Demographics of Bahrain

"Bahrainis" redirects here. For the indigenous inhabitants of Bahrain, see Baharna.

This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2017)

|

Demographics of Bahrain

Population| 1,472,380 (2022 est.)
Growth rate| 0.88% (2022 est.)
Birth rate| 12.4 births/1,000 population
Death rate| 2.82 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy| 79.9 years
• male| 77.63 years
• female| 82.24 years
Fertility rate| 1.67
Infant mortality rate| 10.19 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate| -0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Age structure
0–14 years| 20.13%
15–64 years| 76.71%
65 and over| 3.16%
Nationality
Nationality| Bahraini
Major ethnic| Bahraini - 46%
Language
Official| Arabic
Spoken| Arabic
Demographics of Bahrain, Data of FAO, year 2005; Number of permanent inhabitants in thousands.

The demographics of the population of Bahrain includes population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Most of the population of Bahrain is concentrated in the two principal cities, Manama and Al Muharraq.

## Ethnic groups

[edit]

Ethnic groups in Bahrain (2020)[1]

Ethnic groups |  |
Bahraini |

| 47.4%
Asian (mostly South Asia)  |

| 43.4%
other Arabs |

| 5.8%
African |

| 1.4%
European |

| 0.8%
North Americans |

| 1.1%
Others |

| 0.1%

See also: Ethnic, cultural and religious groups of Bahrain

Regarding the ethnicity of Bahrainis, a Financial Times article published on 31 May 1983 found that "Bahrain is a polyglot state, both religiously and racially. Discounting temporary immigrants of the past ten years, there are at least eight or nine communities on the island". These may be classified as:

Community | Description

|

Afro-Arabs | Descendants of Africans, primarily from East Africa and of mostly Sunni faith
Ajam of Bahrain | Lurs, Achomis, and other groups of Shia faith, a minority are from the Baháʼí Faith, Achomis and Baluchs from Sunni faith.
Baharna | The indigenous inhabitants of Bahrain. The overwhelming majority are Shia.
Banyan (Bania) | Indians who traded with Bahrain and settled before the age of oil (formerly known as the Hunood or Banyan, Arabic: البونيان), of mostly Hindu faith
Bahraini Jews | Jews have inhabited Bahrain for centuries. Most native Bahraini Jews are of Mesopotamian and Persian descent.
Hola | Sunni Arabs from Persia
Bahraini Sunni Arabs | Urbanized Sunni Bahrainis of Bedouin ancestry, such as the Utoob, Dawasir etc.

Non-nationals make up more than half of the population of Bahrain, with immigrants making up about 52.6% of the overall population.[2] Of those, the vast majority come from South and Southeast Asia: according to various media reports and government statistics dated between 2005 and 2012 roughly 350,000 Indians,[3] 150,000 Bangladeshis,[4] 110,000 Pakistanis,[5] 40,000 Filipinos,[6] and 8,000 Indonesians.[7] In 2023, about 4,000 people from the United Kingdom live in Bahrain,[8] although some estimates are double this number.[9]

[10] | Population  | Percentage

|
|

Bahraini  | 712,362  |

47.4%

Other Arabs  | 86,823  |

5.8%

African  | 21,502  |

1.4%

North American  | 16,415  |

1.1%

Asian  | 650,996  |

43.4%

European  | 11,750  |

0.8%

Others  | 1,787  |

0.1%

total  | 1,501,635  |

100%

## Population

[edit]

Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1950| 116,000| —
1960| 162,000| +39.7%
1970| 212,000| +30.9%
1980| 358,000| +68.9%
1990| 493,000| +37.7%
2000| 638,000| +29.4%
2010| 1,262,000| +97.8%
2020| 1,501,635| +19.0%
Source:[11]

### Population census

[edit]

Population of Bahrain according to nationality 1941-2010[12] census year  | Bahraini  | non-Bahraini  | total population

|
|
|

# | %  | # | %
1941  | 74,040 |

82.3%

| 15,930 |

17.7%

| 89,970
1950  | 91,179 |

83.2%

| 18,471 |

16.8%

| 109,650
1959  | 118,734 |

83.0%

| 24,401 |

17.0%

| 143,135
1965  | 143,814 |

78.9%

| 38,389 |

21.1%

| 182,203
1971  | 178,193 |

82.5%

| 37,885 |

17.5%

| 216,078
1981  | 238,420 |

68.0%

| 112,378 |

32.0%

| 350,798
1991  | 323,305 |

63.6%

| 184,732 |

36.4%

| 508,037
2001  | 405,667 |

62.4%

| 244,937 |

37.6%

| 650,604
2010  | 568,399 |

46.0%

| 666,172 |

54.0%

| 1,234,571
2020  | 712,362 |

47.4%

| 789,273 |

52.6%

| 1,501,635

### Population estimates on July 1

[edit]

