Demographics of the Republic of Ireland

Demographics of Ireland

Population pyramid of Ireland in 2023

Population| 5,348,000 (2023)
Density| 73 per km2
Growth rate| 8.1%
Birth rate| 10.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate| 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Life expectancy| 80.19 years
• male| 78 years
• female| 82.6 years
Fertility rate| 1.70 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate| 3.85 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate| 0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Age structure
0–14 years| 19.98%
15–64 years| 65.26%
65 and over| 14.76%
Sex ratio
Total| 0.99 male/female
At birth| 1.057 male/female
Under 15| 1.07 male/female
15–64 years| 1.00 male/female
65 and over| 0.81 male/female
Nationality
Nationality| Irish
Major ethnic| Irish 76.66%
Minor ethnic| Other European 10.8% Asian 3.3% Black 1.5% Other 1.7%
Language
Official| Irish, English
Spoken| Irish sign language, Shelta, Ulster Scots

Ireland had an estimated population of 5,380,000 as of 1 April 2024.[1]

## Demographic history

[edit]

Further information: Historical population of Ireland

The island of Ireland's population has fluctuated over history. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, Ireland experienced a major population boom as a result of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. In the 50-year period 1790–1840, the population of the island doubled from 4 million to 8 million. At its peak, Ireland's population density was similar to that of England and continental Europe.

This changed dramatically with the Great Famine of the mid-19th century, which led to mass starvation and consequent mass emigration. In the area covering the present day Republic of Ireland, the population reached about 6.5 million in the mid-1840s. Ten years later it was down to 5 million. The population continued a slow decline well into the 20th century, with the Republic recording a low of 2.8 million in the 1961 census.[2]

During the 1960s, the population started to grow once more, although slowly as emigration was still common. In the 1990s the country entered a period of rapid economic growth as a result of the Celtic Tiger Irish economic boom, and the Republic started to receive immigration. Many former Irish emigrants returned home, and Ireland became an attractive destination for immigrants, from other member states EU such as Central Europe, but also from outside the EU such as Africa, Asia and elsewhere. With the 2008 onset of the Irish economic and banking crisis, the state's economy suffered, and Ireland has once again been experiencing net emigration of its citizens, but immigration remains high.

In November 2013, Eurostat reported that the Republic had the largest net emigration rate of any member state, at 7.6 emigrants per 1,000 population. However, it has the youngest population of any European Union member state[3] and its population size is predicted to grow for many decades, in contrast with the declining population predicted for most European countries. A report published in 2008 predicted that the population would reach 6.7 million by 2060.[4] The Republic has also been experiencing a baby boom, with increasing birth rates and overall fertility rates.[5] Despite this, the total fertility rate is still below replacement depending on when the measurement is taken. The Irish fertility rate is still the highest of any European country.[6] This increase is significantly fuelled by non-Irish immigration – in 2009, one-quarter of all babies born in Ireland were born to foreign-born mothers.[7]

millionyear2.533.544.555.519001920194019601980200020202040population (million)Republic of Ireland Total Population

See or edit source data.

‰years-30-20-10010203019001920194019601980200020202040Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration change (per 1000)Republic of Ireland Population Change

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TFRyears1.522.533.544.519001920194019601980200020202040Total Fertility RateTotal Fertility Rate

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Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

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1841 | 6,528,799| —
1851 | 5,111,557| −2.42%
1861 | 4,402,111| −1.48%
1871 | 4,053,187| −0.82%
1881 | 3,870,020| −0.46%
1891 | 3,468,694| −1.09%
1901 | 3,221,823| −0.74%
1911 | 3,139,688| −0.26%
1926 | 2,971,992| −0.37%
1936 | 2,968,420| −0.01%
1946 | 2,955,107| −0.04%
1951 | 2,960,593| +0.04%
1961 | 2,818,341| −0.49%
1971 | 2,978,248| +0.55%
1981 | 3,443,405| +1.46%
1991 | 3,525,719| +0.24%
2002 | 3,917,203| +0.96%
2011 | 4,588,252| +1.77%
2022 | 5,149,139| +1.05%
Source: CSO[8] 2019[9]

## Population

[edit]

The population of Ireland was 5,123,536 people in 2022. Demographic statistics as of 2019.

* One birth every 8 minutes
* One death every 16 minutes
* One net migrant every 90 minutes
* Net gain of one person every 14 minutes

Geographic Population Distribution

Urban population (areas with >1,500 people): 62.0% (2011)

Rural population: 38.0% (2011)

A graph of the populations of the island of Ireland and Europe[clarification needed] from 1750 to the present[citation needed] showing Ireland's "massive" population spike in the early 19th century and subsequent collapse due to the 1845–49 famine and subsequent emigration.

### Fertility

[edit]

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman.[10]

Year | 1850 | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860[10]

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Total fertility rate of Ireland | 4.20 | 4.13 | 4.06 | 3.99 | 3.93 | 3.86 | 3.79 | 3.72 | 3.65 | 3.58 | 3.51
Year | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870[10]

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Total fertility rate of Ireland | 3.45 | 3.38 | 3.31 | 3.24 | 3.47 | 3.54 | 3.53 | 3.58 | 3.58 | 3.71
Year | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880[10]

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Total fertility rate of Ireland | 3.67 | 3.72 | 3.63 | 3.57 | 3.51 | 3.57 | 3.54 | 3.40 | 3.44 | 3.31
Year | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890[10]

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Total fertility rate of Ireland | 3.33 | 3.22 | 3.15 | 3.20 | 3.15 | 3.11 | 3.10 | 3.06 | 3.04 | 2.99
Year | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899[10]

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Total fertility rate of Ireland | 3.05 | 3.01 | 3.09 | 3.08 | 3.12 | 3.17 | 3.16 | 3.13 | 3.09

Birth rate; 13.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 137th

Total fertility rate; 1.96 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 125th

Mother's mean age at first birth; 30.7 years (2015 est.)

### Life expectancy

[edit]

Life expectancy in Ireland since 1901 Life expectancy in Ireland since 1960 by gender

Death rate; 6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 140th

Period  | Life expectancy in
Years  | Period  | Life expectancy in
Years

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|
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1950–1955  | 66.9  | 1985–1990  | 74.2
1955–1960  | 69.2  | 1990–1995  | 75.3
1960–1965  | 70.1  | 1995–2000  | 76.0
1965–1970  | 70.8  | 2000–2005  | 77.8
1970–1975  | 71.2  | 2005–2010  | 79.7
1975–1980  | 72.0  | 2010–2015  | 80.9
1980–1985  | 73.2  |  |

Source: UN World Population Prospects

### Age structure

[edit]

Age structure[11]

0–14 years: 21.37% (male 554,110 /female 529,067)
15–24 years: 11.92% (male 306,052 /female 297,890)
25–54 years: 42.86% (male 1,091,495 /female 1,080,594)
55–64 years: 10.53% (male 267,255 /female 266,438)
65 years and over: 13.32% (male 312,694 /female 362,455) (2018 est.)

