Demographics of Cape Verde

Population pyramid of Cape Verde in 2020

Population| 596,707 (2022 est.)
Growth rate| 1.21% (2022 est.)
Birth rate| 18.49 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate| 5.8 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy| 73.75 years
• male| 71.41 years
• female| 76.15 years
Fertility rate| 2.13 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate| 23.53 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate| -0.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years| 27.95%
65 and over| 5.48%
Sex ratio
Total| 0.95 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth| 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15| 1.01 male(s)/female
65 and over| 0.52 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality| Cabo Verdean or Cape Verdean
Language
Official| Portuguese
Spoken| Cape Verde Creole

Demographic features of the population of Cape Verde include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Cape Verde has about 540,000 inhabitants. A large proportion (236,000) of Cape Verdeans live on the main island, Santiago.[1] Many more live abroad in the Cape Verdean diaspora in mainland Africa, Europe, U.S., Brazil, et cetera.

The archipelago of Cape Verde was first discovered and claimed by Portuguese sailors working for the Portuguese Crown in 1456. Cape Verdeans are West African. Many foreigners from other parts of the world settled in Cape Verde as their permanent country.

Two Cape Verdean children playing

The difficulty of survival in a country with few natural resources has historically induced Cape Verdeans to emigrate. In fact, of the more than 1 million people of Cape Verdean ancestry in the world, only a little more than one-third actually live on the islands. Some 500,000 people of Cape Verdean ancestry live in the United States, mainly in New England. Many people of Cape Verdean ancestry also live in Portugal, Netherlands, France, Italy and Senegal. Cape Verdean populations also settled Spain, Germany, Canada, and other CPLP countries (Angola, Brazil and Guinea-Bissau). Since independence from Portugal in 1975, a number of Cape Verdean students have continued to be admitted every year to Portuguese high schools, polytechnical institutes and universities, through bilateral agreements between the Portuguese and Cape Verdean governments.

Portuguese functions as a state language. Virtually all formal documents and official declarations are in Portuguese. But it is not the first language. Cape Verdean, commonly called Kriolu, is spoken as a mother tongue by virtually all Cape Verdeans, irrespective of social status or religious affiliation. Moreover, historical linguists often attribute Cape Verdean Creole as the oldest "New World" contact language. It is a "contact" language in the sense that it was born and evolved between linguistically different groups who, by necessity, had to create a common language to communicate with each other. There is a rich repertoire of literature and songs in Cape Verdean Creole. In religion, the majority of Cape Verdeans follow Catholic Christianity. There are some Protestants, Baháʼís and Muslims.

## Population

[edit]

Demographics of Cape Verde, Data of FAO, year 2005; Number of inhabitants in thousands. Census populationYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1940| 181,740| —
1950| 149,984| −1.90%
1960| 199,902| +2.91%
1970| 270,999| +3.09%
1980| 295,703| +0.88%
1990| 341,491| +1.45%
2000| 431,989| +2.38%
2010| 491,875| +1.31%
2021| 491,233| −0.01%
Source: [2]

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[3][4] the total population was 587,925 in 2021, compared to only 178,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 31.8%, 62.3% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 5.9% was 65 years or older.[5]

Progression of the population  Year  | Total  | Ages 0–14 (%)  | Ages 15–64 (%)  | Ages 65+ (%)

|
|
|
|

1950  | 178,000 | 32.6 | 59.8 | 7.6
1955  | 195,000 | 35.8 | 57.9 | 6.2
1960  | 211,000 | 42.1 | 53.2 | 4.8
1965  | 240,000 | 48.5 | 47.3 | 4.2
1970  | 274,000 | 48.2 | 47.8 | 4
1975  | 311,000 | 45.8 | 49.6 | 4.6
1980  | 300,000 | 46.0 | 48.7 | 5.3
1985  | 328,000 | 44.5 | 50.5 | 5
1990  | 348,000 | 45.4 | 49.8 | 4.8
1995  | 395,000 | 44.5 | 50.5 | 5
2000  | 437,000 | 41.7 | 52.9 | 5.3
2005  | 473,000 | 37.0 | 57.2 | 5.8
2010  | 496,000 | 31.8 | 62.3 | 5.9