[13]

[14]

| Bahraini  | Non-Bahraini  | Total  | % Non-Bahraini

|
|
|
|

2001  | 409,619  | 251,698  | 661,317  |

38.1%

2002  | 427,246  | 283,307  | 710,554  |

39.9%

2003  | 445,634  | 318,888  | 764,519  |

41.7%

2004  | 464,808  | 358,936  | 823,744  |

43.6%

2005  | 484,810  | 404,013  | 888,824  |

45.5%

2006  | 505,673  | 454,752  | 960,425  |

47.3%

2007  | 527,433  | 511,864  | 1,039,297  |

49.3%

2008  | 541,587  | 561,909  | 1,103,496  |

50.9%

2009  | 558,011  | 620,404  | 1,178,415  |

52.6%

2010  | 570,687  | 657,856  | 1,228,543  |

53.5%

2011  | 584,688  | 610,332  | 1,195,020  |

51.1%

2012  | 599,629  | 609,335  | 1,208,964  |

50.4%

2013  | 614,830  | 638,361  | 1,253,191  |

50.9%

2014  | 630,744  | 683,818  | 1,314,562  |

52.0%

2015  | 647,835  | 722,487  | 1,370,322  |

52.7%

2016  | 664,707  | 759,019  | 1,423,726  |

53.3%

2017  | 677,506  | 823,610  | 1,501,116  |

54.9%

2018  | 689,417  | 813,377  | 1,502,794  |

54.1%

2019  | 701,827  | 781,929  | 1,483,756  |

52.7%

2020  | 713,263  | 758,941  | 1,472,204  |

51.6%

2021  | 719,333  | 785,032  | 1,504,365  |

52.2%

## Vital statistics

[edit]

### UN estimates

[edit]

Period[15] | Live births per year  | Deaths per year  | Natural change per year  | CBR*  | CDR*  | NC*  | TFR*  | IMR*

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1950–1955 | 6,000 | 3,000 | 3,000 | 45.0 | 21.6 | 23.4 | 6.97 | 183
1955–1960 | 7,000 | 3,000 | 4,000 | 45.7 | 17.7 | 27.9 | 6.97 | 156
1960–1965 | 8,000 | 2,000 | 6,000 | 45.7 | 12.6 | 33.2 | 7.18 | 112
1965–1970 | 8,000 | 2,000 | 7,000 | 41.6 | 8.7 | 32.9 | 6.97 | 74
1970–1975 | 8,000 | 2,000 | 7,000 | 35.2 | 6.5 | 28.6 | 5.95 | 49
1975–1980 | 10,000 | 2,000 | 9,000 | 33.0 | 4.8 | 28.1 | 5.23 | 33
1980–1985 | 13,000 | 2,000 | 11,000 | 32.9 | 4.1 | 28.8 | 4.63 | 22
1985–1990 | 14,000 | 2,000 | 13,000 | 31.3 | 3.6 | 27.7 | 4.08 | 16
1990–1995 | 14,000 | 2,000 | 12,000 | 26.3 | 3.3 | 23.1 | 3.35 | 14
1995–2000 | 14,000 | 2,000 | 12,000 | 23.1 | 3.2 | 19.9 | 2.89 | 11
2000–2005 | 14,000 | 2,000 | 12,000 | 21.1 | 3.0 | 18.1 | 2.62 | 9
2005–2010 | 21,000 | 3,000 | 18,000 | 20.7 | 2.8 | 18.0 | 2.63 | 7
*  CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

### Registered data

[edit]

Birth registration of Bahrain is available from 1976, death registration started in 1990. Between 1976 and 2011 the number of baby births roughly doubled but the birth rate of babies decreased from 32 to 13 per 1,000. The death rate of Bahrain (1.9 per 1,000 human beings in 2011) is among the lowest in the world.

