Demographics of Kazakhstan

"Kazakhstani" redirects here. For other uses, see Kazakh (disambiguation).

Demographics of Kazakhstan

Population pyramid of Kazakhstan in 2023

Population| 20,182,003 (1 August 2024)[1]
Density| 7.40651/km2
Growth rate| 8.6/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Birth rate| 17.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Death rate| 8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Life expectancy| 73.3 years (2024 est.)[2]
• male| 69 years
• female| 77.9 years
Fertility rate| 2.96 children born/woman (2023 est.)[3]
Infant mortality rate| 8 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Net migration rate| −0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years| 29.5% (male 3,001,983/female 2,833,471)
15–64 years| 62.0% (male 6,028,354/female 6,224,431)
65 and over| 8.5% (male 617,364/female 1,061,204) (2023 Est.)[4]
Sex ratio
Total| 0.95 male(s)/female
At birth| 1.06 male(s)/female
Under 15| 1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years| 0.95 male(s)/female
65 and over| 0.54 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality| Kazakh(s) or Kazakhstani(s)
Major ethnic| Kazakh (71.3%)[5]
Minor ethnic|

*     * Russian (14.6%)
* Uzbek (3.3%)
* Ukrainian (1.8%)
* Uyghur (1.5%)
* German (1.1%)
* Tatar (1.1%)
* Others (5.3%)

Language
Official| Kazakh
Spoken| Languages of Kazakhstan

The demographics of Kazakhstan enumerate the demographic features of the population of Kazakhstan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Some use the word Kazakh to refer to the Kazakh ethnic group and language (autochthonous to Kazakhstan as well as parts of China and Mongolia) and Kazakhstani to refer to Kazakhstan and its citizens regardless of ethnicity,[6][7] but it is common to use Kazakh in both senses.[8][9][10] It is expected that by 2050, the population will range from 23.5 to 27.7 million people.[11]

## Overview

[edit]

Official estimates put the population of Kazakhstan at 20,182,003 as of August 2024, of which 62.7% is urban and 37.3% is rural population.[12] In a report released by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) in September 2021, the level of urbanization in Kazakhstan is estimated to reach 69.1% by 2050.[13]

The proportion of men makes up 48.85% and the proportion of women is 51.15%.

Ethnic Kazakhs make up 71%, Russians 14.9%, Uzbeks 3.3%, Ukrainians 1.9%, Uygur 1.5%, Germans 1.1%, Tatars 1.1%, and others 5.2%.

The first census in Kazakhstan was conducted under Russian Imperial rule in 1897, which estimated population at round 4 million people. Following censuses showed a growth until 1939, where numbers showed a decrease to 6,081 thousand relative to the previous census done 13 years earlier, due to famines of 1922 and 1933.

Main articles: Kazakh famine of 1919–1922 and Kazakh famine of 1932–33

But since 1939 population has steadily increased to 16.5 million in 1989, according to corresponding year census. Official estimates indicate that the population continued to increase after 1989, peaking out at 17 million in 1993 and then declining to 15 million in the 1999 census. The downward trend continued through 2002, when the estimated population bottomed out at 14.9 million, and then resumed its growth.[14] Significant numbers of Russians returned to Russia. Kazakhstan underwent significant urbanization during the first 50 years of the Soviet era, as the share of the rural population declined from more than 90% in the 1920s to less than 50% since the 1970s.[15] The fertility rate declined to amongst the lower rates in the world in 1999 and increased to again amongst the higher rates in the world in 2021.

