Demographic economics

Application of economic analysis to demography

This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. (June 2022)

|

Part of the behavioral sciences

Economics

* Outline
* Index
* Glossary
* Economists

Principles of Economics

Tools and methodology

Economic theory

* Mathematical modeling
* Game theory
* Rational choice
* Cognitive science (Behavioral)
* Economic equilibrium

Empirical methods

* Experimental
* National accounts
* Econometrics
* Time series
* Spatial

Prescriptive and policy

* Welfare analysis
* Social choice theory
* Rational choice theory
* Cost–benefit analysis

Branches and subfields

* Applied
* Econometrics
* International
* Heterodox
* Micro
* Macro
* Mainstream
* Mathematical
* Mech. design
* Methodology
* Political
* Industrial org.
* Market design

Applications

* Agriculture
* Business
* Cultural
* Demographic
* Development
* Ecological
* Education
* Engineering
* Environmental
* Evolutionary
* Financial
* Geographic
* Happiness
* Health
* History
* Information
* Infrastructure
* Institutions
* Labour
* Law
* Management
* Organization
* Participation
* Personnel
* Planning
* Policy
* Public sector
* Public choice
* Social choice
* Regional
* Regulatory
* Resources
* Rural
* Service
* Transport
* Urban
* Welfare

* Economics portal
* Society portal

* v
* t
* e

Demographic economics or population economics is the application of economic analysis to demography, the study of human populations, including size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics.[1][2]

## Aspects

[edit]

Aspects of the subject include:

* marriage and fertility[1][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
* the family[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
* divorce[18][19][20]
* morbidity[21] and life expectancy/mortality[22][23][24]
* dependency ratios[1][3][25][26][27]
* migration[28][29][30]
* population growth[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]
* population size[39][40][41]
* public policy[1][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]
* the demographic transition from "population explosion" to (dynamic) stability[49] or decline.[50][51][52]

Other subfields include measuring value of life[53][54] and the economics of the elderly[55][56][57] and the handicapped[58][59][60] and of gender,[61][62][63] race, minorities, and non-labor discrimination.[64][65] In coverage and subfields, it complements labor economics[66][67] and implicates a variety of other economics subjects.[68][69][70]

Further information: Econography

## Subareas

[edit]

The Journal of Economic Literature classification codes are a way of categorizing subjects in economics. There, demographic economics is paired with labour economics as one of 19 primary classifications at JEL: J.[71] It has eight subareas:

General
Demographic Trends and Forecasts
Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped
Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination
Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
Value of life; Foregone Income
Public Policy

## See also

[edit]

* Cost of raising a child
* Family economics
* Generational accounting
* Growth economics
* Retirement age, international comparison

Related:

* Income and fertility
* Demographic dividend
* Demographic transition
* Demographic gift
* Demographic window
* Demographic trap
* Preston curve
* Development economics

