Demographics of Nigeria

Population pyramid of Nigeria in 2020

Population| 278,541,212 (2022 est.)
Growth rate| 4.53% (2022 est.)
Birth rate| 34.19 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate| 8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy| 52.68 years
• male| 52.28 years
• female| 53.07 years
Fertility rate| 4.62 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate| 56.68 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate| −0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years| 51.7%
65 and over| 3.3%
Sex ratio
Total| 1.02 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth| 1.06 male(s)/female
Under 15| 1.04 male(s)/female
65 and over| 0.77 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality| Nigerian
Language
Official| English
Historical population of Nigeria

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa[1][2][3][4] and the sixth most populous in the world.[5][6] Nigeria is also one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, with approximately 218.5 million people[7] in an area of 923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi).[8][9]

54.3% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, with the annual rate of urbanisation being estimated at 3.92%.[1][a] Nigeria is home to 371 ethnic groups speaking over 500 languages[1] and the variety of customs and traditions among them gives the country great cultural diversity. Three largest ethnic groups, namely the Hausa, Yorubas, and Igbos constitute more than 60% of the population.[1][10][11][12] The Ijaw, Efik, Ibibio, Annang, Ogoni, Tiv, Urhobo-Isoko, Edo and Itsekiri are some of the other sizeable ethnic groups.[13] Over 1.2 million people living in Nigeria (0.5% of its total population, or 1 in every 200 people living in Nigeria) are from a continent other than Africa. There are 100,000 people from the United States,[14] 75,000 are from Lebanon,[15] 60,000 are from China[16] and 16,000 are from the United Kingdom.[17]

Nigeria has a young population overall, with 42.54% of inhabitants between the ages of 0–14.[1][18] There is also a very high dependency ratio at 88.2 dependents per 100 non-dependents.[1] The three main religious groups are Muslims (estimated to be 53.5% of the total population), Christians (estimated at 45.9%), and adherents of indigenous religions (estimated at 0.6%).[19] The predominantly Christian Igbo are found in the south-east.[20] Roman Catholicism is the largest Christian denomination in Igboland,[21][22][23] but Anglicanism is also strong, as are Pentecostalism and other Evangelical denominations.

Persons of different ethnic backgrounds most commonly communicate in English, although knowledge of two or more Nigerian languages is widespread. Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba are the most widely used Nigerian languages. Nigerian Pidgin is used widely as an unofficial medium of communication, especially in the Nigerian cities of Warri, Sapele, Ughelli, Benin, and Port Harcourt.[24]

## Population

[edit]

Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1000| 7,000,000| —
1500| 10,000,000| +0.07%
1921| 18,720,000| +0.15%
1952| 30,403,305| +1.58%
1962| 45,920,000| +4.21%
1991| 88,992,200| +2.31%
2006| 140,431,790| +3.09%
2011| 162,471,000| +2.96%
2022| 227,830,000| +3.12%
Total population of states in Nigeria, according to the 2006 census.

Nigeria's population has been increasing rapidly for at least the last 5 decades due to very high birth rates, quadrupling its population during this time. Growth was fastest in the 1980s, after child mortality dropped rapidly. It has slowed slightly since then as both the birth rate and total fertility, rate have declined marginally since a 1978 peak. According to the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 191 million in 2016, compared to only 38 million in 1950. Fertility rates turned out to be lower than expected in Nigeria, with double-digit decreases. [25]

The proportion of children under the age of 15 in 2010 was 44.0%, 53.2% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.7% were 65 years or older. There is a large degree of population momentum, with 3.2 per cent growth leading to the projected population of 546 million by 2100.[26]

The federal government has not elected to implement the type of controversial family planning programs that have reduced population growth of other developing nations, a result of low political support for these programs and a cultural preference for large families as well as high levels of social instability. Rising educational levels and health care improvements may enable future parents to plan for smaller families.[19]

The former Nigeria's chairman of National Population Commission, Eze Duruiheoma, delivering Nigeria's statement in New York City on sustainable cities, human mobility and international migration in the 51st session of Commission on Population and Development, said that "Nigeria remains the most populous in Africa, the seventh globally with an estimated population of over 198 million. The World Population Prospects predicts that by 2050, Nigeria will become the third most populated country in the world. Over the last 50 years, Nigeria's urban population has grown at an average annual growth rate of more than 6.5% without commensurate increases in social amenities and infrastructure." He also stated that the population "grew substantially from 17.3% in 1967 to 49.4% in 2017."[27]

Population pyramid of Nigeria in 1963 (Hausa)

‰years18202224262830195019601970198019902000201020202030Natural change (per 1000)Nigeria Population Change

See or edit source data.

‰years6080100120140160180200195019601970198019902000201020202030Infant mortality (per 1000 live births)Nigeria Infant Mortality

See or edit source data.

TFRyears44.555.566.57195019601970198019902000201020202030Total fertility rateTotal Fertility Rate

See or edit source data.