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 16.VI.2010):[6]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 243 403  | 248 280  | 491 683  | 100
0–4  | 25 131  | 25 069  | 50 200  | 10.21
5–9  | 25 168  | 25 040  | 50 208  | 10.21
10–14  | 27 864  | 27 361  | 55 225  | 11.23
15–19  | 29 655  | 29 405  | 59 060  | 12.01
20–24  | 27 327  | 25 578  | 52 905  | 10.76
25–29  | 23 336  | 21 005  | 44 341  | 9.02
30–34  | 18 165  | 16 339  | 34 504  | 7.02
35–39  | 14 106  | 13 130  | 27 236  | 5.54
40–44  | 12 988  | 13 303  | 26 291  | 5.35
45–49  | 11 347  | 12 165  | 23 512  | 4.78
50–54  | 8 162  | 9 999  | 18 161  | 3.69
55–59  | 4 947  | 7 196  | 12 143  | 2.47
60–64  | 2 613  | 3 580  | 6 193  | 1.26
65–69  | 2 499  | 3 716  | 6 215  | 1.26
70–74  | 3 437  | 5 229  | 8 666  | 1.76
75–79  | 2 980  | 4 453  | 7 433  | 1.51
80–84  | 2 092  | 3 185  | 5 277  | 1.07
85–89  | 827  | 1 358  | 2 185  | 0.44
90–94  | 377  | 696  | 1 073  | 0.22
95+  | 172  | 325  | 497  | 0.10
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 78 163  | 77 470  | 155 633  | 31.65
15–64  | 152 646  | 151 700  | 304 346  | 61.90
65+  | 12 384  | 18 962  | 31 346  | 6.38
Unknown  | 210  | 148  | 358  | 0.07

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data refer to national projections.):[7]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 281 533  | 275 324  | 556 857  | 100
0–4  | 26 739  | 25 524  | 52 264  | 9.39
5–9  | 26 162  | 24 973  | 51 135  | 9.18
10–14  | 25 262  | 25 389  | 50 651  | 9.10
15–19  | 23 734  | 23 483  | 47 218  | 8.48
20–24  | 23 955  | 22 461  | 46 416  | 8.34
25–29  | 28 159  | 26 015  | 54 173  | 9.73
30–34  | 28 603  | 24 995  | 53 597  | 9.62
35–39  | 24 111  | 20 484  | 44 595  | 8.01
40–44  | 18 738  | 15 923  | 34 660  | 6.22
45–49  | 14 043  | 12 780  | 26 822  | 4.82
50–54  | 12 282  | 12 693  | 24 974  | 4.48
55–59  | 10 437  | 11 557  | 21 994  | 3.95
60–64  | 7 125  | 9 226  | 16 351  | 2.94
65–69  | 4 080  | 6 402  | 10 482  | 1.88
70–74  | 2 050  | 2 955  | 5 006  | 0.90
75–79  | 1 722  | 2 772  | 4 494  | 0.81
80–84  | 2 037  | 3 496  | 5 533  | 0.99
85–89  | 1 443  | 2 389  | 3 833  | 0.69
90–94  | 682  | 1 249  | 1 931  | 0.35
95+  | 170  | 560  | 730  | 0.13
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 78 163  | 75 886  | 154 049  | 27.66
15–64  | 191 186  | 179 615  | 370 801  | 66.59
65+  | 12 184  | 19 823  | 32 007  | 5.75

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 16.VI.2021): [8]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 246 363  | 244 870  | 491 233  | 100
0–4  | 23 111  | 22 429  | 45 540  | 9.27
5–9  | 23 533  | 23 086  | 46 619  | 9.49
10–14  | 23 809  | 22 771  | 46 580  | 9.48
15–19  | 21 903  | 20 401  | 42 304  | 8.61
20–24  | 20 391  | 18 159  | 38 550  | 7.85
25–29  | 22 481  | 21 665  | 44 146  | 8.99
30–34  | 22 552  | 21 681  | 44 233  | 9.00
35–39  | 19 217  | 18 105  | 37 322  | 7.60
40–44  | 15 820  | 14 259  | 30 079  | 6.12
45–49  | 12 269  | 11 347  | 23 616  | 4.81
50–54  | 11 257  | 11 224  | 22 481  | 4.58
55–59  | 10 001  | 10 682  | 20 683  | 4.21
60–64  | 7 536  | 8 765  | 16 301  | 3.32
65–69  | 4 496  | 6 510  | 11 006  | 2.24
70–74  | 2 347  | 3 279  | 5 626  | 1.15
75–79  | 1 685  | 2 842  | 4 527  | 0.92
80–84  | 1 839  | 3 404  | 5 243  | 1.07
85–89  | 1 257  | 2 473  | 3 730  | 0.76
90–94  | 648  | 1 316  | 1 964  | 0.40
95+  | 211  | 472  | 683  | 1.39
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 70 453  | 68 286  | 138 739  | 28.24
15–64  | 163 427  | 156 288  | 319 715  | 65.08
65+  | 12 483  | 20 296  | 32 779  | 6.67

