Demographics of Slovakia

Population pyramid of Slovakia in 2020

Population| 5,422,194 (2024 est.)[1]
Birth rate| 9.7 births/1,000 population
Death rate| 11.0 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy| 78.31 years
• male| 74.83 years
• female| 82.04 years
Fertility rate| 1.57 children
Infant mortality rate| 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate| 0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
Total| 0.94 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Nationality
Nationality| Slovak
Major ethnic| Slovaks (83.82%)
Minor ethnic|

*     * Hungarians (7.75%)
* Romani (1.23%)
* Czechs (0.53%)
* Rusyns (0.44%)
* Others (6.23%)

Population density in Slovakia, by district. Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1848| 2,442,000| —
1869| 2,481,811| +0.08%
1880| 2,477,521| −0.02%
1890| 2,595,180| +0.47%
1900| 2,782,925| +0.70%
1910| 2,916,657| +0.47%
1921| 2,993,859| +0.24%
1930| 3,324,111| +1.17%
1946| 3,327,803| +0.01%
1950| 3,442,317| +0.85%
1961| 4,174,046| +1.77%
1970| 4,537,290| +0.93%
1980| 4,991,168| +0.96%
1991| 5,274,335| +0.50%
2001| 5,379,455| +0.20%
2011| 5,397,036| +0.03%
2021| 5,449,270| +0.10%
Source:

Demographic features of the population of Slovakia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The demographic statistics are from the Statistical Office of the SR, unless otherwise indicated.

## Population

[edit]

Total population: 5,422,194 as of 2024.[2]

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2021.[3]

* One birth every 10 minutes
* One death every 9 minutes
* One net migrant every 480 minutes
* Net gain of one person every 1440 minutes

### Population over time

[edit]

Progression of population at censuses  Census Date  | Population  | Population
density
(per km2)

|
|

1848  | 2,442,000 (est.)  | 50
1869  | 2,481,811  | 51
1880  | 2,477,521  | 51
1890  | 2,595,180  | 53
1900  | 2,782,925  | 57
1910  | 2,916,657  | 60
February 15, 1921  | 2,993,859  | 61
December 1, 1930  | 3,324,111  | 68
October 4, 1946  | 3,327,803  | 68
March 1, 1950  | 3,442,317  | 70
March 1, 1961  | 4,174,046  | 85
December 1, 1970  | 4,537,290  | 93
November 1, 1980  | 4,991,168  | 102
March 3, 1991  | 5,274,335  | 108
May 26, 2001  | 5,379,455  | 110
May 21, 2011  | 5,397,036  | 110
June 13, 2021  | 5,449,270  | 111

2.533.544.555.519001920194019601980200020202040millionSlovakia Total Population

This graph was using the legacy Graph extension, which is no longer supported. It needs to be converted to the new Chart extension.

|

12345619001920194019601980200020202040Total fertility rateSlovakia TFR

### Population growth rate

[edit]

-0.08% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 202nd

### Fertility

[edit]

Slovakia total fertility rate by region (2014)

1.5 - 1.7

1.4 - 1.5

1.3 - 1.4

< 1.3

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[4]

Years | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880 | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890[4]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia | 5.96 | 5.96 | 5.92 | 5.87 | 5.83 | 5.78 | 5.74 | 5.77 | 5.8 | 5.83 | 5.86 | 5.9 | 5.83 | 5.76 | 5.7
Years | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900[4]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia | 5.63 | 5.56 | 5.54 | 5.52 | 5.5 | 5.49 | 5.47 | 5.42 | 5.37 | 5.31
Years | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910[4]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia | 5.26 | 5.21 | 5.16 | 5.1 | 5.04 | 4.99 | 4.93 | 4.86 | 4.78 | 4.71
Years | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918[4]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia | 4.63 | 4.56 | 4.13 | 3.7 | 3.28 | 2.85 | 2.43 | 3.03

1.45 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 211th

#### Mother's mean age at first birth

[edit]

27.2 years (2019 est.)

### Life expectancy

[edit]

Life expectancy at birth in Slovakia

total population: 78.07 years
male: 74.56 years
female: 81.82 years (2021 est.)

