Demographics of the Czech Republic

Czech Republic population pyramid in 2024

Population|  10,859,532 (31 March 2024)[1]
Growth rate| 0.004% (2020)[2]
Birth rate|  9.5 births/1,000 population (2022)[2]
Death rate|  11.4 deaths/1,000 population (2022)[2]
Life expectancy| 79.3 years (2020)[2]
• male| 76.3 years (2020)[2]
• female| 82.4 years (2020)[2]
Fertility rate|  1.45 children born/woman (2023)
Infant mortality rate| 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020)[2]
Net migration rate| 2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020)[2]
Age structure
0–14 years|  15.5 % (2024)
15–64 years|  63.8 % (2024)
65 and over|  20.7 % (2024)
Sex ratio
Total| 0.97 male(s)/female (2018)[3]
Nationality
Nationality|

* noun: Czech(s)
* adjective: Czech

Major ethnic| Czech 64.3% (2011)[2] [fn 1]
Minor ethnic|

* Moravian 5%
* Slovak 1.4%
* other 1.8%
* unspecified 27.5%
* (2011)[2]

Language
Official| Czech
Spoken|

* Czech (official) 95.4%
* Slovak 1.6%
* other 3%
* (2011 census)[2]

Demographic features of the population of the Czech Republic include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the population, economic status, and religious affiliations.

## Population

[edit]

Population density in the Czech Republic by district

With an estimated population of 10.5 million as of 2022, compared to 9.3 million at the beginning of the 20th century, the population growth of the Czech Republic has been limited, due to low fertility rates and loss of population in and around World Wars I and II. Population loss during World War I was approximately 350,000. At the beginning of World War II the population of the Czech Republic reached its maximum (11.2 million). Due to the expulsion of the German residents after World War II, the Czech Republic lost about 3 million inhabitants and in 1947 the population was only 8.8 million. Population growth resumed, and in 1994 the population was 10.33 million.

From 1994 to 2003 natural growth was slightly negative (−0.15% per year) and the population decreased to 10.2 million. Since 2005, natural growth has been positive, but in recent times the most important influence on the population of the Czech Republic has been immigration: approximately 300,000 during the 2010s.

* One birth every 5 minutes
* One death every 5 minutes
* One net migrant every 44 minutes
* Net gain of one person every 131 minutes

8.599.51010.51111.519001920194019601980200020202040millionCzech Republic Total Population -20-1001020304019001920194019601980200020202040Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration change (per 1000)Czech Republic Population Change [4]

### Total population

[edit]

Historical population| Year| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1790| 4,444,000| —
1800| 4,659,000| +4.8%
1810| 4,870,000| +4.5%
1820| 5,272,791| +8.3%
1830| 5,996,778| +13.7%
1840| 6,378,071| +6.4%
1850| 6,826,465| +7.0%
1860| 7,277,801| +6.6%
| Year| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1869| 7,617,230| +4.7%
1880| 8,222,013| +7.9%
1890| 8,665,421| +5.4%
1900| 9,372,214| +8.2%
1910| 10,078,637| +7.5%
1921| 10,009,587| −0.7%
1930| 10,674,386| +6.6%
1950| 8,896,133| −16.7%
| Year| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1961| 9,571,531| +7.6%
1970| 9,807,697| +2.5%
1980| 10,291,927| +4.9%
1991| 10,302,215| +0.1%
2001| 10,230,060| −0.7%
2011| 10,436,560| +2.0%
2021| 10,524,167| +0.8%
Since 1869, the data come from the censuses.
Source: Czech Demographic Handbook [5]

### Life expectancy

[edit]

total population: 79.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 56th
male: 76.55 years
female: 82.61 years (2021 est.)

Death rate

10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 23rd

Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[6]

Life expectancy since 1875 Life expectancy since 1960 by gender Period  | Life expectancy
in years

|

1950–1955  | 66.86
1955–1960  |  69.59
1960–1965  |  70.35
1965–1970  |  69.99
1970–1975  |  70.04
1975–1980  |  70.64
1980–1985  |  70.78
1985–1990  |  71.46
1990–1995  |  72.50
1995–2000  |  74.23
2000–2005  |  75.54
2005–2010  |  76.98
2010–2015  |  78.17

4050607080901920194019601980200020202040Life expectancy of both sexesLife expectancy of malesLife expectancy of femalesCzech Republic Life Expectancy IMRyear05010015020025019001920194019601980200020202040Infant Mortality (per 1000 births)Czech Republic Infant Mortality

### Fertility

[edit]

1234519001920194019601980200020202040Total fertility rateCzech Republic TFR

Czech Republic total fertility rate by region (2014)[7] Birth rate :8.75 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 207th Total fertility rate :1.83 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 205th Mother's mean age at first birth :28.5 years (2019 est.)

1.9 – 2.1

1.7 – 1.9

1.5 – 1.7

1.4 – 1.5

1.3 – 1.4

< 1.3

Number of children by mother's age[8]

0369121518195019601970198019902000201020202030Share of teenage mothers (proportion of live births to mothers under 20)Czech Republic Share Of Teenage Mothers (%)

### Population density and urban areas

[edit]

Main article: List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic

Name  | Population (2025)[9] | Area (km²)  | Region

|
|
|

Prague | 1,397,880 | 496 | Prague
Brno | 402,739 | 230 | South Moravian
Ostrava | 283,187 | 214 | Moravian-Silesian
Plzeň | 187,928 | 138 | Plzeň
Liberec | 108,090 | 106 | Liberec
Olomouc | 103,063 | 103 | Olomouc

### Age structure

[edit]

2020
0–14 years: 15.17% (male 834,447 /female 789,328)
15–24 years: 9.2% (male 508,329 /female 475,846)
25–54 years: 43.29% (male 2,382,899 /female 2,249,774)
55–64 years: 12.12% (male 636,357 /female 660,748)
65 years and over: 20.23% (male 907,255 /female 1,257,515)

01020304050607080194019601980200020202040Population <15Population 15-64Population 65+Czech Republic Age Structure (%) 0.750.80.850.90.9511.05194019601980200020202040Male(s)/female totalMale(s)/female <15Male(s)/female 15-64Male(s)/female 65+Czech Republic Sex Ratio

Median age

* total: 43.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 28th
* male: 42 years
* female: 44.7 years (2020 est.)

