic Unionists". The Independent. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
13. ^ "General election 2017: Tories and DUP 'still in discussions'". BBC News. 11 June 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
14. ^ Marcus, Ruth (14 January 2010). "Ruth Marcus – Gender aside, the fall of Irish politician Iris Robinson is the same old sex scandal". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
15. ^ "DUP confirms it will campaign for Brexit in Leave/Remain referendum". Belfast Telegraph. 20 February 2016. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017. "The Democratic Unionist Party has formally announced its intention to campaign for a Brexit."
16. ^ Jamie Merrill (9 June 2017). "What is the DUP position on Brexit?". The Essential Daily Briefing. iNews. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017. "No-one wants to see a 'hard' Brexit, what we want to see is a workable plan to leave the European Union, and that's what the national vote was about – therefore we need to get on with that."
17. ^ "Ian Paisley death: Third Force 'were a motley crew of teens and farmers...'". Belfast Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
18. ^ Unionism and Orangeism in Northern Ireland Since 1945. Belfast: Blackstaff Press. p. 199\. "The men on the Antrim hillside became the nucleus of a paramilitary formation 'The Third Force' which would play a role in what the DUP called 'The Carson Trail'"
19. ^ Wood, Ian S. (2006). Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA. Edinburgh University Press. p. 74\. ISBN 978-0748624270. "Dr Ian Paisley, who had been close to Bradford, called for tax and rent strikes by Loyalists and announced the formation of a new paramilitary body for which he claimed he was helping to recruit. Because it was to supplement the RUC and UDR, he called it the 'Third Force'"
20. ^ a b c "Abstracts of Organisations: U". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
21. ^ a b "A spectre from the past back to haunt peace" Archived 13 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Belfast Telegraph. 10 June 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
22. ^ a b "DUP 'would share power in May'". BBC News Online. BBC. 24 March 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
23. ^ a b "Allister quits power-sharing DUP". BBC News Online. BBC. 27 March 2007. Archived from the original on 30 March 2007. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
24. ^ "Seventh councillor leaves the DUP". BBC News Online. BBC. 5 April 2007. Archived from the original on 3 May 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
25. ^ "New unionist group to be launched". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 December 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
26. ^ "Paul Givan resigns as NI First Minister". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
27. ^ "DUP agrees deal with UK government to restore power-sharing to Northern Ireland". Sky News. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
28. ^ "Gavin Robinson says he will 'continue Irish Sea border fight' as he's ratified as DUP leader". The Irish Times. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
29. ^ a b Kearney, Vincent (29 March 2024). "DUP leader Jeffrey Donaldson steps down after allegations". Retrieved 29 March 2024.
30. ^ a b Graham, Seánín (29 March 2024). "Jeffrey Donaldson resigns as leader of Democratic Unionist Party after being charged with historical allegations". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
31. ^ "Jeffrey Donaldson appears in court charged with sexual offences over 21-year period". The Irish Times. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
32. ^ Richard English. The State: Historical and Political Dimensions, Charles Townshend, 1998, Routledge, p. 96; ISBN 0-41515-477-4.
33. ^ Dominic Bryan. Orange Parades: The Politics of Ritual, Tradition and Control, Pluto Press (2000), p. 94; ISBN 0-74531-413-9.
34. ^ "Beyond the Sectarian Divide: the Social Bases and Political Consequences of Nationalist and Unionist Party Competition in Ireland" by Geoffrey Evans and Mary Duffy. In British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 27, No. 1. (January 1997), p.58
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## External links

[edit]

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Democratic Unionist Party

Leadership|

| Leaders|

* Ian Paisley (1971–2008)
* Peter Robinson (2008–15)
* Arlene Foster (2015–21)
* Edwin Poots (2021)
* Jeffrey Donaldson (2021–2024)
* Gavin Robinson (interim, 2024–present)

|

Deputy leaders|

* William Beattie (1971–80)
* Peter Robinson (1980–2008)
* Nigel Dodds (2008–2021)
* Paula Bradley (2021–present)

Chairs|

* Desmond Boal (1971–73)
* William Beattie (1973–80)
* James McClure (1980–2000)
* Maurice Morrow (2000–present)

General secretaries|

* Peter Robinson (1975–79)
* William Beattie (1980–83)
* Alan Kane (1983–92)
* Nigel Dodds (1993–2008)
* Michelle McIlveen (2008–present)