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Kelley, Allen C.; Schmidt, Robert M. (2008). "Economic Demography". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 655\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0428. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
2. ^ van Praag, Bernard M. S. (1988). The notion of population economics. Vol. 1\. pp. 5–16\. doi:10.1007/bf00171507. JSTOR 20007247. PMID 12342564. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: `|journal=` ignored (help)
3. ^ a b Foster, Andrew (2008). "Marriage Markets". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 356\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.1044. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
4. ^ Schultz, T. Paul (2008). "Fertility in Developing Countries". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (PDF). London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 291\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0560. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
5. ^ Galor, Oded (2008). "Economic Growth in the Very Long Run". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (PDF). London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 685\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0434. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
6. ^ Adsera, Alicia (2008). "Fertility in Developed Countries". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 286\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0559. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
7. ^ Montgomery, Mark; Trussell, James (1986). Models of marital status and childbearing. Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 1\. pp. 205–71\. doi:10.1016/S1573-4463(86)01006-4. ISBN 978-0-444-87856-4.
8. ^ Galor, Oded (2005). "The Demographic Transition and the Emergence of Sustained Economic Growth" (PDF). Journal of the European Economic Association. 3 (2–3): 494–504\. doi:10.1162/jeea.2005.3.2-3.494. hdl:10419/80187. JSTOR 40004992.2–3&rft.pages=494-504&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info:hdl/10419/80187&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40004992#id-name=JSTOR&rft_id=info:doi/10.1162/jeea.2005.3.2-3.494&rft.aulast=Galor&rft.aufirst=Oded&rft_id=https://economics.brown.edu/sites/g/files/dprerj726/files/papers/2004-13_paper.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Demographic+economics" class="Z3988">
9. ^ Hanushek, Eric A (1992). "The Trade-Off between Child Quantity and Quality" (PDF). Journal of Political Economy. 100 (1): 84–117\. doi:10.1086/261808. JSTOR 2138807. S2CID 154820218.
10. ^ Lehrer, Evelyn L. (1996). "Religion as a determinant of marital fertility". Journal of Population Economics. 9 (2): 173–96\. doi:10.1007/s001480050013. JSTOR 20007500. PMID 12320501. S2CID 24326107.
11. ^ Ermisch, John (2008). "Family Economics". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 260\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0550. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
12. ^ Ermisch, John (2003). An Economic Analysis of the Family. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-09667-4.[page needed]
13. ^ Becker, Gary S. (2008). "Family". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 1\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.2528. ISBN 9780333786765.
14. ^ Becker, Gary S. (1991) [1981]. A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-90698-3.[page needed]
15. ^ Becker, Gary S. (1988). "Family Economics and Macro Behavior" (PDF). American Economic Review. 78 (1): 1–13.
16. ^ Lehrer, Evelyn (2007). Religion, Economics and Demography: The Effects of Religion on Education, Work, and the Family. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-70194-5.[page needed]
17. ^ Lehrer, Evelyn L. (2004). "Religion as a Determinant of Economic and Demographic Behavior in the United States". Population and Development Review. 30 (4): 707–726\. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2004.00038.x. hdl:10419/20687. JSTOR 3657335. S2CID 4981446.
18. ^ Weiss, Yoram (2008). "Marriage and Divorce". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 347\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.1043. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
19. ^ Lehrer, Evelyn L.; Chiswick, Carmel U. (August 1993). "Religion as a Determinant of Marital Stability". Demography. 30 (3): 385–404\. doi:10.2307/2061647. JSTOR 2061647. PMID 8405605.
20. ^ de la Croix, David; Mariani, Fabio (2015-01-07). "From Polygyny to Serial Monogamy: a Unified Theory of Marriage Institutions*". The Review of Economic Studies. 82 (2): 565–607\. doi:10.1093/restud/rdv001. hdl:2078.1/110739. ISSN 0034-6527.
21. ^ Canning, David; Bloom, David E. (2008). "Population Health, Economic Implications of". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 516\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.1310. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
