Demographics of Madagascar

Population pyramid of Madagascar in 2020

Population| 28,172,462 (2022 est.)
Growth rate| 2.27% (2022 est.)
Birth rate| 28.68 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate| 6 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate| 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years| 38.86%
65 and over| 3.47%
Nationality
Nationality| Malagasy
Language
Official| Malagasy, French

Demographic features of the population of Madagascar include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Madagascar's population is predominantly of mixed Austronesian and East-African origin.

Since the country's independence in 1960, three general census of population and dwellings (RGPH) have been conducted by the national statistics office INSTAT under the supervision of the ministry of economy. The first census in 1975 counted 7.4 million Malagasy people, the second one in 1993 censused 12.3 million citizens and the 18h May to 10 June 2018 census numbered 25 674 186 inhabitants.[1]

## Population

[edit]

Demographics of Madagascar, Data of Our World in Data, year 2022; number of inhabitants in millions. Population density of Madagascar as of 2004

The problem with population estimation in Madagascar is that data is very old and limited. The last population census was carried out in 1993, after an initial 1975 census. There was an attempt at a census in 2009, but this attempt ultimately failed due to political instability. Therefore, the demographic situation is inferred but reliability of any estimates from any source has a large margin of error. According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[2][3] the total population was 28,915,653 in 2021, compared to only 4,084,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 43.1%, 53.8% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.1% was 65 years or older.[4]

| Total
population  | Population percentages

|
|

aged 0–14  | aged 15–64  | aged 65+
1950  | 4 084 000  |

38.2%

58.6%

3.2%

1955  | 4 548 000  |

40.2%

56.6%

3.2%

1960  | 5 104 000  |

42.6%

54.1%

3.3%

1965  | 5 764 000  |

44.6%

52.0%

3.4%

1970  | 6 549 000  |

45.1%

51.3%

3.6%

1975  | 7 502 000  |

45.6%

50.6%

3.8%

1980  | 8 609 000  |

45.9%

50.5%

3.6%

1985  | 9 785 000  |

45.1%

51.6%

3.3%

1990  | 11 281 000  |

44.7%

52.1%

3.2%

1995  | 13 129 000  |

44.5%

52.4%

3.1%

2000  | 15 364 000  |

45.3%

51.6%

3.1%

2005  | 17 886 000  |

44.6%

52.3%

3.1%

2010  | 20 714 000  |

43.1%

53.8%

3.1%

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2019) (Unrevised data. Data refer to projections based on the 1993 Population Census.):[5]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 12 668 593  | 12 919 924  | 25 588 517  |

100%

0–4  | 2 140 990  | 2 208 330  | 4 349 320  |

17.00%

5–9  | 2 046 090  | 2 055 178  | 4 101 267  |

16.03%

10–14  | 1 787 232  | 1 715 544  | 3 502 776  |

13.69%

15–19  | 1 395 251  | 1 354 185  | 2 749 436  |

10.74%

20–24  | 894 670  | 1 035 834  | 1 930 504  |

7.54%

25–29  | 791 824  | 871 146  | 1 662 969  |

6.50%

30–34  | 723 266  | 769 648  | 1 492 914  |

5.83%

35–39  | 657 405  | 701 492  | 1 358 897  |

5.31%

40–44  | 529 353  | 577 400  | 1 106 753  |

4.33%

45–49  | 499 305  | 520 776  | 1 020 081  |

3.99%

50–54  | 446 371  | 379 375  | 825 746  |

3.23%

55–59  | 292 937  | 246 664  | 539 601  |

2.11%

60–64  | 163 388  | 178 418  | 341 806  |

1.34%

65-69  | 111 931  | 108 062  | 219 993  |

0.86%

70-74  | 91 962  | 89 849  | 181 811  |

0.71%

75-79  | 53 430  | 56 044  | 109 474  |

0.43%

80-84  | 29 565  | 33 412  | 62 977  |

0.25%

85+  | 13 625  | 18 568  | 32 193  |

0.13%

Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 5 974 312  | 5 979 052  | 11 953 364  |

46.71%

15–64  | 6 393 768  | 6 634 937  | 13 028 705  |

50.92%

65+  | 300 513  | 305 935  | 606 448  |

2.37%

### UN population projections

[edit]

UN medium variant projections:[4]

Year | Projected population

|

2015 | 23,852,000
2020 | 27,365,000
2025 | 31,217,000
2030 | 35,333,000
2035 | 39,643,000
2040 | 44,132,000
2045 | 48,782,000
2050 | 53,561,000
2060 | 65,280,000

## Vital statistics

[edit]

Registration of vital events in Madagascar is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.