## Vital statistics

[edit]

Vital events of Cape Verde are not (yet) available for recent years. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[5]

Period  | Live births per year  | Deaths per year  | Natural change per year  | CBR*  | CDR*  | NC*  | TFR*  | IMR*

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1950–1955 | 9 000 | 4 000 | 5 000 | 49.0 | 22.6 | 26.3 | 6.57 | 139
1955–1960 | 10 000 | 4 000 | 5 000 | 48.0 | 21.1 | 26.9 | 6.76 | 132
1960–1965 | 10 000 | 4 000 | 6 000 | 45.0 | 18.7 | 26.3 | 6.97 | 125
1965–1970 | 11 000 | 4 000 | 6 000 | 41.4 | 16.4 | 25.0 | 6.97 | 117
1970–1975 | 12 000 | 4 000 | 8 000 | 41.1 | 13.4 | 27.7 | 6.86 | 96
1975–1980 | 13 000 | 4 000 | 9 000 | 41.6 | 11.6 | 30.0 | 6.62 | 78
1980–1985 | 13 000 | 3 000 | 10 000 | 41.3 | 10.3 | 31.0 | 6.10 | 65
1985–1990 | 14 000 | 3 000 | 11 000 | 40.9 | 9.2 | 31.7 | 5.63 | 54
1990–1995 | 14 000 | 3 000 | 11 000 | 36.5 | 7.9 | 28.6 | 4.93 | 44
1995–2000 | 13 000 | 3 000 | 10 000 | 31.6 | 6.7 | 24.9 | 4.15 | 37
2000–2005 | 12 000 | 3 000 | 9 000 | 26.2 | 5.8 | 20.5 | 3.28 | 28
2005–2010 | 11 000 | 3 000 | 8 000 | 21.9 | 5.2 | 16.7 | 2.60 | 21
*  CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

### Registered births and deaths

[edit]

[9][10]

Year  | Population  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural increase  | Crude birth rate  | Crude death rate  | Rate of natural increase  | TFR

