Demographics of Belgium

Demographics of the Kingdom of Belgium

Population pyramid of Belgium in 2022

Population| 11,763,650 (January 2024) 82nd
Growth rate| 0.54% (2021 est.)
Birth rate| 9.4 births/1,000 population (2023)
Death rate| 9.8 deaths/1,000 population (2021)
Life expectancy| 82.28 years (2023 est.)[1]
• male| 80.18 years (2023)[1]
• female| 84.30 years (2023)[1]
Fertility rate|  1.47 children born/woman (2023)[2]
Infant mortality rate| 3.24 (2021 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years| 16.1% (male 857,373/female 822,303)
15–64 years| 66.3% (male 3,480,072/female 3,419,721)
65 and over| 17.6% (male 760,390/female 1,074,477) (2009 est.)
Sex ratio
At birth| 1.04 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Under 15| 1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years| 1.02 male(s)/female
65 and over| 0.72 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality| noun: Belgian(s) adjective: Belgian
Major ethnic| 43.6% Flemish, 28.0% Walloon, 71.6% Belgians
Minor ethnic| Italians (4.2%), Moroccans (3.7%), French people (3.2%), Turkish people (2.0%), Dutch people (1.9%), Arabs (1.9%), Romanians (1.7%), Poles (1.5%), Spaniards (1.3%), Germans (1.2%), Congolese (1.2%), Portuguese people (1.1%), Syrians (1%), Afghans (0.9%), Ukrainians (0.8%)
Language
Spoken| Dutch, French, German
Population density in Belgium by arrondissement

Demographic features of the population of Belgium include ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects. All figures are from the National Institute for Statistics unless otherwise indicated.[3]

## Population

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Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

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1000 | 400,000| —
1100 | 600,000| +0.41%
1200 | 900,000| +0.41%
1300 | 1,250,000| +0.33%
1400 | 800,000| −0.45%
1500 | 1,250,000| +0.45%
1600 | 1,500,000| +0.18%
1700 | 1,750,000| +0.15%
1800 | 3,500,000| +0.70%
1846 | 4,337,196| +0.47%
1856 | 4,529,460| +0.43%
1866 | 4,827,833| +0.64%
1876 | 5,336,185| +1.01%
1880 | 5,520,009| +0.85%
1890 | 6,069,321| +0.95%
1900 | 6,693,548| +0.98%
1910 | 7,423,784| +1.04%
1920 | 7,465,782| +0.06%
1930 | 8,092,004| +0.81%
1947 | 8,512,195| +0.30%
1961 | 9,189,741| +0.55%
1970 | 9,650,944| +0.55%
1981 | 9,848,647| +0.18%
1991 | 9,978,681| +0.13%
2001 | 10,296,350| +0.31%
2011 | 11,000,638| +0.66%
2021 | 11,521,238| +0.46%
Source: Our World in Data[4] Statistics Belgium, 2018[5]

As of January 1, 2024, Belgium had a population of 11,763,650 and is the 81st most populous country in the world. The population of Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels on January 1, 2024 was 6,821,770 (58.0% of Belgium), 3,692,283 (31.4% of Belgium) and 1,249,597 (10.6% of Belgium), respectively. The population density of Belgium is 383/km2 (990/sq mi) as of January 1, 2024, making it the 38th most densely populated country in the world, and the 7th most densely populated country in Europe. The most densely populated province is Antwerp, the least densely populated province is Luxembourg.[6]

As of January 1, 2020, Belgium had a population of 11,492,641, as compared to 2010 (10,839,905 people) an increase of about 653,000. 2010 compared to 2000 (10,239,085 people), an increase of about 601,000 people. 2000 compared to 1990 (9,947,782 people), an increase of about 291,000 people.

The following demographic statistics are from the World Population Review in 2019.[7]

Historic population development of Belgium

* One birth every 4 minutes
* One death every 5 minutes
* One net migrant every 12 minutes
* Net gain of one person every 9 minutes

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### Fertility

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The total fertility rate (TFR) gradually increased during the last decade from 1.60 in 1997, 1.65 in 2002 and 1.82 in 2007. The rates in Brussels are higher than the national average (1.79 in 1997, 1.93 in 2002 and 2.09 in 2007), while they are below the average in Flanders (1.54 in 1997, 1.56 in 2002 and 1.77 in 2007), due to the higher percentage of non-European immigrants with higher birth rates in Brussels.[9]

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[10]

Years | 1830 | 1831 | 1832 | 1833 | 1834 | 1835 | 1836 | 1837 | 1838 | 1839 | 1840[10]

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Total Fertility Rate in Belgium | 4.72 | 4.77 | 4.82 | 4.87 | 4.92 | 4.97 | 4.97 | 4.98 | 4.98 | 4.99 | 5
Years | 1841 | 1842 | 1843 | 1844 | 1845 | 1846 | 1847 | 1848 | 1849 | 1850[10]

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Total Fertility Rate in Belgium | 4.94 | 4.88 | 4.82 | 4.76 | 4.7 | 4.64 | 4.58 | 4.51 | 4.45 | 4.38
Years | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860[10]

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Total Fertility Rate in Belgium | 4.32 | 4.25 | 4.18 | 4.25 | 4.31 | 4.38 | 4.44 | 4.51 | 4.53 | 4.56
Years | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870[10]

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Total Fertility Rate in Belgium | 4.58 | 4.61 | 4.63 | 4.66 | 4.68 | 4.71 | 4.73 | 4.76 | 4.78 | 4.8
Years | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880[10]

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Total Fertility Rate in Belgium | 4.83 | 4.85 | 4.87 | 4.85 | 4.83 | 4.82 | 4.8 | 4.78 | 4.75 | 4.71
Years | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890[10]

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Total Fertility Rate in Belgium | 4.68 | 4.64 | 4.61 | 4.55 | 4.49 | 4.42 | 4.36 | 4.3 | 4.27 | 4.25
Years | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899[10]

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Total Fertility Rate in Belgium | 4.22 | 4.2 | 4.17 | 4.13 | 4.09 | 4.06 | 4.02 | 3.98 | 3.91

Total fertility rate; 1.71 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 160st

Birth rate; 11.03 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 175st

Mother's mean age at first birth; 29 years (2018 est.)

### Life expectancy

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According to estimation of the Statistics Belgium (Statbel), life expectancy at birth in Belgium in 2023 was 82.28 years (80.18 years for male and 84.30 years for female).[11][12]

According to alternative estimation of the World Bank Group, in 2023 life expectancy in Belgium was 82.4 years (80.3 for male, 84.6 for female).[13]

Estimation of the United Nations for 2023: 82.11 years total (79.86 for male, 84.33 for female).[14]

Estimation of Eurostat for 2023: 82.5 years total (80.4 for male, 84.5 for female).[15][16]

According to estimation of the WHO for 2019, at that year life expectancy in Belgium was 81.4 years (79.3 years for male and 83.5 years for female). And healthy life expectancy was 70.6 years (69.8 years for male and 71.3 years for female).[17]

In 2021-2023 period, the difference in life expectancy between the most prosperous and disadvantaged provinces was 4.09 years. In 2020-2022, this difference was 4.23 years.[11][12]

#### Statistics by province

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Belgium is administratively divided into 3 regions: Flemish Region, Walloon Region and a separate Brussels Capital Region. In turn, Flemish and Walloon regions are divided into five provinces each. The table below contains average values for 3-year periods. The values are rounded, all calculations were done on raw data. The sorting of provinces by total life expectancy for both periods is the same.
Data source: Statistics Belgium[11][12]

Administrative division of Belgium province
or region | 2020-2022  | change | 2021-2023