Period  | Live births per year  | Deaths per year  | Natural change per year  | CBR[i] | CDR[i] | NC[i] | TFR[i] | IMR[i]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1950  | 192,000  | 96,000  | 96,000  | 48.6  | 24.4  | 24.2  | 7.30  | 140.1
1951  | 196,000  | 99,000  | 98,000  | 48.5  | 24.3  | 24.1  | 7.30  | 138.8
1952  | 201,000  | 100,000  | 101,000  | 48.4  | 24.2  | 24.3  | 7.30  | 137.4
1953  | 206,000  | 102,000  | 104,000  | 48.4  | 23.9  | 24.5  | 7.30  | 135.5
1954  | 211,000  | 103,000  | 108,000  | 48.4  | 23.7  | 24.7  | 7.30  | 133.4
1955  | 216,000  | 104,000  | 111,000  | 48.3  | 23.3  | 24.9  | 7.30  | 131.2
1956  | 221,000  | 106,000  | 115,000  | 48.2  | 23.1  | 25.1  | 7.30  | 130.0
1957  | 226,000  | 107,000  | 119,000  | 48.1  | 22.7  | 25.4  | 7.30  | 128.4
1958  | 231,000  | 108,000  | 123,000  | 47.9  | 22.3  | 25.6  | 7.30  | 126.7
1959  | 236,000  | 109,000  | 127,000  | 47.6  | 22.0  | 25.7  | 7.30  | 124.9
1960  | 240,000  | 109,000  | 131,000  | 47.3  | 21.5  | 25.8  | 7.30  | 122.9
1961  |   245,000  |   110,000  |   135,000  | 47.0  | 21.1  | 25.9  | 7.30  | 121.4
1962  |   250,000  |   111,000  |   139,000  | 46.7  | 20.7  | 26.0  | 7.30  | 119.5
1963  |   255,000  |   112,000  |   143,000  | 46.5  | 20.4  | 26.1  | 7.31  | 117.9
1964  |   261,000  |   112,000  |   148,000  | 46.3  | 20.0  | 26.4  | 7.31  | 116.4
1965  |   267,000  |   114,000  |   153,000  | 46.1  | 19.7  | 26.5  | 7.31  | 114.9
1966  |   275,000  |   115,000  |   160,000  | 46.4  | 19.4  | 27.0  | 7.31  | 113.8
1967  |   284,000  |   116,000  |   168,000  | 46.6  | 19.0  | 27.6  | 7.30  | 112.0
1968  |   294,000  |   117,000  |   177,000  | 46.9  | 18.6  | 28.2  | 7.30  | 109.8
1969  |   305,000  |   118,000  |   187,000  | 47.2  | 18.3  | 28.9  | 7.29  | 107.3
1970  |   317,000  |   119,000  |   197,000  | 47.6  | 18.0  | 29.7  | 7.27  | 105.8
1971  |   331,000  |   121,000  |   210,000  | 48.4  | 17.7  | 30.7  | 7.25  | 103.9
1972  |   341,000  |   123,000  |   218,000  | 48.3  | 17.4  | 30.9  | 7.22  | 101.6
1973  |   349,000  |   124,000  |   225,000  | 47.9  | 17.0  | 30.9  | 7.19  | 99.8
1974  |   356,000  |   125,000  |   231,000  | 47.5  | 16.7  | 30.8  | 7.15  | 98.8
1975  |   364,000  |   127,000  |   237,000  | 47.2  | 16.5  | 30.7  | 7.10  | 98.4
1976  |   373,000  |   131,000  |   243,000  | 46.9  | 16.4  | 30.5  | 7.04  | 99.7
1977  |   383,000  |   134,000  |   249,000  | 46.7  | 16.3  | 30.3  | 6.98  | 100.9
1978  |   392,000  |   137,000  |   255,000  | 46.4  | 16.3  | 30.1  | 6.90  | 102.0
1979  |   400,000  |   141,000  |   259,000  | 46.0  | 16.2  | 29.8  | 6.81  | 103.1
1980  |   406,000  |   145,000  |   262,000  | 45.4  | 16.2  | 29.2  | 6.73  | 104.2
1981  |   412,000  |   149,000  |   263,000  | 44.8  | 16.2  | 28.6  | 6.64  | 105.4
1982  |   422,000  |   153,000  |   269,000  | 44.5  | 16.2  | 28.4  | 6.55  | 106.5
1983  |   431,000  |   157,000  |   273,000  | 44.2  | 16.1  | 28.1  | 6.48  | 107.3
1984  |   442,000  |   161,000  |   280,000  | 44.1  | 16.1  | 28.0  | 6.41  | 107.4
1985  |   453,000  |   164,000  |   289,000  | 44.0  | 16.0  | 28.1  | 6.35  | 106.9