Leadership elections|

* May 2021
* June 2021

Elected representatives|

| Northern
Ireland Assembly|

* Maurice Bradley
* Phillip Brett
* David Brooks
* Cheryl Brownlee
* Keith Buchanan
* Thomas Buchanan
* Jonathan Buckley
* Joanne Bunting
* Pam Cameron
* Trevor Clarke
* Diane Dodds
* Stephen Dunne
* Deborah Erskine
* Diane Forsythe
* Paul Frew
* Paul Givan
* Harry Harvey
* William Irwin
* Brian Kingston
* Emma Little-Pengelly
* Gordon Lyons
* Michelle McIlveen
* Gary Middleton
* Edwin Poots
* Alan Robinson

|

Westminster|

* (MPs 1971–2019)
* MPs (2005–2010)
* Gregory Campbell
* Carla Lockhart
* Gavin Robinson
* Jim Shannon
* Sammy Wilson

Ennobled representatives|

| House of Lords|

* The Lord Browne of Belmont
* The Lord Hay of Ballyore
* The Lord Morrow
* The Lord McCrea of Magherafelt and Cookstown
* The Lord Dodds of Duncairn
* The Lord Weir of Ballyholme

|

Related topics|

* Election results
* Conservative–DUP agreement
* Ulster Protestant Action
* Protestant Unionist Party
* Traditional Unionist Voice

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in Northern Ireland

MLAs in the Northern Ireland Assembly (90)|

| Unionist (37)|

* Democratic Unionist Party (25)
* Ulster Unionist Party (9)
* Traditional Unionist Voice (1)
* Independent (2)

|

Nationalist (35)|

* Sinn Féin (27)
* Social Democratic and Labour Party (8)

Other (18)|

* Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (17)
* People Before Profit (1)

MPs in the House of Commons (18 of 650)|

* Sinn Féin† (7)
* Democratic Unionist Party (5)
* Social Democratic and Labour Party (2)
* Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (1)
* Traditional Unionist Voice (1)
* Ulster Unionist Party (1)
* Independent (1)

Councillors in local
unitary authorities (462)|

* Sinn Féin (144)
* Democratic Unionist Party (122)
* Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (67)
* Ulster Unionist Party (54)
* Social Democratic and Labour Party (39)
* Independent (19)
* Traditional Unionist Voice (9)
* Green Party Northern Ireland (5)
* People Before Profit (2)
* Progressive Unionist Party (1)

†Sinn Féin have elected members and offices at Westminster, but as abstentionists do not take their seats.

* Politics of Northern Ireland
* Elections in Northern Ireland
* List of political parties by country

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in the United Kingdom

Legislatures of the United Kingdom (and their current compositions)

House of Commons (650)|

* Labour (404, including 43 Labour Co-op*)
* Conservative (121)
* Liberal Democrats (72)
* SNP (9)
* Sinn Féin† (7)
* DUP (5)
* Reform (5)
* Green (E&W) (4)
* Plaid Cymru (4)
* SDLP (2)
* Alliance (1)
* TUV (1)
* UUP (1)
* Independents (13)‡
* Speaker (1)

House of Lords (836)|

* Conservative (279)
* Crossbenchers (184)
* Labour (214)
* Liberal Democrats (79)
* DUP (6)
* UUP (3)
* Green (E&W) (2)
* Plaid Cymru (2)
* Lord Speaker (1)
* Non-affiliated (41)
* Independents (1)
* Lords Spiritual (24)

Scottish Parliament (129)|

* Scottish National Party (63)
* Scottish Conservatives (31)
* Scottish Labour (22)
* Scottish Greens (7)
* Scottish Liberal Democrats (4)
* Alba (1)
* Presiding Officer (1)

Senedd (60)|

* Welsh Labour (30)
* Welsh Conservatives (16)
* Plaid Cymru (12)
* Welsh Liberal Democrats (1)
* Independent (1)

Northern Ireland Assembly (90)|

* Sinn Féin (27)
* DUP (24)
* Alliance (17)
* Ulster Unionist (9)
* SDLP (7)
* Independent Unionists (2)
* Traditional Unionist Voice (1)
* People Before Profit (1)
* Independent Nationalist (1)

London Assembly (25)|

* London Labour (11)
* London Conservatives (8)
* London Greens (3)
* London Liberal Democrats (2)
* Reform UK (1)

Other parties|

* Abolish the Welsh Assembly
* Animal Welfare
* Aspire
* Britain First
* Christian Peoples Alliance
* English Democrats
* Green (NI)
* Heritage Party
* Justice & Anti-Corruption
* Liberal
* Lincolnshire Independents
* Propel
* Reclaim
* Rejoin EU
* Social Democratic
* UKIP
* Women's Equality
* Workers
* Yorkshire

*Co-operative Party candidates stand jointly with the Labour Party. ‡5 independent MPs work together in the Independent Alliance technical group. †Sinn Féin have elected members and offices at Westminster, but as abstentionists do not take their seats.

