Demographics of Indonesia

Population pyramid of Indonesia in 2020

Population|  284.973.643 (2024 civil registration)[1]
270,203,917 (2020 census)
Growth rate| 1,11% (2024)
Birth rate| 15.32 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate| 6.75 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy|  73.08 years
• male| 70.86 years
• female| 75.4 years
Fertility rate|  2.0 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate| 16.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate| -0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years| 23.87%
15–64 years| 68.31%
65 and over| 7.82%
Sex ratio
Total| 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth| 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15| 1.05 male(s)/female
65 and over| 0.66 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality| Indonesian
Major ethnic|

* 40.2% Javanese
* 15.5% Sundanese
* 3.7% Malay
* 3.6% Batak
* 3.0% Madurese
* 34.0% Others (600+ ethnic groups)

Language
Official| Indonesian
Spoken|

* Javanese
* Sundanese
* Malay
* Madurese
* Minangkabau
* Banjarese
* Buginese
* Balinese
* Batak
* Cirebonese
* Others (700+ regional languages)

Historical population Indonesian students during a school excursion to a museum; Indonesia currently possesses a relatively young population.

Indonesia is a highly diverse country, both ethnically and linguistically. The country's population reached 270.20 million according to the 2020 national census, up from 237.64 million in 2010.[2][3] As of mid-2025, the official estimate stood at 284.44 million, reflecting an annual growth rate of 1.11%.[4][1][5] It remains the fourth most populous country in the world. Java, excluding Madura is home to approximately 54.4% of the national population, making it the most densely populated island globally.

Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has been in place since 1967, Indonesia's average population growth per year was over 1.1% for the decade ending in 2020, nearly having 13% population growth for that decade.[6] At this rate, Indonesia's population is no longer projected to surpass the population of the United States (whose population is increasing at a faster rate), and it is itself projected by the United Nations (UN) to be overtaken in population by Nigeria and by Pakistan by 2040. Indonesia has a relatively young population compared to many Western countries, although it is gradually aging due to declining birth rates and rising life expectancy. As of 2017, the median age stood at 30.2 years.[7]

The country is among the most ethnically and linguistically diverse in the world, home to over 600 ethnic groups and more than 700 languages. Since gaining independence, Indonesian has served as the national language and is widely used in education, government, business, and formal communication. However, most Indonesians grow up speaking a regional language as their mother tongue, using Indonesian primarily as a lingua franca for interethnic interaction. Major regional languages include Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Buginese, Balinese, and Batak, among many others. The Javanese, who make up about 40% of the population, have historically held significant political influence, with every president since independence having at least partial or full Javanese ancestry.

## Population

[edit]

* Population data of Indonesia
* Provinces of Indonesia by urban population percentage

* Provinces of Indonesia by population density per square kilometer in 2020

* Villages of Indonesia by population density per square kilometer in 2024

Historical Population of Indonesia with Annual Growth Rate  Year | Population | ±% p.a.

|
|

1 | 2,000,000 | —
1000 | 3,500,000 | +0.06%
1500 | 7,750,000 | +0.16%
1700 | 9,500,000 | +0.10%
1930 | 60,727,233 | +0.81%
1955 | 77,473,268 | +0.98%
1961 | 97,085,348 | +3.83%
1971 | 119,208,229 | +2.07%
1976 | 141,862,419 | +3.54%
1980 | 147,490,298 | +0.98%
1990 | 179,378,946 | +1.98%
2000 | 206,264,595 | +1.41%
2010 | 237,641,326 | +1.43%
2020 | 270,203,917 | +1.29%

Source: Our World in Data,[8] Statistics Indonesia,[2][9] Wertheim (1959),[10] Geografi dan Kependudukan (1976),[11] Widjojo Nitisastro (2006)[12]

### Population by province

[edit]