1986  |   463,000  |   167,000  |   296,000  | 43.8  | 15.8  | 28.0  | 6.31  | 105.7
1987  |   481,000  |   169,000  |   312,000  | 44.1  | 15.5  | 28.6  | 6.29  | 103.8
1988  |   495,000  |   171,000  |   325,000  | 44.2  | 15.2  | 29.0  | 6.21  | 101.4
1989  |   510,000  |   171,000  |   339,000  | 44.2  | 14.9  | 29.4  | 6.18  | 98.5
1990  |   529,000  |   172,000  |   357,000  | 44.5  | 14.5  | 30.0  | 6.16  | 95.5
1991  |   544,000  |   172,000  |   372,000  | 44.4  | 14.0  | 30.4  | 6.12  | 92.7
1992  |   560,000  |   172,000  |   388,000  | 44.3  | 13.6  | 30.7  | 6.08  | 90.0
1993  |   577,000  |   170,000  |   407,000  | 44.3  | 13.1  | 31.3  | 6.04  | 87.1
1994  |   595,000  |   171,000  |   424,000  | 44.3  | 12.7  | 31.6  | 5.99  | 84.5
1995  |   613,000  |   172,000  |   441,000  | 44.2  | 12.4  | 31.8  | 5.95  | 81.8
1996  |   627,000  |   172,000  |   455,000  | 43.8  | 12.0  | 31.7  | 5.89  | 79.0
1997  |   638,000  |   171,000  |   467,000  | 43.2  | 11.6  | 31.6  | 5.80  | 76.1
1998  |   645,000  |   169,000  |   476,000  | 42.3  | 11.1  | 31.2  | 5.68  | 73.1
1999  |   653,000  |   169,000  |   483,000  | 41.5  | 10.8  | 30.7  | 5.55  | 70.3
2000  |   655,000  |   168,000  |   487,000  | 40.4  | 10.4  | 30.0  | 5.40  | 67.8
2001  |   665,000  |   167,000  |   498,000  | 39.8  | 10.0  | 29.8  | 5.32  | 64.9
2002  |   673,000  |   168,000  |   505,000  | 39.1  | 9.7  | 29.3  | 5.23  | 62.6
2003  |   685,000  |   167,000  |   519,000  | 38.7  | 9.4  | 29.3  | 5.17  | 60.2
2004  |   699,000  |   165,000  |   533,000  | 38.3  | 9.1  | 29.2  | 5.13  | 58.0
2005  |   715,000  |   166,000  |   549,000  | 38.0  | 8.8  | 29.2  | 5.10  | 55.8
2006  |   731,000  |   164,000  |   567,000  | 37.8  | 8.5  | 29.3  | 5.06  | 53.9
2007  |   746,000  |   165,000  |   582,000  | 37.4  | 8.3  | 29.2  | 5.00  | 52.0
2008  |   760,000  |   165,000  |   595,000  | 37.1  | 8.1  | 29.0  | 4.93  | 50.2
2009  |   776,000  |   165,000  |   611,000  | 36.7  | 7.8  | 28.9  | 4.87  | 48.6
2010  |   783,000  |   168,000  |   616,000  | 36.0  | 7.7  | 28.3  | 4.76  | 47.1
2011  |   784,000  |   166,000  |   618,000  | 35.1  | 7.4  | 27.6  | 4.61  | 45.8
2012  |   787,000  |   170,000  |   618,000  | 34.3  | 7.4  | 26.9  | 4.47  | 44.6
2013  |   795,000  |   170,000  |   625,000  | 33.7  | 7.2  | 26.5  | 4.36  | 43.4
2014  |   801,000  |   171,000  |   630,000  | 33.1  | 7.1  | 26.0  | 4.25  | 42.3
2015  |   814,000  |   175,000  |   639,000  | 32.8  | 7.0  | 25.7  | 4.18  | 41.3
2016  |   836,000  |   174,000  |   662,000  | 32.8  | 6.8  | 25.9  | 4.16  | 40.3
2017  |   850,000  |   178,000  |   672,000  | 32.5  | 6.8  | 25.7  | 4.11  | 39.3
2018  |   862,000  |   181,000  |   681,000  | 32.1  | 6.7  | 25.4  | 4.04  | 38.2
2019  |   948,000  |   212,000  | 736,000  | 33.6  | 7.5  | 26.1  | 4.22  | 45.2
2020  |   964,000  |   228,000  |   737,000  | 33.3  | 7.9  | 25.4  | 4.17  | 45.2
2021  |   977,000  |   236,000  |   741,000  | 32.9  | 7.9  | 25.0  | 4.10  | 45.2
2022  |   989,000  |   235,000  |   754,000  | 32.5  | 7.7  | 24.8  | 4.04  | 45.1
2023  |   1,001,000  |   235,000  |   766,000  | 32.1  | 7.5  | 24.6  | 3.97  | 45.0