* Age structure over time
* 1980

* 1990

* 1999

* 2007

* 2020

32343638404244194019601980200020202040millionCzech Republic Median Age

## Vital statistics

[edit]

Live births and deaths in the Czech Republic

Source: Czech Demographic Handbook,[10] Czech Statistical Office – Data and time series[11]

| Average population (Mid-year)  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural change  | Crude birth rate (per 1000)  | Crude death rate (per 1000)  | Natural change (per 1000)  | Crude migration rate (per 1000)  | Total fertility rates[12] | Female fertile population (15–49 years)[13] | Migration change[14] | Induced abortions[15]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1900  | 9,333,853  | 335,441  | 231,190  | 104,251  | 35.4  | 24.4  | 11.1  | -10.8  | 4.85
1901  | 9,404,689  | 330,411  | 224,151  | 106,260  | 34.6  | 23.5  | 11.2  | -3.8  | 4.76
1902  | 9,474,876  | 338,746  | 225,686  | 113,060  | 35.2  | 23.5  | 11.8  | -4.6  | 4.68
1903  | 9,545,134  | 323,257  | 221,682  | 101,575  | 33.3  | 22.9  | 10.6  | -3.3  | 4.6
1904  | 9,615,027  | 324,295  | 225,817  | 98,478  | 33.2  | 23.1  | 10.2  | -3.0  | 4.52
1905  | 9,684,512  | 305,183  | 236,324  | 68,859  | 31.0  | 24.1  | 7.1  | 0.1  | 4.44
1906  | 9,745,475  | 318,287  | 206,380  | 111,907  | 32.1  | 20.8  | 11.4  | -5.3  | 4.36
1907  | 9,824,544  | 311,131  | 214,301  | 96,830  | 31.2  | 21.4  | 9.8  | -1.8  | 4.27
1908  | 9,894,520  | 313,417  | 213,207  | 100,210  | 31.2  | 21.2  | 10.1  | -3.1  | 4.19
1909  | 9,964,789  | 310,338  | 213,338  | 97,000  | 30.6  | 21.1  | 9.7  | -2.7  | 4.11
1910  | 10,035,575  | 300,362  | 199,961  | 100,401  | 29.5  | 19.6  | 9.9  | -3.0  | 4.03
1911  | 10,099,152  | 292,360  | 208,057  | 84,303  | 28.6  | 20.4  | 8.3  | -2.1  | 3.92
1912  | 10,157,344  | 283,527  | 205,165  | 78,362  | 27.6  | 20.0  | 7.7  | -2.0  | 3.82
1913  | 10,221,343  | 278,072  | 192,332  | 85,740  | 26.9  | 18.6  | 8.3  | -2.1  | 3.71
1914  | 10,283,486  | 257,265  | 181,981  | 75,284  | 26.2  | 18.4  | 7.6  | -1.3  | 3.6
1915  | 10,285,882  | 188,657  | 193,900  | -5,243  | 19.2  | 19.6  | -0.5  | 0.7  | 3.5
1916  | 10,221,815  | 132,818  | 179,796  | -46,978  | 13.7  | 18.2  | -4.8  | -1.7  | 3.39
1917  | 10,128,304  | 119,938  | 182,554  | -62,616  | 12.5  | 18.6  | -6.4  | -3.0  | 3.28
1918  | 10,004,335  | 113,489  | 227,729  | -114,240  | 12.1  | 23.6  | -11.9  | -11.1  | 3.18
1919  | 9,921,710  | 189,675  | 177,428  | 12,247  | 19.1  | 17.9  | 1.2  | -9.5  | 3.07
1920  | 9,978,420  | 244,668  | 176,562  | 68,106  | 24.5  | 17.7  | 6.8  | -1.1  | 2.964  | 2,787,978
1921  | 10,002,030  | 257,281  | 161,321  | 95,960  | 25.7  | 16.1  | 9.6  | -7.3  | 3.035  | 2,810,061
1922  | 10,112,730  | 248,728  | 163,366  | 85,362  | 24.6  | 16.2  | 8.4  | 2.5  | 2.882  | 2,852,697  | -14,842
1923  | 10,198,370  | 241,230  | 142,335  | 98,895  | 23.7  | 14.0  | 9.7  | -1.3  | 2.768  | 2,884,554  | -10,930
1924  | 10,277,770  | 228,894  | 146,098  | 82,796  | 22.3  | 14.2  | 8.1  | -0.3  | 2.590  | 2,914,672  | -7,856
1925  | 10,369,760  | 225,555  | 146,450  | 79,105  | 21.8  | 14.1  | 7.6  | 1.3  | 2.484  | 2,950,835  | -8,720
1926  | 10,442,610  | 219,802  | 148,298  | 71,504  | 21.0  | 14.2  | 6.8  | 0.1  | 2.392  | 2,980,498  | -6,488
1927  | 10,495,940  | 208,711  | 155,479  | 53,232  | 19.9  | 14.8  | 5.1  | 0.0  | 2.237  | 3,007,055  | -5,501
1928  | 10,549,221  | 208,942  | 147,064  | 61,878  | 19.8  | 13.9  | 5.9  | -0.8  | 2.209  | 3,032,177  | -6,634
1929  | 10,597,761  | 203,064  | 155,493  | 47,571  | 19.2  | 14.7  | 4.5  | 0.1  | 2.124  | 3,051,531  | -5,440
1930  | 10,648,057  | 207,224  | 142,159  | 65,065  | 19.5  | 13.4  | 6.1  | -1.4  | 2.149  | 3,057,394  | -4,948
1931  | 10,702,208  | 196,214  | 144,534  | 51,680  | 18.3  | 13.5  | 4.8  | 0.2  | 2.026  | 3,043,805  | -3,105
1932  | 10,750,003  | 190,397  | 142,997  | 47,400  | 17.7  | 13.3  | 4.4  | 0.0  | 1.966  | 3,017,535  | -1,246
1933  | 10,791,313  | 176,201  | 140,906  | 35,295  | 16.3  | 13.1  | 3.3  | 0.6  | 1.826  | 2,987,230  | -211
1934  | 10,826,082  | 171,042  | 135,914  | 35,128  | 15.8  | 12.6  | 3.2  | 0.0  | 1.774  | 2,971,471  | -1,069
1935  | 10,853,125  | 161,748  | 140,878  | 20,870  | 14.9  | 13.0  | 1.9  | 06  | 1.678  | 2,979,846  | -1,044
1936  | 10,872,519  | 157,992  | 139,093  | 18,899  | 14.5  | 12.8  | 1.7  | 0.0  | 1.664  | 3,001,262  | -1,538
1937  | 10,888,540  | 155,996  | 139,558  | 16,438  | 14.3  | 12.8  | 1.5  | 0.0  | 1.690  | 3,024,902  | -2,997
1938  | 10,877,442  | 163,525  | 143,115  | 20,410  | 15.0  | 13.2  | 1.9  | -2.9  | 1.847
1939  | 11,105,990  | 192,344  | 146,976  | 45,368  | 17.3  | 13.2  | 4.1  | 16.8  | 1.916
1940  | 11,159,539  | 218,043  | 153,499  | 64,544  | 19.5  | 13.8  | 5.8  | -1.0  | 2.195
1941  | 11,129,373  | 208,913  | 152,048  | 56,865  | 18.8  | 13.7  | 5.1  | -7.8  | 2.279