Median age; total: 37.1 years

male: 36.8 years
female: 37.5 years (2018 est.)

## Vital statistics

[edit]

Vital statistics for Ireland since 1900[12] | Population on 1 April  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural change  | Crude birth rate (per 1000)  | Crude death rate (per 1000)  | Natural change (per 1000)  | Crude migration (per 1000)  | Total fertility rate[fn 1][10]

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1900  | 3,231,000  | 70,435  |  |  | 21.8  |  |  |  | 3.04
1901  | 3,234,000  | 70,194  | 55,165  | 15,029  | 21.7  | 17.1  | 4.6  |  | 2.92
1902  | 3,205,000  | 71,156  | 54,505  | 16,651  | 22.2  | 17.0  | 5.2  |  | 3.08
1903  | 3,191,000  | 70,541  | 54,262  | 16,279  | 22.1  | 17.0  | 5.1  |  | 3.09
1904  | 3,169,000  | 72,261  | 55,997  | 16,264  | 22.8  | 17.7  | 5.1  |  | 3.16
1905  | 3,160,000  | 71,427  | 52,122  | 19,305  | 22.6  | 16.5  | 6.1  |  | 3.13
1906  | 3,164,000  | 72,147  | 51,388  | 20,759  | 22.8  | 16.2  | 6.6  |  | 3.15
1907  | 3,145,000  | 70,773  | 53,580  | 17,193  | 22.5  | 17.0  | 5.5  |  | 3.11
1908  | 3,147,000  | 71,439  | 53,758  | 17,681  | 22.7  | 17.1  | 5.6  |  | 3.12
1909  | 3,135,000  | 72,119  | 52,698  | 19,421  | 23.0  | 16.8  | 6.2  |  | 3.14
1910  | 3,132,000  | 71,744  | 52,318  | 19,426  | 22.9  | 16.7  | 6.2  |  | 3.12
1911  | 3,129,000  | 71,351  | 51,149  | 20,202  | 22.8  | 16.3  | 6.5  |  | 3.07
1912  | 3,116,000  | 70,734  | 50,489  | 20,245  | 22.7  | 16.2  | 6.5  | -9.7  | 3.10
1913  | 3,106,000  | 70,214  | 52,184  | 18,030  | 22.6  | 16.8  | 5.8  | -8.4  | 3.09
1914  | 3,098,000  | 69,102  | 49,674  | 19,428  | 22.3  | 16.0  | 6.3  | -16.0  | 3.05
1915  | 3,068,000  | 67,501  | 53,713  | 13,788  | 22.0  | 17.5  | 4.5  | -3.5  | 2.99
1916  | 3,071,000  | 64,814  | 50,627  | 14,187  | 21.1  | 16.5  | 4.6  | -4.6  | 2.87
1917  | 3,071,000  | 61,429  | 51,713  | 9,716  | 20.0  | 16.8  | 3.2  | -3.9  | 2.71
1918  | 3,069,000  | 61,092  | 53,682  | 7,410  | 19.9  | 17.5  | 2.4  | -5.3  | 2.73
1919  | 3,060,000  | 61,829  | 55,776  | 6,044  | 19.9  | 18.2  | 1.7  | 12.0  | 2.75
1920  | 3,102,000  | 67,015  | 45,521  | 21,494  | 21.6  | 14.7  | 6.9  | -8.8  | 3.20
1921  | 3,096,000  | 61,010  | 44,537  | 16,473  | 19.7  | 14.4  | 5.3  | -13.7  | 2.79
1922  | 3,070,000  | 58,849  | 44,547  | 14,302  | 18.5  | 14.5  | 4.0  | -22.2  | 2.61
1923  | 3,014,000  | 62,417  | 42,217  | 19,473  | 20.5  | 14.0  | 6.5  | -9.5  | 2.74
1924  | 3,005,000  | 63,402  | 45,180  | 18,222  | 21.1  | 15.0  | 6.1  | -12.8  | 2.83
1925  | 2,985,000  | 62,069  | 43,650  | 18,419  | 20.8  | 14.6  | 6.2  | -10.9  | 2.79
1926  | 2,971,000  | 61,176  | 41,740  | 19,436  | 20.6  | 14.0  | 6.5  | -11.2  | 2.76
1927  | 2,957,000  | 60,054  | 43,677  | 16,377  | 20.3  | 14.8  | 5.5  | -9.9  | 2.72
1928  | 2,944,000  | 59,176  | 41,792  | 17,384  | 20.1  | 14.2  | 5.9  | -8.3  | 2.69
1929  | 2,937,000  | 58,280  | 42,991  | 15,289  | 19.8  | 14.6  | 5.2  | -8.6  | 2.66
1930  | 2,927,000  | 58,353  | 41,702  | 16,651  | 19.9  | 14.2  | 5.7  | -3.7  | 2.54
1931  | 2,933,000  | 57,086  | 42,947  | 14,139  | 19.5  | 14.6  | 4.8  | 0.7  | 2.49
1932  | 2,949,000  | 56,240  | 42,984  | 13,256  | 19.1  | 14.6  | 4.5  | -0.1  | 2.43
1933  | 2,962,000  | 57,364  | 40,539  | 16,825  | 19.4  | 13.7  | 5.7  | -2.7  | 2.47
1934  | 2,971,000  | 57,897  | 39,083  | 18,814  | 19.5  | 13.2  | 6.3  | -6.3  | 2.49
1935  | 2,971,000  | 58,266  | 41,543  | 16,723  | 19.6  | 14.0  | 5.6  | -6.9  | 2.50
1936  | 2,967,000  | 58,115  | 42,586  | 15,529  | 19.6  | 14.4  | 5.2  | -11.6  | 2.50
1937  | 2,948,000  | 56,488  | 45,086  | 11,402  | 19.2  | 15.3  | 3.9  | -7.6  | 2.45
1938  | 2,937,000  | 56,925  | 40,041  | 16,884  | 19.4  | 13.6  | 5.7  | -6.7  | 2.47