[16][17][18] | Average population  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural change  | Crude birth rate (per 1000)  | Crude death rate (per 1000)  | Natural change (per 1000)  | Total Fertility Rate per woman

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1965  |  | 5,150 |  |  |  |  |  |
1966  |  | 4,860 |  |  |  |  |  |
1967  |  | 5,179 |  |  |  |  |  |
1968  |  | 5,274 |  |  |  |  |  |
1971  |  | 6,404 |  |  |  |  |  |
1972  |  | 7,274 |  |  |  |  |  |
1973  |  | 7,679 |  |  |  |  |  |
1974  |  | 7,612 |  |  |  |  |  |
1975  |  | 7,767 |  |  |  |  |  |
1976  | 282,000  | 8,984 |  |  | 31.8 |  |  |
1977  | 302,000  | 9,058 | 872 | 8,186  | 30.0 | 2.9 | 27.1 |
1978  | 322,000  | 9,398 | 1,002 | 8,396  | 29.2 | 3.1 | 26.1 |
1979  | 341,000  | 9,664 | 1,037 | 8,627  | 28.3 | 3.0 | 25.3 |
1980  | 358,000  | 10,140 | 1,085 | 9,055  | 28.3 | 3.0 | 25.3 |
1981  | 372,000  | 10,300 | 1,065 | 9,235  | 27.7 | 2.9 | 24.8 |
1982  | 384,000  | 11,037 | 1,119 | 9,918  | 28.8 | 2.9 | 25.9 |
1983  | 394,000  | 11,431 | 1,064 | 10,367  | 29.0 | 2.7 | 26.3 |
1984  | 405,000  | 11,519 | 1,303 | 10,216  | 28.5 | 3.2 | 25.3 |
1985  | 417,000  | 12,314 | 1,212 | 11,102  | 29.5 | 2.9 | 26.6 |
1986  | 431,000  | 12,893 | 1,423 | 11,470  | 29.9 | 3.3 | 26.6 |
1987  | 446,000  | 12,699 | 1,584 | 11,115  | 28.5 | 3.6 | 24.9 |
1988  | 462,000  | 12,555 | 1,523 | 11,032  | 27.2 | 3.3 | 23.9 |
1989  | 478,000  | 13,611 | 1,551 | 12,060  | 28.5 | 3.2 | 25.3 |
1990  | 493,000  | 13,370 | 1,552 | 11,818  | 27.1 | 3.1 | 24.0 |
1991  | 503,052  | 13,229 | 1,744 | 11,485  | 26.1 | 3.4 | 22.7 |
1992  | 516,458  | 13,874 | 1,760 | 12,114  | 26.7 | 3.4 | 23.3 |
1993  | 530,225  | 14,191 | 1,714 | 12,477  | 26.7 | 3.2 | 23.5 |
1994  | 544,366  | 13,766 | 1,695 | 12,071  | 25.2 | 3.1 | 22.1 |
1995  | 558,879  | 13,481 | 1,910 | 11,571  | 24.1 | 3.4 | 20.7 |
1996  | 573,792  | 13,123 | 1,780 | 11,343  | 22.8 | 3.1 | 19.7 |
1997  | 589,115  | 13,382 | 1,822 | 11,560  | 22.6 | 3.1 | 19.5 |
1998  | 604,842  | 13,381 | 1,997 | 11,384  | 21.9 | 3.3 | 18.6 |
1999  | 620,989  | 14,280 | 1,920 | 12,360  | 22.8 | 3.1 | 19.7 | 2.900
2000  | 637,582  | 13,947 | 2,045 | 11,902  | 21.9 | 3.2 | 18.7 | 2.800
2001  | 661,317  | 13,468 | 1,979 | 11,489  | 21.0 | 3.1 | 17.9 | 2.600
2002  | 710,554  | 13,576 | 2,035 | 11,541  | 21.1 | 3.2 | 17.9 | 2.400
2003  | 764,519  | 14,560 | 2,114 | 12,446  | 22.5 | 3.3 | 19.2 | 2.400
2004  | 823,744  | 14,968 | 2,215 | 12,753  | 22.3 | 3.3 | 19.0 | 2.300
2005  | 888,824  | 15,198 | 2,222 | 12,976  | 21.0 | 3.1 | 17.9 | 2.100
2006  | 960,425  | 15,053 | 2,317 | 12,736  | 18.6 | 2.9 | 15.7 | 2.000
2007  | 1,039,297  | 16,062 | 2,270 | 13,792  | 17.4 | 2.5 | 14.9 | 1.964
2008  | 1,103,496  | 17,022 | 2,390 | 14,632  | 16.2 | 2.3 | 13.9 | 1.968
2009  | 1,178,415  | 17,841 | 2,387 | 15,454  | 15.1 | 2.0 | 13.1 | 1.951
2010  | 1,228,543  | 18,150 | 2,401 | 15,749  | 14.8 | 2.0 | 12.8 | 1.877
2011  | 1,195,020  | 17,573 | 2,528 | 15,045  | 14.7 | 2.1 | 12.6 | 1.967
2012  | 1,208,964  | 19,119 | 2,613 | 16,506  | 15.8 | 2.2 | 13.6 | 2.134
2013  | 1,253,191  | 19,995 | 2,588 | 17,407  | 16.0 | 2.1 | 13.9 | 2.157
2014  | 1,314,562  | 20,931 | 2,805 | 18,126  | 15.9 | 2.1 | 13.8 | 2.108
2015  | 1,370,322  | 20,983 | 2,787 | 18,196  | 15.3 | 2.1 | 13.2 | 2.093
2016  | 1,423,726  | 20,714 | 2,858 | 17,856  | 14.5 | 2.0 | 12.5 | 1.984
2017  | 1,501,116  | 20,581 | 2,902 | 17,679  | 13.7 | 1.9 | 11.8 | 1.945
2018  | 1,503,091  | 19,740 | 3,052 | 16,668  | 13.1 | 2.0 | 11.1 | 1.838
2019  | 1,483,756  | 18,611 | 3,010 | 15,601  | 12.5 | 2.0 | 10.5 | 1.744
2020  | 1,472,204  | 18,042 | 3,488 | 14,554  | 12.3 | 2.4 | 9.9 | 1.846
2021  | 1,504,365  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2022  | 1,524,693  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023  | 1,577,059  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Structure of the population