1942  | 11,054,018  | 199,259  | 153,096  | 46,163  | 18.0  | 13.8  | 4.2  | -10.9  | 2.422
1943  | 11,034,846  | 225,379  | 153,349  | 72,030  | 20.4  | 13.9  | 6.5  | -8.3  | 2.784
1944  | 11,109,341  | 230,183  | 161,457  | 68,726  | 20.7  | 14.5  | 6.2  | 0.5  | 2.796
1945  | 10,692,912  | 194,182  | 184,944  | 9,238  | 18.2  | 17.3  | 0.9  | -45.8  | 2.673  | 2,160,614
1946  | 9,523,266  | 210,454  | 134,568  | 75,886  | 22.1  | 14.1  | 8.0  | -116.5  | 3.254  | 2,213,164
1947  | 8,765,230  | 206,745  | 105,277  | 101,468  | 23.6  | 12.0  | 11.6  | -90.3  | 3.050  | 2,414,191  | 49,731
1948  | 8,893,104  | 197,837  | 101,501  | 96,336  | 22.2  | 11.4  | 10.8  | 3.6  | 2.886  | 2,410,762  | 720
1949  | 8,892,613  | 185,484  | 104,632  | 80,852  | 20.9  | 11.8  | 9.1  | -9.1  | 2.728  | 2,364,198  | 3,202
1950  | 8,925,122  | 188,341  | 103,203  | 85,138  | 21.1  | 11.6  | 9.5  | -5.9  | 2.801  | 2,327,181  | 16,784
1951  | 9,023,170  | 185,570  | 102,658  | 82,912  | 20.6  | 11.4  | 9.2  | 1.7  | 2.763  | 2,310,547  | 12,910
1952  | 9,125,183  | 180,143  | 97,726  | 82,417  | 19.9  | 10.8  | 9.0  | 2.2  | 2.701  | 2,292,960  | 21,022
1953  | 9,220,908  | 172,547  | 98,837  | 73,710  | 18.9  | 10.8  | 8.0  | 2.4  | 2.611  | 2,276,097  | 11,325
1954  | 9,290,617  | 168,402  | 99,636  | 68,766  | 18.3  | 10.8  | 7.4  | 0.1  | 2.581  | 2,258,979  | -2,376
1955  | 9,365,969  | 165,874  | 93,300  | 72,574  | 17.9  | 10.1  | 7.7  | 0.3  | 2.578  | 2,249,231  | 3,437
1956  | 9,442,040  | 162,509  | 93,526  | 68,983  | 17.4  | 10.0  | 7.3  | 0.8  | 2.568  | 2,242,227  | 6,176
1957  | 9,513,758  | 155,429  | 98,687  | 56,742  | 16.6  | 10.5  | 6.0  | 1.6  | 2.495  | 2,235,891  | 6,832
1958  | 9,574,650  | 141,762  | 93,697  | 48,065  | 15.0  | 9.9  | 5.0  | 1.3  | 2.305  | 2,235,143  | 6,118  | 49,035
1959  | 9,618,554  | 128,982  | 97,159  | 31,823  | 13.6  | 10.3  | 3.3  | 1.3  | 2.121  | 2,236,848  | 8,054  | 61,914
1960  | 9,659,818  | 128,879  | 93,863  | 35,016  | 13.6  | 9.9  | 3.6  | 0.6  | 2.113  | 2,238,414  | 6,521  | 67,550
1961  | 9,588,016  | 131,019  | 94,973  | 36,046  | 13.7  | 9.9  | 3.8  | -11.2  | 2.133  | 2,233,224  | 4,911  | 70,062
1962  | 9,621,808  | 133,557  | 104,318  | 29,239  | 13.9  | 10.8  | 3.0  | 0.5  | 2.140  | 2,250,320  | 5,823  | 66,031
1963  | 9,668,741  | 148,840  | 100,129  | 48,711  | 15.4  | 10.4  | 5.0  | -0.2  | 2.332  | 2,267,933  | 8,277  | 51,470
1964  | 9,730,019  | 154,420  | 101,984  | 52,436  | 15.9  | 10.5  | 5.4  | 0.9  | 2.356  | 2,283,352  | 4,814  | 51,525
1965  | 9,785,102  | 147,438  | 105,108  | 42,330  | 15.1  | 10.7  | 4.3  | 1.3  | 2.178  | 2,307,598  | 3,528  | 58,554
1966  | 9,826,188  | 141,162  | 105,784  | 35,378  | 14.4  | 10.8  | 3.6  | 0.6  | 2.01  | 2,348,038  | 2,127  | 65,818
1967  | 9,854,241  | 138,448  | 108,967  | 29,481  | 14.1  | 11.1  | 3.0  | -0.1  | 1.90  | 2,394,485  | -3,267  | 69,850
1968  | 9,877,632  | 137,437  | 115,195  | 22,242  | 13.9  | 11.7  | 2.3  | 0.1  | 1.83  | 2,441,326  | -1,562  | 72,488
1969  | 9,896,695  | 143,165  | 120,653  | 22,512  | 14.5  | 12.2  | 2.3  | -0.3  | 1.86  | 2,474,842  | -2,724  | 74,263
1970  | 9,805,157  | 147,865  | 123,327  | 24,538  | 15.1  | 12.6  | 2.5  | -11.7  | 1.91  | 2,459,252  | -4,350  | 71,893
1971  | 9,830,602  | 154,180  | 122,375  | 31,805  | 15.7  | 12.5  | 3.2  | -0.6  | 1.98  | 2,458,469  | 2,490  | 68,652
1972  | 9,868,379  | 163,661  | 119,205  | 44,456  | 16.6  | 12.1  | 4.5  | -0.7  | 2.07  | 2,457,952  | 2,884  | 65,079
1973  | 9,919,519  | 181,750  | 124,437  | 57,313  | 18.3  | 12.5  | 5.8  | -0.6  | 2.29  | 2,452,906  | 4,615  | 55,898
1974  | 9,994,761  | 194,215  | 126,809  | 67,406  | 19.4  | 12.7  | 6.7  | 0.8  | 2.43  | 2,446,024  | 3,052  | 56,969
1975  | 10,062,366  | 191,776  | 124,314  | 67,462  | 19.1  | 12.4  | 6.7  | 0.0  | 2.40  | 2,435,921  | 2,401  | 55,511
1976  | 10,128,220  | 187,378  | 125,232  | 62,146  | 18.5  | 12.4  | 6.1  | 0.4  | 2.36  | 2,428,019  | 2,630  | 56,889
1977  | 10,189,312  | 181,763  | 126,214  | 55,549  | 17.8  | 12.4  | 5.5  | 0.5  | 2.32  | 2,423,656  | 1,307  | 61,114
1978  | 10,245,686  | 178,901  | 127,136  | 51,765  | 17.5  | 12.4  | 5.1  | 0.5  | 2.32  | 2,424,580  | 2,064  | 63,904
1979  | 10,296,489  | 172,112  | 127,949  | 44,163  | 16.7  | 12.4  | 4.3  | 0.6  | 2.29  | 2,430,946  | 2,494  | 64,505
1980  | 10,326,792  | 153,801  | 135,537  | 18,264  | 15.0  | 13.2  | 1.8  | 1.2  | 2.10  | 2,435,437  | 1,856  | 68,930
1981  | 10,303,208  | 144,438  | 130,407  | 14,031  | 14.0  | 12.7  | 1.4  | -3.6  | 2.02  | 2,429,295  | 1,717  | 71,574
1982  | 10,314,321  | 141,738  | 130,765  | 10,973  | 13.7  | 12.7  | 1.1  | 0.0  | 2.01  | 2,431,178  | 1,748  | 74,574
1983  | 10,322,823  | 137,431  | 134,474  | 2,957  | 13.3  | 13.0  | 0.3  | 0.5  | 1.96  | 2,436,205  | 2,383  | 75,037
1984  | 10,330,481  | 136,941  | 132,188  | 4,753  | 13.3  | 12.8  | 0.5  | 0.3  | 1.97  | 2,445,979  | 2,621  | 79,534