22. ^ Vaupel, James W.; Von Kistowski, Kristín G.; Rau, Roland (2008). "Mortality". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 781\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.1141. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
23. ^ Preston, Samuel H. (1975). "The Changing Relation between Mortality and level of Economic Development". Population Studies. 29 (2): 231–248\. doi:10.1080/00324728.1975.10410201. PMC 2572360. PMID 11630494.
24. ^ Bloom, D. E; Canning, D. (2007). "Commentary: The Preston Curve 30 years on: Still sparking fires". International Journal of Epidemiology. 36 (3): 498–9, discussion 502–3. doi:10.1093/ije/dym079. PMID 17550948.
25. ^ Kelley, AC; Schmidt, RM (1996). "Saving, dependency and development". Journal of Population Economics. 9 (4): 365–86\. doi:10.1007/BF00573070. PMID 12292225. S2CID 1440355.
26. ^ Weil, David N. (May 1999). "Population Growth, Dependency, and Consumption". The American Economic Review. 89 (2): 251–5\. doi:10.1257/aer.89.2.251. JSTOR 117115.
27. ^ Denton, Frank T.; Spencer, Byron G. (2010). "Population Aging and Its Economic Costs: A Survey of the Issues and Evidence". Canadian Journal on Aging. 19: 1–31\. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.613.1972. doi:10.1017/S071498080001463X. S2CID 79567183.
28. ^ Ioannides, Yannis M.; Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban (2008). "Urban Growth". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 544\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.1772. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
29. ^ Walker, James R. (2008). "Internal Migration". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 421\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0824. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
30. ^ Borjas, George J. (2008). "International Migration". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. p. 453\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0830. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
31. ^ Lee, Ronald D. (2008). "Population Dynamics". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 512\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.1309. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
32. ^ Galor, Oded (2008). "Human Capital, Fertility and Growth". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (PDF). London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 109\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0755. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
33. ^ Galor, Oded; Weil, David N. (September 2000). "Population, Technology, and Growth: From Malthusian Stagnation to the Demographic Transition and beyond". The American Economic Review. 90 (4): 806–28\. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.195.5342. doi:10.1257/aer.90.4.806. JSTOR 117309.
34. ^ Johnson, David Gale; Lee, Ronald Demos, eds. (1987). Population Growth and Economic Development: Issues and Evidence. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-11130-4.[page needed]
35. ^ Kelley, Allen C. (1988). "Economic Consequences of Population Change in the Third World". Journal of Economic Literature. December (4): 1685–728\. JSTOR 2726858.
36. ^ Brander, James A.; Dowrick, Steve (1994). "The role of fertility and population in economic growth". Journal of Population Economics. 7 (1): 1–25\. doi:10.1007/BF00160435. PMID 12287546. S2CID 20943767.
37. ^ Kremer, Michael (August 1993). "Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 108 (3): 681–716\. doi:10.2307/2118405. JSTOR 2118405.
38. ^ Dasgupta, Partha (December 1995). "The Population Problem: Theory and Evidence". Journal of Economic Literature. 33 (4): 1879–902\. JSTOR 2729316.
39. ^ Arrow, K.; Bolin, B.; Costanza, R.; Dasgupta, P.; Folke, C.; Holling, C. S.; Jansson, B.-O.; Levin, S.; Mäler, K.-G.; Perrings, C.; Pimentel, D. (1995). "Economic Growth, Carrying Capacity, and the Environment". Science. 268 (5210): 520–1\. Bibcode:1995Sci...268..520A. doi:10.1126/science.268.5210.520. PMID 17756719.
40. ^ Cohen, J. (1995). "Population growth and earth's human carrying capacity". Science. 269 (5222): 341–6\. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..341C. doi:10.1126/science.7618100. PMID 7618100.
41. ^ Cohen, Joel E. (1995). How Many People Can the Earth Support?. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-31495-3.[page needed]
42. ^ Currie, Janet (2008). "Child Health and Mortality". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 769\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0228. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
43. ^ National Research Council (1986). Population Growth and Economic Development: Policy Questions. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-03641-2.[page needed]
44. ^ Theodore W. Schultz, 1981. Investing in People: The Economics of Population Quality, University of California Press. Description and chapter-preview links.
45. ^ Sen, Amartya (1995). "Authoritarianism versus Cooperation" (PDF). International Lecture Series on Population Issues. John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-23. Republished as Sen, Amartya (1997). "Population policy: Authoritarianism versus cooperation". Journal of Population Economics. 10 (1): 3–22\. doi:10.1007/s001480050029. JSTOR 20007525. S2CID 154992419.