### Age structure

[edit]

0-14 years: 15.13% (male 423,180 /female 400,128)
15-24 years: 10.06% (male 280,284 /female 266,838)
25-54 years: 44.61% (male 1,228,462 /female 1,198,747)
55-64 years: 13.15% (male 342,142 /female 373,452)
65 years and over: 17.05% (male 366,267 /female 561,120) (2020 est.)

#### Median age

[edit]

total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 41st
male: 40.1 years
female: 43.6 years (2020 est.)

## Vital statistics

[edit]

| Population
(from 1980
December 31)  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural
change  | Births
(per 1000)  | Deaths
(per 1000)  | Natural
change
(per 1000)  | Crude migration
(per 1000)  | Fertility
rates  | Induced
abortions

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1919  | 2,940,000  | 91,729  | 56,866  | 34,863  | 31.2  | 19.3  | 11.9  |  | 3.64
1920  | 3,001,000  | 97,680  | 61,084  | 36,596  | 32.6  | 20.4  | 12.2  | 8.5  | 4.25
1921  | 3,006,000  | 114,947  | 63,507  | 51,440  | 38.2  | 21.1  | 17.1  | -15.4  | 4.96
1922  | 3,046,000  | 111,059  | 62,902  | 48,157  | 36.5  | 20.7  | 15.8  | -2.5  | 4.67
1923  | 3,095,000  | 111,070  | 54,176  | 56,894  | 35.9  | 17.5  | 18.4  | -2.5  | 4.55
1924  | 3,135,000  | 106,062  | 56,322  | 49,740  | 33.8  | 18.0  | 15.9  | -2.3  | 4.25
1925  | 3,168,000  | 102,867  | 56,171  | 46,696  | 32.5  | 17.7  | 14.7  | -4.2  | 4.01
1926  | 3,202,000  | 103,955  | 59,701  | 44,254  | 32.5  | 18.6  | 13.8  | -3.1  | 3.98
1927  | 3,232,000  | 99,891  | 59,172  | 40,719  | 30.9  | 18.3  | 12.6  | -3.2  | 3.76
1928  | 3,258,000  | 99,673  | 58,320  | 41,353  | 30.6  | 17.9  | 12.7  | -4.7  | 3.69
1929  | 3,286,000  | 95,387  | 56,447  | 38,940  | 29.0  | 17.2  | 11.9  | -3.3  | 3.48
1930  | 3,315,000  | 96,898  | 52,268  | 44,630  | 29.2  | 15.8  | 13.5  | -4.7  | 3.49
1931  | 3,350,000  | 93,309  | 54,273  | 39,036  | 27.9  | 16.2  | 11.7  | -1.1  | 3.33
1932  | 3,388,000  | 93,140  | 52,992  | 40,148  | 27.5  | 15.6  | 11.9  | -0.6  | 3.29
1933  | 3,424,000  | 84,975  | 50,655  | 34,320  | 24.8  | 14.8  | 10.0  | 0.6  | 2.96
1934  | 3,456,000  | 83,493  | 50,178  | 33,315  | 24.2  | 14.5  | 9.6  | -0.3  | 2.86
1935  | 3,486,000  | 82,382  | 49,830  | 32,552  | 23.6  | 14.3  | 9.3  | -0.6  | 2.8
1936  | 3,515,000  | 80,923  | 48,547  | 32,376  | 23.0  | 13.8  | 9.2  | -0.6  | 2.79
1937  | 3,540,000  | 79,862  | 49,527  | 30,335  | 22.6  | 14.0  | 8.6  | -1.5  | 2.77
1938  | 3,726,000  | 80,800  | 49,700  | 31,100  | 21.7  | 13.3  | 8.3  | 44.2  | 2.8
1939  | 3,577,000  | 81,200  | 48,800  | 32,400  | 22.7  | 13.6  | 9.1  | -49.1  | 2.83