1985  | 10,336,742  | 135,881  | 131,641  | 4,240  | 13.1  | 12.7  | 0.4  | 0.6  | 1.96  | 2,459,586  | 2,195  | 83,042
1986  | 10,340,737  | 133,356  | 132,585  | 771  | 12.9  | 12.8  | 0.1  | 0.3  | 1.94  | 2,477,791  | 3,013  | 83,564
1987  | 10,348,834  | 130,921  | 127,244  | 3,677  | 12.7  | 12.3  | 0.4  | 0.4  | 1.91  | 2,501,531  | 2,721  | 109,626
1988  | 10,356,359  | 132,667  | 125,694  | 6,973  | 12.8  | 12.1  | 0.7  | 0.1  | 1.94  | 2,529,458  | 2,544  | 113,730
1989  | 10,362,257  | 128,356  | 127,747  | 609  | 12.4  | 12.3  | 0.1  | 0.5  | 1.87  | 2,562,592  | 1,459  | 111,683
1990  | 10,362,740  | 130,564  | 129,166  | 1,398  | 12.6  | 12.5  | 0.1  | -0.1  | 1.89  | 2,594,107  | 624  | 111,268
1991  | 10,308,682  | 129,354  | 124,290  | 5,064  | 12.5  | 12.1  | 0.5  | -5.7  | 1.86  | 2,605,248  | 2,876  | 106,042
1992  | 10,317,807  | 121,705  | 120,337  | 1,368  | 11.8  | 11.7  | 0.1  | 0.8  | 1.71  | 2,629,303  | 11,781  | 94,180
1993  | 10,330,607  | 121,025  | 118,185  | 2,840  | 11.7  | 11.4  | 0.3  | 1.2  | 1.67  | 2,647,784  | 5,476  | 70,634
1994  | 10,336,162  | 106,579  | 117,373  | -10,794  | 10.3  | 11.4  | -1.0  | 1.6  | 1.44  | 2,659,357  | 9,942  | 54,836
1995  | 10,330,759  | 96,097  | 117,913  | -21,816  | 9.3  | 11.4  | -2.1  | 1.6  | 1.28  | 2,666,201  | 9,999  | 49,531
1996  | 10,315,353  | 90,446  | 112,782  | -22,336  | 8.8  | 10.9  | -2.2  | 0.7  | 1.19  | 2,658,882  | 10,129  | 48,086
1997  | 10,303,642  | 90,657  | 112,744  | -22,087  | 8.8  | 10.9  | -2.1  | 1.0  | 1.17  | 2,642,181  | 12,075  | 45,022
1998  | 10,294,943  | 90,535  | 109,527  | -18,992  | 8.8  | 10.6  | -1.8  | 1.0  | 1.16  | 2,625,594  | 9,488  | 42,959
1999  | 10,282,784  | 89,471  | 109,768  | -20,297  | 8.7  | 10.7  | -2.0  | 0.8  | 1.13  | 2,609,889  | 8,774  | 39,382
2000  | 10,272,503  | 90,910  | 109,001  | -18,091  | 8.8  | 10.6  | -1.8  | 0.8  | 1.14  | 2,595,195  | 6,539  | 34,623
2001  | 10,224,192  | 90,715  | 107,755  | -17,040  | 8.9  | 10.5  | -1.7  | -4.5  | 1.14  | 2,568,283  | -8,551  | 32,528
2002  | 10,200,774  | 92,786  | 108,243  | -15,457  | 9.1  | 10.6  | -1.5  | -0.8  | 1.17  | 2,548,024  | 12,290  | 31,142
2003  | 10,201,651  | 93,685  | 111,288  | -17,603  | 9.2  | 10.9  | -1.7  | 1.8  | 1.18  | 2,534,915  | 25,789  | 29,298
2004  | 10,206,923  | 97,664  | 107,177  | -9,513  | 9.6  | 10.5  | -0.9  | 1.4  | 1.23  | 2,525,684  | 18,635  | 27,574
2005  | 10,234,092  | 102,211  | 107,938  | -5,727  | 10.0  | 10.5  | -0.6  | 3.2  | 1.28  | 2,519,440  | 36,229  | 26,453
2006  | 10,266,646  | 105,831  | 104,441  | 1,390  | 10.3  | 10.2  | 0.1  | 3.2  | 1.33  | 2,516,411  | 34,720  | 25,352
2007  | 10,322,689  | 114,632  | 104,636  | 9,996  | 11.1  | 10.1  | 1.0  | 4.5  | 1.44  | 2,519,711  | 83,945  | 25,414
2008  | 10,429,692  | 119,570  | 104,948  | 14,622  | 11.5  | 10.1  | 1.4  | 8.9  | 1.50  | 2,535,688  | 71,790  | 25,760
2009  | 10,491,492  | 118,348  | 107,421  | 10,927  | 11.3  | 10.2  | 1.0  | 4.9  | 1.49  | 2,541,780  | 28,344  | 24,636
2010  | 10,517,247  | 117,153  | 106,844  | 10,309  | 11.2  | 10.2  | 1.0  | 1.5  | 1.49  | 2,537,262  | 15,648  | 23,998
2011  | 10,496,672  | 108,673  | 106,848  | 1,825  | 10.4  | 10.2  | 0.2  | -2.1  | 1.43  | 2,501,062  | 16,889  | 24,055
2012  | 10,509,286  | 108,576  | 108,189  | 387  | 10.3  | 10.3  | 0.0  | 1.2  | 1.45  | 2,484,727  | 10,293  | 23,032
2013  | 10,510,719  | 106,751  | 109,160  | -2,409  | 10.2  | 10.4  | -0.2  | 0.4  | 1.46  | 2,461,864  | -1,297  | 22,714
2014  | 10,524,783  | 109,860  | 105,665  | 4,195  | 10.4  | 10.0  | 0.4  | 0.9  | 1.53  | 2,437,301  | 21,661  | 21,893
2015  | 10,542,942  | 110,764  | 111,173  | -409  | 10.5  | 10.5  | -0.0  | 1.8  | 1.57  | 2,414,152  | 15,977  | 20,403
2016  | 10,565,284  | 112,663  | 107,750  | 4,913  | 10.7  | 10.2  | 0.5  | 1.7  | 1.63  | 2,395,539  | 20,063  | 20,406
2017  | 10,589,526  | 114,405  | 111,443  | 2,962  | 10.8  | 10.5  | 0.3  | 2.0  | 1.69  | 2,379,747  | 28,273  | 19,415
2018  | 10,626,430  | 114,036  | 112,920  | 1,116  | 10.7  | 10.6  | 0.1  | 3.4  | 1.71  | 2,369,520  | 38,629  | 18,298
2019  | 10,669,324  | 112,231  | 112,362  | -131  | 10.5  | 10.5  | -0.0  | 4.0  | 1.71  | 2,361,163  | 44,270  | 17,751
2020  | 10,700,155  | 110,200  | 129,289  | -19,089  | 10.3  | 12.1  | -1.8  | 4.7  | 1.71  | 2,352,621  | 26,927  | 16,886
2021  | 10,500,850  | 111,793  | 139,891  | -28,098  | 10.6  | 13.3  | -2.6  | -16.0  | 1.83  | 2,269,150  | 49,969  | 15,492
2022  | 10,759,525  | 101,299  | 120,219  | -18,920  | 9.5  | 11.4  | -1.8  | 26.4  | 1.64  | 2,345,977  | 329,742  | 16,438
2023  | 10,878,042  | 91,149  | 112,795  | -21,646  | 8.4  | 10.4  | -2.0  | 13.0  | 1.45  | 2,379,983  | 94,672  | 15,088
2024  | 10,886,531  | 84,311  | 112,211  | -27,900  | 7.7  | 10.3  | -2.6  | 3.3  | 1.37  |  | 36,845  |
2025  | 10,876,875