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1948  |  | 3,756  |  |  |  |  |  |
1949  |  | 3,904  | 3,641  | 263  |  |  |  |
1950  |  | 5,322  | 2,562  | 2,760  |  |  |  |
1951  |  | 7,367  | 2,377  | 4,990  |  |  |  |
1952  |  | 7,647  | 2,455  | 5,192  |  |  |  |
1953  |  | 7,597  | 2,866  | 4,731  |  |  |  |
1954  |  | 8,697  | 3,305  | 5,392  |  |  |  |
1955  |  | 8,547  | 2,220  | 6,327  |  |  |  |
1956  |  | 8,377  | 2,200  | 6,177  |  |  |  |
1957  |  | 8,237  | 2,790  | 5,447  |  |  |  |
1958  |  | 9,026  | 2,552  | 6,474  |  |  |  |
1959  |  | 9,609  | 2,382  | 7,227  |  |  |  |
1960  |  | 8,954  | 3,127  | 5,827  |  |  |  |
1961  |  | 8,319  | 2,543  | 5,776  |  |  |  |
1962  |  | 8,952  | 2,452  | 6,500  |  |  |  |
1963  |  | 9,671  | 2,996  | 6,675  |  |  |  |
1964  |  | 9,783  | 2,315  | 7,468  |  |  |  |
1965  |  | 9,638  | 2,377  | 7,261  |  |  |  |
1966  |  | 9,621  | 2,167  | 7,454  |  |  |  |
1967  |  | 10,190  | 2,593  | 7,597  |  |  |  |
1968  |  | 10,131  | 2,397  | 7,734  |  |  |  |
1969  |  | 9,671  | 3,452  | 6,219  |  |  |  |
1970  |  | 9,379  | 2,883  | 6,496  |  |  |  |
1971  |  | 9,493  | 4,147  | 5,346  |  |  |  |
1972  |  | 8,966  | 2,779  | 6,187  |  |  |  |
1973  |  | 8,418  | 3,513  | 4,905  |  |  |  |
1974  |  | 8,492  | 2,576  | 5,916  |  |  |  |
1975  |  | 8,210  | 2,796  | 5,414  |  |  |  |
1976  |  | 9,863  | 2,869  | 6,994  |  |  |  |
1977  |  | 9,965  | 2,564  | 7,401  |  |  |  |
1978  |  | 10,060  | 3,207  | 6,853  |  |  |  |
1979  |  | 8,289  | 2,469  | 5,820  |  |  |  |
1980  |  | 9,650  | 2,080  | 7,570  |  |  |  |
1981  |  | 8,580  |  |  |  |  |  |
1982  |  | 11,066  | 2,169  | 8,897  |  |  |  |
1983  |  | 11,438  | 2,649  | 8,789  |  |  |  |
1984  |  | 11,696  | 2,863  | 8,833  |  |  |  |
1985  |  | 11,282  | 2,735  | 8,547  |  |  |  |
1986  |  | 12,636  |  |  |  |  |  |
1987  |  | 12,771  |  |  |  |  |  |
1988  |  | 12,443  |  |  |  |  |  |
1989  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1990  |  | 9,669  | 2,505  | 7,164  |  |  |  |
1991  |  | 12,289  | 2,616  | 9,673  |  |  |  |
1992  |  | 9,671  | 2,843  | 6,828  |  |  |  |
1993  |  |  | 2,821  |  |  |  |  |
1994  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1995  | 386,813  |  | 3,520  |  |  | 9.1  |  |
1996  | 393,478  |  | 2,715  |  |  | 6.9  |  |
1997  | 406,267  |  | 3,047  |  |  | 7.5  |  |
1998  | 413,382  | 15,460  | 2,811  | 12,649  |  | 6.8  |  |
1999  | 426,061  |  | 2,812  |  |  | 6.6  |  |
2000  | 436,821  | 12,746  | 2,433  | 10,313  | 29.2  | 5.6  | 23.6  | 4.00
2001  | 445,035  | 12,550  | 2,396  | 10,154  | 28.2  | 5.4  | 22.8  |
2002  | 452,198  | 12,345  | 2,395  | 9,950  | 27.3  | 5.3  | 22.0  |
2003  | 460,837  | 12,120  | 2,600  | 9,520  | 26.3  | 5.6  | 20.7  |
2004  | 468,854  | 11,862  | 2,522  | 9,340  | 25.3  | 5.4  | 19.9  |
2005  | 478,163  | 11,554  | 2,423  | 9,131  | 24.3  | 5.1  | 19.2  |
2006  | 487,121  | 9,765  | 2,612  | 7,153  | 20.7  | 5.4  | 15.3  | 2.443
2007  | 491,419  | 10,421  | 2,484  | 7,937  | 21.8  | 5.2  | 16.6  | 2.575
2008  | 499,796  | 10,165  | 2,683  | 7,482  | 21.0  | 5.5  | 15.5  | 2.429
2009  | 485,677  | 9,962  | 2,583  | 7,379  | 20.4  | 5.3  | 15.1  | 2.334
2010  | 477,859  | 10,568  | 2,352  | 8,216  | 22.1  | 4.9  | 17.2  | 2.535
2011  | 480,577  | 10,777  | 2,488  | 8,289  | 22.4  | 5.2  | 17.2  | 2.589
2012  | 483,285  | 10,050  | 2,610  | 7,440  | 20.8  | 5.4  | 15.4  | 2.419
2013  | 485,996  | 9,845  | 2,518  | 7,327  | 20.3  | 5.2  | 15.1  | 2.358
2014  | 488,719  | 9,868  | 2,528  | 7,340  | 20.2  | 5.2  | 15.0  | 2.356
2015  | 491,436  | 9,794  | 2,761  | 7,033  | 19.9  | 5.6  | 14.3  | 2.330
2016  | 493,465  | 9,980  | 2,591  | 7,389  | 20.2  | 5.3  | 14.9  | 2.389
2017  | 495,522  | 9,943  | 2,497  | 7,446  | 20.1  | 5.0  | 15.1  | 2.401
2018  | 497,558  | 9,551  | 2,836  | 6,715  | 19.2  | 5.7  | 13.5  | 2.327
2019  | 499,609  | 9,284  | 2,771  | 6,513  | 18.6  | 5.5  | 13.1  | 2.286
2020  | 501,657  | 9,211  | 2,959  | 6,252  | 18.4  | 5.9  | 12.5  | 2.280
2021  | 504,125  | 8,607  | 3,178  | 5,429  | 17.1  | 6.3  | 10.8  | 2.147
2022  | 506,595  | 7,981  | 3,032  | 4,949  | 15.8  | 6.0  | 9.8  | 2.008
2023  | 509,078  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2024  | 511,534  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Demographic and Health Surveys

[edit]

Total fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and crude birth rate (CBR):[11]

Year  | CBR (Total)  | TFR (Total)  | CBR (Urban)  | TFR (Urban)  | CBR (Rural)  | TFR (Rural)

|
|
|
|
|
|

2005  | 22  | 2,9 (2,8)  | 23  | 2,7 (2,7)  | 22  | 3,1 (3,0)

Fertility data from 2005 (DHS Program):[12]