### Population by sex and age

[edit]

Population by sex and age group (Census 21.III.2006)[28]

Age  | Population  | Percent

|
|

Total  | 140,431,790  | 100
0–4  | 22,594,967  | 16.09
5–9  | 20,005,380  | 14.25
10–14  | 16,135,950  | 11.49
15–19  | 14,899,419  | 10.61
20–24  | 13,435,079  | 9.57
25–29  | 12,211,426  | 8.70
30–34  | 9,467,538  | 6.74
35–39  | 7,331,755  | 5.22
40–44  | 6,456,470  | 4.60
45–49  | 4,591,293  | 3.27
50–54  | 4,249,219  | 3.03
55–59  | 2,066,247  | 1.47
60–64  | 2,450,286  | 1.74
65–69  | 1,151,048  | 0.82
70–74  | 1,264,937  | 0.95
75–79  | 579,838  | 0.41
80–84  | 760,053  | 0.54
85+  | 715,225  | 0.51
Age group  | Total  | Male  | Female  | %

|
|
|
|

0–14  | 58,736,297  | 30,462,148  | 28,274,149  | 41.83
15–64  | 77,158,732  | 38,348,799  | 38,809,933  | 54.94
65+  | 4,536,761  | 2,534,541  | 2,002,220  | 3.23

Population by age group (estimates 1.VII.2016) (Data are projections based on the 2006 Population Census.)[29]

Age  | Population  | Percent

|
|

Total  | 193,392,517  | 100
0–4  | 31,116,156  | 16.09
5–9  | 27,549,964  | 14.25
10–14  | 22,221,265  | 11.49
15–19  | 20,518,404  | 10.61
20–24  | 18,501,820  | 9.57
25–29  | 16,816,694  | 8.70
30–34  | 13,038,009  | 6.74
35–39  | 10,096,763  | 5.22
40–44  | 8,891,384  | 4.60
45–49  | 6,322,797  | 3.27
50–54  | 5,851,717  | 3.03
55–59  | 2,845,486  | 1.47
60–64  | 3,374,357  | 1.74
65–69  | 1,585,140  | 0.82
70–74  | 1,832,402  | 0.95
75–79  | 798,511  | 0.41
80–84  | 1,046,690  | 0.54
85+  | 984,956  | 0.51
0–14  | 80,887,385  | 41.83
15–64  | 107,242,389  | 55.45
65+  | 5,262,743  | 2.72

Population by age group (estimates 1.VII.2020) (Source: National Population Commission.)[30]

Age  | Population  | Percent

|
|

Total  | 206,283,338  | 100
0–4  | 32,819,289  | 15.91
5–9  | 29,231,173  | 14.17
10–14  | 25,970,650  | 12.59
15–19  | 20,342,647  | 9.86
20–24  | 17,871,826  | 8.66
25–29  | 14,992,764  | 7.27
30–34  | 13,402,007  | 6.50
35–39  | 12,505,764  | 6.06
40–44  | 10,427,144  | 5.05
45–49  | 7,963,484  | 3.86
50–54  | 6,383,640  | 3.09
55–59  | 5,002,819  | 2.43
60–64  | 3,696,336  | 1.79
65–69  | 2,447,988  | 1.19
70–74  | 1,591,000  | 0.77
75–79  | 915,154  | 0.44
80+  | 719,653  | 0.35
0–14  | 88,021,112  | 42.67
15–64  | 112,588,431  | 54.58
65+  | 5,673,795  | 2.75

### Population projections

[edit]

The total population in sub-Saharan Africa is projected to increase to almost one billion people, making it the most populated region outside of South-Central Asia.[31] According to the United Nations, the population of Nigeria will reach 375 million by 2050. Nigeria might then be the 3rd most populous country in the world. In 2100, the population of Nigeria may reach 541 million.[26] While the overall population is expected to increase, the growth rate is estimated to decrease from 1.2 per cent per year in 2010 to 0.4 per cent per year in 2050.[31] The birth rate is also projected to decrease from 20.7 to 13.7, while the death rate is projected to increase from 8.5 in 2010 to 9.8 in 2050.[31] By 2050, 69.6% of the population is estimated to be living in urban areas compared to 50.6% in 2010.[31]

## Vital statistics

[edit]

Demographics development according to the United Nations

Registration of vital events in Nigeria is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates (UN World Population Prospects 2022).[32]

Period  | Population per year  | Live births per year  | Deaths per year  | Natural change per year  | CBR*  | CDR*  | NC*  | TFR*  | IMR*