[edit]

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 17.III.2020):[10][19]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total

|
|
|

#  | %
Total  | 942,895  | 558,740  | 1,501,635  |

100%

0-4  | 52,591  | 51,012  | 103,603  |

6.90%

5-9  | 53,578  | 51,416  | 104,994  |

6.99%

10-14  | 47,812  | 45,864  | 93,676  |

6.24%

15-19  | 41,062  | 38,276  | 79,338  |

5.28%

20-24  | 60,706  | 40,725  | 101,431  |

6.75%

25-29  | 101,401  | 54,679  | 156,080  |

10.39%

30-34  | 154,215  | 57,757  | 211,972  |

14.12%

35-39  | 134,083  | 51,794  | 185,877  |

12.38%

40-44  | 95,104  | 44,385  | 139,489  |

9.29%

45-49  | 70,467  | 33,509  | 103,976  |

6.92%

50-54  | 49,621  | 27,786  | 77,407  |

5.15%

55-59  | 34,498  | 23,095  | 57,593  |

3.84%

60-64  | 22,418  | 16,353  | 38,771  |

2.58%

65-69  | 12,499  | 9,200  | 16,877  |

1.44%

70-74  | 6,184  | 5,177  | 11,361  |

0.76%

75-79  | 3,216  | 3,363  | 6,579  |

0.44%

80-84  | 2,002  | 2,452  | 4,454  |

0.30%

85+  | 1,438  | 1,897  | 3,335  |

0.22%

Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total
0-14  | 153,981  | 148,292  | 302,273  |

20.13%

15-64  | 763,575  | 388,359  | 1,151,934  |

76.71%

65+  | 25,339  | 22,089  | 47,428  |

3.16%

### Life expectancy

[edit]

Period  | Life expectancy in
Years  | Period  | Life expectancy in
Years

|
|
|

1950–1955  | 43.0  | 1985–1990  | 71.8
1955–1960  | 48.5  | 1990–1995  | 72.9
1960–1965  | 55.3  | 1995–2000  | 73.9
1965–1970  | 61.1  | 2000–2005  | 74.9
1970–1975  | 65.4  | 2005–2010  | 75.7
1975–1980  | 68.3  | 2010–2015  | 76.4
1980–1985  | 70.5  |  |

Source: UN World Population Prospects[20]

## Genetics

[edit]

See also: Genetic history of the Middle East, Demographics of Iran § Genetics, and Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

### Haplogroups

[edit]

#### Y-chromosome DNA

[edit]

Proportions of predicted Y-DNA haplogroups observed in the four governorates of Bahrain (Study of 2020)

Y-Chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) represents the male lineage. In 2020, a study was made on 562 unrelated Bahraini males.[21] Paternal population structure within Bahrain was investigated using the 27 Y-STRs (short tandem repeats) in the Yfiler Plus kit to generate haplotypes from 562 unrelated Bahraini males, sub-divided into four geographical regions—Northern, Capital, Southern and Muharraq.[21]