1. ^ a b c d e CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022[6]

### Demographic and Health Surveys

[edit]

Many rural regions of Madagascar have high birthrates

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[7][8]

Year  | Total  | Urban  | Rural

|
|
|

CBR | TFR  | CBR | TFR  | CBR | TFR
1992  | 43.3  | 6.13 (5.2)  | 34.2  | 3.84 (3.0)  | 45.1  | 6.69 (5.8)
1997  | 42.3  | 5.97 (5.2)  | 34.5  | 4.19 (3.8)  | 45.0  | 6.66 (5.8)
2003–04  | 35.3  | 5.2 (4.7)  | 28.7  | 3.7 (3.4)  | 37.2  | 5.7 (5.1)
2008–09  | 33.4  | 4.8 (4.2)  | 24.8  | 2.9 (2.5)  | 34.8  | 5.2 (4.5)
2011  | 34.9  | 5.2  | 23.7  | 3.0  | 36.0  | 5.4
2013  | 30.6  | 4.4  | 24.0  | 3.0  | 31.2  | 4.5
2016  | 30.9  | 4.1  | 23.8  | 2.7  | 31.7  | 4.3
2021  | 32.3  | 4.3 (3.8)  | 27.6  | 3.2 (2.8)  | 33.4  | 4.6 (4.1)

Fertility data as of 2008-2009 (DHS Program):[9]

This graph was using the legacy Graph extension, which is no longer supported. It needs to be converted to the new Chart extension.

|

This graph was using the legacy Graph extension, which is no longer supported. It needs to be converted to the new Chart extension.

|

This graph was using the legacy Graph extension, which is no longer supported. It needs to be converted to the new Chart extension.

|

Region  | Total fertility rate  | Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant  | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49