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1950  | 36 836 000  | 1,697,000  | 1,010,000  | 687,000  | 45.6  | 27.1  | 18.5  | 6.42  | 184.0
1951  | 37 543 000  | 1,731,000  | 1,028,000  | 702,000  | 45.7  | 27.1  | 18.5  | 6.42  | 183.2
1952  | 38 263 000  | 1,760,000  | 1,044,000  | 716,000  | 45.6  | 27.0  | 18.5  | 6.39  | 181.6
1953  | 38 986 000  | 1,797,000  | 1,056,000  | 741,000  | 45.7  | 26.8  | 18.8  | 6.40  | 180.4
1954  | 39 710 000  | 1,831,000  | 1,074,000  | 757 000  | 45.7  | 26.8  | 18.9  | 6.40  | 179.0
1955  | 40 455 000  | 1,869,000  | 1,088,000  | 781,000  | 45.7  | 26.6  | 19.1  | 6.40  | 177.9
1956  | 41 223 000  | 1,909,000  | 1,109,000  | 800,000  | 45.8  | 26.6  | 19.2  | 6.41  | 176.9
1957  | 42 010 000  | 1,948,000  | 1,124,000  | 824,000  | 45.9  | 26.5  | 19.4  | 6.40  | 176.0
1958  | 42 817 000  | 1,988,000  | 1,145,000  | 843,000  | 46.0  | 26.5  | 19.5  | 6.39  | 175.1
1959  | 43 613 000  | 2,026,000  | 1,159,000  | 866,000  | 46.0  | 26.3  | 19.7  | 6.38  | 173.8
1960  | 44 476 000  | 2,072,000  | 1,179,000  | 893,000  | 46.1  | 26.2  | 19.9  | 6.36  | 172.4
1961  | 45 381 000  | 2,120,000  | 1,192,000  | 928,000  | 46.2  | 26.0  | 20.2  | 6.35  | 171.0
1962  | 46 330 000  | 2,174,000  | 1,214,000  | 960,000  | 46.4  | 25.9  | 20.5  | 6.36  | 169.6
1963  | 47 314 000  | 2,220,000  | 1,224,000  | 996,000  | 46.4  | 25.6  | 20.8  | 6.35  | 167.2
1964  | 48 332 000  | 2,270,000  | 1,242,000  | 1,028,000  | 46.5  | 25.4  | 21.0  | 6.36  | 165.9
1965  | 49 381 000  | 2,320,000  | 1,258,000  | 1,061,000  | 46.5  | 25.2  | 21.3  | 6.37  | 165.0
1966  | 50 471 000  | 2,373,000  | 1,281,000  | 1,092,000  | 46.5  | 25.1  | 21.4  | 6.39  | 164.2
1967  | 51 570 000  | 2,424,000  | 1,365,000  | 1,059,000  | 46.5  | 26.2  | 20.3  | 6.40  | 165.8
1968  | 52 643 000  | 2,478,000  | 1,349,000  | 1,129,000  | 46.6  | 25.4  | 21.2  | 6.42  | 163.6
1969  | 53 577 000  | 2,533,000  | 1,367,000  | 1,166,000  | 46.6  | 25.2  | 21.4  | 6.44  | 162.6
1970  | 54 945 000  | 2,595,000  | 1,353,000  | 1,241,000  | 46.7  | 24.3  | 22.3  | 6.47  | 160.7
1971  | 56 194 000  | 2,671,000  | 1,348,000  | 1,323,000  | 47.0  | 23.7  | 23.3  | 6.53  | 156.9
1972  | 57 481 000  | 2,741,000  | 1,343,000  | 1,398,000  | 47.1  | 23.1  | 24.0  | 6.58  | 153.0
1973  | 58 866 000  | 2,819,000  | 1,341,000  | 1,479,000  | 47.3  | 22.5  | 24.8  | 6.63  | 149.0
1974  | 60 344 000  | 2,922,000  | 1,340,000  | 1,583,000  | 47.8  | 21.9  | 25.9  | 6.70  | 144.9
1975  | 61 971 000  | 3,021,000  | 1,336,000  | 1,684,000  | 48.1  | 21.3  | 26.8  | 6.77  | 141.0
1976  | 63 731 000  | 3,106,000  | 1,324,000  | 1,781,000  | 48.1  | 20.5  | 27.6  | 6.81  | 137.2
1977  | 65 585 000  | 3,203,000  | 1,323,000  | 1,880,000  | 48.1  | 19.9  | 28.2  | 6.86  | 133.8
1978  | 67 594 000  | 3,308,000  | 1,340,000  | 1,968,000  | 48.2  | 19.5  | 28.7  | 6.92  | 130.7
1979  | 69 673 000  | 3,385,000  | 1,367,000  | 2,017,000  | 47.9  | 19.3  | 28.5  | 6.89  | 128.1
1980  | 71 828 000  | 3,460,000  | 1,397,000  | 2,063,000  | 47.5  | 19.2  | 28.3  | 6.85  | 126.1
1981  | 74 075 000  | 3,537,000  | 1,426,000  | 2,111,000  | 47.1  | 19.0  | 28.1  | 6.82  | 124.4
1982  | 76 276 000  | 3,613,000  | 1,462,000  | 2,151,000  | 46.7  | 18.9  | 27.8  | 6.80  | 123.5
1983  | 78 500 000  | 3,704,000  | 1,494,000  | 2,210,000  | 46.5  | 18.8  | 27.8  | 6.78  | 123.1
1984  | 80 203 000  | 3,726,000  | 1,524,000  | 2,202,000  | 45.8  | 18.7  | 27.1  | 6.70  | 123.2
1985  | 82 472 000  | 3,777,000  | 1,571,000  | 2,206,000  | 45.2  | 18.8  | 26.4  | 6.62  | 123.5
1986  | 84 698 000  | 3,824,000  | 1,624,000  | 2,200,000  | 44.6  | 18.9  | 25.6  | 6.56  | 123.9
1987  | 86 910 000  | 3,884,000  | 1,656,000  | 2,228,000  | 44.1  | 18.8  | 25.3  | 6.50  | 124.3
1988  | 89 178 000  | 3,963,000  | 1,689,000  | 2,274,000  | 43.9  | 18.7  | 25.2  | 6.50  | 124.6
1989  | 91 525 000  | 4,080,000  | 1,723,000  | 2,357,000  | 44.0  | 18.6  | 25.4  | 6.49  | 124.6
1990  | 93 963 000  | 4,168,000  | 1,773,000  | 2,395,000  | 43.8  | 18.6  | 25.2  | 6.46  | 124.5
1991  | 96 465 000  | 4,266,000  | 1,839,000  | 2,428,000  | 43.7  | 18.8  | 24.9  | 6.43  | 124.4
1992  | 98 906 000  | 4,373,000  | 1,884,000  | 2,489,000  | 43.7  | 18.8  | 24.9  | 6.39  | 123.9
1993  | 101 458 000  | 4,495,000  | 1,922,000  | 2,573,000  | 43.7  | 18.7  | 25.0  | 6.35  | 123.4
1994  | 104 092 000  | 4,619,000  | 1,989,000  | 2,629,000  | 43.8  | 18.9  | 24.9  | 6.32  | 122.6
1995  | 106 820 000  | 4,732,000  | 2,040,000  | 2,692,000  | 43.7  | 18.9  | 24.9  | 6.27  | 121.6
1996  | 109 555 000  | 4,828,000  | 2,081,000  | 2,747,000  | 43.5  | 18.8  | 24.8  | 6.22  | 120.3
1997  | 112 357 000  | 4,910,000  | 2,108,000  | 2,801,000  | 43.2  | 18.5  | 24.6  | 6.14  | 118.4
1998  | 115 225 000  | 5,002,000  | 2,134,000  | 2,868,000  | 42.9  | 18.3  | 24.6  | 6.07  | 116.2
1999  | 118 156 000  | 5,177,000  | 2,138,000  | 3,039,000  | 43.2  | 17.9  | 25.4  | 6.08  | 113.7
2000  | 121 235 000  | 5,345,000  | 2,146,000  | 3,199,000  | 43.5  | 17.5  | 26.0  | 6.12  | 110.9
2001  | 124 468 000  | 5,496,000  | 2,165,000  | 3,331,000  | 43.6  | 17.2  | 26.4  | 6.14  | 108.1
2002  | 127 837 000  | 5,645,000  | 2,192,000  | 3,453,000  | 43.6  | 16.9  | 26.6  | 6.14  | 105.2
2003  | 131 329 000  | 5,779,000  | 2,202,000  | 3,577,000  | 43.4  | 16.5  | 26.9  | 6.12  | 102.3
2004  | 134 910 000  | 5,902,000  | 2,225,000  | 3,676,000  | 43.2  | 16.3  | 26.9  | 6.09  | 99.5
2005  | 138,603,000  | 6,054,000  | 2,232,000  | 3,822,000  | 43.1  | 15.9  | 27.2  | 6.07  | 96.6
2006  | 142,378,000  | 6,191,000  | 2,247,000  | 3,945,000  | 42.9  | 15.6  | 27.3  | 6.08  | 94.0
2007  | 146,281,000  | 6,337,000  | 2,273,000  | 4,064,000  | 42.7  | 15.3  | 27.4  | 6.08  | 91.7
2008  | 150,307,000  | 6,506,000  | 2,311,000  | 4,195,000  | 42.7  | 15.2  | 27.5  | 6.08  | 89.6
2009  | 154,458,000  | 6,645,000  | 2,321,000  | 4,323,000  | 42.4  | 14.8  | 27.6  | 6.04  | 87.8
2010  | 158,733,000  | 6,776,000  | 2,355,000  | 4,421,000  | 42.1  | 14.6  | 27.5  | 5.98  | 86.4
2011  | 163,173,000  | 6,916,000  | 2,372,000  | 4,544,000  | 41.8  | 14.3  | 27.5  | 5.92  | 85.1
2012  | 167,755,000  | 7,014,000  | 2,414,000  | 4,600,000  | 41.2  | 14.2  | 27.0  | 5.83  | 84.0
2013  | 172,397,000  | 7,095,000  | 2,447,000  | 4,648,000  | 40.6  | 14.0  | 26.6  | 5.74  | 83.1
2014  | 177,055,000  | 7,189,000  | 2,493,000  | 4,697,000  | 40.1  | 13.9  | 26.2  | 5.66  | 82.4
2015  | 181,703,000  | 7,273,000  | 2,541,000  | 4,732,000  | 39.5  | 13.8  | 25.7  | 5.62  | 81.6
2016  | 186,289,000  | 7,384,000  | 2,574,000  | 4,810,000  | 39.1  | 13.6  | 25.5  | 5.58  | 80.6
2017  | 191,045,000  | 7,487,000  | 2,600,000  | 4,887,000  | 38.7  | 13.4  | 25.3  | 5.52  | 79.4
2018  | 195,947,000  | 7,590,000  | 2,627,000  | 4,963,000  | 38.2  | 13.2  | 25.0  | 5.45  | 77.9
2019  | 200,828,000  | 7,698,000  | 2,642,000  | 5,056,000  | 37.8  | 13.0  | 24.9  | 5.38  | 76.3
2020  | 205,781,000  | 7,806,000  | 2,708,000  | 5,098,000  | 37.5  | 13.0  | 24.5  | 5.31  | 74.7
2021  | 218,529,000  | 7,331,000  | 2,689,000  | 4,556,000  | 33.5  | 12.3  | 20.9  | 4.64  | 73.0
2022  | 223,151,000  | 7,407,000  | 2,667,000  | 4,688,000  | 33.2  | 12.0  | 21.0  | 4.55  | 71.2
2023  | 227,883,000  | 7,510,000  | 2,675,000  | 4,776,000  | 33.0  | 11.7  | 21.0  | 4.48  | 69.5
*  CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