Haplogroup prediction indicated diverse origins of the population with a predominance of haplogroups J2 and J1, but also haplogroups such as B2 and E1b1a likely originating in Africa, and H, L and R2 likely indicative of migration from South Asia.[21] Haplogroup frequencies differed significantly between regions, with J2 significantly more common in the Northern region compared with the Southern, possibly due to differential settlement by Baharna, Ajams and Arabs.[21]

reach of Haplotype J2

Haplogroup prediction suggests that haplogroup J2 is the most common in the Bahraini population (It is thought that J-M172 may have originated in the Caucasus, Anatolia or Western Iran) encompassing 27.6% of the sample, followed by J1 (23.0%), E1b1a (8.9%), E1b1a (8.6%) and R1a (8.4%), with other predicted haplogroups (G, T, L, R1b, Q, R2, B2, E2, H and C) occurring at progressively lower frequencies.[21]

Spread of Haplotype J1

Haplogroup J1 is most frequent in the Southern Governorate (27%) where the highest proportion of Arabs live, and in the Muharraq Governorate (27%) where many migrant Huwala Arabs resettled, and it declines to its lowest frequency in the Northern and Capital Governorates (21% and 19%).[21]

By contrast, the Northern and Capital Governorates where the Baharna and Ajam are most represented show higher frequencies of haplogroup J2 (34% and 31%) than in Muharraq and the Southern Governorate (both 17%).[21]

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in Bahrain

See also: Freedom of religion in Bahrain and Islam in Bahrain

[10] | Men  | Women  | Total  | Bahraini  | Non-Bahraini

|
|
|
|
|

Muslims  | 674,329  | 437,204  | 1,111,533  | 710,067  | 401,466
Others  | 268,566  | 121,536  | 390,102  | 2,295  | 387,807
Total  | 942,895  | 558,740  | 1,501,635  | 712,362  | 789,273
Muslim %  |  |  | 74.0%  | 99.7%  | 50.9%

Islam is the official religion forming 74% of the population.[10] Current census data does not differentiate between the other religions in Bahrain, but in 2022, the country was approximately 12%[22] Christian and had about 40[22][23] Jewish citizens.

According to the website of Ministry of Information Affairs, 74% of the population are Muslim, with Christians being the second largest religious group, forming 10.2% of the population, Jews making up 0.21%. The percentage of local Bahraini Christians, Jews, Hindus and Baha’is is collectively 0.2%.[24][10]

Bahraini citizens of Muslim faith belong to the Shi'a and Sunni branches of Islam. The last official census (1941) to include sectarian identification reported 52% (88,298 citizens) as Shia and 48% as Sunni of the Muslim population.[25] Unofficial sources, such as the Library of Congress Country Studies,[26] and The New York Times,[27] estimate sectarian identification to be approximately 45% Sunni and 55% Shia. An official Bahraini document revealed that 51% of the country's citizens are Sunnis, while the Shiite population has declined to 49% of the Muslim population.[28]

Foreigners, overwhelmingly from South Asia and other Arab countries, constituted 52.6% of the population in 2020.[10] Of these, 50.9% are Muslim and 49.1% are non-Muslim,[10] including Christians (primarily: Catholic, Protestant, Syriac Orthodox, and Mar Thoma from South India), Hindus, Buddhists, Baháʼís, and Sikhs.

## Languages

[edit]

* Arabic
* English
* Persian
* Kurdish
* Malayalam
* Urdu
* Balochi
* Konkani
* Hindi
* Sinhalese
* Tamil
* Punjabi
* Bengali
* Armenian
* Filipino
* Italian
* Spanish

## See also

[edit]

* Bahranis

## References

[edit]