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overall | male  | female  | F Δ M | overall  | male  | female  | F Δ M
Belgium on average | 81.38 | 79.10 | 83.62 | 4.52 | 0.50 | 81.87 | 79.66 | 84.04 | 4.38
Flemish Brabant | 82.93 | 80.81 | 84.99 | 4.18 | 0.44 | 83.37 | 81.29 | 85.37 | 4.08
Walloon Brabant | 82.48 | 80.28 | 84.52 | 4.25 | 0.44 | 82.92 | 80.74 | 84.93 | 4.19
Limburg | 82.46 | 80.53 | 84.41 | 3.88 | 0.37 | 82.83 | 80.92 | 84.74 | 3.83
Antwerp | 82.34 | 80.44 | 84.23 | 3.79 | 0.46 | 82.80 | 80.95 | 84.60 | 3.65
West Flanders | 82.29 | 80.04 | 84.57 | 4.53 | 0.40 | 82.69 | 80.48 | 84.91 | 4.44
East Flanders | 82.19 | 79.99 | 84.36 | 4.37 | 0.31 | 82.50 | 80.34 | 84.62 | 4.28
Brussels | 80.82 | 78.19 | 83.27 | 5.08 | 0.86 | 81.68 | 79.13 | 84.01 | 4.88
Belgian Luxembourg | 80.07 | 77.56 | 82.67 | 5.11 | 0.25 | 80.32 | 77.78 | 82.91 | 5.14
Namur | 79.78 | 77.17 | 82.39 | 5.22 | 0.52 | 80.30 | 77.87 | 82.66 | 4.79
Liège | 79.49 | 77.13 | 81.83 | 4.71 | 0.75 | 80.24 | 77.99 | 82.42 | 4.44
Hainaut | 78.70 | 75.87 | 81.48 | 5.61 | 0.58 | 79.28 | 76.48 | 82.00 | 5.52
Flanders on average | 82.43 | 80.35 | 84.50 | 4.15 | 0.39 | 82.82 | 80.78 | 84.83 | 4.05
Wallonia on average | 79.61 | 77.04 | 82.14 | 5.11 | 0.57 | 80.18 | 77.68 | 82.61 | 4.93

Life expectancy in Belgian provinces in 2020-2022 and in 2021-2023, according to Statistics Belgium[11][12] (legends on the maps are identical)

#### Statistics by region

[edit]

Region | 2023  | Historical data  | Recovery from
COVID-19:
2019→2023

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All  | Male  | Female  | Sex
gap | 2019  | 2019
→2020 | 2020  | 2020
→2021  | 2021  | 2021
→2022  | 2022  | 2022
→2023  | 2023
Flanders | 83.17 | 81.26 | 85.03 | 3.77 | 82.70 | −0.70 | 82.00 | 0.68 | 82.68 | −0.06 | 82.62 | 0.55 | 83.17 | 0.47
Belgium | 82.28 | 80.18 | 84.30 | 4.12 | 81.83 | −1.04 | 80.79 | 0.86 | 81.65 | 0.04 | 81.69 | 0.59 | 82.28 | 0.45
Brussels | 82.18 | 79.73 | 84.41 | 4.68 | 81.59 | −1.98 | 79.61 | 1.67 | 81.28 | 0.31 | 81.58 | 0.59 | 82.18 | 0.59
Wallonia | 80.64 | 78.25 | 82.94 | 4.69 | 80.28 | −1.33 | 78.94 | 0.93 | 79.87 | 0.14 | 80.02 | 0.63 | 80.64 | 0.37

Data source: Statistics Belgium[11][12]

#### Historical data

[edit]

Life expectancy in Belgium since 1841 Life expectancy in Belgium since 1960 by gender

Sources: Our World In Data and the United Nations.

1841–1950

Years  | 1841  | 1842  | 1843  | 1844  | 1845  | 1846  | 1847  | 1848  | 1849  | 1850[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 40.3  | 38.6  | 40.4  | 41.9  | 41.0  | 37.8  | 35.1  | 38.0  | 35.0  | 42.3
Years  | 1851  | 1852  | 1853  | 1854  | 1855  | 1856  | 1857  | 1858  | 1859  | 1860[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 41.9  | 41.8  | 41.3  | 39.7  | 37.4  | 40.9  | 40.4  | 40.1  | 38.9  | 45.1
Years  | 1861  | 1862  | 1863  | 1864  | 1865  | 1866  | 1867  | 1868  | 1869  | 1870[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 41.2  | 43.1  | 41.3  | 39.8  | 37.7  | 32.4  | 43.0  | 42.5  | 42.6  | 40.9
Years  | 1871  | 1872  | 1873  | 1874  | 1875  | 1876  | 1877  | 1878  | 1879  | 1880[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 34.3  | 40.0  | 43.5  | 44.7  | 42.1  | 43.7  | 44.5  | 44.2  | 43.8  | 42.4
Years  | 1881  | 1882  | 1883  | 1884  | 1885  | 1886  | 1887  | 1888  | 1889  | 1890[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 44.4  | 45.5  | 44.9  | 44.2  | 45.4  | 43.3  | 46.0  | 44.9  | 45.0  | 44.1
Years  | 1891  | 1892  | 1893  | 1894  | 1895  | 1896  | 1897  | 1898  | 1899  | 1900[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 44.0  | 43.1  | 44.4  | 46.6  | 45.4  | 48.0  | 48.8  | 48.1  | 46.5  | 46.5
Years  | 1901  | 1902  | 1903  | 1904  | 1905  | 1906  | 1907  | 1908  | 1909  | 1910[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 49.4  | 49.1  | 49.2  | 49.3  | 49.9  | 49.6  | 51.0  | 49.6  | 50.6  | 51.3
Years  | 1911  | 1912  | 1913  | 1919  | 1920[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 49.2  | 52.3  | 52.4  | 49.8  | 53.6
Years  | 1921  | 1922  | 1923  | 1924  | 1925  | 1926  | 1927  | 1928  | 1929  | 1930[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 54.7  | 55.1  | 56.7  | 57.4  | 57.1  | 56.9  | 57.1  | 57.4  | 55.0  | 57.1
Years  | 1931  | 1932  | 1933  | 1934  | 1935  | 1936  | 1937  | 1938  | 1939  | 1940[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 58.4  | 58.5  | 58.7  | 60.3  | 59.9  | 59.9  | 60.0  | 60.1  | 60.0  | 55.9
Years  | 1941  | 1942  | 1943  | 1944  | 1945  | 1946  | 1947  | 1948  | 1949  | 1950[18]

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Life expectancy in Belgium  | 58.9  | 59.1  | 60.3  | 56.9  | 58.4  | 61.9  | 63.4  | 64.9  | 65.4  | 66.3

1950–2015

Period  | Life expectancy in
Years  | Period  | Life expectancy in
Years

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1950–1955  | 67.8  | 1985–1990  | 75.3
1955–1960  | 69.5  | 1990–1995  | 76.4
1960–1965  | 70.3  | 1995–2000  | 77.4
1965–1970  | 70.7  | 2000–2005  | 78.4
1970–1975  | 71.5  | 2005–2010  | 79.6
1975–1980  | 72.7  | 2010–2015  | 80.5
1980–1985  | 73.9  | 2015–2020  | 81.44

### Age structure

[edit]

Population pyramid of Belgium from 1950 to 2020

0–14 years: 17.22% (male 1,033,383/female 984,624)
15–24 years: 11.2% (male 670,724/female 642,145)
25–54 years: 39.23% (male 2,319,777/female 2,278,450)
55–64 years: 13.14% (male 764,902/female 775,454)
65 years and over: 19.21% (male 988,148/female 1,263,109)

Median age in 2020 (estimation); total: 41.6 years.

male: 40.4 years
female: 42.8 years

### Density

[edit]

Urbanization; urban population: 98.1% of total population (2020)

rate of urbanization: 0.62% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

## Vital statistics

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Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate since 1950, United Nations estimates

Note: Territorial changes in East-Belgium occurred in 1925, 1940 and 1944.

| Average population (January 1)  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural change  | Crude birth rate (per 1,000)  | Crude death rate (per 1,000)  | Natural change (per 1,000)  | Crude migration change (per 1,000)  | Total fertility rates[fn 1][10][19]