1939  | 2,934,000  | 56,070  | 41,717  | 14,353  | 19.1  | 14.2  | 4.9  | 3.3  | 2.43
1940  | 2,958,000  | 56,594  | 41,885  | 14,709  | 19.1  | 14.2  | 5.0  | 6.8  | 2.43
1941  | 2,993,000  | 56,780  | 43,797  | 12,983  | 19.0  | 14.6  | 4.3  | -14.3  | 2.42
1942  | 2,963,000  | 66,117  | 41,640  | 24,477  | 22.3  | 14.1  | 8.3  | -14.0  | 2.85
1943  | 2,946,000  | 64,375  | 43,494  | 20,881  | 21.9  | 14.8  | 7.1  | -7.8  | 2.80
1944  | 2,944,000  | 65,425  | 45,128  | 20,297  | 22.2  | 15.3  | 6.9  | -4.2  | 2.84
1945  | 2,952,000  | 66,861  | 42,762  | 24,099  | 22.6  | 14.5  | 8.2  | -6.5  | 2.90
1946  | 2,957,000  | 67,922  | 41,457  | 26,465  | 23.0  | 14.0  | 8.9  | -3.2  | 2.94
1947  | 2,974,000  | 68,978  | 44,061  | 24,917  | 23.2  | 14.8  | 8.4  | -4.7  | 2.98
1948  | 2,985,000  | 65,930  | 36,357  | 29,573  | 22.1  | 12.2  | 9.9  | -11.2  | 2.80
1949  | 2,981,000  | 64,153  | 38,062  | 26,091  | 21.5  | 12.8  | 8.8  | -12.8  | 2.75
1950  | 2,969,000  | 63,565  | 37,741  | 25,824  | 21.4  | 12.7  | 8.7  | -11.2  | 2.74
1951  | 2,961,000  | 62,878  | 42,382  | 20,496  | 21.2  | 14.3  | 6.9  | -9.6  | 2.69
1952  | 2,953,000  | 64,631  | 35,105  | 29,526  | 21.9  | 11.9  | 10.0  | -11.4  | 2.97
1953  | 2,949,000  | 62,558  | 34,591  | 27,967  | 21.2  | 11.7  | 9.5  | -12.2  | 2.95
1954  | 2,941,000  | 62,534  | 35,535  | 26,999  | 21.3  | 12.1  | 9.2  | -16.0  | 3.18
1955  | 2,921,000  | 61,622  | 36,761  | 24,861  | 21.1  | 12.6  | 8.5  | -16.4  | 3.28
1956  | 2,898,000  | 60,740  | 33,910  | 26,830  | 21.0  | 11.7  | 9.3  | -13.8  | 3.41
1957  | 2,885,000  | 61,242  | 34,311  | 26,931  | 21.2  | 11.9  | 9.3  | -20.4  | 3.52
1958  | 2,853,000  | 59,510  | 34,248  | 25,262  | 20.9  | 12.0  | 8.9  | -11.4  | 3.43
1959  | 2,846,000  | 60,188  | 34,243  | 25,945  | 21.1  | 12.0  | 9.1  | -14.0  | 3.63
1960  | 2,832,000  | 60,735  | 32,660  | 28,075  | 21.4  | 11.5  | 9.9  | -14.8  | 3.78
1961  | 2,818,000  | 59,825  | 34,763  | 25,062  | 21.2  | 12.3  | 8.9  | -4.6  | 3.78
1962  | 2,830,000  | 61,782  | 33,838  | 27,944  | 21.8  | 12.0  | 9.9  | -2.8  | 3.92
1963  | 2,850,000  | 63,246  | 33,795  | 29,451  | 22.2  | 11.9  | 10.3  | -5.4  | 4.01
1964  | 2,864,000  | 64,072  | 32,630  | 31,442  | 22.4  | 11.4  | 11.0  | -6.8  | 4.07
1965  | 2,876,000  | 63,525  | 33,022  | 30,503  | 22.1  | 11.5  | 10.6  | -7.8  | 4.04
1966  | 2,884,000  | 62,215  | 35,113  | 27,102  | 21.6  | 12.2  | 9.4  | -3.9  | 3.95
1967  | 2,900,000  | 61,307  | 31,400  | 29,907  | 21.1  | 10.8  | 10.3  | -5.8  | 3.84
1968  | 2,913,000  | 61,004  | 33,157  | 27,847  | 20.9  | 11.4  | 9.6  | -5.1  | 3.77
1969  | 2,926,000  | 62,912  | 33,734  | 29,178  | 21.5  | 11.5  | 10.0  | -1.8  | 3.83
1970  | 2,950,000  | 64,382  | 33,686  | 30,696  | 21.8  | 11.4  | 10.4  | -0,9  | 3.85
1971  | 2,978,000  | 67,551  | 31,890  | 35,661  | 22.7  | 10.7  | 3.4  | 12.0  | 3.97
1972  | 3,024,000  | 68,527  | 34,381  | 34,146  | 22.7  | 11.4  | 11.3  | 4.9  | 3.93
1973  | 3,073,000  | 68,713  | 34,192  | 34,521  | 22.4  | 11.1  | 11.2  | 5.4  | 3.78
1974  | 3,124,000  | 68,907  | 34,921  | 33,986  | 22.1  | 11.2  | 10.9  | 6.1  | 3.64
1975  | 3,177,000  | 67,178  | 33,173  | 34,005  | 21.1  | 10.4  | 10.7  | 5.4  | 3.43
1976  | 3,228,000  | 67,718  | 34,043  | 33,675  | 21.0  | 10.5  | 10.4  | 3.2  | 3.35
1977  | 3,272,000  | 68,892  | 33,632  | 35,260  | 21.1  | 10.3  | 10.8  | 2.0  | 3.31
1978  | 3,314,000  | 70,299  | 33,794  | 36,505  | 21.2  | 10.2  | 11.0  | 5.3  | 3.27
1979  | 3,368,000  | 72,539  | 33,771  | 38,768  | 21.5  | 10.0  | 11.5  | -1.7  | 3.26
1980  | 3,401,000  | 74,064  | 33,472  | 40,592  | 21.8  | 9.8  | 11.9  | 0.4  | 3.25