### Total fertility rates by region

[edit]

2023  Region  | TFR

|

Vysočina Region | 1.57
Olomouc Region | 1.54
Zlín Region | 1.54
Pardubice Region | 1.52
Hradec Králové Region | 1.51
Central Bohemian Region | 1.49
South Bohemian Region | 1.48
South Moravian Region | 1.48
Moravian-Silesian Region | 1.46
Czech Republic | 1.45
Ústí nad Labem Region | 1.43
Liberec Region | 1.42
Plzeň Region | 1.40
Karlovy Vary Region | 1.32
Prague | 1.31

### Current vital statistics

[edit]

Period  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural increase

|
|
|

January–March 2024 | 20,984  | 29,694  | -8,710
January–March 2025 | 18,095  | 30,646  | -12,551
Difference |  -2,889 (-13.77%)  |  +952 (+3.21%)  |  -3,841
Source:[16]

* Deaths January–May 2024 =  47,097
* Deaths January–May 2025 =  48,676 [17]

### Structure of the population

[edit]

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2011): [18]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 5 168 799  | 5 363 971  | 10 532 770  | 100
0–4  | 296 944  | 282 591  | 579 535  | 5.50
5–9  | 249 218  | 235 846  | 485 064  | 4.61
10–14  | 233 025  | 220 518  | 453 543  | 4.31
15–19  | 298 949  | 283 701  | 582 650  | 5.53
20–24  | 355 493  | 336 516  | 692 009  | 6.57
25–29  | 386 426  | 360 070  | 746 496  | 7.09
30–34  | 461 410  | 434 976  | 896 386  | 8.51
35–39  | 456 642  | 432 290  | 888 932  | 8.44
40–44  | 361 605  | 343 287  | 704 892  | 6.69
45–49  | 354 342  | 342 339  | 696 681  | 6.61
50–54  | 336 194  | 336 351  | 672 545  | 6.39
55–59  | 367 638  | 386 703  | 754 341  | 7.16
60–64  | 352 692  | 391 178  | 743 870  | 7.06
65–69  | 249 700  | 302 420  | 552 120  | 5.24
70–74  | 163 508  | 220 319  | 383 827  | 3.64
75–79  | 122 317  | 191 050  | 313 367  | 2.98
80–84  | 79 882  | 152 084  | 231 966  | 2.20
85–89  | 34 877  | 86 898  | 121 775  | 1.16
90–94  | 6 453  | 19 431  | 25 884  | 0.25
95–99  | 1 277  | 4 727  | 6 004  | 0.06
100+  | 207  | 676  | 883  | <0.01
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 779 187  | 738 955  | 1 518 142  | 14.41
15–64  | 3 731 391  | 3 647 411  | 7 378 802  | 70.06
65+  | 658 221  | 977 605  | 1 635 826  | 15.53

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021): [18]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 5 275 103  | 5 426 674  | 10 701 777  | 100
0–4  | 290 444  | 276 818  | 567 262  | 5.30
5–9  | 285 498  | 271 459  | 556 957  | 5.20
10–14  | 304 995  | 290 527  | 595 522  | 5.56
15–19  | 252 007  | 238 443  | 490 450  | 4.58
20–24  | 245 786  | 232 124  | 477 910  | 4.47
25–29  | 320 181  | 300 744  | 620 925  | 5.80
30–34  | 370 523  | 348 408  | 718 931  | 6.72
35–39  | 389 652  | 363 658  | 753 310  | 7.04
40–44  | 460 462  | 432 859  | 893 321  | 8.35
45–49  | 452 969  | 429 617  | 882 586  | 8.25
50–54  | 352 166  | 338 917  | 691 083  | 6.46
55–59  | 336 205  | 333 528  | 669 733  | 6.26
60–64  | 304 764  | 320 701  | 625 465  | 5.84
65-69  | 313 014  | 359 404  | 672 418  | 6.28
70-74  | 274 177  | 347 000  | 621 177  | 5.80
75-79  | 170 104  | 247 097  | 417 201  | 3.90
80-84  | 90 188  | 153 949  | 244 137  | 2.28
85-89  | 44 759  | 93 731  | 138 490  | 1.29
90-94  | 14 784  | 39 027  | 53 811  | 0.50
95-99  | 2 177  | 8 066  | 10 243  | 0.10
100-104  | 221  | 530  | 751  | 0.01
105-109  | 27  | 67  | 94  | <0.01
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 880 937  | 838 804  | 1 719 741  | 16.07
15–64  | 3 484 715  | 3 338 999  | 6 823 714  | 63.76
65+  | 909 451  | 1 248 871  | 2 158 322  | 20.17

## Education

[edit]

### Literacy

[edit]

definition: NA

total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2011 est.)

## Employment and income

[edit]

### Unemployment, youth ages 15–24

[edit]

Total: 8%. Country comparison to the world: 155th
Male: 7.2%
Female: 9.2% (2020 est.)

## Ethnic groups

[edit]

The majority of the 10.5 million inhabitants of the Czech Republic are ethnically and linguistically Czech (95%). They are descendants of Slavic people from the Black Sea-Carpathian region who settled in Bohemia, Moravia and parts of present-day Austria in the 6th century AD. Other ethnic groups include Germans, Romani people, Poles, and Hungarians. Historical minorities like Germans and Poles are declining due to assimilation. There is also a growing community from Vietnam. Other ethnic communities like Greeks, Turks, Italians, and Yugoslavs are found in Prague. Since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Slovaks living in the Czech Republic have comprised roughly 3% of the population.

There are different groups of national and ethnic minorities in the Czech Republic. The only "old minority" is Poles in the Trans-Olza region, while the "new minorities" are scattered among the majority population (generally in the larger towns). While some of the minorities have the whole social structure of Czech society[clarification needed] (Poles, Slovaks, Greeks and Ukrainians), other represent only some of the social groups (i.e. Russian newcomers of middle class, and Romani people who generally represent the underclass).[19]

### 1880–1910

[edit]

Population of Bohemia, Moravia and Austrian Silesia by language[20] Language | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910

|
|
|
|

Czech | 62.5% | 62.4% | 62.4% | 62.9%
German | 35.8% | 35.6% | 35.1% | 34.6%
Polish | 1.0% | 1.2% | 1.6% | 1.6%
Other | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.9%
Total population | 8,222,013 | 8,665,421 | 9,372,140 | 10,078,637

### After World War I

[edit]

Population of the Czech Republic according to ethnic group 1921–2021  Ethnic
group  | census 1921 1 | census 1930  | census 1950  | census 1961  | census 1970  | census 1980  | census 1991  | census 2001  | census 2011[21] | census 2021