Province  | Population
(2010 census)  | Urban %
in 2010  | Total
Fertility
Rate

(2010 census)

| Population
(2020 census)  | Urban %
in 2022[13] | Total Fertility

rate (2020 census)

|
|
|
|
|
|

Aceh | 4,494,410  |

23.6%

| 2.79  | 5,274,900  |

33.9%

North Sumatra | 12,982,204  |

42.4%

| 3.01  | 14,799,400  |

55.5%

| 2.48
West Sumatra | 4,846,909  |

29.0%

| 2.91  | 5,534,500  |

48.5%

| 2.46
Riau | 5,538,367  |

43.7%

| 2.82  | 6,394,100  |

40.0%

| 2.28
Jambi | 3,092,265  |

28.3%

| 2.51  | 3,548,200  |

33.8%

| 2.28
South Sumatra | 7,450,394  |

34.4%

| 2.56  | 8,467,400  |

37.7%

| 2.23
Bengkulu | 1,715,518  |

29.4%

| 2.51  | 2,010,700  |

33.3%

| 2.30
Lampung | 7,608,405  |

21.0%

| 2.45  | 9,007,800  |

32.9%

| 2.28
Bangka Belitung Islands | 1,223,296  |

43.0%

| 2.54  | 1,455,700  |

57.6%

| 2.24
Riau Islands | 1,679,163  |

67.4%

| 2.38  | 2,064,600  |

87.1%

| 2.21
Banten | 10,632,166  |

52.2%

| 2.35  | 11,904,600  |

72.4%

| 2.01
Jakarta | 9,607,787  |

100.0%

| 1.82  | 10,562,100  |

100.0%

| 1.75
West Java | 43,053,732  |

50.3%

| 2.43  | 48,274,200  |

77.5%

| 2.11
Central Java | 32,382,657  |

40.4%

| 2.20  | 36,516,000  |

51.7%

| 2.09
Yogyakarta | 3,457,491  |

57.7%

| 1.94  | 3,668,700  |

73.1%

| 1.89
East Java | 37,476,757  |

40.9%

| 2.00  | 40,665,700  |

54.9%

| 1.98
Bali | 3,890,757  |

49.8%

| 2.13  | 4,317,400  |

66.9%

| 2.04
West Nusa Tenggara | 4,500,212  |

34.8%

| 2.59  | 5,320,100  |

49.6%

East Nusa Tenggara | 4,683,827  |

15.9%

| 3.82  | 5,325,600  |

25.9%

| 2.79
West Kalimantan | 4,395,983  |

25.1%

| 2.64  | 5,414,400  |

36.4%

| 2.33
Central Kalimantan | 2,212,089  |

27.5%

| 2.56  | 2,670,000  |

42.2%

| 2.31
South Kalimantan | 3,626,616  |

36.3%

| 2.35  | 4,073,600  |

48.5%

| 2.31
East Kalimantan | 3,028,487  |

57.6%

| 2.61  | 3,766,000  |

68.6%

| 2.18
North Kalimantan | 524,656  |  |  | 701,800  |

63.4%

North Sulawesi | 2,270,596  |

37.0%

| 2.43  | 2,621,900  |

53.7%

| 2.10
Gorontalo | 1,040,164  |

25.5%

| 2.76  | 1,171,700  |

43.5%

| 2.30
Central Sulawesi | 2,635,009  |

19.7%

| 2.94  | 2,985,700  |

31.5%

| 2.32
South Sulawesi | 8,034,776  |

29.4%

| 2.55  | 9,073,500  |

44.6%

| 2.22
Southeast Sulawesi | 2,232,586  |

20.8%

| 3.20  | 2,624,900  |

37.6%

| 2.57
West Sulawesi | 1,158,651  | \--  | 3.33  | 1,419,200  |

21.4%

| 2.58
Maluku | 1,533,506  |

25.9%

| 3.56  | 1,848,900  |

37.0%

| 2.52
North Maluku | 1,038,087  |

29.5%

| 3.35  | 1,282,900  |

27.3%

| 2.47
Papua | 2,833,381  |

22.2%

| 2.87  | 4,303,700  |

30.2%

| 2.76
West Papua | 760,422  | \--  | 3.18  | 1,134,100  |

42.8%

| 2.66
Indonesia | 237,641,326 |  | 2.41 | 270,203,900 |

56.4%

| 2.18

Source: Population Census 2010,[3] except for final column, taken from Population Census 2020.

Note: (a) North Kalimantan province was created in 2012 (by separation from East Kalimantan province); the 2010 total figures given are those for the provinces as they were following that splitting (Urban % and Total Fertility Rate columns unadjusted).