## Population size and structure

[edit]

### Population of Kazakhstan 1897–2024

[edit]

Year  | Population (thousands)  | Urban, %  | Rural, %  | Source

|
|
|
|

1897  | 4,000  | —  | —  | census
1926  | 6,198  | —  | —  | census
1939  | 6,081  |

28%

72%

| census
1959  | 9,295  |

44%

56%

| census
1970  | 13,001  |

50%

50%

| census
1979  | 14,685  |

54%

46%

| census
1989  | 16,537  |

57%

43%

| census
1999  | 14,953  |

57%

43%

| census
2009  | 15,982  |

54%

46%

| census
2021  | 19,186  |

61%

39%

| census
2024  | 20,182  |

63%

37%

| estimate

Data sources: Population 1897 from Russian Empire Census. Population 1926 from First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union. Population 1939–1999 from demoscope.ru,[14] 2002–2008 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site.[16] Rural/urban shares 1939–1993 from statistical yearbooks, print editions,[15] 2002–2008 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site.[16] 2009–2014 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site.[17]

As of 2003, there were discrepancies between Western sources regarding the population of Kazakhstan. United States government sources, including the CIA World Fact Book and the US Census Bureau International Data Base, listed the population as 15,340,533,[18] while the World Bank gave a 2002 estimate of 14,858,948.[19] This discrepancy was presumably due to difficulties in measurement caused by the large migratory population in Kazakhstan, emigration, and low population density – only about 5.5 persons per km2 in an area the size of Western Europe.

### Structure of the population

[edit]

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021) (Data refer to resident population.):[20]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 9 223 589  | 9 777 399  | 19 000 988  | 100
0  | 223 552  | 209 539  | 433 090  | 2.28
1–4  | 818 257  | 766 788  | 1 585 045  | 8.34
5–9  | 982 270  | 927 108  | 1 909 377  | 10.05
10–14  | 857 617  | 811 696  | 1 669 313  | 8.76
15–19  | 643 879  | 610 943  | 1 254 821  | 6.60
20–24  | 568 174  | 544 634  | 1 112 808  | 5.86
25–29  | 699 428  | 680 033  | 1 379 461  | 7.26
30–34  | 793 785  | 815 781  | 1 609 566  | 8.47
35–39  | 690 052  | 709 580  | 1 399 631  | 7.37
40–44  | 586 612  | 615 237  | 1 201 849  | 6.33
45–49  | 525 164  | 576 347  | 1 101 510  | 5.80
50–54  | 475 079  | 532 077  | 1 007 156  | 5.30
55–59  | 449 996  | 534 713  | 984 709  | 5.18
60–64  | 375 734  | 486 204  | 861 938  | 4.54
65–69  | 241 436  | 361 664  | 603 099  | 3.17
70–74  | 149 026  | 263 406  | 412 432  | 2.17
75–79  | 60 581  | 122 881  | 183 462  | 0.97
80–84  | 57 026  | 141 863  | 198 889  | 1.05
85–89  | 17 029  | 47 320  | 64 348  | 0.34
90–94  | 5 915  | 15 747  | 21 662  | 0.11
95–99  | 1 980  | 3 013  | 4 993  | 0.03
100+  | 1 002  | 831  | 1 832  | 0.01
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 2 881 696  | 2 715 129  | 5 596 825  | 29.46
15–64  | 5 807 898  | 6 105 548  | 11 913 446  | 62.70
65+  | 533 995  | 956 722  | 1 490 717  | 7.84

Structure of the population (01.01.2021) (Estimates):[21]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 9 160 399  | 9 719 153  | 18 879 552  | 100
0–15  | 2 980 297  | 2 809 236  | 5 789 533  | 30.7
16–62(59)  | 5 524 137  | 5 485 235  | 11 009 372  | 58.3
63(60)+  | 655 965  | 1 424 682  | 2 080 647  | 11.0

The age group under 15 is considered below the working age, while the age group over 63(60) is above the working age (63 years for men, 60 for women).