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1900  | 6,719,000  | 193,230  | 126,633  | 66,597  | 28.8  | 18.8  | 9.9  | −5.7  | 3.84
1901  | 6,747,000  | 199,068  | 113,136  | 85,932  | 29.5  | 16.8  | 12.7  | 2.3  | 3.79
1902  | 6,848,000  | 195,076  | 116,075  | 79,001  | 28.5  | 17.0  | 11.5  | 2.1  | 3.73
1903  | 6,941,000  | 191,563  | 115,884  | 75,679  | 27.6  | 16.7  | 10.9  | 1.9  | 3.68
1904  | 7,030,000  | 191,067  | 117,097  | 73,970  | 27.2  | 16.7  | 10.5  | 2.0  | 3.63
1905  | 7,118,000  | 186,665  | 115,486  | 71,179  | 26.2  | 16.2  | 10.0  | 1.5  | 3.57
1906  | 7,200,000  | 185,508  | 115,514  | 69,994  | 25.8  | 16.0  | 9.7  | 1.1  | 3.52
1907  | 7,278,000  | 184,371  | 112,656  | 71,715  | 25.3  | 15.5  | 9.9  | 0.3  | 3.47
1908  | 7,352,000  | 183,046  | 118,997  | 64,049  | 24.9  | 16.2  | 8.7  | 0.4  | 3.42
1909  | 7,419,000  | 175,714  | 115,027  | 60,687  | 23.7  | 15.5  | 8.2  | −5.6  | 3.95
1910  | 7,438,000  | 175,768  | 110,403  | 65,365  | 23.6  | 14.8  | 8.8  | −6.2  | 3.31
1911  | 7,457,000  | 171,029  | 119,896  | 51,133  | 22.9  | 16.1  | 6.9  | 3.0  | 3.26
1912  | 7,531,000  | 170,465  | 109,405  | 61,060  | 22.6  | 14.5  | 8.1  | 1.7  | 3.2
1913  | 7,605,000  | 170,102  | 108,296  | 61,806  | 22.4  | 14.2  | 8.1  | -0.6  | 3.15
1914  | 7,662,000  | 156,389  | 108,720  | 47,669  | 20.4  | 14.2  | 6.2  | −1.6  | 3.22
1915  | 7,697,000  | 124,291  | 100,674  | 23,617  | 16.1  | 13.1  | 3.1  | −2.6  | 3.04
1916  | 7,701,000  | 99,360  | 101,044  | −1,684  | 12.9  | 13.1  | −0.2  | −4.2  | 2.99
1917  | 7,667,000  | 86,675  | 124,824  | −38,149  | 11.3  | 16.3  | −5.0  | −3.9  | 2.94
1918  | 7,599,000  | 85,056  | 157,340  | −72,284  | 11.2  | 20.7  | −9.5  | 5.2  | 2.89
1919  | 7,566,000  | 128,236  | 112,986  | 15,250  | 16.9  | 14.9  | 2.0  | −11.9  | 2.87
1920  | 7,491,000  | 164,257  | 102,706  | 61,551  | 21.9  | 13.7  | 8.2  | −14.5  | 2.78
1921  | 7,444,000  | 162,401  | 100,468  | 61,933  | 21.8  | 13.5  | 8.3  | 0.7  | 2.73
1922  | 7,511,000  | 152,779  | 104,155  | 48,624  | 20.3  | 13.9  | 6.5  | 1.8  | 2.67
1923  | 7,573,000  | 156,005  | 99,113  | 56,892  | 20.6  | 13.1  | 7.5  | 2.1  | 2.62
1924  | 7,646,000  | 153,387  | 98,332  | 55,055  | 20.1  | 12.9  | 7.2  | 6.1  | 2.57
1925  | 7,748,000  | 153,190  | 99,569  | 53,621  | 19.8  | 12.9  | 6.9  | 5.4  | 2.51
1926  | 7,843,000  | 148,840  | 101,018  | 47,822  | 19.0  | 12.9  | 6.1  | 1.6  | 2.46
1927  | 7,903,000  | 144,211  | 103,007  | 41,204  | 18.2  | 13.0  | 5.2  | 3.0  | 2.41
1928  | 7,968,000  | 145,953  | 102,270  | 43,683  | 18.3  | 12.8  | 5.5  | 2.5  | 2.36
1929  | 8,032,000  | 145,542  | 115,901  | 29,641  | 18.1  | 14.4  | 3.7  | 1.8  | 2.3
1930  | 8,076,000  | 150,271  | 103,397  | 46,874  | 18.6  | 12.8  | 5.8  | 0.4  | 2.25
1931  | 8,126,000  | 147,489  | 103,773  | 43,716  | 18.2  | 12.8  | 5.4  | 2.0  | 2.22
1932  | 8,186,000  | 143,824  | 104,221  | 39,603  | 17.6  | 12.7  | 4.8  | 0.7  | 2.19
1933  | 8,231,000  | 134,754  | 104,640  | 30,114  | 16.4  | 12.7  | 3.7  | 0.1  | 2.08
1934  | 8,262,000  | 131,736  | 96,851  | 34,885  | 15.9  | 11.7  | 4.2  | −1.1  | 2.04
1935  | 8,288,000  | 126,304  | 102,132  | 24,172  | 15.2  | 12.3  | 2.9  | 0.4  | 1.94
1936  | 8,315,000  | 125,511  | 101,595  | 23,916  | 15.1  | 12.2  | 2.9  | 0.8  | 1.95
1937  | 8,346,000  | 125,495  | 104,163  | 21,332  | 15.0  | 12.5  | 2.6  | 0.8  | 1.99
1938  | 8,374,000  | 130,133  | 104,684  | 25,449  | 15.5  | 12.5  | 3.0  | −1.0  | 2.11
1939  | 8,391,000  | 126,257  | 110,393  | 15,864  | 15.0  | 13.2  | 1.9  | −12.6  | 2.1
1940  | 8,301,000  | 110,323  | 125,083  | −14,760  | 13.3  | 15.1  | −1.8  | −1.2  | 1.84
1941  | 8,276,000  | 98,417  | 118,670  | −20,253  | 11.9  | 14.3  | −2.4  | −1.2  | 1.66
1942  | 8,246,000  | 105,749  | 117,291  | −11,542  | 12.8  | 14.2  | −1.4  | 0.8  | 1.81
1943  | 8,241,000  | 120,665  | 107,767  | 12,898  | 14.6  | 13.1  | 1.6  | 4.5  | 2.06
1944  | 8,291,000  | 124,075  | 124,861  | −786  | 15.0  | 15.1  | −0.1  | 5.9  | 2.12
1945  | 8,339,000  | 127,245  | 121,155  | 6,090  | 15.3  | 14.5  | 0.7  | 2.7  | 2.17
1946  | 8,367,000  | 146,731  | 110,413  | 36,318  | 17.5  | 13.2  | 4.3  | 5.6  | 2.53
1947  | 8,450,000  | 144,979  | 108,136  | 36,843  | 17.2  | 12.8  | 4.4  | 8.3  | 2.47
1948  | 8,557,000  | 148,210  | 103,576  | 44,634  | 17.3  | 12.1  | 5.2  | 1.5  | 2.45
1949  | 8,614,000  | 144,670  | 106,704  | 37,966  | 16.8  | 12.4  | 4.4  | −1.5  | 2.39
1950  | 8,639,000  | 142,970  | 104,039  | 38,931  | 16.5  | 12.0  | 4.5  | 0  | 2.33
1951  | 8,678,000  | 142,524  | 107,688  | 34,836  | 16.4  | 12.4  | 4.0  | 2.0  | 2.34
1952  | 8,730,000  | 146,142  | 103,624  | 42,518  | 16.7  | 11.9  | 4.9  | 0.6  | 2.35
1953  | 8,778,000  | 146,522  | 106,024  | 40,498  | 16.7  | 12.1  | 4.6  | 0.1  | 2.37
1954  | 8,819,000  | 148,128  | 104,795  | 43,333  | 16.8  | 11.9  | 4.9  | 0.7  | 2.4
1955  | 8,868,000  | 148,798  | 108,316  | 40,482  | 16.8  | 12.2  | 4.6  | 1.7  | 2.42
1956  | 8,924,000  | 150,181  | 108,016  | 42,165  | 16.8  | 12.1  | 4.7  | 2.6  | 2.6
1957  | 8,989,000  | 152,388  | 107,236  | 45,152  | 17.0  | 11.9  | 5.0  | 2.1  | 2.49
1958  | 9,053,000  | 155,694  | 105,746  | 49,948  | 17.2  | 11.7  | 5.5  | 0.1  | 2.53
1959  | 9,104,000  | 160,662  | 103,513  | 57,149  | 17.6  | 11.4  | 6.3  | −0.9  | 2.57
1960  | 9,153,000  | 155,520  | 113,106  | 42,414  | 17.0  | 12.4  | 4.6  | −1.2  | 2.6
1961  | 9,184,000  | 158,262  | 106,259  | 52,003  | 17.2  | 11.6  | 5.7  | 1.6  | 2.64
1962  | 9,251,000  | 154,338  | 111,545  | 42,793  | 16.7  | 12.1  | 4.6  | 3.7  | 2.59