[1]

### Age structure

[edit]

0-14 years: 23.33%
15-64 years: 70.72%
65 years and over: 5.95% (2020 census)[14][15]

Age structure in Indonesia (2020)[2]

1. Minor: 0-14 years (23.3%)
2. Workforce: 15-64 years (70.7%)
3. Retiree: 65 years and over (6%)

Median age of Indonesia by district (2022)

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data are based on the publication: "Indonesia Population Projection 2015-2045"):[16]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 135 337 011  | 134 266 419  | 269 603 430  | 100
0–4  | 11 101 528  | 10 850 465  | 21 951 993  | 8.14
5–9  | 11 205 657  | 10 739 503  | 21 945 160  | 8.14
10–14  | 11 284 333  | 10 884 509  | 22 168 842  | 8.22
15–19  | 11 189 861  | 10 949 531  | 22 139 392  | 8.21
20–24  | 11 070 774  | 10 887 555  | 21 958 329  | 8.14
25–29  | 10 963 605  | 10 736 361  | 21 699 966  | 8.05
30–34  | 10 777 337  | 10 524 673  | 21 302 010  | 7.90
35–39  | 10 477 475  | 10 305 704  | 20 783 179  | 7.71
40–44  | 9 830 929  | 9 693 109  | 19 524 038  | 7.24
45–49  | 9 140 315  | 9 023 924  | 18 164 239  | 6.74
50–54  | 7 975 551  | 7 947 477  | 15 923 028  | 5.91
55–59  | 6 632 329  | 6 691 467  | 13 323 796  | 4.94
60–64  | 5 234 762  | 5 287 052  | 10 521 814  | 3.90
65-69  | 3 758 966  | 3 921 263  | 7 680 229  | 2.85
70-74  | 2 485 308  | 2 757 062  | 5 242 370  | 1.94
75+  | 2 208 281  | 3 066 764  | 5 275 045  | 1.96
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 33 591 518  | 32 474 477  | 66 065 995  | 24.50
15–64  | 93 292 938  | 92 046 853  | 185 339 791  | 68.75
65+  | 8 452 555  | 9 745 089  | 18 197 644  | 6.75

## Vital statistics

[edit]

Fertility rate of Indonesia by province (2017)

### United Nations estimates

[edit]