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## Vital statistics

[edit]

### Births and deaths

[edit]

[22][23][24] [25]

| Average population  | Live births1 | Deaths1 | Natural change1 | Crude birth rate (per 1000)  | Crude death rate (per 1000)  | Natural change (per 1000)  | Crude migration change (per 1000)  | Fertility rates  | Life expectancy

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1950  | 6,703,000  | 254,169  | 79,005  | 175,164  | 37.9  | 11.8  | 26.1  |
1951  | 6,946,000  | 272,354  | 80,553  | 191,801  | 39.2  | 11.6  | 27.6  | 8.7
1952  | 7,133,000  | 265,235  | 85,241  | 179,994  | 37.2  | 12.0  | 25.2  | 1.7
1953  | 7,271,000  | 262,758  | 73,930  | 188,828  | 36.1  | 10.2  | 26.0  | -6.7
1954  | 7,528,000  | 278,420  | 76,092  | 202,328  | 37.0  | 10.1  | 26.9  | 8.4
1955  | 7,992,000  | 299,854  | 73,283  | 226,571  | 37.5  | 9.2  | 28.3  | 33.3
1956  | 8,426,000  | 305,430  | 64,807  | 240,623  | 36.3  | 7.7  | 28.6  | 25.7
1957  | 8,722,000  | 326,766  | 68,050  | 258,716  | 37.5  | 7.8  | 29.7  | 5.4
1958  | 9,077,000  | 336,020  | 62,680  | 273,340  | 37.0  | 6.9  | 30.1  | 10.6
1959  | 9,516,000  | 349,794  | 69,602  | 280,192  | 36.8  | 7.3  | 29.4  | 19.0
1960  | 9,996,000  | 372,595  | 65,667  | 306,928  | 37.2  | 6.6  | 30.7  | 19.7
1961  | 10,480,000  | 377,789  | 68,610  | 309,179  | 36.1  | 6.5  | 29.5  | 18.9
1962  | 10,958,000  | 369,002  | 70,952  | 298,050  | 33.7  | 6.5  | 27.2  | 18.4
1963  | 11,321,000  | 346,084  | 67,218  | 278,866  | 30.6  | 5.9  | 24.6  | 8.5
1964  | 11,610,000  | 324,412  | 66,197  | 258,215  | 27.9  | 5.7  | 22.2  | 3.3
1965  | 11,909,000  | 314,533  | 69,803  | 244,730  | 26.4  | 5.9  | 20.6  | 5.2
1966  | 12,185,000  | 307,905  | 69,402  | 238,503  | 25.3  | 5.7  | 19.6  | 3.6
1967  | 12,456,000  | 301,715  | 71,824  | 229,891  | 24.2  | 5.8  | 18.5  | 3.7
1968  | 12,694,000  | 296,882  | 73,496  | 223,386  | 23.4  | 5.8  | 17.6  | 1.5
1969  | 12,901,000  | 297,129  | 78,660  | 218,469  | 23.0  | 6.1  | 16.9  | -0.6
1970  | 13,106,000  | 301,451  | 77,619  | 223,832  | 23.0  | 5.9  | 17.1  | -1.2
1971  | 13,321,000  | 317,423  | 79,881  | 237,542  | 23.8  | 6.0  | 17.8  | -1.4
1972  | 13,534,000  | 318,551  | 85,122  | 233,429  | 23.5  | 6.3  | 17.2  | -1.2
1973  | 13,742,000  | 321,075  | 90,282  | 230,793  | 23.4  | 6.6  | 16.8  | -1.4