1981  | 3,443,000  | 72,158  | 32,929  | 39,229  | 21.0  | 9.6  | 11.4  | -0.7  | 3.10
1982  | 3,480,000  | 70,843  | 32,457  | 38,386  | 20.4  | 9.3  | 11.0  | -4.1  | 2.98
1983  | 3,504,000  | 67,117  | 32,076  | 35,041  | 19.2  | 9.2  | 10.0  | -2.9  | 2.76
1984  | 3,529,000  | 64,062  | 32,154  | 31,908  | 18.2  | 9.1  | 9.0  | -5.9  | 2.57
1985  | 3,540,000  | 62,388  | 33,213  | 29,175  | 17.6  | 9.4  | 8.2  | -7.9  | 2.48
1986  | 3,541,000  | 61,620  | 33,630  | 27,990  | 17.4  | 9.5  | 7.9  | -6.2  | 2.44
1987  | 3,547,000  | 58,433  | 31,413  | 27,020  | 16.5  | 8.9  | 7.6  | -12.1  | 2.31
1988  | 3,531,000  | 54,600  | 31,580  | 23,020  | 15.5  | 8.9  | 6.5  | -12.4  | 2.17
1989  | 3,510,000  | 52,018  | 32,111  | 19,907  | 14.8  | 9.1  | 5.7  | -6.8  | 2.08
1990  | 3,506,000  | 52,954  | 31,370  | 21,584  | 15.1  | 8.9  | 6.2  | -0.5  | 2.12
1991  | 3,526,000  | 52,718  | 31,305  | 21,413  | 15.0  | 8.9  | 6.1  | 2.1  | 2.09
1992  | 3,555,000  | 51,089  | 30,931  | 20,158  | 14.4  | 8.7  | 5.7  | -0.4  | 1.99
1993  | 3,574,000  | 49,304  | 32,148  | 17,156  | 13.8  | 9.0  | 4.8  | -1.4  | 1.91
1994  | 3,586,000  | 48,255  | 30,948  | 17,307  | 13.5  | 8.6  | 4.8  | -0.6  | 1.85
1995  | 3,601,000  | 48,530  | 31,494  | 17,036  | 13.5  | 8.7  | 4.7  | 2.2  | 1.86
1996  | 3,626,000  | 50,390  | 31,514  | 18,876  | 13.9  | 8.7  | 5.2  | 5.3  | 1.89
1997  | 3,664,000  | 52,311  | 31,605  | 20,706  | 14.3  | 8.6  | 5.7  | 4.9  | 1.93
1998  | 3,703,000  | 53,551  | 31,352  | 22,199  | 14.5  | 8.5  | 6.0  | 4.5  | 1.95
1999  | 3,742,000  | 53,354  | 31,683  | 21,671  | 14.3  | 8.5  | 5.8  | 7.0  | 1.90
2000  | 3,790,000  | 54,789  | 31,391  | 23,398  | 14.5  | 8.3  | 6.2  | 8.8  | 1.89
2001  | 3,847,000  | 57,854  | 30,212  | 27,642  | 15.0  | 7.9  | 7.2  | 11.0  | 1.96
2002  | 3,917,000  | 60,503  | 29,683  | 30,820  | 15.4  | 7.6  | 7.8  | 8.3  | 1.97
2003  | 3,980,000  | 61,529  | 29,074  | 32,455  | 15.5  | 7.3  | 8.2  | 8.1  | 1.99
2004  | 4,045,000  | 61,972  | 28,665  | 33,307  | 15.3  | 7.1  | 8.2  | 13.8  | 1.96
2005  | 4,134,000  | 61,372  | 28,260  | 33,112  | 14.8  | 6.8  | 8.0  | 15.9  | 1.88
2006  | 4,233,000  | 65,425  | 28,488  | 36,937  | 15.4  | 6.7  | 8.7  | 16.3  | 1.93
2007  | 4,339,000  | 71,389  | 28,117  | 43,272  | 16.3  | 6.4  | 9.9  | 9.2  | 2.04
2008  | 4,422,000  | 75,173  | 28,274  | 46,899  | 16.8  | 6.3  | 10.5  | -2.1  | 2.09
2009  | 4,459,000  | 75,554  | 28,380  | 47,174  | 16.7  | 6.3  | 10.4  | -7.9  | 2.10
2010  | 4,470,000  | 75,174  | 27,961  | 47,213  | 16.5  | 6.1  | 10.4  | 13.1  | 2.07
2011  | 4,575,000  | 74,033  | 28,456  | 45,577  | 16.2  | 6.2  | 10.0  | -5.8  | 2.03
2012  | 4,594,000  | 71,674  | 29,186  | 42,488  | 15.6  | 6.4  | 9.2  | -4.6  | 1.98
2013  | 4,615,000  | 68,954  | 29,504  | 39,450  | 15.0  | 6.4  | 8.6  | -2.1  | 1.93
2014  | 4,645,000  | 67,295  | 29,252  | 38,043  | 14.6  | 6.4  | 8.2  | 1.1  | 1.89
2015  | 4,688,000  | 65,536  | 30,127  | 35,409  | 14.0  | 6.4  | 7.6  | 3.5  | 1.86
2016  | 4,740,000  | 63,841  | 30,390  | 33,451  | 13.5  | 6.5  | 7.2  | 3.8  | 1.82
2017  | 4,792,000  | 61,824  | 30,418  | 31,406  | 12.9  | 6.3  | 6.6  | 7.0  | 1.77
2018  | 4,857,000  | 61,016  | 31,116  | 29,900  | 12.6  | 6.4  | 6.2  | 7.1  | 1.75
2019  | 4,921,500  | 59,294  | 31,184  | 28,110  | 12.0  | 6.3  | 5.7  | 5.7  | 1.72
2020  | 4,977,400  | 55,959  | 31,765  | 24,194  | 11.2  | 6.4  | 4.8  | 2.1  | 1.63
2021  | 5,011,500  | 60,575  | 34,844  | 25,731  | 11.9  | 6.9  | 5.0  | 12.6  | 1.72
2022  | 5,149,139  | 54,483  | 35,804  | 18,679  | 10.5  | 6.9  | 3.6  | 10.0  | 1.62
2023  | 5,281,600  | 54,678  | 35,459  | 19,219  | 10.4  | 6.7  | 3.6  | 14.7  | 1.53[13]
2024  | 5,380,300  | 54,062  | 35,173  | 18,889  | 10.0  | 6.5  | 3.5  |  | 1.5