1963  | 9,328,000  | 158,196  | 115,618  | 42,578  | 17.0  | 12.4  | 4.6  | 6.1  | 2.68
1964  | 9,428,000  | 160,371  | 109,342  | 51,029  | 17.0  | 11.6  | 5.4  | 2.1  | 2.71
1965  | 9,499,000  | 154,856  | 114,507  | 40,349  | 16.3  | 12.1  | 4.2  | −1.1  | 2.62
1966  | 9,528,000  | 150,636  | 114,557  | 36,079  | 15.8  | 12.0  | 3.8  | 1.8  | 2.52
1967  | 9,581,000  | 145,899  | 114,509  | 31,390  | 15.2  | 12.0  | 3.3  | 0.7  | 2.41
1968  | 9,619,000  | 141,242  | 121,275  | 19,967  | 14.7  | 12.6  | 2.1  | 2.2  | 2.31
1969  | 9,660,000  | 140,834  | 119,375  | 21,459  | 14.6  | 12.4  | 2.2  | −2.6  | 2.27
1970  | 9,656,000  | 141,119  | 119,623  | 21,496  | 14.6  | 12.4  | 2.2  | 1.8  | 2.25
1971  | 9,695,000  | 139,104  | 118,853  | 20,251  | 14.3  | 12.3  | 2.1  | −0.4  | 2.21
1972  | 9,711,000  | 134,437  | 116,743  | 17,694  | 13.8  | 12.0  | 1.8  | 1.4  | 2.09
1973  | 9,742,000  | 129,425  | 118,313  | 11,112  | 13.3  | 12.1  | 1.1  | 2.0  | 1.95
1974  | 9,772,000  | 123,155  | 116,039  | 7,116  | 12.6  | 11.9  | 0.7  | 2.3  | 1.83
1975  | 9,801,000  | 119,273  | 119,273  | 0  | 12.2  | 12.2  | 0.0  | 1.7  | 1.74
1976  | 9,818,000  | 120,472  | 118,765  | 1,707  | 12.3  | 12.1  | 0.2  | 1.0  | 1.72
1977  | 9,830,000  | 121,523  | 112,208  | 9,315  | 12.4  | 11.4  | 0.9  | 0.1  | 1.71
1978  | 9,840,000  | 121,983  | 115,060  | 6,923  | 12.4  | 11.7  | 0.7  | 0.1  | 1.69
1979  | 9,848,000  | 123,658  | 112,156  | 11,502  | 12.6  | 11.4  | 1.2  | −1.1  | 1.69
1980  | 9,849,000  | 124,794  | 114,364  | 10,430  | 12.7  | 11.6  | 1.1  | −0.1  | 1.69
1981  | 9,859,000  | 124,827  | 113,308  | 11,519  | 12.7  | 11.5  | 1.2  | −1.5  | 1.67
1982  | 9,856,000  | 120,382  | 112,506  | 7,876  | 12.2  | 11.4  | 0.8  | −0.8  | 1.61
1983  | 9,856,000  | 117,395  | 114,814  | 2,581  | 11.9  | 11.6  | 0.3  | −0.4  | 1.56
1984  | 9,855,000  | 115,790  | 110,577  | 5,213  | 11.7  | 11.2  | 0.5  | −0.2  | 1.53
1985  | 9,858,000  | 114,283  | 112,691  | 1,592  | 11.6  | 11.4  | 0.2  | 0.2  | 1.51
1986  | 9,862,000  | 117,271  | 111,671  | 5,600  | 11.9  | 11.3  | 0.6  | 0.2  | 1.54
1987  | 9,870,000  | 117,448  | 105,840  | 11,608  | 11.9  | 10.7  | 1.2  | 2.0  | 1.57
1988  | 9,902,000  | 118,764  | 104,551  | 14,213  | 12.0  | 10.6  | 1.4  | 2.2  | 1.57
1989  | 9,938,000  | 120,550  | 107,332  | 13,218  | 12.1  | 10.8  | 1.3  | 1.6  | 1.58
1990  | 9,967,000  | 123,554  | 104,545  | 19,009  | 12.4  | 10.5  | 1.9  | −0.7  | 1.62
1991  | 9,978,681 [20] | 125,412  | 104,223  | 21,189  | 12.5  | 10.4  | 2.1  | 2.2  | 1.66
1992  | 10,021,997  | 125,322  | 103,858  | 21,464  | 12.5  | 10.3  | 2.1  | 2.5  | 1.65
1993  | 10,068,319  | 120,835  | 106,715  | 14,120  | 12.0  | 10.6  | 1.4  | 1.8  | 1.61
1994  | 10,100,341  | 116,408  | 103,688  | 12,720  | 11.5  | 10.2  | 1.3  | 1.7  | 1.56
1995  | 10,130,398  | 115,327  | 104,710  | 10,617  | 11.4  | 10.3  | 1.0  | 0.2  | 1.56
1996  | 10,142,776  | 116,262  | 104,228  | 12,034  | 11.4  | 10.3  | 1.2  | 1.5  | 1.59
1997  | 10,170,226  | 116,125  | 103,822  | 12,303  | 11.4  | 10.2  | 1.2  | 1.0  | 1.60
1998  | 10,192,264  | 114,561  | 104,607  | 9,954  | 11.2  | 10.3  | 1.0  | 1.1  | 1.60
1999  | 10,213,752  | 113,710  | 104,933  | 8,777  | 11.1  | 10.3  | 0.9  | 1.6  | 1.62
2000  | 10,239,085  | 115,157  | 104,921  | 10,236  | 11.2  | 10.2  | 1.0  | 1.4  | 1.67
2001  | 10,263,414  | 114,428  | 103,474  | 10,954  | 11.1  | 10.1  | 1.1  | 3.4  | 1.67
2002  | 10,309,725  | 111,484  | 105,667  | 5,817  | 10.8  | 10.2  | 0.6  | 3.9  | 1.65
2003  | 10,355,844  | 112,388  | 107,068  | 5,320  | 10.8  | 10.3  | 0.5  | 3.4  | 1.67
2004  | 10,396,421  | 115,908  | 101,964  | 13,944  | 11.1  | 9.8  | 1.3  | 3.5  | 1.72
2005  | 10,445,852  | 118,290  | 103,305  | 14,985  | 11.3  | 9.9  | 1.4  | 4.9  | 1.76
2006  | 10,511,382  | 121,695  | 101,614  | 20,081  | 11.5  | 9.6  | 1.9  | 5.1  | 1.80
2007  | 10,584,534  | 125,228  | 102,060  | 23,168  | 11.8  | 9.6  | 2.2  | 5.4  | 1.82
2008  | 10,665,140  | 128,049  | 104,587  | 23,462  | 12.0  | 9.8  | 2.2  | 6.0  | 1.85
2009  | 10,753,080  | 127,297  | 104,509  | 22,788  | 11.8  | 9.7  | 2.1  | 6.0  | 1.84
2010  | 10,839,905  | 129,173  | 105,094  | 24,079  | 11.9  | 9.7  | 2.2  | 8.1  | 1.85
2011  | 10,951,266  | 127,655  | 104,247  | 23,408  | 11.7  | 9.5  | 2.1  | 5.6  | 1.81
2012  | 11,035,948  | 126,993  | 109,034  | 17,959  | 11.5  | 9.9  | 1.6  | 4.2  | 1.79
2013  | 11,099,554  | 124,862  | 109,295  | 15,567  | 11.2  | 9.8  | 1.4  | 3.2  | 1.75
2014  | 11,150,516  | 124,415  | 104,723  | 19,692  | 11.2  | 9.4  | 1.8  | 3.4  | 1.74
2015  | 11,209,044  | 121,713  | 110,508  | 11,205  | 10.9  | 9.9  | 1.0  | 4.3  | 1.69
2016  | 11,267,910  | 121,161  | 108,056  | 13,105  | 10.8  | 9.6  | 1.2  | 3.6  | 1.68
2017  | 11,322,088  | 119,102  | 109,629  | 9,473  | 10.5  | 9.7  | 0.8  | 4.0  | 1.64
2018  | 11,376,070  | 117,800  | 110,645  | 7,155  | 10.4  | 9.7  | 0.6  | 4.3  | 1.61
2019  | 11,431,406  | 117,103  | 108,745  | 8,358  | 10.2  | 9.5  | 0.7  | 4.6  | 1.60
2020  | 11,492,641  | 113,739  | 126,850  | −13,111  | 9.9  | 11.0  | −1.1  | 3.6  | 1.55
2021  | 11,521,238  | 117,914  | 112,291  | 5,623  | 10.3  | 9.8  | 0.5  | 5.0  | 1.60
2022  | 11,584,008  | 113,593  | 116,380  | −2,787  | 9.8  | 10.0  | −0.3  | 10.1  | 1.53
2023  | 11,697,557  | 110,198  | 111,255  | −1,057  | 9.5  | 9.6  | −0.1  | 5.7  | 1.47
2024  | 11,763,650  | 108,150  | 112,029  | −3,879  | 9.2  | 9.5  | −0.3  | 4.4  | 1.45(e)
2025  | 11,825,551  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Current vital statistics