1974  | 13,955,000  | 338,291  | 93,582  | 244,709  | 24.2  | 6.7  | 17.5  | -2.0
1975  | 14,136,000  | 343,668  | 101,865  | 241,803  | 24.3  | 7.2  | 17.1  | -4.1
1976  | 14,279,000  | 350,362  | 103,892  | 246,470  | 24.5  | 7.3  | 17.3  | -7.2
1977  | 14,425,000  | 349,379  | 105,376  | 244,003  | 24.2  | 7.3  | 16.9  | -6.7
1978  | 14,589,000  | 355,337  | 107,293  | 248,044  | 24.4  | 7.4  | 17.0  | -5.6
1979  | 14,743,000  | 354,320  | 113,687  | 240,633  | 24.0  | 7.7  | 16.3  | -5.7
1980  | 14,884,000  | 356,013  | 119,078  | 236,935  | 23.9  | 8.0  | 15.9  | -6.3
1981  | 15,033,000  | 367,950  | 120,974  | 246,976  | 24.5  | 8.0  | 16.4  | -6.4
1982  | 15,185,000  | 373,416  | 120,165  | 253,251  | 24.6  | 7.9  | 16.7  | -6.6
1983  | 15,334,000  | 378,577  | 123,807  | 254,770  | 24.7  | 8.1  | 16.6  | -6.8
1984  | 15,481,000  | 399,403  | 129,796  | 269,607  | 25.8  | 8.4  | 17.4  | -7.8  | 3.04
1985  | 15,623,000  | 396,929  | 126,786  | 270,143  | 25.4  | 8.1  | 17.3  | -8.1  | 3.02
1986  | 15,776,000  | 410,846  | 119,149  | 291,697  | 26.0  | 7.6  | 18.5  | -8.7  | 3.13
1987  | 15,948,000  | 417,139  | 122,835  | 294,304  | 26.2  | 7.7  | 18.5  | -7.6  | 3.19
1988  | 16,188,000  | 407,116  | 126,898  | 280,218  | 25.3  | 7.9  | 17.4  | -2.4  | 3.13
1989  | 16,243,000  | 382,269  | 126,378  | 255,891  | 23.5  | 7.8  | 15.8  | -12.4  | 2.81
1990  | 16,328,000  | 362,081  | 128,576  | 233,505  | 22.2  | 7.9  | 14.3  | -9.1  | 2.72
1991  | 16,405,000  | 353,174  | 134,324  | 218,850  | 21.5  | 8.2  | 13.3  | -8.6  | 2.67
1992  | 16,439,000  | 337,612  | 137,518  | 200,094  | 20.5  | 8.4  | 12.2  | -10.1  | 2.62
1993  | 16,381,000  | 315,482  | 156,070  | 159,412  | 19.3  | 9.5  | 9.7  | -13.2  | 2.54
1994  | 16,146,000  | 305,624  | 160,339  | 145,285  | 18.9  | 9.9  | 9.0  | -23.3  | 2.43
1995  | 15,816,000  | 276,125  | 168,656  | 107,469  | 17.5  | 10.7  | 6.8  | -27.2  | 2.21
1996  | 15,578,000  | 253,175  | 166,028  | 87,147  | 16.3  | 10.7  | 5.6  | -20.6  | 2.02
1997  | 15,334,000  | 232,356  | 160,138  | 72,218  | 15.2  | 10.4  | 4.7  | -20.4  | 1.93
1998  | 15,072,000  | 222,380  | 154,314  | 68,066  | 14.8  | 10.2  | 4.5  | -21.6  | 1.81
1999  | 14,939,000  | 217,578  | 147,416  | 70,162  | 14.6  | 9.9  | 4.7  | -13.5  | 1.80  | 65.6
2000  | 14,883,626  | 222,054  | 149,778  | 72,276  | 14.9  | 10.1  | 4.9  | -8.6  | 1.88  | 65.5