46. ^ Birdsall, Nancy; Kelley, Allen C.; Sinding, Steven W., eds. (2001). Population Matters: Demographic Change, Economic Growth, and Poverty in the Developing World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-152953-5.[page needed]
47. ^ Samuelson, Paul A. (December 1958). "An Exact Consumption-Loan Model of Interest with or without the Social Contrivance of Money". Journal of Political Economy. 66 (6): 467–82\. doi:10.1086/258100. JSTOR 1826989. S2CID 153586213.
48. ^ Gokhale, Jagadeesh (2008). "Generational Accounting". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 630\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0627. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
49. ^ Tuljapurkar, Shripad (2008). "Stable Population Theory". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 826\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.1602. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
50. ^ Greenwood, Jeremy; Seshadri, Ananth; Vandenbroucke, Guillaume (2005). "The Baby Boom and Baby Bust". American Economic Review. 95: 183–207\. doi:10.1257/0002828053828680.
51. ^ Mosk, Carl (2008). "Historical Demography". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 38\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0738. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
52. ^ Lee, Ronald D. (2008). "Demographic Transition". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 433\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0374. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
53. ^ Kip Viscusi, W. (2008). "Value of Life". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 586\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.1784. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
54. ^ Becker, Gary S; Philipson, Tomas J; Soares, Rodrigo R (2005). "The Quantity and Quality of Life and the Evolution of World Inequality". American Economic Review. 95 (1): 277–291\. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.589.702. doi:10.1257/0002828053828563. PMID 29120118. S2CID 12760521.
55. ^ Hurd, Michael (2008). "Retirement". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 130\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.1431. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
56. ^ Weil, David N. (2008). "Population Ageing". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 499\. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.1307. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
57. ^ Clark, Robert Louis; Spengler, Joseph John (1998). The Economics of Individual and Population Aging. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22883-1.[page needed]
58. ^ Blanchet, Didier; Fleurbaey, Marc (2006). "Selfishness, altruism and normative principles in the economic analysis of social transfers". Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity. Vol. 2\. p. 1465\. doi:10.1016/S1574-0714(06)02024-0. ISBN 9780444521453.
59. ^ Tomlinson, Sally (1985). "The Expansion of Special Education". Oxford Review of Education. 11 (2): 157–165\. doi:10.1080/0305498850110203. JSTOR 1050498.
60. ^ Bubolz, Margaret M.; Whiren, Alice P. (January 1984). "The Family of the Handicapped: An Ecological Model for Policy and Practice". Family Relations. 33 (1): 5–12\. doi:10.2307/584584. JSTOR 584584.
61. ^ Galor, Oded; Weil, David N. (June 1996). "The Gender Gap, Fertility, and Growth". The American Economic Review. 86 (3): 374–87\. JSTOR 2118202.
62. ^ Jacobsen, Joyce P. (2008), "gender roles and division of labour", in Durlauf, Steven N.; Blume, Lawrence E. (eds.), The new Palgrave dictionary of economics (2nd ed.), Basingstoke, Hampshire New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 582, ISBN 9780333786765. Also available online.
63. ^ Jacobsen, Joyce P. (2007). The economics of gender (3rd ed.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405161824.
64. ^ Sowell, Thomas (1975). Race and Economics. McKay.[page needed]
65. ^ Sowell, Thomas (1995). Race and Culture: A World View. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-06797-8.
66. ^ JEL classification codes#Labor and demographic economics JEL: J Subcategories.
67. ^ Labor and Demographic Economics: Demographic Economics, NBER Working Paper abstract links from the National Bureau of Economic Research.
68. ^ Assaf Razin and Efraim Sadka, 1996. Population Economics. MIT Press. Description & chapter previews.
69. ^ Rosenzweig, Mark R.; Stark, Oded (1997). "Introduction: Population and family economics". Handbook of Population and Family Economics. Vol. 1\. p. 1. doi:10.1016/S1574-003X(97)80018-9. ISBN 9780444826459.
70. ^ Search of The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online, "population OR demography".
71. ^ Of which a complete list for JEL: J with corresponding Wikipedia links is at JEL classification codes#Labor and demographic economics JEL: J Subcategories.