* List of political parties by representation
* Politics of the United Kingdom

* v
* t
* e

Nationalism in the United Kingdom

British|

* British national identity
* Nationalism
* Republicanism
* Loyalism
* Far-right
* Fascism
* Unionism
* Federalism

Organisations|

* Britain First
* Britannica Party
* British Democratic Party
* British National Party
* Candour
* Democratic Unionist Party
* Liberty GB
* National Front
* Patriotic Alternative
* Traditional Unionist Voice
* UK Independence Party

Does not include organisations focused on Unionism which do not mention British nationalism in their official makeup.

Cornish|

* Devolution
* Nationalism

Organisations|

* Mebyon Kernow

English|

* English national identity
* Nationalism
* Independence
* Devolution
* North of England
* Unionism

Organisations|

* English Constitution Party
* English Democrats

Irish|

* Nationalism
* Protestant
* Republicanism
* Unification
* Unionism
* Catholic

Organisations|

* Aontú
* Éirígí
* Irish Republican Socialist Party
* Republican Sinn Féin
* Saoradh
* Sinn Féin
* Social Democratic and Labour Party

Scottish|

* Scottish national identity
* Independence
* Devolution
* Nationalism
* Republicanism
* Unionism

Organisations|

* Alba Party
* Scottish National Party
* Siol nan Gaidheal

Does not include organisations supportive of Unionism or Scottish independence without mentioning nationalism in their official makeup.

Ulster|

* Nationalism
* Loyalism
* Partitionism
* Two nations theory

Organisations|

* Ulster Third Way

Welsh|

* Welsh national identity
* Independence
* Devolution
* Nationalism
* Republicanism
* Unionism

Organisations|

* Gwlad
* Plaid Cymru
* Propel

Does not include organisations supportive of Unionism or Welsh independence without mentioning nationalism in their official makeup.

* v
* t
* e

Executive Office of Northern Ireland

Headquarters: Stormont Castle

Department|

| First Minister|

| Party allocation|

* Designated Nationalist: Sinn Féin

|

First Minister|

* Michelle O'Neill

Junior Minister|

* Aisling Reilly

deputy First Minister|

| Party allocation|

* Designated Unionist: Democratic Unionist Party

|

deputy First Minister|

* Emma Little-Pengelly

Junior Minister|

* Pam Cameron

Permanent Secretary|

* Julie Harrison

Scrutiny|

* Committee for the Executive Office

Executive agencies|

* Northern Ireland Bureau
* Office of the Northern Ireland Executive in Brussels

Website: executive-ni.gov.uk

* v
* t
* e

2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum

Results

Referendum question|

"At present, the UK uses the “first past the post” system to elect MPs to the House of Commons. Should the “alternative vote” system be used instead?"

Legislation|

* Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011

Parties|

| For a "Yes" vote|

* Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
* Christian Party
* Christian Peoples Alliance
* English Democrats
* Green Party of England and Wales
* Liberal Democrats
* Liberal Party
* Mebyon Kernow
* Pirate Party UK
* Plaid Cymru
* Scottish Greens
* Scottish National Party
* SDLP
* Sinn Féin
* UKIP
* Libertarian Party

|

Neutral/split|

* Labour Party
* Socialist Party of Great Britain
* Official Monster Raving Loony Party

For a "No" vote|

* British National Party
* Communist Party
* Conservative Party
* Democratic Unionist Party
* England First Party
* Green Party Northern Ireland
* Respect Party
* Socialist Party
* Traditional Unionist Voice
* Ulster Unionist Party

Advocacy groups|

| Advocating a "Yes" vote|

* YES! To Fairer Votes

|

Advocating a "No" vote|

* NOtoAV

Print media|

| For a "Yes" vote|

* The Guardian
* The Independent
* Financial Times
* Daily Mirror

|

For a "No" vote|

* The Sun
* Daily Mail
* The Times
* Daily Express
* The Daily Telegraph
* The Economist
* Evening Standard

Politics Portal

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States

People|

* UK Parliament

Other|

* IdRef

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