Period  | Population
(thousands)  | Live births
(thousands)  | Deaths
(thousands)  | Natural change
(thousands)  | CBR[i] | CDR[i] | NC[i] | TFR[i] | IMR[i] | Life expectancy
(years)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1950  | 69 568  | 2 826  | 1 505  | 1 321  | 40.6  | 21.6  | 19.0  | 5.19  | 189.1  | 39.40
1951  | 71 019  | 2 926  | 1 522  | 1 404  | 41.2  | 21.4  | 19.8  | 5.23  | 186.8  | 39.79
1952  | 72 571  | 3 035  | 1 517  | 1 518  | 41.8  | 20.9  | 20.9  | 5.27  | 182.0  | 40.69
1953  | 74 208  | 3 146  | 1 526  | 1 620  | 42.4  | 20.6  | 21.8  | 5.31  | 177.4  | 41.42
1954  | 75 925  | 3 257  | 1 533  | 1 723  | 42.9  | 20.2  | 22.7  | 5.35  | 172.9  | 42.19
1955  | 77 742  | 3 359  | 1 542  | 1 817  | 43.2  | 19.8  | 23.4  | 5.37  | 168.4  | 42.92
1956  | 79 662  | 3 475  | 1 544  | 1 931  | 43.6  | 19.4  | 24.2  | 5.41  | 164.0  | 43.80
1957  | 81 691  | 3 589  | 1 556  | 2 033  | 43.9  | 19.0  | 24.9  | 5.45  | 159.8  | 44.50
1958  | 83 819  | 3 701  | 1 575  | 2 126  | 44.2  | 18.8  | 25.4  | 5.48  | 155.8  | 45.05
1959  | 86 048  | 3 811  | 1 578  | 2 233  | 44.3  | 18.3  | 26.0  | 5.51  | 151.9  | 45.86
1960  | 88 383  | 3 929  | 1 593  | 2 337  | 44.5  | 18.0  | 26.4  | 5.55  | 148.3  | 46.45
1961  | 90 817  | 4 031  | 1 602  | 2 429  | 44.4  | 17.6  | 26.7  | 5.57  | 144.8  | 47.12
1962  | 93 345  | 4 127  | 1 603  | 2 523  | 44.2  | 17.2  | 27.0  | 5.59  | 141.4  | 47.87
1963  | 95 963  | 4 217  | 1 614  | 2 603  | 43.9  | 16.8  | 27.1  | 5.60  | 138.1  | 48.43
1964  | 98 675  | 4 304  | 1 609  | 2 695  | 43.6  | 16.3  | 27.3  | 5.61  | 134.8  | 49.23
1965  | 101 158  | 4 380  | 2 121  | 2 259  | 43.3  | 21.0  | 22.3  | 5.62  | 142.7  | 42.60
1966  | 103 561  | 4 426  | 1 740  | 2 686  | 42.7  | 16.8  | 25.9  | 5.60  | 129.5  | 48.20
1967  | 106 261  | 4 468  | 1 596  | 2 871  | 42.0  | 15.0  | 27.0  | 5.58  | 124.8  | 51.07
1968  | 109 139  | 4 503  | 1 594  | 2 909  | 41.3  | 14.6  | 26.7  | 5.54  | 121.4  | 51.63
1969  | 112 149  | 4 555  | 1 582  | 2 973  | 40.6  | 14.1  | 26.5  | 5.51  | 118.0  | 52.35
1970  | 115 228  | 4 596  | 1 576  | 3 021  | 39.9  | 13.7  | 26.2  | 5.45  | 114.6  | 52.99
1971  | 118 347  | 4 627  | 1 570  | 3 056  | 39.1  | 13.3  | 25.8  | 5.36  | 111.5  | 53.58
1972  | 121 504  | 4 667  | 1 560  | 3 107  | 38.4  | 12.8  | 25.6  | 5.29  | 108.4  | 54.24
1973  | 124 709  | 4 720  | 1 554  | 3 166  | 37.9  | 12.5  | 25.4  | 5.22  | 105.3  | 54.85
1974  | 127 945  | 4 727  | 1 547  | 3 180  | 37.0  | 12.1  | 24.9  | 5.09  | 102.3  | 55.43
1975  | 131 213  | 4 783  | 1 544  | 3 239  | 36.5  | 11.8  | 24.7  | 5.04  | 99.4  | 55.97
1976  | 134 521  | 4 813  | 1 540  | 3 273  | 35.8  | 11.5  | 24.3  | 4.92  | 96.8  | 56.51
1977  | 137 862  | 4 849  | 1 534  | 3 315  | 35.2  | 11.1  | 24.0  | 4.81  | 94.1  | 57.08
1978  | 141 251  | 4 908  | 1 535  | 3 373  | 34.7  | 10.9  | 23.9  | 4.72  | 91.6  | 57.57
1979  | 144 693  | 4 952  | 1 530  | 3 422  | 34.2  | 10.6  | 23.7  | 4.61  | 89.3  | 58.15
1980  | 148 177  | 4 981  | 1 521  | 3 460  | 33.6  | 10.3  | 23.4  | 4.49  | 86.9  | 58.75
1981  | 151 686  | 4 997  | 1 526  | 3 472  | 33.0  | 10.1  | 22.9  | 4.36  | 84.6  | 59.14
1982  | 155 229  | 5 036  | 1 514  | 3 522  | 32.4  | 9.8  | 22.7  | 4.25  | 82.3  | 59.76
1983  | 158 791  | 5 016  | 1 507  | 3 508  | 31.6  | 9.5  | 22.1  | 4.10  | 79.9  | 60.27
1984  | 162 332  | 4 986  | 1 502  | 3 484  | 30.7  | 9.3  | 21.5  | 3.94  | 77.6  | 60.73
1985  | 165 792  | 4 836  | 1 481  | 3 355  | 29.2  | 8.9  | 20.2  | 3.71  | 75.2  | 61.31