### Current vital statistics

[edit]

Period  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural increase

|
|
|

January – September 2023 | 41,263  | 27,273  | +13,990
January – September 2024 | 40,645  | 26,934  | +13,711
Difference |  -618 (-1.50%)  |  -339 (-1.24%)  |  -279
Source:[14]

### Total fertility rates by region

[edit]

2022[15] Regions  | TFR

|

Mid-East | 1.75
Border | 1.74
South-East | 1.74
Midland | 1.69
Northern and Western | 1.66
Mid-West | 1.66
Southern | 1.61
West | 1.60
Ireland | 1.54
South-West | 1.51
Eastern and Midland | 1.47
Dublin | 1.32

### Structure of the population

[edit]

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 10.IV.2011): [16]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 2 272 699  | 2 315 553  | 4 588 252  | 100
0–4  | 182 076  | 174 253  | 356 329  | 7.77
5–9  | 164 037  | 156 733  | 320 770  | 6.99
10–14  | 155 076  | 147 415  | 302 491  | 6.59
15–19  | 144 262  | 138 757  | 283 019  | 6.17
20–24  | 146 636  | 150 595  | 297 231  | 6.48
25–29  | 173 714  | 187 408  | 361 122  | 7.87
30–34  | 194 774  | 199 171  | 393 945  | 8.59
35–39  | 182 237  | 182 024  | 364 261  | 7.94
40–44  | 166 330  | 164 482  | 330 812  | 7.21
45–49  | 151 516  | 153 669  | 305 185  | 6.65
50–54  | 136 737  | 137 649  | 274 386  | 5.98
55–59  | 122 121  | 122 401  | 244 522  | 5.33
60–64  | 109 869  | 108 917  | 218 786  | 4.77
65-69  | 86 298  | 87 340  | 173 638  | 3.78
70-74  | 63 476  | 67 714  | 131 190  | 2.86
75-79  | 46 631  | 55 405  | 102 036  | 2.22
80-84  | 28 423  | 41 690  | 70 113  | 1.53
85-89  | 13 591  | 26 296  | 39 887  | 0.87
90-94  | 4 155  | 10 722  | 14 877  | 0.32
95-99  | 682  | 2 581  | 3 263  | 0.07
100+  | 58  | 331  | 389  | 0.01
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 501 189  | 478 401  | 979 590  | 21.35
15–64  | 1 528 196  | 1 545 073  | 3 073 269  | 66.98
65+  | 243 314  | 292 079  | 535 393  | 11.67

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021) (Data refer to usual resident population.): [16]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 2 477 803  | 2 528 521  | 5 006 324  | 100
0–4  | 155 762  | 149 311  | 305 073  | 6.09
5–9  | 173 176  | 164 974  | 338 150  | 6.75
10–14  | 182 865  | 174 327  | 357 192  | 7.13
15–19  | 164 643  | 158 528  | 323 171  | 6.46
20–24  | 156 739  | 151 495  | 308 234  | 6.16
25–29  | 146 911  | 145 135  | 292 046  | 5.83
30–34  | 155 831  | 163 136  | 318 967  | 6.37
35–39  | 181 494  | 197 232  | 378 726  | 7.56
40–44  | 195 943  | 204 498  | 400 441  | 8.00
45–49  | 179 647  | 183 297  | 362 944  | 7.25
50–54  | 160 508  | 161 545  | 322 053  | 6.43
55–59  | 145 919  | 150 061  | 295 980  | 5.91
60–64  | 130 499  | 133 847  | 264 346  | 5.28
65-69  | 112 741  | 115 631  | 228 372  | 4.56
70-74  | 94 777  | 98 767  | 193 544  | 3.87
75-79  | 67 518  | 73 623  | 141 141  | 2.82
80-84  | 40 946  | 50 350  | 91 296  | 1.82
85-89  | 20 870  | 29 977  | 50 847  | 1.02
90-94  | 8 151  | 15 395  | 23 546  | 0.47
95-99  | 2 280  | 5 796  | 8 076  | 0.16
100+  | 583  | 1 596  | 2 179  | 0.04
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 511 803  | 488 612  | 1 000 415  | 19.98
15–64  | 1 618 134  | 1 648 774  | 3 266 908  | 65.26
65+  | 347 866  | 391 135  | 739 001  | 14.76

## Ethnic groups

[edit]

Percentage of White Irish nationally and proportionally by county in Ireland in 2016 Ethnicity of Ireland over time (excluding Non-Stated) Ethnic Group  | Year

|

2006[17] | 2011[18] | 2016[18][19] | 2022[20]
Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %
White: Total  | 3,956,609  | 94.84%  | 4,264,465  | 94.24%  | 4,331,940  | 92.37%  | 4,444,145  | 87.4%
White Irish  | 3,645,199  | 87.37%  | 3,821,995  | 84.46%  | 3,854,226  | 82.2%  | 3,893,056  | 76.5%
Irish Traveller  | 22,369  | 0.54%  | 29,495  | 0.65%  | 30,987  | 0.7%  | 32,949  | 0.65%
White Roma  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | 16,059  | 0.31%
Other White  | 289,041  | 6.93%  | 412,975  | 9.13%  | 446,727  | 9.5%  | 502,081  | 9.87%
Asian: Total  | 52,345  | 1.25%  | 84,690  | 1.87%  | 98,720  | 2.10%  | 186,321  | 3.7%
Chinese  | 16,533  | 0.40%  | 17,832  | 0.39%  | 19,447  | 0.4%  | 26,828  | 0.5%
Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | 94,434  | 1.86%
Arab  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | 20,115  | 0.4%
Other Asian  | 35,812  | 0.86%  | 66,858  | 1.48%  | 79,273  | 1.7%  | 44,944  | 0.88%
Black: Total  | 44,318  | 1.06%  | 65,078  | 1.44%  | 64,639  | 1.38%  | 76,245  | 1.5%
Black Irish and Black African  | 40,525  | 0.97%  | 58,697  | 1.30%  | 57,850  | 1.24%  | 67,547  | 1.32%
Other Black  | 3,793  | 0.09%  | 6,381  | 0.14%  | 6,789  | 0.14%  | 8,699  | 0.17%
Other including Mixed  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | 64,992  | 1.28%
Not Stated  | 118,741  | 2.85%  | 111,048  | 2.45%  | 194,622  | 3.98%  | 313,176  | 6.16%
Total:  | 4,172,013  | 100%  | 4,525,281  | 100%  | 4,689,921  | 100%  | 5,084,879  | 100%

* Population pyramids of ethnic groups within Ireland in 2022
* White Irish

* White Other

* Asian: Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi

* Asian: Chinese

* Asian: Other

* Black: Africans

* Black: Other

* Not Stated

## Immigration

[edit]

Ireland's immigration history (and of one of a multi-ethnic society) is most of that of a country of emigration, remaining exclusively homogeneous for the vast majority of 20th century history, rather than one of net migration and increased ethnic and racial diversity.

However, from the 1990s, with the rise of the 'Celtic Tiger', the nation shifted to one of a net receiver of immigration at a rapid pace,[21][22] changing from one of the most 'homogeneous countries in the EU, to a country with a rate of change almost unparalleled in speed and scale'.[2] The Celtic Tiger economic boom saw a large expansion of the labour market, which contributed to the large increase of immigration towards the country, with the additional enlargement of the European Union in 2004 and the further 2007 enlargement contributing to increased levels of immigration.

Additionally, asylum seekers rose dramatically as well: from 364 in 1994 to 11,634 in 2002, before falling off towards the end of the decade.[21]

* Net migration rate: 6.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)[23]
* Country comparison to the world: 13th

### Nationalities

[edit]

Ireland contains several immigrant communities, especially in Dublin and other cities across the country. The largest immigrant groups, with over 10,000 people, being Poles, British, Indians, Romanians, Lithuanians, Brazilians, Italians, Latvians, Spaniards, French, Croats, Americans, Chinese, Germans and Ukrainians.