## References

[edit]

* John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman, ed. ([1987] 1989\. Social Economics: The New Palgrave, pp. v-vi. Arrow-page searchable links to entries for:

"Ageing Populations," pp. 1-3, by Robert L. Clark
"Declining Population," pp. 10-15, by Robin Barlow
"Demographic Transition," pp. 16-23, by Ansley J. Coale
"Extended Family," pp. 58-63, by Oliva Harris
"Family," pp. 65-76, by Gary S. Becker
"Fertility," pp.77-89, by Richard A. Easterlin
"Gender," pp. 95-108, by Francine D. Blau
"Race and Economics," pp. 215-218, by H. Stanback
"Value of Life," pp.289-76, by Thomas C. Schelling

* Nathan Keyfitz, 1987. "demography," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 1, pp. 796–802.
* T. Paul Schultz, 1981. Economics of Population. Addison-Wesley. Book review.
* John B. Shoven, ed., 2011. Demography and the Economy, University of Chicago Press. Scroll-down description[permanent dead link] and preview.
* Julian L. Simon, 1977. The Economics of Population Growth. Princeton,
* _____, [1981] 1996. The Ultimate Resource 2, rev. and expanded. Princeton. Description and preview links.
* Dennis A. Ahlburg, 1998. "Julian Simon and the Population Growth Debate," Population and Development Review, 24(2), pp. 317-327.
* M. Perlman, 1982. [Untitled review of Simon, 1977 & 1981], Population Studies, 36(3), pp. 490-494.
* Julian L. Simon, ed., 1997. The Economics Of Population: Key Modern Writings. Description.[permanent dead link]
* _____, ed., 1998. The Economics of Population: Classic Writings. Description and scroll to chapter-preview links.
* Joseph J. Spengler 1951\. "The Population Obstacle to Economic Betterment," American Economic Review, 41(2), pp. 343-354.
* _____, 1966. "The Economist and the Population Question," American Economic Review, 56(1/2), pp. 1–24.

## Journals

[edit]

* Demography – Scope and links to issue contents & abstracts.
* Journal of Population Economics – Aims and scope and 20th Anniversary statement, 2006.
* Population and Development Review – Aims and abstract & supplement links.
* Population Bulletin – Each issue on a current population topic.
* Population Studies —Aims and scope.
* Review of Economics of the Household

* v
* t
* e

Lists of countries by population statistics

Global|

* Current population
* United Nations
* Demographics of the world

Continents/subregions|

* Africa
* Antarctica
* Asia
* Europe
* North America
* Caribbean
* Oceania
* South America

Intercontinental|

* Americas
* Arab world
* Commonwealth of Nations
* Eurasia
* European Union
* Islands
* Latin America
* Middle East

Cities/urban areas|

* World cities
* National capitals
* Megacities
* Megalopolises

Past and future|

* Past and future population
* Estimates of historical world population
* Human population projections
* 1
* 1000
* 1500
* 1600
* 1700
* 1800
* 1900
* 1939
* 1989
* 2000
* 2005
* 2010
* 2015
* Population milestones

Population density|

* Current density
* Past and future population density
* Person-to-arable land ratio

Growth indicators|

* Population growth rate
* Natural increase
* Net reproduction rate
* Number of births
* Number of deaths
* Birth rate
* Mortality rate
* Fertility rate
* Past fertility rate

Life expectancy|

* World
* Africa
* Asia
* Europe
* North America
* Oceania
* South America
* world regions
* past life expectancy

Other demographics|

* Age at childbearing
* Age at first marriage
* Age structure
* Dependency ratio
* Divorce rate
* Ethnic and cultural diversity level
* Ethnic composition
* Immigrant population
* Linguistic diversity
* Median age
* Net migration rate
* Number of households
* Religion / Irreligion
* Sex ratio
* Urban population
* Urbanization

Health|

* Antidepressant consumption
* Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza
* HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
* Infant and under-five mortality rates
* Maternal mortality rate
* Obesity rate
* Percentage suffering from undernourishment
* Health expenditure by country by type of financing
* Suicide rate
* Total health expenditure per capita
* Health spending as % of GDP
* Body mass index (BMI)

Education and innovation|

* Bloomberg Innovation Index
* Education Index
* Global Innovation Index
* International Innovation Index
* Literacy rate
* Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
* Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
* Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)
* Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)
* Tertiary education attainment
* World Intellectual Property Indicators

Economic|

* Access to financial services
* Development aid donors
* Official Development Assistance received
* Employment rate
* Irrigated land area
* Human Development Index
* by country
* inequality-adjusted
* planetary pressures–adjusted HDI
* Human Poverty Index
* Imports
* Exports
* Income equality
* Labour force
* Share of income of top 1%
* Number of millionaires (US dollars)
* Number of billionaires (US dollars)
* Percentage living in poverty
* Public sector
* Unemployment rate
* Wealth inequality

* List of international rankings
* Lists by country

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template