1940  | 3,553,000  | 85,300  | 52,900  | 32,400  | 24.0  | 14.9  | 9.1  | 15.8  | 2.87
1941  | 3,542,000  | 85,700  | 53,600  | 32,100  | 24.2  | 15.1  | 9.1  | -12.2  | 2.9
1942  | 3,523,000  | 87,200  | 55,900  | 31,300  | 24.8  | 15.9  | 8.9  | -14.3  | 2.93
1943  | 3,503,000  | 87,700  | 50,900  | 36,800  | 25.0  | 14.5  | 10.5  | -16.2  | 2.96
1944  | 3,484,000  | 91,600  | 58,100  | 33,500  | 26.3  | 16.7  | 9.6  | -15.0  | 3
1945  | 3,459,000  | 81,880  | 67,505  | 14,375  | 23.7  | 19.5  | 4.2  | -11.4  | 3.03
1946  | 3,392,000  | 82,204  | 47,589  | 34,615  | 24.2  | 14.0  | 10.2  | -29.6  | 3.09
1947  | 3,399,000  | 87,659  | 41,491  | 46,168  | 25.8  | 12.2  | 13.6  | -11.5  | 3.21
1948  | 3,446,000  | 91,189  | 40,873  | 50,316  | 26.5  | 11.9  | 14.6  | -0.8  | 3.24
1949  | 3,447,000  | 91,053  | 41,727  | 49,326  | 26.4  | 12.1  | 14.3  | -14.0  | 3.28
1950  | 3,463,000  | 99,721  | 39,668  | 60,053  | 28.8  | 11.5  | 17.4  | -12.8  | 3.56
1951  | 3,509,000  | 100,663  | 40,505  | 60,158  | 28.5  | 11.5  | 17.0  | -3.7  | 3.58
1952  | 3,558,000  | 100,824  | 36,897  | 63,927  | 28.0  | 10.2  | 17.7  | -3.7  | 3.57
1953  | 3,599,000  | 99,124  | 35,598  | 63,526  | 26.9  | 9.7  | 17.3  | -5.8  | 3.50
1954  | 3,661,000  | 98,310  | 34,866  | 63,444  | 26.2  | 9.3  | 16.9  | 0.3  | 3.45
1955  | 3,727,000  | 99,305  | 32,917  | 66,388  | 26.0  | 8.6  | 17.4  | 0.6  | 3.47
1956  | 3,787,000  | 99,467  | 32,815  | 66,652  | 25.5  | 8.4  | 17.1  | -1.0  | 3.46
1957  | 3,844,000  | 97,311  | 35,755  | 61,556  | 24.5  | 9.0  | 15.5  | -0.4  | 3.34
1958  | 3,900,000  | 93,272  | 32,106  | 61,166  | 23.1  | 7.9  | 15.1  | -0.5  | 3.25  | 12,383
1959  | 3,946,000  | 87,991  | 34,077  | 53,914  | 21.5  | 8.3  | 13.1  | -1.3  | 3.07  | 17,217
1960  | 3,994,000  | 88,412  | 31,609  | 56,803  | 22.1  | 7.9  | 14.2  | -2.0  | 3.08  | 20,738
1961  | 4,182,000  | 87,359  | 31,403  | 55,956  | 21.6  | 7.8  | 13.8  | 33.3  | 3.04  | 24,244
1962  | 4,238,000  | 83,899  | 34,398  | 49,501  | 19.8  | 8.1  | 11.7  | 1.7  | 2.84  | 23,784
1963  | 4,282,000  | 87,158  | 32,978  | 54,180  | 20.4  | 7.7  | 12.7  | -2.3  | 2.95  | 19,076
1964  | 4,327,000  | 86,878  | 32,875  | 54,003  | 20.1  | 7.6  | 12.5  | -2.0  | 2.91  | 19,174
1965  | 4,371,000  | 84,257  | 35,910  | 48,347  | 19.3  | 8.2  | 11.1  | -0.9  | 2.80  | 21,037
1966  | 4,412,000  | 81,453  | 36,357  | 45,096  | 18.5  | 8.2  | 10.2  | -0.8  | 2.68  | 24,445
1967  | 4,449,000  | 77,537  | 35,458  | 42,079  | 17.4  | 8.0  | 9.5  | -1.1  | 2.50  | 26,571
1968  | 4,484,000  | 76,370  | 38,076  | 38,294  | 17.0  | 8.5  | 8.5  | -0.6  | 2.40  | 27,398