[edit]

Period  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural increase

|
|
|

January–May 2024 | 45,446  | 48,296  | −2,850
January–May 2025 | 44,784  | 50,804  | −6,020
Difference |  −662 (−1.46%)  |  +2,508 (+5.20%)  |  −3,170
Source:[21][22]

### Total fertility rates by province

[edit]

2023[23] Province  | TFR

|

Luxembourg | 1.58
Antwerp | 1.56
Hainaut | 1.52
West Flanders | 1.52
Flemish Brabant | 1.51
Liège | 1.48
Belgium | 1.47
East Flanders | 1.45
Namur | 1.44
Limburg | 1.41
Walloon Brabant | 1.40
Brussels | 1.36

### Structure of the population

[edit]

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.I.2011): [24]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 5 401 718  | 5 598 920  | 11 000 638  | 100
0–4  | 330 184  | 315 328  | 645 512  | 5.87
5–9  | 310 560  | 296 765  | 607 325  | 5.52
10–14  | 313 738  | 300 722  | 614 460  | 5.59
15–19  | 331 790  | 317 228  | 649 018  | 5.90
20–24  | 344 647  | 339 446  | 684 093  | 6.22
25–29  | 351 045  | 349 328  | 700 373  | 6.37
30–34  | 364 728  | 358 208  | 722 936  | 6.57
35–39  | 375 815  | 365 389  | 741 204  | 6.74
40–44  | 401 530  | 388 365  | 789 895  | 7.18
45–49  | 418 827  | 409 340  | 828 167  | 7.53
50–54  | 391 809  | 389 431  | 781 240  | 7.10
55–59  | 349 489  | 352 842  | 702 331  | 6.38
60–64  | 320 714  | 330 190  | 650 904  | 5.92
65−69  | 230 217  | 249 982  | 480 199  | 4.37
70−74  | 205 382  | 242 992  | 448 374  | 4.08
75−79  | 171 538  | 230 056  | 401 594  | 3.65
80−84  | 115 591  | 189 197  | 304 788  | 2.77
85−89  | 57 963  | 122 532  | 180 495  | 1.64
90−94  | 13 541  | 39 167  | 52 708  | 0.48
95−99  | 2 412  | 10 980  | 13 392  | 0.12
100+  | 198  | 1 432  | 1 630  | 0.01
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 954 482  | 912 815  | 1 867 297  | 16.97
15–64  | 3 650 394  | 3 599 767  | 7 250 161  | 65.91
65+  | 796 842  | 1 086 338  | 1 883 180  | 17.12

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2019): [24]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 5 644 826  | 5 810 693  | 11 455 519  | 100
0–4  | 315 177  | 300 999  | 616 176  | 5.38
5–9  | 340 923  | 325 662  | 666 585  | 5.82
10–14  | 336 284  | 320 521  | 656 805  | 5.73
15–19  | 323 790  | 307 712  | 631 502  | 5.51
20–24  | 341 598  | 328 722  | 670 320  | 5.85
25–29  | 374 924  | 371 623  | 746 547  | 6.52
30–34  | 368 166  | 368 614  | 736 780  | 6.43
35–39  | 377 157  | 374 627  | 751 784  | 6.56
40–44  | 368 567  | 362 807  | 731 374  | 6.38
45–49  | 393 483  | 384 045  | 777 528  | 6.79
50–54  | 406 309  | 396 620  | 802 929  | 7.01
55–59  | 395 854  | 395 473  | 791 327  | 6.91
60–64  | 349 994  | 360 409  | 710 403  | 6.20
65−69  | 298 587  | 317 045  | 615 632  | 5.37
70−74  | 249 942  | 281 596  | 531 538  | 4.64
75−79  | 165 281  | 206 039  | 371 320  | 3.24
80−84  | 131 154  | 188 231  | 319 385  | 2.79
85−89  | 76 742  | 138 520  | 215 262  | 1.88
90−94  | 26 044  | 63 743  | 89 787  | 0.78
95−99  | 4 640  | 16 410  | 21 050  | 0.18
100−104  | 201  | 1 188  | 1 389  | 0.01
105−109  | 9  | 84  | 93  | <0.01
110+  | 0  | 3  | 3  | <0.01
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 992 384  | 947 182  | 1 939 566  | 16.93
15–64  | 3 699 842  | 3 650 652  | 7 350 494  | 64.17
65+  | 952 600  | 1 212 859  | 2 165 459  | 18.90

## Immigration

[edit]

Since the relaxation of the Belgian nationality law, more than 1.3 million migrants have acquired Belgian citizenship and are now considered new Belgians. 89.2% of inhabitants of Turkish origin have been naturalized, as have 88.4% of people of Moroccan background, 75.4% of Italians, 56.2% of the French and 47.8% of Dutch people.[25][dubious - discuss]

In 2007, there were 1.38 million foreign-born residents in Belgium, corresponding to 12.9% of the total population. Of these, 685 000 (6.4%) were born outside the EU and 695 000 (6.5%) were born in another EU Member State.

Net migration rate; 4.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)

### Belgium migration data

[edit]

Belgium migration data, 1948–present  Year | Immigration | Emigration | Net migration

|
|
|

1948 | 89,924 | 60,061 | 29,863
1949 | 31,795 | 63,801 | −32,006
1950 | 27,922 | 46,569 | −18,647
1951 | 59,954 | 51,620 | 8,334
1952 | 52,150 | 46,566 | 5,584
1953 | 39,964 | 45,613 | −5,649
1954 | 34,604 | 41,834 | −7,230
1955 | 51,106 | 39,037 | 12,069
1956 | 52,593 | 43,724 | 8,869
1957 | 68,794 | 43,221 | 25,573
1958 | 47,124 | 49,322 | −2,198
1959 | 32,315 | 43,215 | −10,900
1960 | 42,248 | 39,127 | 3,121
1961 | 36,088 | 42,646 | −6,558
1962 | 52,744 | 39,084 | 13,660
1963 | 72,586 | 43,161 | 29,425
1964 | 92,334 | 48,511 | 43,823
1965 | 80,761 | 54,167 | 26,594
1966 | 71,078 | 53,887 | 17,191
1967 | 63,713 | 52,967 | 10,746
1968 | 57,122 | 56,628 | 494
1969 | 55,243 | 50,988 | 4,255
1970 | 62,143 | 56,371 | 5,772
1971 | 62,708 | 43,341 | 19,367
1972 | 62,474 | 54,791 | 7,683
1973 | 64,250 | 52,603 | 11,647
1974 | 71,866 | 52,670 | 19,196
1975 | 69,886 | 53,739 | 16,147
1976 | 58,724 | 56,921 | 1,803
1977 | 55,298 | 55,076 | 222
1978 | 52,594 | 58,495 | −5,901
1979 | 54,854 | 59,552 | −4,698
1980 | 54,694 | 58,212 | −3,518
1981 | 49,298 | 60,194 | −10,896
1982 | 44,659 | 61,931 | −17,272
1983 | 43,657 | 61,339 | −17,682
1984 | 47,002 | 56,447 | −9,445
1985 | 47,042 | 54,021 | −6,979
1986 | 48,959 | 53,793 | −4,834
1987 | 49,750 | 57,033 | −7,283
1988 | 54,048 | 54,082 | −34
1989 | 60,067 | 49,439 | 10,628
1990 | 68,929 | 49,246 | 19,683
1991 | 74,617 | 60,471 | 14,146
1992 | 80,191 | 55,411 | 24,780
1993 | 78,376 | 59,843 | 18,533
1994 | 81,865 | 64,234 | 17,631
1995 | 78,459 | 64,822 | 13,637
1996 | 78,046 | 65,167 | 12,879
1997 | 76,449 | 69,716 | 6,733
1998 | 80,194 | 73,199 | 6,995
1999 | 87,915 | 75,866 | 12,049
2000 | 90,412 | 76,848 | 13,564
2001 | 111,866 | 76,566 | 35,300
2002 | 115,542 | 77,121 | 38,421
2003 | 113,794 | 80,764 | 33,030
2004 | 119,143 | 85,474 | 33,669
2005 | 135,289 | 88,216 | 47,073
2006 | 139,595 | 89,576 | 50,019
2007 | 151,069 | 93,952 | 57,117
2008 | 164,152 | 100,275 | 63,877
2009 | 166,479 | 103,718 | 62,761
2010 | 166,188 | 86,719 | 79,469
2011 | 161,508 | 99,422 | 62,086
2012 | 149,095 | 104,697 | 44,398
2013 | 146,645 | 111,814 | 34,831
2014 | 153,926 | 113,975 | 39,951
2015 | 158,032 | 110,360 | 47,672
2016 | 160,480 | 118,245 | 42,235
2017 | 163,918 | 119,382 | 44,536
2018 | 166,894 | 116,714 | 50,180
2019 | 174,591 | 119,560 | 55,031
2020 | 144,169 | 102,413 | 41,756
2021 | 165,534 | 107,416 | 58,118
2022 | 233,629 | 117,085 | 116,544
2023 | 194,887 | 128,538 | 66,349
2024 | 194,212 | 128,168 | 66,044