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %
Czechs | 6,758,983  | 67.5  | 7,304,588  | 68.3  | 8,343,558  | 93.9  | 9,023,501  | 94.2  | 9,270,617  | 94.4  | 9,733,925  | 94.6  | 8,363,768  | 81.2  | 9,249,777  | 90.5  | 6,732,104  | 63.7  | 6,415,104  | 61.0
Moravians | 1,362,313  | 13.2  | 380,474  | 3.7  | 522,474  | 4.9  | 556,641  | 5.3
Silesians | 44,446  | 0.4  | 10,878  | 0.1  | 12,231  | 0.1  | 31,301  | 0.3
Slovaks | 15,732  | 0.2  | 44,451  | 0.4  | 258,025  | 2.9  | 275,997  | 2.9  | 320,998  | 3.3  | 359,370  | 3.5  | 314,877  | 3.1  | 193,190  | 1.9  | 149,140  | 1.4  | 162,578  | 1.5
Poles | 103,521  | 1.0  | 92,689  | 0.9  | 70,816  | 0.8  | 66,540  | 0.7  | 64,074  | 0.7  | 66,123  | 0.6  | 59,383  | 0.6  | 51,968  | 0.5  | 39,269  | 0.4  | 38,218  | 0.4
Germans | 3,061,369  | 30.6  | 3,149,820  | 29.5  | 159,938  | 1.8  | 134,143  | 1.4  | 80,903  | 0.8  | 58,211  | 0.6  | 48,556  | 0.5  | 39,106  | 0.4  | 18,772  | 0.3  | 24,632  | 0.2
Ukrainians | 13,343  | 0.1  | 22,657  | 0.2  | 19,384  | 0.2  | 19,549  | 0.2  | 9,794  | 0.1  | 10,271  | 0.1  | 8,220  | 0.1  | 22,112  | 0.2  | 53,603  | 0.5  | 92,892  | 0.9
Rusyns | 1,926  | 0.0  | 1,106  | 0.0  | 739  | 0.0  | 1,904  | 0.0
Russians | 6,619  | 0.1  | 5,051  | 0.0  | 5,062  | 0.0  | 12,369  | 0.1  | 18,021  | 0.2  | 34,506  | 0.3
Vietnamese |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 421  | 0.0  | 17,462  | 0.2  | 29,825  | 0.3  | 38,723  | 0.4
Hungarians | 7,049  | 0.1  | 11,427  | 0.1  | 13,201  | 0.1  | 15,152  | 0.2  | 18,472  | 0.2  | 19,676  | 0.2  | 19,932  | 0.2  | 14,672  | 0.1  | 9,049  | 0.1  | 11,253  | 0.1
Romani people[22] |  |  | 227  | 0.0  | 19,770  | 0.2  | 19,392  | 0.2  |  |  |  |  | 32,903  | 0.3  | 11,746  | 0.1  | 5,199  | 0.0  | 21,691  | 0.2
Jews | 35,699  | 0.4  | 37,093  | 0.4  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 218  | 0.0  |  |  | 521  | 0.0  | 2,349  | 0,0
Yugoslavs |  |  | 4,749  | 0.0  |  |  | 3,957  | 0.0  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,386  | 0.0  |  |  |  |
Romanians |  |  | 966  | 0.0  |  |  | 3,205  | 0.0  |  |  |  |  | 1,034  | 0.0  | 1,238  | 0.0  | 1,921  | 0.0  | 5,969  | 0,0
Others/undeclared  | 10,038  | 0.1  | 5,719  | 0.1  | 11,441  | 0.1  | 10,095  | 0.1  | 36,220  | 0.4  | 39,300  | 0.4  | 39,129  | 0.4  | 220,660  | 2.6  | 2,739,4881 | 26.0  |  |
Total  | 10,005,734  | 10,674,386  | 8,896,133  | 9,571,531  | 9,807,697  | 10,291,927  | 10,302,215  | 10,230,060  | 10,436,560  | 10,524,167
1 On the territory of the census date.

1 In 2011 a large part of the population did not claim any ethnicity, before the census it was widely mediatized that the question is not mandatory. The vast majority of those who did so are presumed to be ethnic Czechs, number of whom dropped by roughly the same amount that the number of undeclared people rose, circa 2.5 million.

* Czechs in 1991

* Czechs in 2001

* Czechs in 2011

The legal position of the minorities is defined foremost in the Act No. 273/2001 Coll. (The Rights of the Minorities Act) which implements the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and Recommendation of the Council of Europe No. 1201. There is a number of other enactments which to lesser extent deal with the minorities.

A special situation applies in the case of Moravians and Silesians, who are frequently allocated within the group of Czechs when it comes to the statistical data.

### Officially recognized minorities

[edit]

Main articles: Bulgarians in Czechoslovakia, Croats in the Czech Republic, Germans in the Czech Republic, Greeks in the Czech Republic, Polish minority in the Czech Republic, Roma in the Czech Republic, Slovaks in the Czech Republic, Ukrainians in the Czech Republic, and Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic

Minorities, which "traditionally and on a long term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic" enjoy some privileges. As of 2022 there are 14 such officially recognized minorities, which are (alphabetically): Belarusians, Bulgarians, Croatians, Germans, Greeks, Hungarians, Poles, Romani people, Russians, Rusyns, Serbians, Slovaks, Ukrainians and Vietnamese.[23]

Citizens belonging to the officially recognized minorities enjoy the right to "use their language in communication with authorities and in courts of law". Article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms provides the right of the national and ethnic minorities to education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) provides that a citizen of the Czech Republic who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on a long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, has the right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In the case that the administrative agency does not have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in the courts of law) the same also applies to members of national minorities in the courts of law.

Bulgarians

Main article: Bulgarians in Czechoslovakia

The economic migration of Bulgarians to the Czech Republic began in the 1990s. 4,363 citizens claimed to have Bulgarian nationality in the 2001 census. They mostly live in the large cities and towns, such as Prague, Brno, Ostrava, Karlovy Vary, Kladno, Ústí nad Labem, Děčín, and Havířov. Nowadays the newcomers from Bulgaria aim for these areas in particular, where they can join an already established community. Many of these economic immigrants have dual citizenship of both the Czech Republic and Bulgaria. However most of the recent immigrants still only have Bulgarian citizenship.

The Bulgarian Cultural Organisation publishes the magazine Roden Glas, while a folklore organisation Kytka promotes traditional Bulgarian dances. Among other organisations are Pirin, Zaedno, Vazraždane and Hyshove.[24]

As an officially recognized minority the Bulgarian citizens of the Czech Republic enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in the courts of law. They also enjoy a number of other rights connected to the status of recognized minority, e.g. the right to education in their own language: the first Bulgarian school in the current Czech Republic was established in 1946 in Prague.

Germans

Main article: Germans in the Czech Republic

Czech districts with 50% or more ethnic German population[25] in 1935

The German minority of the Czech Republic, historically the largest minority of the country, was almost entirely removed when 3 million were forcibly expelled in 1945–46 on the basis of the Potsdam Agreement. The constitution guarantees rights for minority languages, however there are 13 municipalities with German minority constituting 10% of population, which qualifies for such provisions.[26] There is no bilingual education system in Western and Northern Bohemia, where the German minority is mostly concentrated. However, this is in large part due to the absence of German-speaking youth, a heritage of the post-war policy of the Communist government.

According to the 2001 census there remain 13 municipalities and settlements in the Czech Republic with more than 10% Germans.[26]

Many[citation needed] representatives of expellees' organizations support the erection of bilingual signs in all formerly German-speaking territory as a visible sign of the bilingual linguistic and cultural heritage of the region, but their efforts are not supported by some of the current inhabitants, as the vast majority of the current population is not of German descent.