1969  | 4,519,000  | 79,769  | 40,623  | 39,146  | 17.7  | 9.0  | 8.7  | -0.9  | 2.43  | 28,534
1970  | 4,550,000  | 80,666  | 42,240  | 38,426  | 17.7  | 9.3  | 8.4  | -1.5  | 2.40  | 27,873
1971  | 4,557,000  | 83,062  | 42,856  | 40,206  | 18.2  | 9.4  | 8.8  | -7.3  | 2.42  | 28,619
1972  | 4,597,000  | 87,794  | 41,410  | 46,384  | 19.1  | 9.0  | 10.1  | -1.3  | 2.49  | 26,213
1973  | 4,641,000  | 92,953  | 43,759  | 49,194  | 20.0  | 9.4  | 10.6  | -1.0  | 2.56  | 25,335
1974  | 4,690,000  | 97,585  | 44,934  | 52,651  | 20.8  | 9.6  | 11.2  | -0.6  | 2.60  | 26,086
1975  | 4,739,000  | 97,649  | 45,248  | 52,401  | 20.6  | 9.5  | 11.1  | -0.7  | 2.53  | 26,160
1976  | 4,790,000  | 99,814  | 45,420  | 54,394  | 20.8  | 9.5  | 11.4  | -0.6  | 2.52  | 27,700
1977  | 4,841,000  | 99,533  | 47,181  | 52,352  | 20.6  | 9.7  | 10.8  | -0.2  | 2.47  | 27,875
1978  | 4,890,000  | 100,193  | 47,778  | 52,415  | 20.5  | 9.8  | 10.7  | -0.6  | 2.45  | 28,641
1979  | 4,939,000  | 100,240  | 47,837  | 52,403  | 20.3  | 9.7  | 10.6  | -0.6  | 2.44  | 29,981
1980  | 4,996,000[5] | 95,100  | 50,579  | 44,521  | 19.1  | 10.1  | 8.9  | 2.6  | 2.31  | 31,240
1981  | 5,036,000  | 93,290  | 49,632  | 43,658  | 18.6  | 9.9  | 8.7  | -0.7  | 2.28  | 31,943
1982  | 5,074,000  | 92,618  | 50,393  | 42,225  | 18.3  | 10.0  | 8.4  | -0.9  | 2.26  | 33,107
1983  | 5,110,000  | 92,053  | 52,433  | 39,620  | 18.1  | 10.3  | 7.8  | -0.7  | 2.27  | 33,625
1984  | 5,145,000  | 90,843  | 51,739  | 39,104  | 17.7  | 10.1  | 7.6  | -0.8  | 2.25  | 34,268
1985  | 5,179,000  | 90,155  | 52,464  | 37,691  | 17.5  | 10.2  | 7.3  | -0.7  | 2.26  | 36,283
1986  | 5,209,000  | 87,138  | 53,233  | 33,905  | 16.8  | 10.3  | 6.5  | -0.7  | 2.20  | 40,624
1987  | 5,237,000  | 84,006  | 52,980  | 31,026  | 16.1  | 10.1  | 5.9  | -0.5  | 2.18  | 49,690
1988  | 5,264,000  | 83,242  | 52,475  | 30,767  | 15.9  | 10.0  | 5.9  | -0.7  | 2.15  | 51,000
1989  | 5,288,000  | 80,116  | 53,902  | 26,214  | 15.2  | 10.2  | 5.0  | -0.4  | 2.08  | 48,602
1990  | 5,311,000  | 79,989  | 54,619  | 25,370  | 15.1  | 10.3  | 4.8  | -0.5  | 2.09  | 48,437
1991  | 5,296,000  | 78,569  | 54,618  | 23,951  | 14.9  | 10.3  | 4.5  | -7.3  | 2.05  | 45,902
1992  | 5,314,000  | 74,640  | 53,423  | 21,217  | 14.1  | 10.1  | 4.0  | -0.6  | 1.99  | 42,626
1993  | 5,336,000  | 73,256  | 52,707  | 20,549  | 13.8  | 9.9  | 3.9  | 0.2  | 1.93  | 38,815
1994  | 5,356,000  | 66,370  | 51,386  | 14,984  | 12.4  | 9.6  | 2.8  | 0.9  | 1.67  | 34,883
1995  | 5,368,000  | 61,427  | 52,686  | 8,741  | 11.5  | 9.8  | 1.6  | 0.6  | 1.52  | 29,409
1996  | 5,379,000  | 60,123  | 51,236  | 8,887  | 11.2  | 9.5  | 1.7  | 0.3  | 1.47  | 25,173