Distribution of foreigners by nationality in Belgium[26][27][28] Country of origin  | 2013  | 2015  | 2017  | 2019  | 2020  | 2021  | 2022  | 2023  | 2024

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Total population  | 11,099,554  | 11,209,044  | 11,322,088  | 11,431,406  | 11,492,641  | 11,521,238  | 11,584,008  | 11,697,597  | 11,763,650
Belgium | 9,904,432  | 9,953,758  | 9,994,312  | 10,039,981  | 10,065,990  | 10,073,385  | 10,100,333  | 10,124,284  | 10,155,943
Total foreigners  | 1,195,122 | 1,255,286 | 1,327,776 | 1,391,425 | 1,426,651 | 1,447,853 | 1,483,675 | 1,573,313 | 1,607,707
France | 153,413  | 159,352  | 164,410  | 167,508  | 170,324  | 173,282  | 176,199  | 179,272  | 181,143
The Netherlands | 143,977  | 149,199  | 153,736  | 157,474  | 159,319  | 160,875  | 163,474  | 166,360  | 168,242
Italy | 157,426  | 156,977  | 156,726  | 155,866  | 155,696  | 154,544  | 153,813  | 153,416  | 152,524
Romania | 50,906  | 65,768  | 80,669  | 96,034  | 105,358  | 110,917  | 117,274  | 124,876  | 128,898
Morocco | 83,271  | 82,009  | 82,586  | 80,295  | 80,579  | 80,550  | 81,420  | 81,667  | 81,872
Spain | 54,406  | 60,386  | 63,043  | 65,476  | 67,861  | 69,933  | 73,556  | 77,333  | 80,790
Poland | 61,524  | 68,403  | 71,457  | 71,331  | 70,671  | 69,820  | 69,082  | 68,838  | 68,136
Ukraine | 4,109  | 4,382  | 4,695  | 5,072  | 5,426  | 5,624  | 5,988  | 58,029  | 64,420
Portugal | 38,812  | 42,793  | 45,816  | 47,677  | 48,979  | 50,116  | 51,802  | 53,598  | 55,609
Bulgaria | 23,386  | 28,721  | 33,152  | 37,277  | 40,687  | 43,104  | 45,590  | 48,474  | 49,404
Turkey | 37,989  | 36,747  | 36,167  | 36,678  | 37,492  | 37,717  | 38,936  | 40,250  | 41,700
Germany | 39,745  | 39,294  | 39,501  | 39,608  | 39,714  | 39,936  | 40,331  | 40,850  | 41,206
Syria |  |  |  |  | 32,594  | 32,614  | 32,264  | 32,274  |
Unknown and stateless  | 8,909  | 11,529  | 14,844  | 21,380  | 23,286  | 25,326  | 26,270  | 26,790  | 24,314
Afghanistan | 5,100  | 8,030  | 11,133  | 16,372  | 17,717  | 18,263  | 19,561  | 21,451  | 23,306
DRC | 20,066  | 20,625  | 21,282  | 21,526  | 21,357  | 21,395  | 21,617  | 21,363  | 21,131
India | 8,864  | 10,383  | 11,733  | 14,683  | 15,747  | 15,999  | 17,050  | 18,696  | 20,141
Greece | 15,513  | 16,275  | 17,017  | 17,921  | 18,297  | 18,375  | 18,720  | 19,204  | 19,638
Cameroon | 10,035  | 10,732  | 11,842  | 12,831  | 13,201  | 13,756  | 15,169  | 15,485  | 15,912
China | 10,454  | 11,275  | 12,155  | 12,930  | 13,479  | 13,037  | 13,544  | 14,075  | 14,490
United Kingdom | 24,543  | 23,794  | 22,949  | 20,344  | 19,026  | 18,574  | 16,273  | 14,816  | 13,840
Brazil | 7,463  | 8,047  | 8,456  | 9,210  | 9,745  | 10,092  | 10,880  | 11,778  | 12,817
Palestine |  |  |  |  | 6,784  | 7,198  | 8 500  | 11,753  |
Russia | 13,831  | 12,434  | 12,259  | 12,045  | 11,836  | 11,514  | 11,414  | 11,244  | 11,125
Algeria | 10,075  | 9,944  | 9,961  | 9,784  | 9,938  | 10,073  | 10,313  | 10,634  | 10,807
United States | 11,526  | 11,489  | 11,252  | 10,793  | 10,877  | 10,356  | 10,497  | 10,354  | 10 365
Guinea | 6,930  | 8,262  | 9,657  | 9,903  | 9,948  | 10,022  | 10,241  | 10,154  | 9,997
Iraq | 6,195  | 6,559  | 10,838  | 13,227  | 13,375  | 13,003  | 11,585  | 10,052  | 8,747
Tunisia | 4,996  | 5,524  | 6,091  | 6,398  | 6,627  | 6,967  | 7,268  | 7,819  | 8,517
Slovakia | 5,350  | 5,707  | 6,121  | 6,463  | 6,820  | 6,879  | 7,230  | 7,416  | 7,659
Albania | 4,941  | 5,100  | 5,167  | 5,582  | 5,943  | 6,288  | 6,610  | 7,054  | 7,518
Eritrea |  |  |  |  | 4,068  | 4,585  | 5,810  | 7,476  |
Hungary | 5,300  | 6,167  | 6,509  | 6,761  | 6,897  | 6,929  | 7,009  | 7,145  | 7,439
Somalia | 1,286  | 1,660  | 3,440  | 5,237  | 5,784  | 6,205  | 6,321  | 6,227  | 6,247
Kosovo | 4,597  | 4,553  | 4,533  | 4,830  | 5,147  | 5,401  | 5,606  | 5,785  | 6,043
Pakistan | 4,673  | 4,959  | 5,287  | 5,293  | 5,295  | 5,320  | 5,484  | 5,669  | 6,001
Iran | 4,480  | 4,381  | 4,107  | 4,549  | 4,756  | 4,948  | 5,196  | 5,305  | 5,765
North Macedonia | 4,630  | 4,280  | 4,436  | 4,662  | 4,786  | 4,802  | 4,696  | 4,524  | 5,417
Ireland | 4,003  | 4,035  | 4,168  | 4,321  | 4,460  | 4,631  | 5,008  | 5,230  | 5,334
Luxembourg | 4,361  | 4,335  | 4,384  | 4,452  | 4,522  | 4,648  | 4,892  | 5,123  | 5,261
Armenia | 6,765  | 6,578  | 4,747  | 4,434  | 4,830  | 5,106  | 5,085  | 5,267  | 5,177
Serbia | 4,091  | 3,718  | 3,961  | 4,247  | 4,576  | 4,862  | 5,041  | 5,077  | 5,151
Ghana | 3,940  | 4,449  | 4,635  | 4,528  | 4,647  | 4,625  | 4,760  | 4,852  | 4,842
Philippines | 3,774  | 4,142  | 4,398  | 4,346  | 4,330  | 4,319  | 4,349  | 4,597  | 4,720
Burundi |  | 1,587  | 1,782  | 2,379  | 2,806  | 3,167  | 3,563  | 3,691  | 4,483
Sweden | 4,262  | 3,918  | 3,859  | 3,763  | 3,749  | 3,754  | 3,919  | 4,058  | 4,247
Japan | 4,464  | 4,386  | 4,263  | 4,385  | 4,406  | 4,111  | 4,260  | 4,241  | 4,242
Czech Republic | 3,212  | 3,407  | 3,490  | 3,468  | 3,614  | 3,676  | 3,782  | 3,798  | 3,848
Nigeria | 3,293  | 3,671  | 3,786  | 3,755  | 3,731  | 3,738  | 3,783  | 3,831  | 3,816
Thailand | 3,398  | 3,499  | 3,705  | 3,842  | 3,889  | 3,777  | 3,862  | 3,881  | 3,747
Lebanon |  |  |  |  | 1,952  | 2,169  | 2,868  | 3,414  | 3,768
Moldova |  |  |  |  | 1,866  | 2,163  | 2,682  | 3,730  |
Lithuania | 2,168  | 2,472  | 2,506  | 2,836  | 3,054  | 3,165  | 3,347  | 3,511  | 3,589
Croatia | 1,026  | 1,491  | 2,040  | 2,601  | 2,815  | 3,023  | 3,173  | 3,366  | 3,533
Senegal | 1,890  | 2,223  | 2,610  | 2,792  | 2,896  | 2,937  | 3,108  | 3,223  | 3,351
Austria | 2,712  | 2,767  | 2,814  | 2,844  | 2,883  | 2,889  | 2,983  | 3,085  | 3,159
Finland | 2,926  | 2,859  | 2,863  | 2,946  | 2,935  | 2,860  | 2,916  | 2,980  | 3,001
Rwanda | 3,607  | 3,316  | 3,116  | 3,023  | 2,923  | 2,850  | 2,790  | 2,753  | 2,766
Colombia |  | 1,806  | 1,840  | 1,992  | 2,160  | 2 237  | 2,381  | 2,589  | 2,734
Nepal |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,140  | 2,409  | 2,687
Canada | 2,816  | 2,839  | 2,719  | 2,723  | 2,767  | 2,615  | 2,515  | 2,585  | 2,644
Denmark | 2,861  | 2,774  | 2,792  | 2,733  | 2,675  | 2,670  | 2,663  | 2,653  | 2,625
Angola | 3,026  | 2,973  | 2,864  | 2,749  | 2,662  | 2,644  | 2,628  | 2,612  | 2,595
Ivory Coast | 2,169  | 2,239  | 2,287  | 2,352  | 2,391  | 2,441  | 2,543  | 2,552  | 2,559
Latvia | 1,643  | 1,764  | 1,851  | 2,020  | 2,112  | 2,180  | 2,245  | 2,404  | 2,494
Switzerland | 2,089  | 2,092  | 2,118  | 2,158  | 2,233  | 2,250  | 2,308  | 2,369  | 2,375
Togo | 2,478  | 2,472  | 2,434  | 2,317  | 2,341  | 2,335  | 2,346  | 2,269  | 2,213
Georgia |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,873  | 2,051  | 2,162
Indonesia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,888  | 2,012