### Demographic and Health Surveys

[edit]

Total fertility rate (TFR) (Wanted TFR) and crude birth rate (CBR):[33][34] [35] [36][37]

Year  | Total  | Urban  | Rural

|
|
|

CBR | TFR  | CBR | TFR  | CBR | TFR
1960  | 47  | 6.35  |  |  |  |
1965–66  | 45.9  | 6.44  |  |  |  |
1967–69  | 46.1  | 6.42  |  |  |  |
1970  | 46.3  | 6.47  |  |  |  |
1971–73  | 46.7  | 6.57  |  |  |  |
1975  | 47.2  | 6.71  |  |  |  |
1978–82  | 47  | 6.78  |  |  |  |
1978–80  | 47  | 6.76  |  |  |  |
1981–82  | 46.68  | 6.78  |  |  |  |
1983–86  | 45.67  | 6.7  |  |  |  |
1987–90  | 45.9  | 6.57  |  |  |  |
1990  | 44.2  | 6.49 (5.8)  | 34  | 5.033 (4.8)  | 40  | 6.326 (6.1)
1999  | 43.2  | 6.13  | 35.6  | 4.50  | 38.5  | 5.44
2003  | 42.8  | 6.04 (5.3)  | 36.3  | 4.9 (4.6)  | 44.5  | 6.1 (5.7)
2004–07  | 42.4  | 5.97  |  |  |  |
2008  | 41.8  | 5.9 (5.3)  | 36.8  | 4.7 (4.4)  | 42.5  | 6.3 (5.8)
2013  | 40.2  | 5.5 (4.8)  | 35  | 4.7 (4.1)  | 42  | 6.2 (5.3)
2014–15  | 39.5  | 5.57  |  |  |  |
2018[38] | 38  | 5.3 (4.8)  | 34  | 4.5 (4.0)  | 42  | 5.9 (5.4)
2021[39] |  | 4.8  |  |  |  |
2023-24[40] | 33  | 4.8  | 29  | 3.9  | 38  | 5.6
Year  | TFR