1986  | 169 135  | 4 736  | 1 472  | 3 264  | 28.0  | 8.7  | 19.3  | 3.53  | 72.8  | 61.72
1987  | 172 421  | 4 732  | 1 481  | 3 251  | 27.4  | 8.6  | 18.9  | 3.42  | 70.4  | 61.97
1988  | 175 695  | 4 738  | 1 495  | 3 244  | 27.0  | 8.5  | 18.5  | 3.33  | 68.0  | 62.21
1989  | 178 949  | 4 707  | 1 487  | 3 220  | 26.3  | 8.3  | 18.0  | 3.22  | 65.6  | 62.70
1990  | 182 160  | 4 647  | 1 477  | 3 170  | 25.5  | 8.1  | 17.4  | 3.10  | 63.1  | 63.18
1991  | 185 361  | 4 702  | 1 484  | 3 218  | 25.4  | 8.0  | 17.4  | 3.06  | 60.6  | 63.54
1992  | 188 558  | 4 644  | 1 468  | 3 176  | 24.6  | 7.8  | 16.8  | 2.94  | 58.1  | 64.13
1993  | 191 737  | 4 652  | 1 464  | 3 188  | 24.3  | 7.6  | 16.6  | 2.88  | 55.7  | 64.60
1994  | 194 929  | 4 681  | 1 481  | 3 201  | 24.0  | 7.6  | 16.4  | 2.84  | 53.3  | 64.86
1995  | 198 140  | 4 714  | 1 487  | 3 227  | 23.8  | 7.5  | 16.3  | 2.80  | 51.0  | 65.24
1996  | 201 374  | 4 762  | 1 519  | 3 244  | 23.6  | 7.5  | 16.1  | 2.77  | 48.9  | 65.36
1997  | 204 628  | 4 797  | 1 526  | 3 271  | 23.4  | 7.5  | 16.0  | 2.74  | 46.8  | 65.73
1998  | 207 855  | 4 744  | 1 544  | 3 200  | 22.8  | 7.4  | 15.4  | 2.66  | 44.8  | 65.96
1999  | 210 997  | 4 683  | 1 559  | 3 123  | 22.2  | 7.4  | 14.8  | 2.58  | 42.9  | 66.22
2000  | 214 072  | 4 680  | 1 581  | 3 099  | 21.9  | 7.4  | 14.5  | 2.54  | 41.1  | 66.43
2001  | 217 112  | 4 679  | 1 591  | 3 088  | 21.5  | 7.3  | 14.2  | 2.50  | 39.5  | 66.76
2002  | 220 115  | 4 662  | 1 596  | 3 066  | 21.2  | 7.2  | 13.9  | 2.46  | 37.8  | 67.13
2003  | 223 080  | 4 658  | 1 612  | 3 046  | 20.8  | 7.2  | 13.7  | 2.43  | 36.3  | 67.41
2004  | 225 939  | 4 678  | 1 807  | 2 871  | 20.8  | 8.1  | 12.7  | 2.42  | 36.9  | 65.75
2005  | 228 805  | 4 746  | 1 679  | 3 067  | 21.0  | 7.4  | 13.6  | 2.45  | 33.5  | 67.65
2006  | 231 797  | 4 819  | 1 698  | 3 121  | 20.9  | 7.4  | 13.5  | 2.46  | 32.2  | 67.91
2007  | 234 858  | 4 923  | 1 719  | 3 205  | 21.0  | 7.4  | 13.5  | 2.48  | 31.0  | 68.19
2008  | 237 937  | 4 927  | 1 763  | 3 164  | 20.5  | 7.4  | 13.1  | 2.44  | 29.8  | 68.23
2009  | 240 981  | 4 913  | 1 780  | 3 133  | 20.4  | 7.5  | 12.9  | 2.44  | 28.7  | 68.49
2010  | 244 016  | 4 920  | 1 807  | 3 112  | 20.4  | 7.5  | 12.8  | 2.46  | 27.6  | 68.68
2011  | 247 100  | 5 029  | 1 843  | 3 186  | 20.6  | 7.5  | 13.1  | 2.52  | 26.5  | 68.82
2012  | 250 223  | 5 028  | 1 875  | 3 153  | 20.4  | 7.5  | 12.9  | 2.51  | 25.6  | 68.97
2013  | 253 276  | 4 917  | 1 889  | 3 029  | 19.6  | 7.5  | 12.1  | 2.44  | 24.6  | 69.26
2014  | 256 230  | 4 857  | 1 904  | 2 953  | 19.1  | 7.5  | 11.6  | 2.39  | 23.7  | 69.53
2015  | 259 092  | 4 780  | 1 933  | 2 847  | 18.6  | 7.5  | 11.1  | 2.35  | 22.8  | 69.70
2016  | 261 850  | 4 718  | 1 972  | 2 746  | 18.1  | 7.5  | 10.6  | 2.31  | 22.0  | 69.80
2017  | 264 499  | 4 634  | 2 004  | 2 629  | 17.5  | 7.5  | 10.0  | 2.25  | 21.2  | 69.94
2018  | 267 067  | 4 588  | 2 002  | 2 586  | 17.1  | 7.6  | 9.6  | 2.22  | 20.5  | 70.34
2019  | 269 583  | 4 559  | 2 032  | 2 526  | 16.9  | 7.6  | 9.4  | 2.21  | 19.8  | 70.52
2020  | 271 858  | 4 526  |  2 437  | 2 089  | 16.7  | 8.8  | 7.8  | 2.19  | 19.2  | 68.81
2021  | 273 753  | 4 496  | 2 755  | 1 741  | 16.4  | 10.0  | 6.4  | 2.17  | 18.6  | 67.57
2022  |  |  |  |  | 16.2  | 7.5  | 8.7  | 2.15  |  |
2023  |  |  |  |  | 15.9  | 7.5  | 8.4  | 2.13  |  |
2024  |  |  |  |  | 15.8  | 7.6  | 8.1  | 2.11  |  |
2025  |  |  |  |  | 15.5  | 7.7  | 7.8  | 2.10  |  |