|
|
|

Analamanga | 3.4 | 5.7 | 4.3
Vakinankaratra | 5.3 | 7.4 | 6.0
Itasy | 5.5 | 6.7 | 6.9
Bongolava | 3.8 | 6.9 | 5.4
Haute Matsiatra | 6.4 | 7.5 | 6.8
Amoron'i Mania | 6.1 | 5.3 | 6.7
Vatovavy Fitovinany | 6.5 | 10.3 | 6.5
Ihorombe | 5.9 | 10.6 | 5.5
Atsimo Atsinanana | 6.3 | 11.4 | 6.0
Atsinanana | 3.0 | 9.2 | 4.1
Analanjirofo | 4.6 | 6.6 | 5.7
Alaotra Mangoro | 5.0 | 9.1 | 5.5
Boeny | 4.5 | 9.1 | 4.9
Sofia | 4.4 | 10.7 | 5.9
Betsiboka | 4.7 | 10.5 | 6.1
Melaky | 4.7 | 12.2 | 5.5
Atsimo Andrefana | 6.2 | 13.2 | 6.3
Androy | 6.4 | 10.8 | 5.6
Anosy | 5.5 | 8.6 | 5.7
Menabe | 4.8 | 11.3 | 5.9
Diana | 3.7 | 6.8 | 4.9
Sava | 4.5 | 6.3 | 5.0

### Life expectancy

[edit]

Period  | Life expectancy in
Years  | Period  | Life expectancy in
Years

|
|
|

1950–1955  | 36.3  | 1985–1990  | 49.9
1955–1960  | 38.8  | 1990–1995  | 52.7
1960–1965  | 41.2  | 1995–2000  | 56.7
1965–1970  | 43.5  | 2000–2005  | 60.0
1970–1975  | 46.0  | 2005–2010  | 62.2
1975–1980  | 48.1  | 2010–2015  | 64.5
1980–1985  | 49.7  |  |

Source: UN World Population Prospects[10]

## Ethnicity

[edit]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Further information: Malagasy peoples

See also: French people in Madagascar, Chinese people in Madagascar, and Indians in Madagascar

Distribution of major Malagasy tribes

The island of Madagascar is predominantly populated by people broadly classified as belonging to the Malagasy ethno-linguistic group. This group is further subdivided a number of ethnic groups, often into the standard eighteen. In addition, communities of Indians, Arabs and Somalis in Madagascar have long been established on the island and have assimilated into local communities to varying degrees, in some places having long since become identified "Malagasy" ethnic groups, and in others maintaining distinct identities and cultural separation. More recent arrivals include Europeans and Chinese immigrants.

Madagascar was probably uninhabited prior to Austronesian settlement in the early centuries AD. Austronesian (particularly Malay) features are most predominant in the central highlands peoples, while coastal peoples are phenotypically more East African, sometimes with minor Arab, Somali, European and Indian admixtures. The largest coastal groups are the Betsimisaraka (1,500,000) and the Tsimihety and Sakalava (700,000 each). Malagasy society has long been polarized between the politically and economically advantaged highlanders of the central plateaux and the people along the coast. For example, in the 1970s there was widespread opposition among coastal ethnics against the policy of "Malagasization" which intended to phase out the use of the French language in public life in favour of a more prominent position for the Malagasy language, whose orthography is based on the Merina dialect.

Indians in Madagascar descend mostly from traders who arrived in the newly independent nation looking for better opportunities. The majority of them came from the west coast of India known as Karana (Muslim) and Banian (Hindu). The majority speak Hindi or Gujarati, although some other Indian languages are also spoken. Nowadays[update] the younger generations speak at least three languages, including French, Gujarati and Malagasy. A large number of the Indians in Madagascar have a high level of education, particularly the younger generation.[citation needed]

A sizeable number of Europeans also reside in Madagascar, mostly of French descent.

## Languages

[edit]

Malagasy (official, and national language), French (official).

## Religion

[edit]

Roman Catholic cathedral in Antsirabe.

Further information: Malagasy mythology

See also: Madagascar § Religion, Christianity in Madagascar, Islam in Madagascar, Hinduism in Madagascar, Bahá'í Faith in Madagascar, and History of the Jews in Madagascar

Religion in Madagascar (2020) according to the Pew Research Center[11]

1. Christian (85.4%)
2. Folk religions (4.6%)
3. Muslim (3%)
4. Unaffiliated/Other (7%)

According to the 1993 national census, 41% of Malagasies practised Christianity and 52% practise traditional religion,[12] which tends to emphasize links between the living and the razana (ancestors); by 2020, only 4.5% of Malagasies exclusively practised folk religions and 85% were Christian (according to the Pew Research Center).[13] The Association of Religion Data Archives noted that in 2020, 58.1% of the population is Christian, 2.1% is Muslim and 39.2% practices traditional faiths, while 0.6% of the population is non-religious or adheres to other faiths.[14]