## Employment and income

[edit]

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24; total: 15.8%.

male: 16.2%
female: 15.3% (2018 est.)

## Education

[edit]

Literacy; Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2003 est.)

Total population: 99%
Male: 99%
Female: 99%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education); total: 20 years

male: 19 years
female: 21 years (2018)

## Origin groups

[edit]

Further information: Belgians

Belgians as a proportion of the population regionally and nationally from 2000 to 2021 Belgians with a Belgian background in Brussels

Belgium does not collect data on ethnicity or race, but does collect data on the country of origin of citizens.[29]

The largest group of immigrants and their descendants in Belgium are Italian Belgians, with more than 450,000[30] people, which is well over 4% of Belgium's total population. The Moroccan Belgians are the third-largest group, and the largest Muslim ethnic group, numbering 340,359.[30][31] According to Michèle Tribalat in the beginning of 2020, people of foreign background and their descendants were estimated to have formed 32.1% of the total population.[32] According to Statbel, 65.5% of the Belgian population was Belgian with a Belgian background in 2024. The Belgian background by age group was 51.8% among those under 18, 62.1% among 18-64-year-olds and 85.5% among those aged 65 and over.[33]

Of these 'New Belgians', 55.1% are of non-Belgian European ancestry and 44.9% are from non-Western countries.

The rest consists mostly of French-speaking people from Brussels, Turks, Kurds,[34] Dutch, French, Portuguese, Spaniards, Greeks, Bosniaks, Algerians, Congolese, Vietnamese, Poles, Indians, and Guineans (around 23% of Belgium's population is of non-Belgian origin).[35] Approximately 30,000 Roma live in Belgium.[36]

The exact number of French-speakers in Brussels is hard to determine, but it is estimated that 85% of the people living in Brussels use French and 10% use Dutch in their households, as the sole language or secondary language, while Arabic is also largely spoken. See the Brussels article for more details.[37]

In the table are the top 30 countries by origin of the population of Belgium in 2020[citation needed]

Group of origin  | Year  |  |

|
|
|

2001[38] | 2006[38] | 2011[38] | 2016[38] | 2023[38] | 2024[38]
Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Belgians with Belgian background  | 8,394,413  | 81.8%  | 8,252,547  | 78.5%  | 8,132,782  | 74.3%  | 7,966,385  | 70.7%  | 7,665,100  | 65.5%  | 7,618,446  | 64.8%
Belgians with foreign background[fn 2] | 1,007,316  | 9.8%  | 1,358,362  | 12.9%  | 1,699,228  | 15.5%  | 2,005,865  | 17.8%  | 2,459,184  | 21.0%  | 2,537,497  | 21.6%
Neighbouring country[fn 3] | 265,422  | 2.6%  | 299,651  |  | 334,500  |  | 362,196  |  | 398,149  | 3.4%  |  |
Other EU  | 319,180  | 3.1%  | 375,091  |  | 429,945  |  | 481,977  |  | 547,298  | 4.7%  |  |
Other Europe  | 100,019  | 1%  | 160,650  |  | 215,141  |  | 260,067  |  | 316,125  | 2.7%  |  |
Africa  | 210,601  | 2.1%  | 363,476  |  | 505,113  |  | 639,146  |  | 823,402  | 7%  |  |
Asia and Oceania  | 54,409  | 0.5%  | 77,410  |  | 106,973  |  | 133,603  |  | 199,302  | 1.7%  |  |
Other  | 19,655  | 0.2%  | 29,446  |  | 40,386  |  | 49,113  |  | 65,623  | 0.6%  |  |
Not classified  | 38,030  | 0.4%  | 52,638  |  | 67,170  |  | 79,763  |  | 109,285  | 0.9%  |  |
Non-Belgians  | 861,685  | 8.4%  | 900,473  | 8.6%  | 1,119,256  | 10.2%  | 1,295,660  | 11.5%  | 1,573,273  | 13.4%  | 1,607,707  | 13.7%
Neighbouring country[fn 4] | 257,981  | 2.5%  | 289,826  |  | 336,102  |  | 360,731  |  | 383,151  | 3.3%  |  |
Other EU  | 313,827  | 3.1%  | 314,549  |  | 387,389  |  | 481,218  |  | 569,989  | 4.9%  |  |
Other Europe  | 68,323  | 0.7%  | 67,277  |  | 87,645  |  | 83,783  |  | 144,633  | 1.2%  |  |
Africa  | 153,603  | 1.5%  | 139,458  |  | 182,605  |  | 207,957  |  | 234,162  | 2%  |  |
Asia and Oceania  | 30,609  | 0.3%  | 44,866  |  | 64,238  |  | 93,839  |  | 149,313  | 1.3%  |  |
Other  | 23,155  | 0.2%  | 26,355  |  | 33,904  |  | 39,605  |  | 47,547  | 0.4%  |  |
Not classified  | 14,187  | 0.1%  | 18,142  |  | 27,373  |  | 28,527  |  | 44,478  | 0.4%  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total  | 10,263,414  | 100%  | 10,511,382  | 100%  | 10,951,266  | 100%  | 11,267,910  | 100%  | 11,697,557  | 100%  | 11,763,650  | 100%
Place of Birth  | Year

|

2011[39]
Number  | %
|  |
Place of Birth in Reporting Country  | 9,371,282  |
Place of Birth Not in Reporting Country  | 1,517,608  |
Other EU Member State  | 765,523  |
Outside EU but within Europe  | 25,764  |
Outside Europe/ Non-European  | 752,085  |
Africa  | 418,576  |
Asia  | 239,474  |
North America  | 20,488  |
Caribbean, South or Central America  | 45,650  |
|  |
Total  | 11,000,638 | 100%
Countries of origin of Belgian population (2020)  Country  | Number (2020)  | % of population of foreign origin  | % of total population