|

1981–1982  | 6.8
1990  | 6.4
2003  | 6.0
2008  | 5.9
2013  | 5.7
2018  | 5.3
2021  | 4.8
2023-24  | 4.8
Variable  | TFR (Wanted TFR) (2003)  | TFR (Wanted TFR) (2008)  | TFR (Wanted TFR) (2013)  | TFR (Wanted TFR) (2018)  | TFR (Wanted TFR) (2023-24)

|
|
|
|
|

Nigeria | 5.7 (5.3) | 5.7 (5.3) | 5.5 (4.8) | 5.3 (4.8) | 4.8
Urban  | 4.9 (4.6)  | 4.7 (4.4)  | 4.7 (4.1)  | 4.5 (4.0)  | 3.9
Rural  | 6.1 (5.7)  | 6.3 (5.8)  | 6.2 (5.3)  | 5.9 (5.4)  | 5.6
Region – North Central  | 5.7  | 5.4  | 5.3  | 5.0 (4.7)  | 4.2
Region – North East  | 7.0  | 7.2  | 6.3  | 6.1 (5.6)  | 6.1
Region – North West  | 6.7  | 7.3  | 6.7  | 6.6 (5.9)  | 5.9
Region – South East  | 4.1  | 4.8  | 4.7  | 4.7 (4.3)  | 4.1
Region – South South  | 4.6  | 4.7  | 4.3  | 4.0 (3.6)  | 3.3
Region – South West  | 4.1  | 4.5  | 4.6  | 3.9 (3.5)  | 3.4

Fertility data as of 2013 (DHS Program):[41]

State  | Total fertility rate  | Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant  | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49

|
|
|

Abuja | 3.8 | 8.3 | 4.7
Benue | 5.2 | 13.0 | 6.8
Kogi | 4.2 | 9.4 | 5.7
Kwara | 5.1 | 7.2 | 5.2
Nasarawa | 5.4 | 10.8 | 5.8
Niger | 6.1 | 14.8 | 5.8
Plateau | 5.4 | 11.2 | 5.6
Adamawa | 5.8 | 15.6 | 6.7
Bauchi | 8.1 | 16.9 | 8.4
Borno | 4.7 | 12.7 | 5.2
Gombe | 7.0 | 14.3 | 7.9
Taraba | 6.0 | 10.6 | 7.1
Yobe | 6.6 | 13.4 | 7.4
Jigawa | 7.6 | 15.1 | 7.6
Kaduna | 4.1 | 21.0 | 5.7
Kano | 6.8 | 12.6 | 7.7
Katsina | 7.4 | 17.3 | 8.4
Kebbi | 6.7 | 16.9 | 8.2
Sokoto | 7.0 | 14.1 | 7.3
Zamfara | 8.4 | 17.0 | 8.7
Abia | 4.2 | 7.3 | 5.0
Anambra | 4.2 | 6.0 | 4.7
Ebonyi | 5.3 | 9.1 | 7.1
Enugu | 4.8 | 8.4 | 5.9
Imo | 4.8 | 8.3 | 5.0
Akwa Ibom | 3.9 | 5.3 | 5.4
Bayelsa | 4.5 | 11.3 | 6.1
Cross River | 5.4 | 9.1 | 5.5
Delta | 4.1 | 10.6 | 5.6
Edo | 4.4 | 6.3 | 5.7
Rivers | 3.8 | 9.5 | 4.9
Ekiti | 4.3 | 7.0 | 5.2
Lagos | 4.1 | 7.2 | 4.3
Ogun | 5.4 | 10.6 | 4.9
Ondo | 5.2 | 9.1 | 5.2
Osun | 4.1 | 6.8 | 4.3
Oyo | 4.5 | 11.9 | 5.1

Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)[42]

#### Fertility rate by state

[edit]