The German-Czech Declaration of 21 January 1997 covered the two most critical issues—the role of some Sudeten Germans in the breakup of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and their expulsion after World War II.[27]

Greeks

Main article: Greeks in the Czech Republic

Another influential minority are Greeks. Large numbers of Greeks arrived in Czechoslovakia during the end of the Greek Civil War. The first transports of Greek children arrived in 1948 and 1949. Later, more transports, also including adults, arrived.[28] They were partly leftists, communists and guerillas with their relatives, hence the willingness of Czechoslovak government to allow the immigration.[29] This was viewed rather as a temporary solution. After the defeat of DSE and other left-wing guerillas, the Greeks stayed in Czechoslovakia. In total more than 12,000 Greeks immigrated to Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1950.[29] Today, there are about 7000 Greeks in the country (3219 according to 2001 census data),[29] mostly in the 3 biggest towns – Prague, Brno, Ostrava – and also in Bohumín, Havířov, Jeseník, Karviná, Krnov, Šumperk, Třinec, Vrbno pod Pradědem and Žamberk (apart from the last one these towns are in Silesia).[30]

Poles

Main article: Polish minority in the Czech Republic

The most concentrated linguistic minority in the Czech Republic are ethnic Poles, historically the plurality, today constituting about 10% of the population of Karviná and Frýdek-Místek districts. Poles have the right to use their language in official dealings; the public media (Czech TV and Czech Radio) regularly broadcast in Polish; and there are many Polish primary and secondary schools in the area. The Polish minority has been decreasing substantially since World War II as education in Polish was difficult to obtain, while Czech authorities did not permit bilingual signs to maintain Polish awareness among the population.

The erection of bilingual signs has technically been permitted since 2001, if a minority constitutes 10% of the population of a municipality. The requirement that a petition be signed by the members of minority was cancelled, thus simplifying the whole process.[31] Still, only a couple of villages with large Polish minorities have bilingual signs (Vendryně/Wędrynia for instance).

Romanis

Main article: Romani people in the Czech Republic

Another minority is the Roma, who nonetheless have very little influence on Czech policy. Around 90% of the Roma that lived in the Czech Republic prior to World War II were exterminated by the Nazi Porajmos. The Roma there now are 80% post-war immigrants from Slovakia or Hungary, or the descendants thereof. In total, the Roma in the CR now number around 200,000.[32] There is Romani press in the CR, written in both Czech and Romani, but Romani radio is broadcast in Czech and there is no Romani television. Romani is also absent from legislative, judiciary, and other political texts but it has recently entered some university and elementary school courses. Life expectancy, literacy, median wage, school enrolment, and other socio-economic markers remain low while Roma compose the majority of prison and habitual offender populations despite accounting for only a fraction of a percent of Czech population.[33]

## Immigration

[edit]

Foreign population in the Czech Republic in 2018

According to the Czech Statistical Office as of 31 December 2020 there were 632,570 legal foreign residents in the Czech Republic (5.1% of the total population).[34] Residents from Ukraine are the largest group (165,356), followed by residents of Slovakia (124,544). There are also Asian immigrant communities in the Czech Republic. The largest is the Vietnamese one (62,842) followed by the Mongolians (10,135) and the Chinese (7,940). During the communist era the governments of Czechoslovakia and Vietnam had a deal concerning the education of Vietnamese people in Czechoslovakia. Vietnamese people came to Czechoslovakia for the first time in 1956 and then the number of new migrants grew until the fall of communism. First generation Vietnamese work mostly as small-scale businessmen in markets. Still, many Vietnamese are without Czech citizenship. One of the towns with the largest Vietnamese communities is Cheb. Other large immigrant groups come from Russia (41,692), Poland (20,733), Germany (20,861), Bulgaria (17,917) and Romania (18,396).

### Czech Republic Net migration data

[edit]

Year | Net Migration

|

2002 | 12,290
2003 | 25,789
2004 | 18,635
2005 | 36,229
2006 | 34,720
2007 | 83,945
2008 | 86,412
2009 | 28,344
2010 | 15,648
2011 | 16,889
2012 | 10,293
2013 | -1,297
2014 | 21,661
2015 | 15,977
2016 | 20,064
2017 | 28,273
Migration statistics for the Czech Republic (2017–2024)  Year | Immigrants | Emigrants | Net migration

|
|
|

2017 | 45,957 | 17,684 | 28,273
2018 | 58,148 | 19,519 | 38,629
2019 | 65,571 | 21,301 | 44,270
2020 | 55,661 | 28,734 | 26,927
2021 | 69,201 | 19,232 | 49,969
2022 | 349,548 | 19,806 | 329,742
2023 | 141,263 | 46,591 | 94,672
2024 | 121,823 | 84,978 | 36,845

[35]

### Recent trends

[edit]

Countries with at least 1,000 people, immigrating each year.[36][37] Country | 2016 | 2017 | 2018

|
|
|

Ukraine | 5,778 | 10,340 | 16,747
Slovakia | 6,706 | 6,328 | 6,671
Russia  | 2,404 | 2,891 | 3,388
Vietnam | 1,752 | 2,196 | 2,264
Romania | 1,648 | 1,829 | 2,184
Bulgaria | 1,331 | 1,620 | 1,977
Mongolia | 709 | 1,165 | 1,498
Hungary | 911 | 1,238 | 1,330
Belarus | 421 | 657 | 1,145
China  | 551 | 823 | 1,123
United States  | 1,063 | 1,073 | 1,101
Serbia | 230 | 414 | 1,041
Total | 37,503 | 45,957 | 58,148

### Foreign-born population

[edit]

Largest groups of foreign residents  Nationality  | Population
(31 December 2024)[38]

|

Ukraine | 589,456
Slovakia | 121,472
Vietnam | 69,015
Russia | 38,970
Romania | 21,049
Bulgaria | 17,733
Poland | 17,733
Mongolia | 14,072
Germany | 11,768
Hungary | 11,650
United States | 10,475
India | 10,431
Philippines | 10,418
Kazakhstan | 10,243
China | 9,927
Moldova | 8,114
United Kingdom | 7,817
Belarus | 7,494
Italy | 6,312
Serbia | 6,010
Turkey | 5,857
France | 4,114
Uzbekistan | 3,748
Croatia | 3,241
South Korea | 3,032
North Macedonia | 2,846

See also

* Armenians in the Czech Republic
* Chinese people in the Czech Republic
* Croats in the Czech Republic
* Germans in the Czech Republic
* Greeks in the Czech Republic
* History of the Jews in the Czech Republic
* Koreans in the Czech Republic
* Macedonians in the Czech Republic
* Mongolians in the Czech Republic
* Polish minority in the Czech Republic
* Portuguese in the Czech Republic
* Romani people in the Czech Republic
* Slovaks in the Czech Republic
* Turks in the Czech Republic
* Ukrainians in the Czech Republic
* Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic

## Languages

[edit]

The most commonly known foreign languages in the Czech Republic in 2005. According to Eurostat[39]

The Czech language (divided into three dialects in Bohemia, four dialects in Moravia, and two dialects in Czech Silesia) is the official language of the state. There is also the transitional Cieszyn Silesian dialect as well as the Polish language in Cieszyn Silesia, both spoken in Czech Silesia. Various Sudeten German dialects are currently practically extinct: present Czech Germans speak mainly Czech and/or Standard German. Czech Sign Language is the language of most of the deaf community.