2001  | 14,858,335  | 221,487  | 147,876  | 73,611  | 14.9  | 9.9  | 5.0  | -6.7  | 1.84  | 65.8
2002  | 14,858,948  | 227,171  | 149,381  | 77,790  | 15.3  | 10.1  | 5.2  | -5.2  | 1.88  | 66.0
2003  | 14,909,018  | 247,946  | 155,277  | 92,669  | 16.6  | 10.4  | 6.2  | -2.8  | 2.03  | 65.8
2004  | 15,012,985  | 273,028  | 152,250  | 120,778  | 18.2  | 10.1  | 8.1  | -1.1  | 2.21  | 66.2
2005  | 15,147,029  | 278,977  | 157,121  | 121,856  | 18.4  | 10.4  | 8.1  | 0.8  | 2.22  | 65.9
2006  | 15,308,084  | 301,756  | 157,210  | 144,546  | 19.7  | 10.3  | 9.4  | 1.2  | 2.36  | 66.2
2007  | 15,484,192  | 321,963  | 158,297  | 163,666  | 20.8  | 10.2  | 10.6  | 0.9  | 2.47  | 66.3
2008  | 15,674,000  | 357,555  | 152,878  | 204,677  | 22.8  | 9.8  | 13.0  | -0.7  | 2.68  | 67.1
2009  | 16,092,822  | 356,261  | 142,883  | 213,378  | 22.1  | 8.9  | 13.3  | 13.4  | 2.55  | 68.4
2010  | 16,321,872  | 367,707  | 146,027  | 221,680  | 22.5  | 9.0  | 13.6  | 0.6  | 2.59  | 68.5
2011  | 16,557,201  | 372,690  | 144,323  | 228,367  | 22.5  | 8.7  | 13.8  | 0.6  | 2.59  | 68.7
2012  | 16,792,089  | 381,153  | 143,411  | 237,742  | 22.7  | 8.5  | 14.2  | 0  | 2.62  | 69.5
2013  | 17,035,550  | 387,256  | 136,368  | 250,888  | 22.7  | 8.0  | 14.7  | -0.2  | 2.64  | 70.6
2014  | 17,288,285  | 399,309  | 132,287  | 267,022  | 23.1  | 7.7  | 15.5  | -0.7  | 2.73  | 71.4
2015  | 17,542,806  | 398,458  | 130,811  | 267,647  | 22.7  | 7.5  | 15.3  | -0.6  | 2.74  | 72.0
2016  | 17,794,055  | 400,694  | 131,231  | 269,463  | 22.5  | 7.4  | 15.2  | -0.9  | 2.77  | 72.4
2017  | 18,037,775  | 390,262  | 129,009  | 261,253  | 21.6  | 7.2  | 14.5  | -0.8  | 2.75  | 73.0
2018  | 18,276,452  | 397,799  | 130,448  | 267,351  | 21.8  | 7.1  | 14.6  | -1.4  | 2.84  | 73.2
2019  | 18,513,673  | 402,310  | 133,128  | 269,182  | 21.7  | 7.2  | 14.5  | -1.5  | 2.90  | 73.2
2020  | 18,755,665  | 426,824  | 161,333  | 265,491  | 22.8  | 8.6  | 14.2  | -1.1  | 3.13  | 71.4
2021  | 19,000,987  | 446,491  | 182,403  | 264,088  | 23.5  | 9.6  | 13.9  | -0.8  | 3.32  | 70.2
2022  | 19,634,983  | 403,893  | 133,523  | 270,370  | 20.6  | 6.8  | 13.8  | 19.6  | 3.05  | 74.4
2023  | 19,900,325  | 388,428  | 130,686  | 257,742  | 19.5  | 6.6  | 13.0  | 0.5  | 2.96  | 75.1
2024[26] | 20,159,963  | 365,923  | 132,900  | 233,078  | 18.2  | 6.6  | 11.6  | 0.9  | 2.80  | 75.4