1997  | 5,388,000  | 59,310  | 52,080  | 7,230  | 11.0  | 9.7  | 1.3  | 0.4  | 1.43  | 22,318
1998  | 5,393,000  | 57,582  | 53,156  | 4,426  | 10.7  | 9.9  | 0.8  | 0.1  | 1.37  | 21,109
1999  | 5,399,000  | 56,223  | 52,402  | 3,821  | 10.4  | 9.7  | 0.7  | 0.4  | 1.33  | 19,949
2000  | 5,403,000  | 55,151  | 52,724  | 2,427  | 10.2  | 9.8  | 0.4  | 0.3  | 1.30  | 18,468
2001  | 5,379,000  | 51,136  | 51,980  | -844  | 9.5  | 9.7  | -0.2  | -4.2  | 1.20  | 18,026
2002  | 5,379,000  | 50,841  | 51,532  | -691  | 9.5  | 9.6  | -0.1  | 0.1  | 1.19  | 17,382
2003  | 5,380,000  | 51,713  | 52,230  | -517  | 9.6  | 9.7  | -0.1  | 0.3  | 1.20  | 16,222
2004  | 5,385,000  | 53,747  | 51,852  | 1,895  | 10.0  | 9.6  | 0.4  | 0.5  | 1.25  | 15,307
2005  | 5,389,000  | 54,430  | 53,475  | 955  | 10.1  | 9.9  | 0.2  | 0.5  | 1.27  | 14,427
2006  | 5,394,000  | 53,904  | 53,301  | 603  | 10.0  | 9.9  | 0.1  | 0.8  | 1.26  | 14,243
2007  | 5,401,000  | 54,424  | 53,856  | 568  | 10.1  | 10.0  | 0.1  | 1.2  | 1.27  | 13,424
2008  | 5,412,000  | 57,360  | 53,164  | 4,196  | 10.6  | 9.8  | 0.8  | 1.2  | 1.34  | 13,394
2009  | 5,425,000  | 61,217  | 52,913  | 8,304  | 11.3  | 9.8  | 1.5  | 0.9  | 1.44  | 13,240
2010  | 5,435,000  | 60,410  | 53,445  | 6,965  | 11.1  | 9.8  | 1.3  | 0.5  | 1.43  | 12,582
2011  | 5,404,000  | 60,813  | 51,903  | 8,910  | 11.3  | 9.6  | 1.7  | -7.4  | 1.45  | 11,789
2012  | 5,411,000  | 55,535  | 52,437  | 3,098  | 10.3  | 9.7  | 0.6  | 0.7  | 1.34  | 11,214
2013  | 5,416,000  | 54,823  | 52,089  | 2,734  | 10.1  | 9.6  | 0.5  | 0.4  | 1.34  | 11,105
2014  | 5,421,000  | 55,033  | 51,346  | 3,687  | 10.2  | 9.5  | 0.7  | 0.2  | 1.37  | 10,582
2015  | 5,426,000  | 55,604  | 53,826  | 1,778  | 10.3  | 9.9  | 0.4  | 0.5  | 1.40  | 10,058
2016  | 5,435,000  | 57,557  | 52,351  | 5,206  | 10.6  | 9.6  | 1.0  | 0.7  | 1.48  | 9,390
2017[6][7] | 5,443,000  | 57,969  | 53,914  | 4,055  | 10.7  | 9.9  | 0.8  | 0.7  | 1.52  | 9,083
2018  | 5,450,000  | 57,639  | 54,293  | 3,346  | 10.6  | 10.0  | 0.6  | 0.7  | 1.54  | 9,039
2019  | 5,458,000  | 57,054  | 53,234  | 3,820  | 10.5  | 9.8  | 0.7  | 1.4  | 1.57  | 6,682
2020[8] | 5,459,781  | 56,650  | 59,089  | -2,439  | 10.4  | 10.8  | -0.4  | 0.8  | 1.59  | 6,180
2021  | 5,434,712  | 56,565  | 73,461  | -16,896  | 10.4  | 13.5  | -3.1  | -1.5  | 1.63  | 5,552
2022  | 5,428,800  | 52,668  | 59,583  | -6,915  | 9.7  | 11.0  | -1.3  | 0.2  | 1.57  | 5,891
2023  | 5,424,687  | 48,627  | 54,133  | -5,506  | 9.0  | 10.0  | -1.0  | 0.3  | 1.49  | 5,910
2024  | 5,419,451  | 46,241  | 53,876  | -7,635  | 8.5  | 10.0  | -1.4  | 0.4  |  |