Variable  | TFR

|

2008  | 2011*  | 2013  | 2016*  | 2018  | 2021*  | 2024
Nigeria | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 4.8
Urban | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.9
Rural | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.6
Region – North Central | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 4.2
Abuja (FCT) | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 3.2
Benue | 5.9 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.5
Kogi | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 4.9
Kwara | 4.5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 4.0
Nasarawa | 4.7 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 4.3
Niger | 7.5 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 4.4
Plateau | 5.3 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.4
Region – North East | 7.2 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 6.1
Adamawa | 6.8 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 5.3
Bauchi | 8.1 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 6.5 | 6.2
Borno | 7.1 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 6.5
Gombe | 7.4 | 5.6 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 5.5
Taraba | 5.9 | 5.3 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.2
Yobe | 7.5 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 7.5
Region – North West | 7.3 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 5.9
Jigawa | 7.1 | 6.7 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 6.9
Kaduna | 6.3 | 7.9 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.6
Kano | 8.1 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 5.8
Katsina | 7.2 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 5.7
Kebbi | 6.0 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6
Sokoto | 8.7 | 5.2 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 5.2 | 5.4
Zamfara | 7.5 | 6.5 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 6.3
Region – South East | 4.8 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 4.1
Abia | 4.4 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 3.7
Anambra | 5.0 | 5.7 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 3.7
Ebonyi | 5.6 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 3.7 | 4.7
Enugu | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 3.5
Imo | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 4.4
Region – South South | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.3
Akwa Ibom | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.3
Bayelsa | 5.8 | 6.7 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.8
Cross River | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.0
Delta | 4.5 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.7
Edo | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 3.3
Rivers | 4.3 | 4.3 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 2.9
Region – South West | 4.5 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.4
Ekiti | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 3.8
Lagos | 4.0 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.2
Ogun | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 4.1
Ondo | 4.9 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.1
Osun | 4.0 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.3
Oyo | 5.0 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 3.3
| 2008  | 2011*  | 2013  | 2016*  | 2018  | 2021*  | 2024

∗ MICS surveys

#### Contraceptive prevalence

[edit]

Year | 1982 | 1990 | 1994 | 1999 | 2003 | 2007 | 2008 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2016 | 2017

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

% of women ages 15–49 | 6.8% | 6.0% | 13.4% | 15.3% | 12.6% | 14.7% | 14.6% | 14.1% | 13.5% | 15.1% | 20.4% | 13.4%

∗ UNICEFs state of the worlds children and child info, United Nations population divisions world contraceptive use, household surveys including demographic and health surveys and multiple indicator cluster surveys.[43]

### Life expectancy at birth

[edit]

Life expectancy from 1950 to 2015 (UN World Population Prospects):[44]

Life expectancy in Nigeria since 1950 Life expectancy in Nigeria since 1960 by gender Period  | Life expectancy in
Years

|

1950–1955  | 33.81
1955–1960  |  35.80
1960–1965  |  38.13
1965–1970  |  39.97
1970–1975  |  42.03
1975–1980  |  44.29
1980–1985  |  46.02
1985–1990  |  45.95
1990–1995  |  45.87
1995–2000  |  46.00
2000–2005  |  46.94
2005–2010  |  49.75
2010–2015  |  51.88
2022[45] |  53.63

## Ethnic groups

[edit]

Ethnic groups of Nigeria (2018 est.)[46]

Ethnic groups |  | percent
Hausa |

| 30.0%
Yoruba |

| 15.5%
Igbo |

| 15.2%
Fulani |

| 6.0%
Ibibio |

| 6.0%
Tiv |

| 2.4%
Kanuri |

| 2.4%
Ijaw |

| 1.8%
Other |

| 2.7%

## Emigration

[edit]

Further information: Emigration from Africa

Further information: Nigerian British, Nigerian American, Nigerian Canadians, Nigerian Australian, Nigerians in the Netherlands, Nigerians in Switzerland, Nigerians in Ireland, and Nigerians in Vietnam

Today millions of ethnic Nigerians live abroad, the largest communities can be found in the United Kingdom (500,000–3,000,000)[47] and the United States (600,000–1,000,000 Nigerians), other countries that followed closely are South Africa, Gambia, and Canada respectively. There are also large groups in Ireland, Portugal and many other countries.[48] Inspiration for emigration is based heavily on socio-economical issues such as warfare, insecurity, economical instability and civil unrest.

Between 1400 and 1900, of 1.4 million of 2 million emigrants were slaves sent to the Americas with the other 600,000 being sent to other destinations via the trans-Saharan, Red Sea and Indian Ocean routes. This is due to the fact that the land now known as Nigeria was a central point for 4 slave trades during the 19th century. Though bondage represented a great deal, an estimated 30,000 Nigerian inhabitants would relocate to Kano City and Gambia to take advantage of financial opportunities afforded by fertile land and available natural resources. What's more, the presence of gold mines and rail lines along the Gold Coast, present-day Ghana, attracted an estimated 6,500 Nigerian citizens to attain financial gain and opportunity. The population of Nigerians in Ghana rose to roughly 149,000 before the 1969 alien expulsion order would displace nearly the entire population to surrounding countries.[49]

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in Nigeria

According to Pew Research Center, the population in 2015 was 50% Muslim, 48.1% Christian and approximately 2% other.[50]

Nigeria is nearly equally divided between Islam and Christianity. The majority of Nigerian Muslims are Sunni and mostly live in the northern, central and south-western states of the country, while Christians dominate in some central states (especially Plateau and Benue states), and the south-east and south-south regions. Other religions practised in Nigeria include African Traditional Religion, Hinduism, Baháʼí Faith, Judaism, The Grail Movement, and the Reformed Ògbóni Fraternity, one of the traditional socio-religious institutions of the Yorùbá people and their Òrìṣà religion known as Ẹ̀sìn Òrìṣà Ìbílẹ̀ in the Yorùbá language.[51]

According to a 2009 Pew survey, 50.4% of Nigeria's population were Muslims.[52] A later Pew study in 2011 calculated that Christians now formed 50.8% of the population.[53][54] Adherents of other religions made up 1% of the population.[55]

The shift of population balance between Muslims and Christians is a result of northern and southern Nigeria being in different stages of demographic transition. The Muslim-dominated north is in an earlier stage of the demographic transition with much higher fertility rates than the south, whose split Christian/Muslim population is further along in the transition, and whose fertility rates are declining. Decreasing fertility can be linked to more access to education, use of contraceptives, and differing beliefs regarding family planning.[56]