1. ^ a b c d e CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022[17]

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### Demographic and Health Surveys

[edit]

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[18]

Year  | Total  | Urban  | Rural

|
|
|

CBR | TFR  | CBR | TFR  | CBR | TFR
1981-1983  |  | 4.3  |  |  |  |
1987  |  | 3.4 (3.1)  |  | 2.9 (2.6)  |  | 3.7 (3.4)
1991  | 25.1  | 3.02 (2.50)  | 24.0  | 2.60 (2.03)  | 25.6  | 3.24 (2.73)
1994  |  | 2.9 (2.4)  |  | 2.3 (1.8)  |  | 3.2 (2.7)
1997  |  | 2.8 (2.4)  |  | 2.4 (2.0)  |  | 3.0 (2.6)
2002-2003  | 21.9  | 2.6 (2.2)  | 22.1  | 2.4 (2.1)  | 21.7  | 2.7 (2.3)
2007  | 20.9  | 2.6 (2.2)  | 20.2  | 2.3 (2.0)  | 21.5  | 2.8 (2.4)
2012  | 20.4  | 2.6 (2.0)  | 20.1  | 2.4 (1.9)  | 20.7  | 2.8 (2.2)
2017  | 18.1  | 2.4 (2.1)  | 17.7  | 2.3 (1.9)  | 18.5  | 2.6 (2.2)

### Fertility rate and aging population (by province)

[edit]

Total fertility rate (TFR) and population over age 60 by region as of 2010:[19]

Province  | Total fertility rate  | Population over age 60 (2010)

|
|

2010  | 2020
North Sumatera | 3.01  | 2.48 | 5.9
West Sumatera | 2.91  | 2.46 | 8.1
Riau | 2.82  | 2.28 | 4.0
Jambi | 2.51  | 2.28 | 5.5
South Sumatera | 2.56  | 2.23 | 6.2
Bengkulu | 2.51  | 2.30 | 5.8
Lampung | 2.45  | 2.28 | 7.2
Bangka Belitung | 2.54  | 2.24 | 5.8
Kepulauan Riau | 2.38  | 2.21 | 3.4
Jakarta | 1.82  | 1.75 | 5.1
West Java | 2.43  | 2.11 | 7.0
Central Java | 2.20  | 2.09 | 10.3
Yogyakarta | 1.94  | 1.89 | 12.9
East Java | 2.00  | 1.98 | 10.4
Banten | 2.35  | 2.01 | 4.6
Bali | 2.13  | 2.04 | 9.7
East Nusa Tenggara | 3.82  | 2.79 | 7.4
West Kalimantan | 2.64  | 2.33 | 5.8
Central Kalimantan | 2.56  | 2.31 | 4.6
South Kalimantan | 2.35  | 2.31 | 5.8
East Kalimantan | 2.61  | 2.18 | 4.0
North Sulawesi | 2.43  | 2.10 | 8.4
Central Sulawesi | 2.94  | 2.32 | 6.6
South Sulawesi | 2.55  | 2.22 | 8.2
Southeast Sulawesi | 3.20  | 2.57 | 5.8
Gorontalo | 2.76  | 2.30 | 5.9
West Sulawesi | 3.33  | 2.58 | 6.2
Maluku | 3.56  | 2.52 | 6.2
North Maluku | 3.35  | 2.47 | 4.8
West Papua | 3.18  | 2.66 | 3.2
Papua | 2.87  | 2.76 | 2.4

## Marriages and Divorces

[edit]