1 Births and deaths until 1979 are estimates.

#### Current vital statistics

[edit]

[27]

Period  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural increase

|
|
|

January—June 2024 | 184,673  | 66,097  | +118,576
January—June 2025 | 161,237  | 64,574  | +96,663
Difference |  -23,436 (-12.69%)  |  -1,523 (-2.30%)  |  -21,913

### Total fertility rate

[edit]

Total Fertility Rate of Kazakhstan by region (2021)

Total fertility rate by regions of Kazakhstan:

Mangystau – 3.80
South Kazakhstan – 3.71
Kyzylorda – 3.42
Atyrau – 3.29
Jambyl – 3.20
Aqtobe – 2.70
Almaty (province) – 2.65
Almaty (city) – 2.65
City of Astana – 2.44
West Kazakhstan – 2.29
Aqmola – 2.19
East Kazakhstan – 2.07
Qaragandy – 2.04
Pavlodar – 1.98
North Kazakhstan – 1.72
Qostanay – 1.70
Republic of Kazakhstan – 2.65

Thus it can be seen that fertility rate is higher in more traditionalist and religious south and west, and lower in the north and east, where the percentage of Slavic and German population is still relatively high.[28][29][30]

According to the Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Survey in 1999, the TFR for Kazakhs was 2.5 and that for Russians was 1.38. TFR in 1989 for Kazakhs & Russians were 3.58 and 2.24 respectively.[31]

Year  | Kazakh
women  | Russian
women  | Ukrainian
women  | Uzbek
women

|
|
|
|

1989  | 3.58  | 2.24  | —  | —
1995  | 3.11  | 1.69  | —  | —
1999  | 2.50  | 1.38  | —  | —
2000  | 2.12  | 1.18  | 1.60  | 2.90
2001  | 2.11  | 1.17  | 1.59  | 2.92
2002  | 2.14  | 1.21  | 1.60  | 2.88
2003  | 2.30  | 1.30  | 1.71  | 3.10
2004  | 2.52  | 1.36  | 1.76  | 3.39
2005  | 2.54  | 1.35  | 1.73  | 3.32
2006  | 2.73  | 1.38  | 1.80  | 3.43

[32]

### Life expectancy at birth

[edit]

Life expectancy in Kazakhstan since 1868 Life expectancy in Kazakhstan since 1960 by gender Period  | Life expectancy in
Years  | Period  | Life expectancy in
Years

|
|
|

1950–1955  | 55.1  | 1985–1990  | 67.5
1955–1960  | 57.3  | 1990–1995  | 65.5
1960–1965  | 59.5  | 1995–2000  | 63.0
1965–1970  | 61.7  | 2000–2005  | 64.6
1970–1975  | 63.3  | 2005–2010  | 66.0
1975–1980  | 64.3  | 2010–2015  | 69.1
1980–1985  | 65.9  |  |

Source: UN World Population Prospects[33]

## Migration

[edit]

Net migration in Kazakhstan (2015–2024)  Year | Arrivals | Departures | Net migration

|
|
|

2015 | 16,581 | 30,047 | -13,466
2016 | 13,755 | 34,900 | -21,145
2017 | 15,595 | 37,725 | -22,130
2018 | 12,747 | 41,868 | -29,121
2019 | 12,255 | 45,225 | -32,970
2020 | 11,370 | 29,088 | -17,718
2021 | 11,039 | 32,256 | -21,217
2022 | 17,425 | 24,147 | -6,722
2023 | 25,387 | 16,094 | 9,293
2024 | 29,282 | 12,732 | 16,550

[34]

## Ethnic groups

[edit]

Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan (2025)[35]

Ethnic groups |  |
Kazakh |

| 71.3%
Russian |

|  14.6%
Uzbek |

| 3.3%
Ukrainian |

| 1.8%
Uyghur |

| 1.5%
German |

| 1.1%
Tatar |

| 1.1%
Other  |

| 5.3%

Main article: Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan

The share of Kazakhs in Kazakhstan by districts at the beginning of 2022 The share Russians by districts and cities of regional and republican subordination Kazakhstan in 2021 Kazakhstan demographics 1897–1970. Major ethnic groups. Famines marked in grey.

Kazakhstan's dominant ethnic group, the Kazakhs, traces its origins to the 15th century, when after the disintegration of Golden Horde, numbers of Turkic and Turco-Mongol tribes united to establish the Kazakh Khanate. With a cohesive culture and national identity, they constituted an absolute majority on the land until colonization by the Russian empire.