Citizenship[fn 2] | 2016[20] | 2022[20]

|
|

Number  | %  | Number  | %
|  |  |  |
Total Irish  | 4,082,513  | 87%  | 4,283,490  | 84%
Irish  | 3,977,729  | 85%  | 4,112,893  | 81%
Dual Irish  | 104,784  | 2%  | 170,597  | 3%
None/Other  | 607,408  | 13%  | 801,389  | 15%
Non-Irish  | 535,475  | 11%  | 631,785  | 12%
None/not stated  | 71,933  | 2%  | 169,604  | 3%
Total  | 4,689,921  | 100%  | 5,084,879  | 100%
Persons usually resident, by nationality[fn 3] Nationality  | Population (2022)[24]

|

Poland | 93,680
United Kingdom | 83,347
India | 45,449
Romania | 43,323
Lithuania | 31,177
Brazil | 27,338
Italy | 18,319
Latvia | 18,300
Spain | 17,953
France | 13,893
Croatia | 13,649
United States | 13,412
China | 13,050
Germany | 12,390
Ukraine | 11,791
Hungary | 9,336
Pakistan | 9,309
Slovakia | 8,600
Hungary | 8,503
Nigeria | 8,368
Portugal | 8,310
South Africa | 8,250
Philippines | 7,736
Netherlands | 4,670
Czech Republic | 4,530
Bulgaria | 3,994
Canada | 3,528
Australia | 3,481
Malaysia | 3,407
Syria | 3,267
Moldova | 3,119

#### Nationality of mothers

[edit]

Of the 54,062 births in 2024, there were 39,024 babies (72.2%) born to mothers of Irish nationality compared to 45,381 (78%) in 2021. There were 7% of births to mothers of EU15 to EU27 nationality, 1.6% of mothers were of UK nationality, and 2.6% were of EU14 nationality (excluding Ireland). Mothers of nationalities other than Ireland, UK and the EU accounted for 16% of total births registered. There were 0.6% of mothers where the nationality was not stated.[25]

### Migration data for Ireland, 1987-present

[edit]

Ireland Net Migration (thousands)  Year | Immigrants | Emigrants | Net Migration

|
|
|

1987 | 17.2 | 40.2 | -23.0
1988 | 19.2 | 61.1 | -41.9
1989 | 26.7 | 70.6 | -43.9
1990 | 33.3 | 56.3 | -22.9
1991 | 33.3 | 35.3 | -2.0
1992 | 40.7 | 33.4 | 7.4
1993 | 34.7 | 35.1 | -0.4
1994 | 30.1 | 34.8 | -4.7
1995 | 31.2 | 33.1 | -1.9
1996 | 39.2 | 31.2 | 8.0
1997 | 44.5 | 25.3 | 19.2
1998 | 46.0 | 28.6 | 17.4
1999 | 48.9 | 31.5 | 17.3
2000 | 52.6 | 26.6 | 26.0
2001 | 59.0 | 26.2 | 32.8
2002 | 66.9 | 25.6 | 41.3
2003 | 60.0 | 29.3 | 30.7
2004 | 58.5 | 26.5 | 32.0
2005 | 84.6 | 29.4 | 55.1
2006 | 107.8 | 36.0 | 71.8
2007 | 151.1 | 46.3 | 104.8
2008 | 113.5 | 49.2 | 64.3
2009 | 73.7 | 72.0 | 1.6
2010 | 41.8 | 69.2 | -27.5
2011 | 53.3 | 80.6 | -27.4
2012 | 57.3 | 83.0 | -25.7
2013 | 62.7 | 81.3 | -18.7
2014 | 66.5 | 75.0 | -8.5
2015 | 75.9 | 70.0 | 5.9
2016 | 82.3 | 66.2 | 16.2
2017 | 95.3 | 56.1 | 39.2
2018 | 96.0 | 51.6 | 44.4
2019 | 97.1 | 53.1 | 44.0
2020 | 95.6 | 50.9 | 44.7
2021 | 74.1 | 52.3 | 21.8
2022 | 107.8 | 56.1 | 51.7
2023 | 141.6 | 64.0 | 77.7
2024 | 149.2 | 69.9 | 79.3

[26]

### Country of birth

[edit]

In 2022, 20% of the usually resident population in Ireland were born elsewhere, an increase of 3% since 2016. This represented 1,017,437 people, an increase of 207,031 from six years previously.

Persons usually resident, by country of birth[27] Country | 1986 | 1991 | 1996 | 2002 | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 | 2022

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

England and Wales | 128,668 | 126,487 | 139,330 | 182,624 | 200,488 | 212,296 | 203,188 | 210,434
Poland | − | − | − | 2,167 | 62,495 | 115,193 | 115,161 | 106,142
Northern Ireland | 36,538 | 35,986 | 39,567 | 49,928 | 49,171 | 58,470 | 57,389 | 61,750
India | − | − | − | 3,402 | 9,192 | 17,856 | 20,969 | 56,624
Romania | − | − | − | 5,838 | 8,492 | 17,995 | 28,702 | 42,460
Brazil | − | − | − | 1,232 | 4,666 | 9,298 | 15,796 | 39,556
Lithuania | − | − | − | 2,120 | 24,611 | 34,847 | 33,344 | 34,242
United States | 15,350 | 14,533 | 15,619 | 21,541 | 24,643 | 27,762 | 28,650 | 34,236
Nigeria | − | − | − | 9,225 | 16,327 | 19,780 | 16,569 | 20,559
Latvia | − | − | − | 2,281 | 13,854 | 19,989 | 18,991 | 20,330
Philippines | − | − | − | 4,086 | 9,427 | 13,833 | 14,725 | 19,846
Spain | 1,113 | 1,801 | 2,104 | 4,632 | 6,122 | 7,003 | 11,809 | 18,356
Scotland | 12,586 | 11,378 | 11,751 | 15,963 | 16,488 | 17,871 | 16,644 | 16,869
China | − | − | − | 5,669 | 11,022 | 11,458 | 11,262 | 16,425
Moldova | − | − | − | 1,032 | 2,233 | 3,421 | 6,472 | 16,155
South Africa | − | − | − | 6,260 | 7,576 | 8,116 | 8,085 | 15,886
Italy | 1,314 | 1,507 | 1,844 | 3,705 | 5,705 | 7,146 | 10,913 | 15,689
Ukraine | − | − | − | 1,485 | 3,367 | 4,123 | 4,624 | 15,678
Pakistan | − | − | − | 3,391 | 5,757 | 8,329 | 12,891 | 15,185
France | 2,460 | 4,512 | 3,593 | 6,794 | 9,145 | 10,081 | 11,924 | 14,821
Germany | 3,853 | 5,792 | 6,343 | 8,770 | 11,544 | 12,980 | 12,964 | 14,789
Croatia | − | − | − | − | − | 980 | 5,202 | 12,743
Slovakia | − | − | − | − | 8,129 | 9,537 | 9,443 | 10,695
Australia | − | − | − | 6,107 | 6,478 | 5,964 | 6,748 | 9,947
Hungary | − | − | − | 3,285 | 8,129 | 7,413 | 8,648 | 8,634
Russia | − | − | − | 2,556 | 4,511 | 5,936 | 6,414 | 7,900
Canada | − | − | − | 4,081 | 4,492 | 4,809 | 5,314 | 7,122
Portugal | 124 | 147 | 192 | 590 | 1,496 | 2,246 | 3,866 | 5,987
Netherlands | 1,888 | 1,985 | 2,490 | 3,512 | 4,211 | 4,499 | 4,729 | 5,376
Zimbabwe | − | − | − | 1,462 | 2,230 | 2,790 | 2,811 | 5,246
Czech Republic | − | − | − | − | 5,230 | 5,494 | 4,936 | 5,092
Malaysia | − | − | − | 2,195 | 3,340 | 3,782 | 4,016 | 4,864
Bulgaria | − | − | − | − | − | 1,783 | 2,911 | 4,585
Bangladesh | − | − | − | − | 1,924 | 2,920 | 3,410 | 4,388
Turkey | − | − | − | − | − | 1,301 | 1,607 | 4,086
Syria | − | − | − | − | − | 308 | 920 | 3,922
Mexico | − | − | − | − | − | 889 | 1,476 | 3,364