Madagascar's traditional religions tend to emphasize links between the living and the dead. They believe that the dead join their ancestors in the ranks of divinity and that ancestors are intensely concerned with the fate of their living descendants. This spiritual communion is celebrated by the Merina and Betsileo reburial practice of famadihana, or "turning over the dead". In this ritual, relatives' remains are removed from the family tomb, rewrapped in new silk shrouds, and returned to the tomb following festive ceremonies in their honor. In the festivities, they eat, drink, and literally dance with the dead. After one or two days of celebrating, they shower the body with gifts and rebury it.

Malagasy Christians are roughly 50% Catholic and 50% Protestant (mainly Reformed Protestant Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar (FJKM), Lutheran, and Anglican) or Roman Catholic, but there are also smaller groups such as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventists, Eastern Orthodox Christians and evangelicals.[15] Many incorporate the cult of the dead with their other religious beliefs and bless their dead at church before proceeding with the traditional burial rites. They also may invite a pastor to attend a famadihana. A historical rivalry exists between the predominantly Catholic masses, considered to be underprivileged, and the predominantly Protestant Merina aristocrats, who tend to prevail in the civil service, business, and professions.

Followers of Islam constitute approximately 3% of the population in 2022, according to the US Department of State;[15] there are also small numbers of Hindus and Jews.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had more than 13,000 members in 42 congregations in Madagascar in 2013.[16]

A small community started practicing Judaism in 2010, and formally converted in 2016 with the assistance of Kulanu, a nonprofit organization focusing on remote Jewish communities.[17][18]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Résultats définitifs du RGPH-3 2018 | Troisième Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitation". INSTAT (in French). May 4, 2021.
2. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
3. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
4. ^ a b Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
5. ^ "UNSD - Demographic and Social Statistics".
6. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2022). "World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XLS (91MB)). United Nations Population Division. 27 (Online ed.). New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. rows 2165:2236, cols X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV. Archived from the original on 2022-08-09.
7. ^ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". microdata.worldbank.org.
8. ^ "The DHS Program - Country Madagascar". dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
9. ^ "Madagascar Health and Demographic Survey 2008-2009" (PDF). Madagascar Health and Demographic Survey. 2009.
10. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
11. ^ "Religions in Madagascar | PEW-GRF".
12. ^ Bureau of African Affairs (3 May 2011). "Background Note: Madagascar". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
13. ^ "Religions in Madagascar | PEW-GRF". Globalreligiousfutures.org. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
14. ^ "ARDA website, 2023-08-08".
15. ^ a b US State Dept 2022 report
16. ^ "Madagascar", Facts and Statistics, Newsroom, LDS Church, retrieved 2013-03-10
17. ^ "In Madagascar, 'world's newest Jewish community' seeks to establish itself". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2016-11-25. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
18. ^ "In remote Madagascar, a new community chooses to be Jewish". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2016-06-05. Retrieved 2019-04-29.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Madagascar.

## See also

[edit]

* Matthew E. Hules, et al. (2005). The Dual Origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa: Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages. American Journal of Human Genetics, 76:894-901, 2005.

* v
* t
* e

Ethnic groups of Madagascar

Malagasy|

* Anjoaty
* Antaifasy
* Antemoro
* Antaisaka
* Antambahoaka
* Antandroy
* Antankarana
* Antanosy
* Bara
* Beosi
* Betsileo
* Betsimisaraka
* Bezanozano
* Karimbola
* Mahafaly
* Makoa
* Masikoro
* Merina
* Mikea
* Sahafatra
* Sahavoay
* Sakalava
* Sihanaka
* Tanala
* Tsimihety
* Vazimba
* Vezo
* Zafimaniry
* Zafisoro

Immigrants|

* Karana (Indian)
* Sinoa (Chinese)
* Vazaha (European)
* Frantsay (French)

* v
* t
* e

Demographics of Africa

Sovereign states|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

States with limited
recognition

* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland

Dependencies and
other territories

* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template