Marriages and Divorces in Indonesia  Year | Mid-year population | Marriages | Divorces

|
|
|

2007 | 234,858,000 | 1,944,569 | 175,713
2008 | 237,937,000 | 2,194,037 | 193,189
2009 | 240,981,000 | 2,162,115 | 223,371
2010 | 238,518,800 | 2,207,224 | 285,184
2011 | 247,100,000 | 2,319,821 | 276,791
2012 | 250,223,000 | 2,289,648 | 346,480
2013 | 253,276,000 | 2,210,046 | 324,247
2014 | 256,230,000 | 2,110,776 | 344,237
2015 | 255,587,500 | 1,958,394 | 347,256
2016 | 258,496,500 | 1,837,185 | 365,633
2018 | 264,161,600 | 2,016,171 | 408,202
2019 | 266,911,900 | 1,968,978 | 439,002
2020 | 270,203,900 | 1,780,346 | 291,677
2021 | 272,682,500 | 1,742,049 | 447,743
2022 | 275,773,000 | 1,705,348 | 516,344
2023 | 278,696,200 | 1,577,255 | 463,654
2024 | 281,603,800 | 1,478,302 | 394,608

Note: No data is available for 2017.

[20]

## Ethnic groups

[edit]

Ethnic groups |  | Percentage

|
|

Javanese |

| 40.06%
Sundanese |

| 15.51%
Malay |

| 3.70%
Batak |

| 3.58%
Madurese |

| 3.03%
Betawi |

| 2.88%
Minangkabau |

| 2.73%
Bugis |

| 2.71%
Bantenese |

| 1.96%
Banjarese |

| 1.74%
Balinese |

| 1.66%
Acehnese |

| 1.44%
Dayak |

| 1.36%
Sasak |

| 1.34%

Main article: Ethnic groups in Indonesia

See also: List of ethnic groups in Indonesia by population

Indonesia is a country of great ethnic diversity, with approximately 600 distinct indigenous ethnic groups living side by side across more than 17,000 islands.[21][22] The majority of Indonesia's population is descended from Austronesian peoples who are concentrated in western and central Indonesia, which is part of the Asian continent. Another large group is the Melanesian peoples, who inhabit the eastern part of Indonesia (the Maluku Islands, Western New Guinea, and the East Nusa Tenggara) in Oceania.[23][24][25]

The Javanese are the largest ethnic group, accounting for 40.2% of the population and are culturally, economically, and politically dominant. The Javanese are concentrated in Java, the most populous island, especially in the central and eastern parts, and also in significant numbers in most provinces due to extensive migration throughout the archipelago. The Sundanese are the next largest group (15.4%), followed by the Malays, Batak, Madurese, Betawi, Minangkabau, and Bugis. A sense of Indonesian nationalism is present along with strong ethnic and regional identities.[26]

## Languages

[edit]

Main article: Languages of Indonesia

Indonesian is the official and national language of Indonesia,[27] widely spoken by over 97% of the population.[28] However, Indonesia is a highly multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, there are currently 737 regional languages spoken across the Indonesian archipelago. This extensive linguistic diversity accounts for about 10% of the world’s total languages, making Indonesia the second most linguistically diverse country in the world.[29][30] The majority of these languages belong to the Austronesian language family, which is prevalent in the western and central regions of Indonesia, including languages such as Acehnese, Batak, Sundanese, Balinese, Banjarese and Buginese. In contrast, the eastern regions, particularly Papua and the Maluku Islands, are home to over 270 Papuan languages, which are distinct from the Austronesian language family and represent a unique linguistic heritage.[31] The most widely spoken language as a mother tongue is Javanese, spoken by over 80 million speakers, mainly in central and east Java, but also on many other islands due to migration.

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in Indonesia

Religion in Indonesia (2024)[32][33]

1. Islam (87.09%)
2. Protestantism (7.38%)
3. Roman Catholic (3.07%)
4. Hinduism (1.67%)
5. Buddhism (0.71%)
6. Folk/Other (0.04%)
7. Confucianism (0.03%)

Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation; based on civil registration data in 2024 from Ministry of Home Affairs, 87.09% of Indonesians are Muslims, 10.45% Christians (7.38% Protestants, 3.07% Roman Catholic), 1.67% Hindu, 0.71% Buddhists, 0.03% Confucians and 0.04% Folk and other faiths.[1] Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese[34] and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are Chinese.[35]

## See also

[edit]

* Indonesia portal

* Census in Indonesia
* Culture of Indonesia
* Native Indonesians
* Overseas Indonesian
* Transmigration program