### Support and opposition

[edit]

Migrants are supported/represented by the Immigrant Council of Ireland, Irish Refugee Council, Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland, Nasc and the state's Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.[28][29][30] They are managed by the International Protection Accommodation Service under the Department of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth (DCEDIY) as well being policed by the Garda National Immigration Bureau.[31]

Some minor parties have voiced opposition to immigration in the country and its capability to continue to let refugees in; that "Ireland is full". They include the National Party and the Irish Freedom Party.[32][33] In May 2023, a Red C/The Business Post poll found that 75% of people thought that Ireland is taking in too many refugees.[34]

The DCEDIY projected a shortfall of 15,000 beds for refugees in December 2022 and admitted that there was mounting pressure to house 65,000 people.[35][36]

Approximately 7,400 refugee adults and children[37] were projected to be living in 38 "direct provision" centres across 17 counties in Ireland by the end of April 2020.[38] The government of Ireland have said that they project to end direct provision by 2024[39] and are looking towards alternative forms of accommodation.

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in the Republic of Ireland § Demographics

Religions in Ireland (2022)[40]

1. Catholicism (69.1%)
2. Protestantantism (4.6%)
3. Eastern Orthodoxy (2%)
4. Hinduism (0.6%)
5. Islam (1.6%)
6. No Religion or atheist (14.5%)
7. Not stated (6.7%)

Ireland is a predominantly Christian country. The majority are Catholic; however, the number of people who declare themselves Catholic has been declining in recent years. Irreligion has increased since 2016 with 14% declaring 'No Religion' in 2022, meaning this is the second largest religious affiliation in Ireland. Immigration has also brought other faiths, with Islam at 1.7%, or over 83,000 people. As well as Hinduism, with 33,043 Hindus in the state.

## Languages

[edit]

Main article: Languages of Ireland

English is the most commonly used language, with 84%[41] of the population calling it their mother tongue. Irish is the first official language of the state, with 11%[41] calling it their mother tongue. Irish is the main language of the Gaeltacht regions, where 102,973 people lived as of 2022. The main sign language used is Irish Sign Language.

Population of Ireland aged 3 or over by Irish usage
[Unclear why total of first five rows is not equal to the sixth row.] Frequency of Irish usage amongst Irish speakers  | 2002  | 2006[42] | 2011[42] | 2016[43] | 2022[44]

|
|
|
|
|

Number  | % Stated  | Number  | % Stated  | Number  | % Stated  | Number  | % Stated  | Number  | % Stated
Speaks Irish daily, outside education system  | –  | –  | 72,148  | 1.82  | 77,185  | 1.80  | 73,803  | 1.67  | 71,968  | 1.55
Speaks Irish daily  | 339,541  | 9.26  | 525,355  | 13.28  | 596,366  | 13.92  | 632,411  | 14.28  | 625,933  | 13.51
Speaks Irish  | 1,079,880  | 29.44  | 1,214,313  | 30.69  | 1,320,244  | 30.83  | 1,330,419  | 30.04  | 1,401,110  | 30.24
Never speaks Irish  | 459,657  | 12.53  | 415,479  | 10.50  | 438,782  | 10.25  | 418,420  | 9.45  | 472,887  | 10.21
Frequency unknown  | 31,357  | 0.85  | 26,998  | 0.68  | 15,411  | 0.35  | 12,581  | 0.28  | 45,385  | 0.98
Ability in Irish  | Number  | % Stated  | Number  | % Stated  | Number  | % Stated  | Number  | % Stated  | Number  | % Stated
Irish speakers  | 1,570,894  | 42.83  | 1,656,790  | 41.87  | 1,774,437  | 41.44  | 1,761,420  | 39.77  | 1,873,997  | 40.45
Non Irish-speakers  | 2,097,263  | 57.17  | 2,300,174  | 58.13  | 2,507,312  | 58.56  | 2,667,945  | 60.23  | 2,759,028  | 59.55
Total stated  | 3,668,157  | 97.79  | 3,956,964  | 97.51  | 4,281,749  | 97.97  | 4,429,365  | 96.94  | 4,633,025  | 93.11
Not stated  | 82,838  | 2.21  | 100,682  | 2.49  | 88,882  | 2.03  | 139,896  | 3.06  | 342,688  | 6.89
Total  | 3,750,995  | 4,057,646  | 4,370,631  | 4,569,261  | 4,975,713

Languages in Ireland

Language |  | Percent
English |

| 84%
Irish |

| 11%
Irish and English (bilingual) |

| 1%
others |

| 3%

## Education

[edit]

Literacy rate; definition: age 15 and over who can read and write

total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education); total: 19 years

male: 19 years
female: 19 years (2016)

## Employment and income

[edit]

For May 2025 the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was:

4.0% overall, down from a 4.1% in April 2025., and an annual basis, down from 4.4% in May 2024

3.9% for males, down from 4.0% in April 2025, and down from 4.4% in May 2024.

4.1% for females, down from 4.2% in April 2025, and down from 4.4% in May 2024.

10.9% for persons aged 15–24 years (youth unemployment rate) from a revised rate of 11.2% in April 2025.