### Current vital statistics

[edit]

Period  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural increase

|
|
|

January-May 2024 | 19,386  | 22,557  | -3,171
January-May 2025 | 17,052  | 22,852  | -5,800
Difference |  -2,334 (-12.04%)  |  +295 (+1.31%)  |  -2,629
Source:[9]

### Total fertility rates by region

[edit]

2022[10] Regions  | TFR

|

Banská Bystrica Region | 1.51
Stredné Slovensko | 1.50
Žilina Region | 1.50
Bratislava Region | 1.44
Bratislava Region | 1.44
Trnava Region | 1.42
Nitra Region | 1.41
Western Slovakia | 1.39
Trenčín Region | 1.35

### Structure of the population

[edit]

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021): [11]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 2 666 486  | 2 793 295  | 5 459 781  | 100
0–4  | 151 050  | 143 932  | 294 982  | 5.40
5–9  | 148 703  | 141 292  | 289 995  | 5.31
10–14  | 145 175  | 138 142  | 283 317  | 5.19
15–19  | 134 762  | 127 412  | 262 174  | 4.80
20–24  | 146 693  | 139 514  | 286 207  | 5.24
25–29  | 178 989  | 171 583  | 350 572  | 6.42
30–34  | 205 583  | 197 417  | 403 000  | 7.38
35–39  | 223 148  | 210 774  | 433 922  | 7.95
40–44  | 233 997  | 219 935  | 453 932  | 8.31
45–49  | 210 693  | 203 524  | 414 217  | 7.59
50–54  | 172 944  | 172 772  | 345 716  | 6.33
55–59  | 174 312  | 181 729  | 356 041  | 6.52
60–64  | 167 771  | 185 911  | 353 682  | 6.48
65-69  | 150 908  | 184 068  | 334 976  | 6.14
70-74  | 103 829  | 143 803  | 247 632  | 4.54
75-79  | 59 778  | 100 517  | 160 295  | 2.94
80-84  | 34 122  | 69 918  | 104 040  | 1.91
85-89  | 16 505  | 40 150  | 56 655  | 1.04
90-94  | 5 395  | 15 678  | 21 073  | 0.39
95-99  | 1 462  | 4 076  | 5 538  | 0.10
100+  | 667  | 1 148  | 1 815  | 0.03
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 444 928  | 423 366  | 868 294  | 15.90
15–64  | 1 848 892  | 1 810 571  | 3 659 463  | 67.03
65+  | 372 666  | 559 358  | 932 024  | 17.07

## Languages

[edit]

Slovak (official) 81.77%, Hungarian 8.48%, Roma 1.84%, Rusyn 0.71%, other or unspecified 7.2% (2021 census)

## Employment and income

[edit]

### Unemployment, youth ages 15–24

[edit]

Total: 19.4%. Country comparison to the world: 81st
Male: 98.6%
Female: 21.2% (2020 est.)

## Ethnic groups

[edit]

Linguistic composition within the territory of modern Slovakia in 1910 Ethnic structure of Slovakia according to Census 2011 Ethnic structure of Slovakia in 2021

The majority of the 5.4 million inhabitants of Slovakia are Slovak (83.82%). Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority (7.75%) and are concentrated in the southern and eastern regions of Slovakia. Other ethnic groups include Roma (1.23%), Czechs, Croats, Rusyns, Ukrainians, Germans, Poles, Gorals, Serbs[12] and Jews (about 2,300 remain of the estimated pre-WWII population of 120,000).