|
|
|

Morocco | 340,359  | 13.3%  | 3.0%
Italy | 278,877  | 11.1%  | 2.4%
France | 217,200  | 8.7%  | 1.9%
Netherlands | 190,271  | 7.3%  | 1.7%
Turkey | 161,581  | 6.2%  | 1.4%
Romania | 120,929  | 4.8%  | 1.1%
Poland | 97,183  | 3.9%  | 0.8%
Spain | 78,745  | 3.1%  | 0.7%
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 65,687  | 2.7%  | 0.6%
Russia | 62,059  | 2.5%  | 0.5%
Portugal | 54,719  | 2.1%  | 0.5%
Germany | 50,772  | 2.0%  | 0.4%
Bulgaria | 46,876  | 1.9%  | 0.4%
Syria | 35,626  | 1.4%  | 0.3%
Algeria | 31,956  | 1.2%  | 0.3%
United Kingdom | 29,504  | 1.1%  | 0.3%
Greece | 28,643  | 1.1%  | 0.2%
India | 27,267  | 1.0%  | 0.2%
Afghanistan | 25,727  | 1.0%  | 0.2%
Cameroon | 24,267  | 0.9%  | 0.2%
China | 22,283  | 0.9%  | 0.2%
Tunisia | 20,921  | 0.8%  | 0.2%
Iraq | 20,882  | 0.8%  | 0.2%
Guinea | 19,244  | 0.7%  | 0.2%
Brazil | 15,158  | 0.6%  | 0.1%
Rwanda | 14,729  | 0.6%  | 0.1%
Pakistan | 14,580  | 0.6%  | 0.1%
United States | 13,820  | 0.5%  | 0.1%
Iran | 12,891  | 0.5%  | 0.1%
Albania | 12,641  | 0.5%  | 0.1%
Senegal | 11,876  | 0.5%  | 0.1%
Other countries  | 414,327  | 16.2%  | 3.6%
Total | 2,549,724 | 100% | 22.2%

## Naturalisation

[edit]

Foreign nationals can only apply for Belgian nationality after 5 years of legal residence in Belgium. The requirements for Belgium nationality are You have been legally resident in Belgium for at least 5 years, You have a right to remain indefinitely, You are integrated in Belgium, for example you have a certificate of integration, You speak and write 1 of the 3 national languages, and You have already worked at least 468 days. [40] Since the year 2000 there has been 910,067 naturalised persons.

Naturalisation Data by Continent (2000–2023)  Continent | Naturalised Persons | Percentage of Total

|
|

Europe | 344,923 | 37.9%
Asia | 133,183 | 14.6%
Africa | 362,308 | 39.8%
America | 30,783 | 3.4%
Oceania | 454 | 0.05%
Others | 38,416 | 4.2%
Total | 910,067 | 100%
Main Nationalities Granted Belgian Citizenship (2000–2023)  Rank | Country | Number of Naturalised Persons

|
|

1 |  Morocco | 189,826
2 |  Turkey | 85,156
3 |  Italy | 48,839
4 |  Democratic Republic of the Congo | 39,677
5 |  Romania | 26,877
6 |  Russia | 22,055
7 |  Poland | 21,652
8 |  Netherlands | 21,287
9 |  France | 20,571
10 |  Syria | 17,118
11 |  Afghanistan | 15,269
12 |  Cameroon | 15,302
13 |  Iraq | 13,717
14 |  Spain | 10,529
15 |  India | 10,522

[41]

## Languages

[edit]

Main article: Languages of Belgium

Belgium's three official languages are Dutch, spoken by about 60% of the population, French, spoken by about 40%, and German, spoken by less than 1%. The vast majority of Belgium's population, 99%, is literate as defined by the Belgian government, i.e. capable of reading and writing in an official language by the time a citizen has reached the age of 15. English is the official (meetings) language of the European Commission, 10% of the job market in Brussels.

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in Belgium

As of 2012, 58% of Belgians identify as Catholic. Other Christians comprise 7% of the population. Muslims comprise 5%. 27% of Belgians are agnostics, atheists or otherwise irreligious.[42]

## See also

[edit]

* Belgian nationality law
* Metropolitan areas in Belgium
* Demographics of Brussels

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.
2. ^ The number includes Belgian nationals who either previously were foreign nationals themselves or at least one of their parents was a foreign national.
3. ^ This category includes;
* Germany;
* France;
* Luxembourg;
* the Netherlands;
* the United Kingdom;
4. ^ This category includes;
* Germany;
* France;
* Luxembourg;
* the Netherlands;
* the United Kingdom;

## References

[edit]

This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2025 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2016 edition.)

1. ^ a b c "Life expectancy". Healthy Belgium. 2024.
2. ^ "Birth rate in Belgium at its lowest level in 81 years". VRT (broadcaster). 29 July 2024.
3. ^ "Bevolking – Statistieken & Analyses – Home". Statbel.fgov.be. Archived from the original on 9 March 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
4. ^ "Belgium Population". Our World in Data.
5. ^ "Chiffre global de la population par commune Situation au 1/11/2018" (PDF). www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2018. "Statistics Belgium, Federal Public Service Economy"
6. ^ Structure of the Population, STATBEL
7. ^ World Population Review: Belgium Population 2018, 14 June 2018
8. ^ Note: Crude migration change % is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
9. ^ "Vruchtbaarheidscijfers volgens verstreken leeftijd van de moeder". Archived from the original on 2010-11-13. Retrieved 2011-03-19.
10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Max Roser (2014), "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last two centuries", Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation
11. ^ a b c d e "Life expectancy". For a healthy Belgium. 15 July 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
12. ^ a b c d e "Life expectancy and life tables". Statistics Belgium. 9 July 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
13. ^ "Life expectancy at birth, total – India". World Bank Group.
14. ^ "World Population Prospects 2024". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 27 July 2024. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025. — see file "Compact (most used: estimates and medium projections)"
15. ^ "Life expectancy at birth by sex". Eurostat. 5 June 2025. Retrieved 24 June 2025. — Dataset
16. ^ "Life expectancy at birth by sex". Eurostat. 5 June 2025. Retrieved 24 June 2025. — Table. For visualization use the tab "Map"
17. ^ Cite error: The named reference `who` was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Life expectancy". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
19. ^ "World Factbook EUROPE : BELGIUM", The World Factbook, February 4, 2021
20. ^ Structure of the Population, statbel.be, visited 20-08-2023
21. ^ "Natality and fertility | Statbel". statbel.fgov.be.
22. ^ "Mortality | Statbel". statbel.fgov.be.
23. ^ "Total fertility rate by NUTS 2 region". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2025-04-12.
24. ^ a b "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
25. ^ "Verkiezingen 2012 eigen-wijs". Npdata.be. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
26. ^ "Population par nationalité et par sexe 2015-2016 - - Home". statbel.fgov.be.
27. ^ "Database - Eurostat". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 17 October 2020..
28. ^ "Structure de la population - Statbel". statbel.fgov.be. Retrieved 17 October 2020..
29. ^ Shendruk, Amanda (2021-07-08). "Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race?". Quartz. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
30. ^ a b "Vreemde afkomst 01/01/2012". Npdata.be. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
31. ^ Voor het eerst meer Marokkaanse dan Italiaanse migranten, Hbvl.be, 21 May 2007
32. ^ "POPULATION D'ORIGINE ÉTRANGÈRE EN BELGIQUE". Retrieved 9 February 2021.
33. ^ "Origin | Statbel". statbel.fgov.be.
34. ^ "De situatie van de Koerden is nog een stuk beroerder dan die van de Catalanen". Gazet van Antwerpen. 28 October 2017.
35. ^ "Non-Profit Data". Npdata.be. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
36. ^ "Belgium Returns to Ethnic Profiling, Raids, and Roundups". European Roma Rights Centre.
37. ^ "Ethnic demography of Brussels". Archived from the original on 2021-11-24.
38. ^ a b c d e f "Origin | Statbel". statbel.fgov.be. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
39. ^ "CensusHub2". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
40. ^ "Obtaining Belgian nationality ed". Fedasil. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
41. ^ "Changes of nationality". Statbel. Statistics Belgium. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
42. ^ "Special Eurobarometer 393 – Discrimination in the EU in 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-02. Retrieved 2013-08-14.

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[edit]

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* Croats
* Georgians
* Greeks
* Italians
* Poles
* Portuguese
* Russians

Religious groups|

* Buddhists
* Christians
* Catholics
* Irreligious people
* Jews
* Muslims

Gender & sexuality|

* Women

Other|

* Demographics
* Languages of Belgium
* Belgian Dutch
* Belgian French
* Belgian nationality law

* v
* t
* e

Demographics of Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* England
* Northern Ireland
* Scotland
* Wales
* Vatican City

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

Other entities|

* European Union

*[Pop.]: Population
*[±% p.a.]: Per annum growth rate
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