The 1999 introduction of Sharia law in twelve northern Nigerian states led to massive violence and unrest and caused an ethnic and religious rift between Sharia and Non-Sharia states, a divide that has deepened with time.[56]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ compare to Nigeria's overall growth rate 2.53%

## See also

[edit]

* 2023 census of Nigeria
* National Bureau of Statistics of Nigeria

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f "Nigeria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
2. ^ "Nigeria, African Countries Lead as World Population Hits Eight Billion". thisdaylive.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
3. ^ "Population in Africa, by country 2020". Statista. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
4. ^ "From the World's most populated countries to the least populated nations". nationsonline.org. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
5. ^ "Country Comparison :: Population". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
6. ^ "Experts worry as Nigeria becomes 4th most populous country". Daily Trust. 12 July 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.[permanent dead link]
7. ^ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
8. ^ Akinyemi, Akanni Ibukun; Isiugo-Abanihe, Uche C. (24 March 2014). "Demographic dynamics and development in Nigeria". African Population Studies. 27 (2): 239–248\. doi:10.11564/27-2-471.
9. ^ "Buhari: By 2050, Nigeria's Population Projected to Rank Third Worldwide after India, China – THISDAYLIVE". thisdaylive.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
10. ^ "Largest Ethnic Groups In Nigeria". WorldAtlas. 18 July 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
11. ^ "Full list of all 371 tribes in Nigeria, states where they originate". Vanguard News. 10 May 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
12. ^ "Nigeria – The Road North". PBS. January 2003. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
13. ^ LeVan, A. Carl; Ukata, Patrick (25 October 2018). The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-880430-7.
14. ^ "Impacts of Coronavirus on Developing Countries". Trinità dei Monti (in Italian). 30 April 2020. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
15. ^ "Planes and pyramids: The surreal mansions of Lebanon's Nigeria Avenue". Middle East Eye édition française. Archived from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
16. ^ Shinn, David H.; Eisenman, Joshua (2012). China and Africa. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812244199. JSTOR j.ctt3fhwkz.
17. ^ "Brits Abroad". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
18. ^ Lysonski, Steven; Durvasula, Srinivas (28 October 2013). "Nigeria in transition: acculturation to global consumer culture". Journal of Consumer Marketing. 30 (6): 493–508\. doi:10.1108/JCM-07-2013-0626. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
19. ^ a b "Nigeria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
20. ^ Okeke, Chukwuma O.; Ibenwa, Christopher N.; Okeke, Gloria Tochukwu (April 2017). "Conflicts Between African Traditional Religion and Christianity in Eastern Nigeria: The Igbo Example". SAGE Open. 7 (2). doi:10.1177/2158244017709322.
21. ^ Nwaka, Jacinta C. (2011). "Beyond the Service of Schools: The Catholic Church and the Use of Creative Art in the Evangelization of the Lower Niger". Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. 20: 67–86\. ISSN 0018-2540. JSTOR 41857175. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
22. ^ "Catholic life in Igboland, Nigeria's Catholic stronghold". Catholics & Cultures. 7 May 2020. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
23. ^ "Christianity in Nigeria". rpl.hds.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
24. ^ Osoba, Joseph Babasola (2015). "Analysis of Discourse in Nigerian Pidgin". Journal of Universal Language. 16: 131–159\. doi:10.22425/jul.2015.16.1.131. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
25. ^ Horváth, Csaba Barnabás (2024). "Highlights of the 2024 UN Demographic Revision". Danube Institute. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
26. ^ a b "Countries Ordered by Population in 2100". Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
27. ^ "NIGERIA'S POPULATION HITS 198M PEOPLE – NPopC CHAIRMAN". National Population Commission of Nigeria. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
28. ^ "Federal Republic of Nigeria: 2006 Population and Housing Census - Population distribution by age & sex" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
29. ^ "Demographic and Social Statistics". United Nations. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
30. ^ "Demographic and Social Statistics". United Nations. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
31. ^ a b c d Dyson, Tim (2010). Population and Development: The Demographic Transition. Zed Books. pp. 70–77.
32. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". United Nations. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
33. ^ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". World Bank. Archived from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
34. ^ "In the News: The Nigerian Census". Prb.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
35. ^ "Map of Central Africa". Businessmonitor.com. Archived from the original (GIF) on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
36. ^ "FIELD LISTING :: TOTAL FERTILITY RATE". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
37. ^ "Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people)". World Bank Group. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
38. ^ "Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018" (PDF). dhsprogram.com.
39. ^ "2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Nigeria p. 23" (PDF). UNICEF. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
40. ^ "Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2023–24" (PDF). dhsprogram.com.
41. ^ "Demographic and Health Survey: 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
42. ^ "Country Main". The DHS Program. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
43. ^ "Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15–49)". World Bank Group. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
44. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
45. ^ "Nigeria - life expectancy at birth 2022". Statista. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
46. ^ "Nigeria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 8 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
47. ^ "Country Profile: Nigeria". Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 25 June 2010. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
48. ^ "NOI-Polls: US And UK Top List Of Countries Most Nigerians Abroad Reside In. Key Reason For Migration Is For Economic Opportunities". Noi-polls.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
49. ^ "Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant". Migrationpolicy.org. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
50. ^ "2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Nigeria". Office of International Religious Freedom. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
51. ^ Ikenwa, Chizoba (24 September 2019). "All Types of Religions in Nigeria Explained". Nigerian Infopedia. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
52. ^ "Mapping out the Global Muslim Population" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
53. ^ "Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" (PDF). Pewforum.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
54. ^ "Future of the World Muslim Population". Pewforum.org. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
55. ^ "Nigeria: Facts and figures". BBC News. 17 April 2007. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
56. ^ a b Stonawski, Marcin; Potančoková, Michaela; Cantele, Matthew; Skirbekk, Vegard (September 2016). "The changing religious composition of Nigeria: causes and implications of demographic divergence" (PDF). The Journal of Modern African Studies. 54 (3): 361–387\. doi:10.1017/s0022278x16000409. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2019.