Russian advances into the territory of Kazakhstan began in the late 18th century, when the Kazakhs nominally accepted Russian rule in exchange for protection against repeated attacks by the western Mongolian Kalmyks. In the 1890s, Russian peasants began to settle on the fertile lands of northern Kazakhstan, causing many Kazakhs to move eastwards into Chinese territory in search of new grazing grounds. The 1906 completion of the Trans-Aral Railway between Orenburg and Tashkent further facilitated Russian colonization.[36][37]

The first collective farms were formed in Kazakhstan in 1921, populated primarily by Russians and Soviet deportees. In 1930, as part of the first Five Year Plan, the Soviet Government decreed measures of force sedentarization of nomads and their incorporation into collectivized farms. This movement resulted in devastating famines of the 1920s and of the 1930s, claiming the lives of an estimated 40% of ethnic Kazakhs (1.5 million), between 1930 and 1933.[38] Hundreds of thousands also fled to China, Iran and Afghanistan. The famine made Kazakhs a minority of the population of Kazakhstan, and only after the republic gained independence in 1991 did Kazakhs have a slim demographic majority within Kazakhstan.[36]

Demographics did shift in the 1950s and 1960s, when, as part of Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign, hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens relocated to the Kazakh steppes in order to farm. As recognized in the 1959 census, the Kazaks became the second-largest ethnic group in Kazakhstan for the first time in recorded history, comprising just 30% of the total population of Kazakhstan. Russians numbered 42.7%.[39]

Since the Soviet Union's collapse, the numbers of members of European ethnic groups has been falling and Asian groups have been continuously rising. According to 2024 estimates, the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan was approximately: 71% Kazakh, 14.9% Russian, 3.3% Uzbek, 1.9% Ukrainian, 1.5% Uyghur, 1.1% Tatar, 1.1% German, and <1% Korean, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Belarusian, Dungan, Kurdish, Tajik, Polish, Kyrgyz, Chechen.[40] According to 2021 Census, composition of child population was 79% Kazakh and 9.1% Russian.[41]

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in Kazakhstan

| Religion in Kazakhstan, 2021[42][43]