For other languages spoken in the Czech Republic, see the above section on officially recognised minorities.

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in the Czech Republic

Religious structure in 1991, 2001 and 2011. Religious affiliations in the Czech Republic, census 1991–2011[40][41][42][43] | 1991  | 2001  | 2011  | 2021 p

|
|
|
|

number | % | number | % | number | %  | number  | %
Roman Catholic Church | 4,021,385 | 39.0 | 2,740,780 | 26.8 | 1,082,463 | 10.4  | 741,019  | 7.0
Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren | 203,996 | 2.0 | 117,212 | 1.1 | 51,858 | 0.5  | 32,577  | 0.3
Czechoslovak Hussite Church | 178,036 | 1.7 | 99,103 | 1.0 | 39,229 | 0.4  | 23,610  | 0.2
Believers identified with another specific religion | 120,317 | 1.7 | 330,993 | 3.2 | 290,034 | 2.8  | 577,079  | 5.5
Believers not identified with any specific religion |  |  |  |  | 705,368 | 6.8  | 960,201  | 9.1
No religion | 4,112,864 | 39.9 | 6,039,991 | 59.0 | 3,612,804 | 34.2  | 5,024,416  | 47.7
No response, unknown | 1,665,617 | 16.2 | 901,981 | 8.8 | 4,774,323 | 45.2  | 3,167,774  | 30.1
Total population | 10,302,215 | 10,230,060 | 10,436,560  | 10,524,167

The 2021 census did not contain list of religious organisations and they had to be written by the respondent (unlike in the previous ones). Therefore another 231 thousand people responded with catholicism or similar response, 71 thousand people identified simply with Christianity and 27 thousand people claimed to be protestants or evangelicals. Moreover, after doubling their followers the Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia was the 2nd strongest church in 2021 census with 40,681 faithful.

Almost half (45.2%) of the Czech population prefer not to respond to religious questions in the Census. Others claim to have no religion or that they are without religious affiliation (34.2%). In comparison, one in every five claims to have some personal belief (20.6%).

The largest denominations are Roman Catholicism, estimated at 10.3% of the population, Protestant (0.5%), Hussites (0.4%). Other organized religions, including non-organized believers, totalled about (9.4%) (as of Census 2011).

According to the Eurobarometer Poll 2005,[44] 19% of Czech citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", whereas 50% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 30% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force"; the percentage of believers is thus the lowest of EU countries after Estonia with 16%.[45]

## See also

[edit]

* Husák's Children - A generation of people born in Czechoslovakia during the baby boom which started in the early 1970s

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ In 2011 a large part of the population did not claim any ethnicity, before the census it was widely mediatized that the question is not mandatory. The vast majority of those who did so are presumed to be ethnic Czechs, number of whom dropped by roughly the same amount that the number of undeclared people rose, circa 2.5 million. If the percentage of those who did not answer the question is added to the total percentage Czech amount, the total percentage of Czech's is estimated to be 89.7% of the population.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Population of Municipalities - as at 1 January 2024". Population of Municipalities - as at 1 January 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "EUROPE :: CZECHIA". CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
3. ^ "Zaostřeno na ženy a muže – 2019". CZSO.cz. Czech Statistical Office.
4. ^ Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
5. ^ "Czech Demographic Handbook – 2022: Tables 1-3, 1-12". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
6. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
7. ^ "Total fertility rate by NUTS 3 region". Eurostat.
8. ^ "Průměrný věk rodičů" [Average age of parents in the Czech Republic]. www.kurzy.cz (in Czech).
9. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2025". Czech Statistical Office. 16 May 2025.
10. ^ "Czech Demographic Handbook – 2022: Tables 1-4, 1-5". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
11. ^ "Data and time series". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
12. ^ Max Roser (2014), "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", Our World in Data, Gapminder Foundation
13. ^ "Demografická příručka - 2023". Produkty (in Czech). Retrieved 7 March 2025.
14. ^ "Czech Statistical Office – Population". Czech Statistical Office.
15. ^ "Czech Statistical Office – Population". Czech Statistical Office.
16. ^ "Preliminary data - population and population change". Population change - News Releases.
17. ^ "Number of deaths - weekly and monthly time series". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
18. ^ a b "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
19. ^ "Postavení národnostních menšin" (in Czech). Retrieved 1 December 2010.
20. ^ [1] Archived 25 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
21. ^ "Tab. 614a Obyvatelstvo podle věku, národnosti a pohlaví" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
22. ^ In census people can leave the "nationality" field empty and they can also write down any nationality or ethnicity they want. Most Romani people fill in the Czech nationality. Thus, the real number of Romani people in the country is estimated to be around 220,000. Petr Lhotka: Romové v České republice po roce 1989 Archived 20 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
23. ^ "Government Council for National Minorities". Government of the Czech Republic. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
24. ^ "Bulharská národnostní menšina" (in Czech). Vlada.cz. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
25. ^ Statistický lexikon obcí v Republice československé I. Země česká. Prague. 1934.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Statistický lexikon obcí v Republice československé II. Země moravskoslezská. Prague. 1935.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
26. ^ a b Peter Josika: Mehrsprachig: Ein Faktor der Versöhnung at Prager Zeitung, 21 August 2007.
27. ^ Wolff, Stefan (2000). German minorities in Europe: ethnic identity and cultural belonging. Berghahn Books. p. 200\. ISBN 978-1-57181-504-0.
28. ^ "Greeks in Czech Country". Dialogos-kpr.cz. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
29. ^ a b c [2] Archived 11 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
30. ^ Vangelis Liolios. "Podkladové materiály pro Radu vlády pro národnostní menšiny o situaci řecké menšiny v České republice" (PDF) (in Czech). Dialogs-kpr.cz. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
31. ^ "Aktualności". www.polonica.cz. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
32. ^ "European Commission – Languages eac". Ec.europa.eu. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
33. ^ Říčan, Pavel (1998). S Romy žít budeme – jde o to jak: dějiny, současná situace, kořeny problémů, naděje společné budoucnosti (in Czech). Prague: Portál. ISBN 978-80-7178-250-6.
34. ^ "R01Foreigners in the CR in the years 2004–2020 (as at 31 December)" (in Czech).
35. ^ "Migration". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 6 June 2025.
36. ^ "Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic – 2018" CZSO
37. ^ "Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic – 2019" CZSO
38. ^ "Data on number of foreigners: R04 Foreigners in the Czech Republic by citizenship in the years 1994–2022 (as at 31 December)". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
39. ^ "Europeans and their Languages" (PDF). Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
40. ^ "Population by denomination and sex: as measured by 1921, 1930, 1950, 1991 and 2001 censuses" (PDF) (in Czech and English). Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
41. ^ "Scitani lidu, domu a bytu 2001". Czso.cz. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
42. ^ "Tab 7.1 Population by religious belief and by municipality size groups" (PDF) (in Czech). Czso.cz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
43. ^ "Tab 7.2 Population by religious belief and by regions" (PDF) (in Czech). Czso.cz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
44. ^ "Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 – page 11" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
45. ^ "Social values, Science and Technology" (PDF). Eurobarometer. June 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2006. Retrieved 19 December 2006.

## External links

[edit]

* Czech Statistical Office, state institution responsible to provide official data about Czech Republic
* Czechia – EU member country profile - European Union
* "Úvod - národnostní menšiny". vlada.gov.cz (in Czech).

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