Region  | Total fertility rate  | Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant  | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49

|
|
|

Santo Antão | 2.9 | 3.8 | 6.0
São Vicente | 2.0 | 3.4 | 4.0
São Nicolau | 3.3 | 4.4 | 4.2
Sal | 3.2 | 7.0 | 3.9
Boa Vista | 2.4 | 10.0 | 4.4
Maio | 2.6 | 1.7 | 4.3
Santiago | 3.1 | 5.4 | 4.5
Praia Urbano | 3.2 | 5.1 | 4.5
Santiago Norte | 2.7 | 6.2 | 4.3
Resto Santiago | 3.3 | 4.6 | 4.8
Fogo | 3.1 | 6.3 | 5.6
Brava | 2.8 | 7.0 | 5.0

### Life expectancy

[edit]

Period  | Life expectancy in
Years[13]

|

1950–1955  | 48.08
1955–1960  |  48.77
1960–1965  |  49.45
1965–1970  |  52.43
1970–1975  |  55.25
1975–1980  |  60.52
1980–1985  |  62.37
1985–1990  |  64.10
1990–1995  |  65.73
1995–2000  |  67.94
2000–2005  |  71.27
2005–2010  |  71.77
2010–2015  |  72.14

## Ethnic groups

[edit]

### Genetics

[edit]

E1b1a, R1b

The predominance of West African mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in their maternal gene pool, the major West African Y-chromosome lineage E3a was observed only at a frequency of 15.9%. Overall, these results indicate that gene flow from multiple sources and sex-specific patterns have been important in the formation of the genomic diversity in the Cabo Verde islands.[14]

## Languages

[edit]

Portuguese (official), Kriolu[15]

According to results from 2016, 72.8% of the population aged 12 or above could speak a language besides Kriolu, and the vast majority of them spoke Portuguese, the official language of the country and the language from colonial time. Ability to speak non-Kriolu languages also varied greatly by age, with younger generations being substantially more likely to speak a non-creole language.[16]

Percentage of population aged 12 or above by ability to speak various languages  | Any non-creole languages  | Portuguese | English | French | Spanish | Italian

|
|
|
|
|
|

Total 12+ | 72.8 | 72.2 | 16.5 | 13.5 | 3.0 | 0.9
12-14  | 84.8  | 84.7  | 8.5  | 7.0  | 0.0  | 0.1
15-24  | 88.6  | 88.1  | 25.0  | 19.5  | 1.2  | 0.3
25-44  | 79.8  | 78.8  | 20.5  | 15.8  | 4.3  | 1.6
45-64  | 54.6  | 54.4  | 7.2  | 7.8  | 4.6  | 0.6
65 +  | 26.4  | 26.3  | 2.6  | 4.5  | 1.8  | 1.1

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in Cape Verde

Catholic 77.3%, Protestant 3.7% (includes Church of the Nazarene 1.7%, Adventist 1.5%, Universal Kingdom of God 0.4%, and God and Love 0.1%), other Christian 4.3% (includes Christian Rationalism 1.9%, Jehovah's Witness 1%, Assembly of God 0.9%, and New Apostolic 0.5%), Islam 1.8%, Other 1.3%, None 10.8%, Unspecified 0.7% (2010 estimate)[15]

## See also

[edit]

See also: List of Cape Verdeans, Cape Verdean American, and Cape Verdeans in the Netherlands

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Cape Verde: Population". Caperverde.com. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
2. ^ "Evolução da população residente em Cabo Verde por Ilha Concelho" (PDF). ine.cv.
3. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
4. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950–2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
5. ^ a b "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". Esa.un.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
6. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
7. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
8. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
9. ^ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
10. ^ "Relatório Estatístico". 31 May 2023.
11. ^ "Server Error". microdata.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
12. ^ "Inquérito Demográfico e de Saúde Reprodutiva (IDSR-II)" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
13. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
14. ^ Gonçalves, Rita; Alexandra Rosa; Ana Freitas; Ana Fernandes; Toomas Kivisild; Richard Villems; António Brehm (26 August 2003). "Y-chromosome lineages in Cabo Verde Islands witness the diverse geographic origin of its first male settlers". Human Genetics. 113 (6): 467–472\. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1007-4. hdl:10400.13/3047. PMID 12942365. S2CID 63381583.
15. ^ a b "Africa :: CAPE VERDE". CIA The World Factbook. 14 April 2022.
16. ^ Seminário sobre as Estatísticas da Cultura, Desporto e Lazer [Seminar about Culture, Sport and Leisure Statistics] (PDF) (Report) (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Estatística. 2016. Retrieved 2025-04-07.

This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2025 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2008 edition.)

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Demographics of Africa

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Cape Verde articles

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