Islam |

| 69.3%
Christianity |

| 17.2%
No Response |

| 11.01%
Atheism |

| 2.25%
Other religions |

| 0.2%
|  |

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Agency for Strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National statistics - Main". stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 2023-06-18. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
2. ^ "Kazakhstan". 9 September 2024.
3. ^ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data. Archived from the original on 2023-05-26. Retrieved 2023-07-13.
4. ^ "Spreadsheets - Agency for Strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National statistics". stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 2023-07-13. Retrieved 2023-07-13.
5. ^ "Б-18-08-Г (англ) Т4". stat.gov.kz.
6. ^ Schreiber, Dagmar and Tredinnick, Jeremy. Kazakhstan. Odyssey Publications, 2010, p. 82.
7. ^ "Kazakhstan". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 21 January 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
8. ^ UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Kazakhstan, 2 Feb 2011 Archived 6 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
9. ^ "News & featured articles". Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
10. ^ "Ambassador Erlan A Idissov, Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the USA". Archived from the original on 2018-11-24. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
11. ^ Division, United Nations Population. "Total population by sex: Kazakhstan". Population Division Data Portal. Archived from the original on 2023-05-21. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
12. ^ "Agency for Strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National statistics - Main". stat.gov.kz. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
13. ^ September 2021, Saniya Bulatkulova in Nation on 8 (2021-09-08). "7 out of 10 People in Kazakhstan Are Expected to Live in Cities By 2050, According to UN". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2021-12-10.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
14. ^ a b Population dynamics and ethnic composition of Kazakhstan in the second half of the 20th century Archived 2020-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, Demoscope Weekly, No. 103-104, 3–16 March 2003 (in Russian)
15. ^ a b Statistical Yearbook of Kazakhstan, Almaty, various years since 1980 (in Russian)
16. ^ a b Population and social policy Archived 2009-07-13 at the Wayback Machine, Statistical Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (in Russian)
17. ^ [1] Archived 2017-05-12 at the Wayback Machine Statistical Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (in Russian)
18. ^ CIA Factbook (Kazakhstan) Archived 2021-01-09 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on May 2, 2008
19. ^ "World DataBank>World Development Indicators". databank.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
20. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". Archived from the original on 2023-11-11. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
21. ^ "stat.gov.kz". Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2021-05-12.
22. ^ "Demographic Yearbook". United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 2016-12-27. Retrieved 2011-02-25.[not specific enough to verify]
23. ^ "Халық". Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
24. ^ Естественное движение населения республик СССР, 1935 [Natural population growth of the Republics of the USSR, 1935] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
25. ^ "О демографической ситуации в Республике Казахстан". www.stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
26. ^ "The natural movement of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2024)". stat.gov.kz. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
27. ^ "Bureau of National Statistics". Archived from the original on 2023-05-12. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
28. ^ "Население". Archived from the original on 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
29. ^ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2013). "Fertility changes in Central Asia since 1980". Asian Population Studies. 9 (1): 50–77\. doi:10.1080/17441730.2012.752238. S2CID 154532617.
30. ^ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2015). "Explaining recent fertility increase in Central Asia". Asian Population Studies. 11 (2): 115–133\. doi:10.1080/17441730.2015.1027275. S2CID 153924060.
31. ^ "Kazakhstan: Demographic and Health Survey, 1999 – Final Report, Chapter 4: Fertility" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2003-09-28. Retrieved 2007-02-07.
32. ^ "ETHNIC DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILITY IN KAZAKHSTAN" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-16. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
33. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
34. ^ Kazakhstan Bureau of National Statistics – Migration Statistics
35. ^ "Қазақстан Республикасы халқының жекелеген этностары бойынша саны" [Population of Kazakhstan by ethnic group] (in Kazakh).
36. ^ a b Olcott, M. B. (1995). The Kazakhs. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
37. ^ Pierce, A. R. (1960) Russian Central Asia, 1867–1917: A study in colonial rule. Berkeley: University of California Press.
38. ^ Pianciola, Niccolò (2001). "The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931–1933". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 25 (3/4): 237–251\. ISSN 0363-5570. JSTOR 41036834.
39. ^ Zardykhan, Z. (2004). Russians in Kazakhstan and demographic change: Imperial legacy and the Kazakh way of nation building. Asian Ethnicity, 5(1), 61–79.
40. ^ https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/178068/file/en/ [bare URL]
41. ^ https://stat.gov.kz/upload/iblock/004/3kx97rnvyipmtdmbhj9cydnnl5do232t/С-18-Г-2018-2022 (англ).pdf [bare URL PDF]
42. ^ "2021 жылғы Қазақстан Республикасы халқының ұлттық санағының қорытындылары" [Results of the 2021 Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (in Kazakh). Agency of Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan National Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 2 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
43. ^ "How the Number of Believers Changed in Kazakhstan". 30 November 2022. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Rasuly-Paleczek, Gabriele; Katschnig, Julia (2005), Central Asia on Display: Proceedings of the VIIth Conference of the European Society for Central Asian Studies, LIT Verlag Münster, ISBN 978-3-8258-8309-6.

## External links

[edit]

For current data, use these sites.

* Population and social policy, Statistical Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (kaz)
* World Bank Database
* CIA World Fact Book page on Kazakhstan Archived 2021-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
* US Census Bureau International Data Base
* countrystudies.us Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
* WESP population statistics Archived 2006-05-02 at the Wayback Machine
* Russians left behind in Central Asia Archived 2013-09-11 at the Wayback Machine

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Kazakhstan articles

History|

| Prehistory|

* Saka
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|

Early history|

* Tele
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* Kangar union
* Kimek Khanate
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* Xueyantuo Khaganate
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* Kyrgyz Khaganate
* Kara-Khanid Khanate
* Mongol Empire
* Chagatai Khanate
* Golden Horde
* White Horde
* Uzbek Khanate

Since 1465|

* Kazakh Khanate
* List of Kazakh khans
* Jüz
* Russian Turkestan
* Alash Autonomy
* Kazakh ASSR
* Kazakh SSR
* Republic of Kazakhstan

By topic|

* Postal

Geography|

* Aktogay Canyon
* Altay (Altai) Mountains
* Aral Karakum Desert
* Borders
* Caspian Sea
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* Khan Tangiri Shyngy
* Kyzylkum Desert
* Lake Balkhash
* Sharyn Canyon
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