While both international organizations (the United Nations and the World Bank) and the official Slovak statistics office offer population figures for ethnic groups, these figures seldom come close to agreement. Figures for the Roma population (for a variety of reasons) vary between 1% and 10% of the population. In the most recent survey carried out by the Slovak Government's Roma Plenipotentiary, the figure for the percentage of Roma was arrived at through interview with municipality representatives and mayors, according to how many Roma they think live in their jurisdictions. The figure arrived at by this means was in the region of 300,000 (about 5.6%). Note that in the case of the 5.6%, however, the above percentages of Hungarians and Slovaks are lower accordingly.[citation needed]

Population of Slovakia according to ethnic group at censuses 1950–2021[13][14] Ethnic
group  | 1950  | 1961  | 1970  | 1980  | 1991  | 2001  | 2011  | 2021[15]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %
Slovaks |  | 86.6  |  | 85.3  |  | 85.5  | 4,317,008  | 86.5  | 4,519,328  | 85.7  | 4,614,854 | 85.8  | 4,352,775  | 80.7  | 4,567,547  | 83.8
Hungarians |  | 10.3  |  | 12.4  |  | 12.2  | 559,490 | 11.2 | 567,296 | 10.8 | 520,528 | 9.7  | 458,467  | 8.5  | 422,065  | 7.7
Romani1 |  | \-  |  | \-  |  | \-  | - | - | 75,802 | 1.4 | 89,920 | 1.7  | 105,738 | 2.0  | 67,179  | 1.2
Czechs |  | 1.2  |  | 1.1  |  | 1.0  | 57,197 | 1.1 | 59,326 | 1.1 | 44,620 | 0.8  | 30,367  | 0.6  | 28,996  | 0.5
Rusyns |  | 1.4  |  | \-  |  | 0.9  | 36,850  | 0.7  | 17,197 | 0.3 | 24,201 | 0.4  | 33,482 | 0.6  | 23,746  | 0.4
Ukrainians | 13,281 | 0.3 | 10,814 | 0.2  | 7,430  | 0.1  | 9,451  | 0.2
Others  |  | 0.5  |  | 1.2  |  | 0.4  | 20,623  | 0.4  | 22,105 | 0.4 | 74,518 | 1.4  | 26,284  | 0.5  | 34,728  | 0.6
Unknown  | 382,493  | 7.1  | 295,558  | 5.4
Total  | 3,442,317  | 4,174,046  | 4,537,290  | 4,991,168  | 5,274,335  | 5,379,455  | 5,397,036  | 5,450,421
1 Before 1991 the Romani were not recognized as a separate ethnic group

The official state language is Slovak, and Hungarian is widely spoken in the southern regions.

Despite its modern European economy and society, Slovakia has a significant rural element. About 45% of Slovaks live in villages with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants, and 14% in villages with fewer than 1,000.

## Immigration

[edit]

Foreign residents:[16]

| 2023 | 2024 | 2025

|
|
|

Total  | 294,607  | 327,372  | 342,048
Ukraine | 165,041 | 187,719 | 201,116
Serbia | 19,065 | 19,067 | 16,240
Czechia | 12,702 | 12,742 | 12,441
Hungary | 9,606 | 9,754 | 9,759
Vietnam | 8,448 | 9,655 | 11,179
Russia | 8,092 | 8,674 | 8,850
Romania | 6,756 | 6,586 | 6,411
Poland | 6,072 | 6,054 | 5,994
Germany | 4,497 | 4,472 | 4,451
Georgia | 4,245 | 5,760 | 4,676
North Macedonia | 3,510 | 3,689 | 3,211
Italy | 2,977 | 3,067 | 3,252
China | 2,791 | 3,016 | 3,323
United Kingdom | 2,706 | 2,707 | 2,591
India | 2,586 | 3,992 | 5,732
Austria | 2,580 | 2,599 | 2,574
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,753 | 1,708 | 1,365
Bulgaria | 1,602 | 1,546 | 1,531
France | 1,540 | 1,518 | 1,468
South Korea | 1,497 | 1,569 | 1,619
Belarus | 1,319 | 1,723 | 1,814
Albania | 1,224 | 1,671 | 1,346
Kazakhstan | 1,223 | 1,389 | 1,525
Spain | 1,184 | 1,151 | 1,090
Iran | 1,179 | 1,175 | 1,136
Turkey | 1,176 | 1,436 | 1,546
United States | 1,147 | 1,368 | 1,379
Croatia | 1,100 | 1,081 | 1,067
Kyrgyzstan | 1,033 | 1,462 | 1,717
Others/undeclared | 15,416 | 19,022 | 21,645
Slovakia net migration, 1993–2024  Year | Immigrants | Emigrants | Net migration