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ "Middle East: Bahrain". CIA The World Factbook. 23 April 2022.
2. ^ "Bahrain". Central Intelligence Agency. September 27, 2021 - via CIA.gov.
3. ^ "Information Wing: Indian Community". eoi.gov.in. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
4. ^ "Relation". Embassy of Bangladesh in Bahrain. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
5. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.mofa.gov.pk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
6. ^ Hampton, Maricar (6 July 2012). "Filipinos etching credible mark in Bahrain". FilAm Star. Retrieved 6 January 2013.[permanent dead link]
7. ^ "Indonesians encouraged", Gulf Daily News, 2007-08-07, archived from the original on 2011-06-08, retrieved 2009-05-12
8. ^ UK Government website, Retrieved 2023-08-01
9. ^ British Expat Guide website, Retrieved 2023-08-01
10. ^ a b c d e f g "Kingdom of Bahrain Open Data Portal: Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-05-02. Retrieved 2021-05-02.
11. ^ "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
12. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.moh.gov.bh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
13. ^ Sources: Bahrain Central Informatics Organization, population estimate July 1 of each year Archived 2008-10-30 at the Wayback Machine, and for 2008, 2009 Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
14. ^ "Sources: Bahrain Information and eGovernment Authority, Bahrain Open Data Portal, population estimate July 1 of each year". Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
15. ^ "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". Archived from the original on 2011-05-06. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
16. ^ [1] Archived 2013-05-03 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Health Statistics
17. ^ "Live births, deaths, and infant deaths, latest available year (2002–2016)" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2 January 2018.
18. ^ United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
19. ^ "UNSD - Demographic and Social Statistics".
20. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
21. ^ a b c d e f g Al-Snan, Noora R.; Messaoudi, Safia A.; Khubrani, Yahya M.; Wetton, Jon H.; Jobling, Mark A.; Bakhiet, Moiz (2020). "Geographical structuring and low diversity of paternal lineages in Bahrain shown by analysis of 27 Y-STRs". Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 295 (6): 1315–1324. doi:10.1007/s00438-020-01696-4. ISSN 1617-4615. PMC 7524810. PMID 32588126. This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
22. ^ a b US State Dept 2022 report
23. ^ "Low profile but welcome: a Jewish outpost in the Gulf". Independent. 2 Nov 2007. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
24. ^ "Population and Demographics - Ministry of Information Affairs | Kingdom of Bahrain". Archived from the original on 2020-11-10. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
25. ^ Qubain, Fahim Issa (1955) “Social Classes and Tensions in Bahrain.” The Middle East Journal 9, no. 3: 269–280, p. 270
26. ^ Bahrain Country Study Library of Congress
27. ^ 1981 Plot in Bahrain linked to Iranians New York Times, 25 July 1982, retrieved 20 June 2018
28. ^ Al Jazeera: وثيقة بحرينية: الشيعة أقل من النصف, 1973, retrieved 14 February 2021

### Sources

[edit]

This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2006 edition.)

* 2003 U.S. Department of State website

* v
* t
* e

Demographics of Bahrain

Religions|

* Islam
* Hinduism
* Christianity
* Catholic Church
* Jews

Ethnic groups|

* Arabs
* Bahrainis
* Bahraini Sunni Arabs
* Persians
* Larestani
* Ajam

Foreign nationals|

* Filipinos
* Indians
* Pakistanis

* v
* t
* e

Bahrain articles

History|

* Dilmun
* Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami
* Antonio Correia
* 1717 Omani invasion
* History of Bahrain (1783–1971)
* Bani Utbah invasion
* Administrative reforms of the 1920s
* First Oil Well
* National Union Committee
* March Intifada
* 1990s uprising
* 2000s
* 2011 uprising

Geography|

* Administrative divisions
* Buildings
* Climate
* Cities
* Extreme points
* Governorates
* Islands
* Wildlife

Politics|

* Cabinet
* Constitution
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Human rights
* LGBT
* Women
* LGBT history
* King
* Law enforcement
* Military
* Opposition
* Political parties
* Prime Minister
* Visa policy

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Bahraini dinar (currency)
* Communications
* Companies
* Tourism
* Transport
* Stock exchange
* Central Bank

Culture|

* Cuisine
* Education
* Flag
* Polygamy
* Public holidays
* Sport
* Internet
* Media
* Art
* Cinema
* Theatre
* Literature
* Newspaper
* Music
* National Anthem
* Radio
* Television

Demographics|

* Ethnic groups
* Languages
* Religion
* Freedom of religion

* Outline
* Index

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Bahrain

Official language|

* Arabic (Bahrani, Gulf)

Semiofficial language|

* English

Minority languages|

* Armenian
* Balochi
* Hindi
* Malayalam (Indians)
* Pashto
* Persian (Ajams)
* Punjabi
* Tamil
* Telugu
* Urdu

Sign languages|

* Arabic Sign Language

* v
* t
* e

Demographics of Asia

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* East Timor (Timor-Leste)
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
* Asia portal

* v
* t
* e

Ethnic groups in Asia

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* East Timor (Timor-Leste)
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
* Asia portal

*[Pop.]: Population
*[±%]: Percent change
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template