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "Population Geographic Information System". Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration (Dukcapil). Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2025.
2. ^ a b c "Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 21 January 2021. p. 9\. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
3. ^ a b "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010". Statistics Indonesia. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
4. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, 2025.
5. ^ Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2023 ~(https://webapi.bps.go.id/download.php?f=603cXqPpJ1BhatsSfWE2yuhpRf3enmqavnkjhP1pvbLequb3n+oKUmXTRDpHn5lKFsTwDIXGUfWQB9T673DIELvjplkdUUuC2CggpdYbesXDeJGhuZe3MmwR0n6KDrcuobXbIM6h6f4XFVQcUcDvTgfOR7v0VF+ndkXkdeidcrwsp8LXQ8EEX5DP4lmBSwIQiXV7pshJjDbTb0QmuSigNSpIwyo4UJLeLJJ4NbeoCFQlQDgwCyeRXK5Qqj8sAvoWX0i1p5E64FCvTfUicFGpDQ==[permanent dead link]).
6. ^ Witton, Patrick (2003). Indonesia. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. p. 47\. ISBN 1-74059-154-2.
7. ^ "Indonesia Demographics Profile". Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
8. ^ "Indonesia Population – Our World in Data". ourworldindata.org. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
9. ^ "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010". Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
10. ^ Wertheim, W. F. (1959). Indonesian Society in Transition (Second (revised) ed.). 's-Gravenhage: Uitgeverij W. van Hoeve. p. 370.
11. ^ Geografi dan Kependudukan untuk SMP kelas 2 [Geography and Demographics for High School Grade 2] (in Indonesian). FA. Hasmar. 1976.
12. ^ Nitisastro, Widjojo (2006). Population trends in Indonesia. Equinox. ISBN 9789793780436.
13. ^ "Long Form Sensus Penduduk 2020 - Badan Pusat Statistik". sensus.bps.go.id. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
14. ^ "The Indonesian Population Census 2020 Highlights" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2021.
15. ^ "Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia: Statistics Indonesia Releases 2020 Census Results". 23 January 2021. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
16. ^ "UNSD – Demographic and Social Statistics". Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
17. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2022). "World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XLS (91MB)). United Nations Population Division. 27 (Online ed.). New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. rows 8285:8356, cols M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022.
18. ^ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". Archived from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
19. ^ http://www.ifa-fiv.org/wp-content/2014/09/Indonesian_Ageing_Monograph-print-version1.pdf[permanent dead link]
20. ^ "Number of Marriages and Divorces by Province (Incident), 2024". Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Retrieved 5 May 2025.
21. ^ Ananta et al. 2015, pp. 12, 27–28.
22. ^ "Mengulik Data Suku di Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
23. ^ Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia. Yale University Press. pp. 5–7\. ISBN 978-0-300-09709-2.
24. ^ Witton 2003, pp. 139, 181, 251, 435.
25. ^ Dawson, B.; Gillow, J. (1994). The Traditional Architecture of Indonesia. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. p. 7\. ISBN 978-0-500-34132-2.
26. ^ Ananta, Aris (29 April 2016). Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. ISBN 978-981-4695-94-7.
27. ^ Article 36 of The 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia  – via Wikisource.
28. ^ "Long Form Census 2020", Statistics Indonesia (in Indonesian)
29. ^ Lewis, M. Paul (2009), Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.), SIL International, retrieved 17 November 2009
30. ^ "What Countries Have the Most Languages?". Ethnologue. 22 May 2019. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
31. ^ Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2018). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty-first edition. SIL International. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2018. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
32. ^ "Religion in Indonesia".
33. ^ Muslim 244 Million (87.1), Christianity 29.4 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.73 million (1.7), Buddhist 2 million (0.7), Folk, Confucianism, and others 175.064 (0.1), Total 280.725.428 Million
34. ^ Oey, Eric (1997). Bali (3rd ed.). Singapore: Periplus Editions. ISBN 962-593-028-0.
35. ^ "Indonesia – Buddhism". U.S. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2006.

## Sources

[edit]

* Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya; Hasbullah, M Sairi; Handayani, Nur Budi; Pramono, Agus (2015). Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-4519-87-8.

## External links

[edit]

* Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics Archived 4 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in Indonesian)
* CIA World Factbook article on Indonesia Archived 10 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine
* On Indonesians of Arab descent
* United Nations "World Population Prospects": Country Profile – Indonesia[permanent dead link]

* v
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Ethnic groups in Indonesia

Indonesians

Sumatra|

| Batak|

* Alas
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* Karo
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|

Aboriginal Malay|

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|

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|

Other|

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|

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