|
|
|

1993 | 9,106 | 7,355 | 1,751
1995 | 3,055 | 213 | 2,842
1996 | 2,477 | 222 | 2,255
1997 | 2,303 | 572 | 1,731
1998 | 2,052 | 746 | 1,306
1999 | 2,072 | 618 | 1,454
2000 | 2,274 | 811 | 1,463
2001 | 2,023 | 1,011 | 1,012
2002 | 2,312 | 1,411 | 901
2003 | 2,603 | 1,194 | 1,409
2004 | 4,460 | 1,586 | 2,874
2005 | 5,276 | 1,873 | 3,403
2006 | 5,589 | 1,735 | 3,854
2007 | 8,624 | 1,831 | 6,793
2008 | 8,765 | 1,705 | 7,060
2009 | 6,346 | 1,979 | 4,367
2010 | 5,272 | 1,889 | 3,383
2011 | 4,829 | 1,863 | 2,966
2012 | 5,419 | 2,003 | 3,416
2013 | 5,149 | 2,770 | 2,379
2014 | 5,357 | 3,644 | 1,713
2015 | 6,997 | 3,870 | 3,127
2016 | 7,686 | 3,801 | 3,885
2017 | 7,188 | 3,466 | 3,722
2018 | 7,253 | 3,298 | 3,955
2019 | 7,016 | 3,384 | 3,632
2020 | 6,775 | 2,428 | 4,347
2021 | 5,733 | 3,395 | 2,338
2022 | 5,463 | 4,468 | 995
2023 | 5,923 | 4,522 | 1,401
2024 | 6,824 | 4,425 | 2,399

[17]

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in Slovakia

Religious structure of Slovakia in 2011

The Slovak constitution guarantees freedom of religion. At the 2021 census, the majority of Slovak citizens (55.76%) practise Roman Catholicism; the second-largest group consider themselves atheists (23.79%). About 5.27% are Protestants, 4% are Greek Catholics, 1.56% are Reformed Christian, and 0.93% are Orthodox.

## See also

[edit]

* Roma in Slovakia

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Stock of population in the SR on 30 June 2024". slovak.statistics.sk. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
2. ^ "Stock of population in the SR on 30 June 2024". slovak.statistics.sk. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
3. ^ "Slovakia Population 2021", World Population Review
4. ^ a b c d e Max Roser (2014), "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation, archived from the original on 2019-03-09, retrieved 2019-05-02
5. ^ datacube Slovakia, visited 23 december 2023
6. ^ "Štatistický úrad SR". Portal.statistics.sk. Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
7. ^ "Main demographic data". Infostat.sk. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
8. ^ "Štatistický úrad SR". Portal.statistics.sk.
9. ^ "Population Change".
10. ^ "Total fertility rate by NUTS 3 region". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2025-04-13.
11. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
12. ^ "Serbs in Slovakia granted minority status". Archived from the original on 2010-09-18. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
13. ^ "Demographic data from population and housing censuses in Slovakia". Sodb.infostat.sk. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
14. ^ "Development of prices in production area in July 2017" (PDF). Portal.statistics.sk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
15. ^ "Ethnic composition of Slovakia 2021". Retrieved 5 July 2022.
16. ^ "Štatistický prehľad legálnej a nelegálnej migrácie v Slovenskej republike - I. polrok 2023".
17. ^ "Statistics Slovakia". Statistics Slovakia. Retrieved 2024-06-14.

## External links

[edit]

* "New Page 1". Statistics.sk. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
* "Main demographic data". Infostat.sk. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
* (in Czech) summary of villages in Hungary in 1864 - 1865, PETROV, Alexej Leonidovich. Sborník Fr. Pestyho Helység névtara-Seznam osad v Uhrách z r. 1864-65, : jako pramen historicko-demografických údajů o slovenských a karpatoruských osadách. Praha : Česká akademie věd a umění, 1927. 174 s. - available online at University Library in Bratislava Digital Library

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Slovakia articles

History|

| Roman era|

* Pannonia
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|

Migration period|

* Hunnic Empire
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Kingdom of Hungary
Habsburg monarchy|

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Czechoslovakia|

* Washington Declaration (1918)
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* Munich Betrayal (1938)
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Geography|

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Ethnic groups in Slovakia

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