## Further reading

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Nigeria.

* "Nigeria". Demographic Dividend Initiative. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
* Demographic dynamics and development in Nigeria (Report). ProQuest 1706105013.
* Dyson, Tim (October 2010). Population and Development: The Demographic Transition. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84277-960-6.
* Omoju, Oluwasola E; Abraham, Terfa W (24 March 2014). "Youth bulge and demographic dividend in Nigeria". African Population Studies. 27 (2): 352–360\. doi:10.11564/27-2-480.
* Reed, H. E., & Mberu, B. U. (2014). Capitalizing on Nigeria's demographic dividend: reaping the benefits and diminishing the burdens. Etude de La.
* Reed, Holly E; Mberu, Blessing U (24 March 2014). "Capitalizing on Nigeria's demographic dividend: reaping the benefits and diminishing the burdens". African Population Studies. 27 (2): 319–330\. doi:10.11564/27-2-477. PMC 4335263. PMID 25705077.
* "Nigeria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2018.

* v
* t
* e

Human rights violations in Nigeria

Towards women|

* Baby factories
* Child marriage
* Child sexual abuse
* Domestic violence
* Female genital mutilation
* Gender inequality
* Girl child labour
* Human trafficking
* Polygamy
* Women

Towards LGBT|

* LGBT rights in Nigeria
* LGBT rights in Northern Nigeria
* Recognition of same-sex unions

Towards others|

* Child labour
* Confraternities

See also|

* Abortion
* Corruption
* Demographics
* Organized crime
* Sharia

* v
* t
* e

Ethnic groups in Nigeria

* Afemai
* Anlo Ewe
* Anaang
* Afusari
* Atyap
* Bariba
* Berom
* Buduma
* Chamba
* Defaka
* Dendi
* Djerma
* Ebira
* Edo
* Efik
* Eket
* Ekoi
* Eleme
* Esan
* Fon
* Fula
* Gbagyi
* Goemai
* Hausa
* Ibibio
* Idoma
* Igala
* Igede
* Igbo
* Ekpeye
* Etche
* Ikwerre
* Ukwuani
* Ijaw
* Bille
* Engenni
* Ibani
* Kalabari
* Kula
* Nkoro
* Nkoroo
* Obolo
* Isoko
* Itsekiri
* Iwellemmedan
* Jukun
* Kamuku
* Kanuri
* Kilba
* Kirdi
* Kofyar
* Kotoko
* Kuteb
* Longuda
* Mafa
* Mambilla
* Mandara
* Mumuye
* Nupe
* Ogba
* Ogoni
* Saro
* Tera
* Tangale
* Tarok
* Tiv
* Urhobo
* Waja
* Yakö
* Yoruba
* Ijebu

Nigeria portal

* v
* t
* e

Nigeria articles

History|

* Kingdoms
* Empires

* Aro
* Benin
* Kanem-Bornu
* Nri
* Oyo
* Hausa kingdoms
* Kano
* Daura
* Katsina
* Zazzau
* Gobir
* Biram
* Rano
* Sokoto
* Kebbi
* Kwararafa

|

* Timeline
* Early history
* before 1500
* 1500-1800
* Colonial Nigeria
* Northern Nigeria
* Southern Nigeria
* First Republic
* Military dictatorship
* Civil War
* Second Republic
* Third Republic
* Fourth Republic

Geography|

* Adamawa Plateau
* Borders
* Cities
* Climate change
* Ecoregions
* Environmental issues
* Islands
* Jos Plateau
* Mountains
* National parks
* Niger Delta
* Rivers
* Niger
* Benue
* Wildlife
* Wildlife conservation

Politics|

* Administrative divisions
* Villages
* Cabinet
* Constitution
* Elections
* Federal Executive Council
* Foreign relations
* Human rights
* LGBT rights
* Human trafficking
* Law enforcement
* Military
* National Assembly
* House of Representatives
* Senate
* Political parties
* PDP
* APC
* President
* Vice-President
* Supreme Court

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Brain Drain
* Central Bank
* Corruption
* Economic history
* Energy
* Mining
* Naira (currency)
* Petroleum
* Stock Exchange
* Telecommunications
* Tourism
* Transport

Society|

* Abortion
* Censorship
* Baby factories
* Capital punishment
* Child labour (Girl child labour)
* Child marriage
* Child sexual abuse
* Corruption
* Crime
* Demographics
* Diaspora
* Domestic violence
* Education
* Ethnic groups
* MASSOB
* MOSOP
* Oodua Peoples Congress
* Female genital mutilation
* Gender inequality
* Health
* Languages
* Polygamy
* Poverty
* Prostitution
* Protests
* Refugees
* Social class
* Slavery
* Sustainable Development Goals
* Water supply and sanitation
* Women
* Youth

* Conflicts

* Communal conflicts in Nigeria (Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria)
* Islamist insurgency
* Niger Delta conflicts
* 2016 conflict

|

Culture|

* Anthem
* Cinema
* Coat of arms
* Cuisine
* Flag
* List of Nigerians
* Literature
* Media
* Music
* Public holidays
* Religion (Sharia)
* Smoking
* Sport
* Traditional
* Video gaming

* Outline
* Index

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

Demographics of Africa

Sovereign states|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

States with limited
recognition

* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland

Dependencies and
other territories

* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara

*[Pop.]: Population
*[±% p.a.]: Per annum growth rate
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template