Up to 3.1% for persons aged 25–74 years from 3.0% in April 2025.[45]

The median household disposable income in 2024 was €58,922, an increase of €3,773 (+6.8%) from the previous year. Disposable household income is gross household income less total tax, social insurance contributions, pension contributions and inter-household transfers paid. [46]

## See also

[edit]

Life in Ireland

Culture

* Christianity
* Cuisine
* Culture
* Holidays (ROI)
* Holidays (NI)
* Music
* Religion
* Sport
* Tourism (ROI)

Economy

* Communications (ROI)
* Economy
* Taxation (ROI)
* Transport

General

* Architecture
* Geography
* History
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* Recycling (NI)

Society

* Demographics
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* Media

Politics

* Government (ROI)
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* Law enforcement
* Politics
* Foreign relations (ROI)

Policies

* Abortion
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* v
* t
* e

* Demographics of Northern Ireland
* 2011 census of Ireland
* 2016 census of Ireland
* Historical population of Ireland
* Irish diaspora
* Stamp 4

Groups:

* Americans in Ireland
* Brazilians in Ireland
* Black people in Ireland
* Chinese people in Ireland
* Lithuanians in Ireland
* Polish minority in Ireland
* Romani people in Ireland
* South Asians in Ireland
* Turks in Ireland

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and have been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and a reducing population.
2. ^ The 2022 Irish Census has swapped out the question regarding nationality with one regarding citizenship. Therefore the table states citizienship, as that is the data that the 2022 census has in comparison to the 2016 data.
3. ^ These statistics only show non-Irish citizens of the below countries that do not also have Irish citizenship. Individuals which have acquired Irish nationality are not counted under their nation's figures.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Irish population rose by record 3.5% last year, says European Commission". The Irish Times. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
2. ^ a b Census.ie – Population of Ireland 1841 – 2006 Archived 27 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
3. ^ Kiss, Monkia (March 2020). Demographic outlook for the European Union 2020 (PDF). European Parliamentary Research Service (Report).
4. ^ "Irish population to hit 6.7m by 2060". RTÉ News. 26 August 2008 – via www.rte.ie.
5. ^ Irish Examiner – Baby boom as Irish births reach highest level since 1982 Archived 8 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
6. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2011.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
7. ^ Barry, Aoife (28 June 2011). "Ireland has highest birth rate in the EU".
8. ^ "Population and migration estimates april 2017".
9. ^ "Populationand migration estimates April 2019". 27 August 2019.
10. ^ a b c d e f g Max Roser (2014), "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", Our World in Data, Gapminder Foundation
11. ^ "E3001: Enumerated Population 1926 to 2016 by Age Group, Sex and Census Year". Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
12. ^ "Number of Births, Deaths and Marriages". Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
13. ^ "Vital Statistics Yearly Summary 2023". Retrieved 19 March 2025.
14. ^ "Births, Deaths and Marriages". Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
15. ^ "Total fertility rate by NUTS 3 region". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
16. ^ a b "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
17. ^ "Volume 05 - Ethnic or Cultural Background" (PDF).
18. ^ a b "Chapter 6: Ethnicity and Irish Travellers" (PDF). 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2017.
19. ^ "Ethnicity – CSO – Central Statistics Office". CSO. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
20. ^ a b c "Migration and Diversity - CSO - Central Statistics Office". CSO. 30 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
21. ^ a b Quinn, Martin Ruhs, Emma (1 September 2009). "Ireland: From Rapid Immigration to Recession". migrationpolicy.org. Retrieved 26 December 2021.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
22. ^ "Census of Population 2022 – Results". CSO. 30 May 2023.
23. ^ "Net migration rate". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
24. ^ https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpsr/censusofpopulation2022-summaryresults/migrationanddiversity/ [archive]
25. ^ "Vital Statistics Yearly Summary". 23 May 2025.
26. ^ "Estimated Migration Data for Ireland". National Institute of Statistics Ireland. Retrieved 19 April 2025.
27. ^ "Census 1986 Volume 8 - Persons, males and females in each province, classified by country of birth (PDF 61KB)" (PDF)."Census 1991 Volume 8 - Persons, males and females in each Province classified by country of birth (PDF 27KB)" (PDF)."Census 1996 VADR21 - Population Usually Resident"."Census 2002 - BDR21 - 2002 Population Usually Resident and Present in the State"."Census 2006 - C0429 - Population Usually Resident and Present in their Usual Residence on Census Night"."Census 2022 - FY016 - Population Usually Resident and Present in the State". Retrieved 30 September 2023.
28. ^ "Vision & Mission". Immigrant Council of Ireland. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
29. ^ "Irish Refugee Council". activelink. 16 February 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
30. ^ "Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland (MASI)". Irish Refugee Council. 12 April 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
31. ^ "International Protection Accommodation Services (IPAS)". gov.ie. 10 August 2021.
32. ^ McEnroe, Juno (18 November 2016). "National Party president wants immigrants to leave". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
33. ^ Gallagher, Conor; Lally, Conor (24 February 2021). "Refugee tribunal member sues for defamation". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
34. ^ "Red C poll: Three out of four think Ireland has taken too many refugees".
35. ^ "Protest held over housing of asylum seekers in Dublin". RTÉ.ie. 19 November 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
36. ^ Malekmian, Shamim (30 November 2022). "How the Government Created an Opening for Anti-Immigration Activists to Exploit in East Wall". Dublin Inquirer. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
37. ^ Mfaco, Bulelani (12 December 2020). "I live in direct provision. It's a devastating system – and it has thrown away millions". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
38. ^ Bulelani Mfaco (12 December 2020), "I live in direct provision. It's a devastating system – and it has thrown away millions", The Irish Times, retrieved 12 December 2020
39. ^ Thomas, Cónal (26 February 2021). "State plans to end Direct Provision by 2024 and replace system with not-for-profit accommodation". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
40. ^ "Census 2022 Profile 5 - Diversity, Migration, Ethnicity, Irish Travellers & Religion". Central Statistics Office. 26 October 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
41. ^ a b Eurobarometer – Europeans and their languages
42. ^ a b "Census 2011 Profile 9 Statistical Table" (PDF). Ireland Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
43. ^ "Irish Speakers Aged 3 Years and Over 2016". Retrieved 18 March 2025.
44. ^ "F8014: Irish speakers aged three years and over by sex, single year of age, level of Irish spoken and frequency of speaking Irish, 2022". Ireland Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
45. ^ "Monthly Unemployment May 2025 - Central Statistics Office". www.cso.ie. 5 June 2025. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
46. ^ "Household Income Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) 2024 - Central Statistics Office". www.cso.ie. 20 March 2025. Retrieved 20 June 2025.

## External links

[edit]

* Irish Central Statistics Office
* Historical Census Data
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Censuses|

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* Pobal HP Deprivation Index

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Ireland portal
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