Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Senior member of the British government

United Kingdom
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Royal arms of His Majesty's Government

Incumbent
Angela Rayner

since 5 July 2024

Government of the United Kingdom
Cabinet Office
Style|

* Deputy Prime Minister
(informal)
* The Right Honourable
(within the UK and Commonwealth)
* Her Excellency
(diplomatic)

Type| Minister of the Crown
Member of|

* Cabinet
* Privy Council
* National Security Council
* Council of the Nations and Regions
* Mayoral Council for England

Reports to| The Prime Minister
Residence| None, may use grace and favour residences
Seat| Westminster
Formation| 1942
First holder| Clement Attlee
Website| gov.uk/government/ministers/deputy-prime-minister--3
Political offices in the UK government

Arms of the British Government

* Prime Minister
* Deputy Prime Minister / First Secretary
* Treasury ministers
* Secretary of State
* Minister of state
* Parliamentary under-secretary of state
* Parliamentary private secretary
* Lord Chancellor
* Leader of the House of Commons
* Leader of the House of Lords
* Whips
* Law officers
* Sinecures
* Minister without portfolio

List of political offices

* v
* t
* e

This article is part of a series on

Politics of the United Kingdom

Constitution

* Magna Carta
* Bill of Rights
* Treaty of Union (Acts of Union)
* Parliamentary sovereignty
* Rule of law
* Separation of powers
* Other constitutional principles

The Crown

* The Monarch (list)

King Charles III

* Heir apparent

William, Prince of Wales

* * *

* Royal family
* Succession
* Prerogative
* Counsellors of State
* Republicanism in the United Kingdom

Executive

* Privy Council

Charles III
(King-in-Council)

* * *

* HM Government

* Cabinet (list)

Starmer ministry (L)

* Prime Minister (list)

Keir Starmer (L)

* Deputy Prime Minister

Angela Rayner (L)

* * *

* Departments
* Ministers
* Agencies

Legislature

* UK Parliament

(King-in-Parliament)

* * *

* King

Charles III

* * *

* House of Lords

* Lord Speaker
The Lord McFall of Alcluith

* * *

* House of Commons

* Speaker
Sir Lindsay Hoyle

* Leader of the Opposition
Kemi Badenoch (C)

* * *

* 59th Parliament
* Opposition
* MPs
* List of MPs

Judiciary

Charles III
(King-on-the-Bench)

* * *

* Supreme Court

* President

The Lord Reed

* Deputy President

The Lord Hodge

* Justices of the Supreme Court

* * *

* United Kingdom
* England and Wales
* Scotland
* Northern Ireland

Bank of England

* Governor

Andrew Bailey

* Deputy governors

Monetary Policy Committee

* * *

* Currencies
* Banknotes
* Coins

Elections and referendums

* Censorship
* UK Parliament constituencies (2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies)
* Political parties
* Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000
* Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
* Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions
* Senedd constituencies and electoral regions

UK general elections

* * *

* 1801 co-option
* 1802
* 1806
* 1807
* 1812
* 1818
* 1820
* 1826
* 1830
* 1831
* 1832–33
* 1835
* 1837
* 1841
* 1847
* 1852
* 1857
* 1859
* 1865
* 1868
* 1874
* 1880
* 1885
* 1886
* 1892
* 1895
* 1900
* 1906
* 1910 (Jan–Feb)
* 1910 (Dec)
* 1918
* 1922
* 1923
* 1924
* 1929
* 1931
* 1935
* 1945
* 1950
* 1951
* 1955
* 1959
* 1964
* 1966
* 1970
* 1974 (Feb)
* 1974 (Oct)
* 1979
* 1983
* 1987
* 1992
* 1997
* 2001
* 2005
* 2010
* 2015
* 2017
* 2019
* 2024

Endorsements

* 2010
* 2015
* 2017
* 2019
* 2024

European Parliament elections (1979–2019)

* * *

* 1979
* 1984
* 1989
* 1994
* 1999
* 2004
* 2009
* 2014
* 2019

Scottish Parliament elections

* * *

* 1999
* 2003
* 2007
* 2011
* 2016
* 2021
* Next

Northern Ireland Assembly elections

* * *

* 1998
* 2003
* 2007
* 2011
* 2016
* 2017
* 2022
* Next

Senedd elections

* * *

* 1999
* 2003
* 2007
* 2011
* 2016
* 2021
* Next

UK referendums

* * *

* 1975
* 2011
* 2016

Devolution

* Intergovernmental relations in the United Kingdom
* Legislative consent motions
* Prime Minister and Heads of Devolved Governments Council
* Council of the Nations and Regions

* * *

England

* Governance of England
* English votes for English laws
* Greater London Authority
* 1998 referendum
* Greater London Authority Act 1999
(2007 Act)
* Mayor of London
* Sadiq Khan
* Mayoral cabinet
* London Assembly
* London Plan
* Combined authorities
* Metro mayors

* * *

Northern Ireland

* Northern Ireland Act 1998
(2006 Act)
* First Minister
* Michelle O'Neill
* deputy First Minister
* Emma Little-Pengelly
* Executive
* Assembly
* Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly
* Law of Northern Ireland

* * *

Scotland

* Scottish devolution
* 1997 referendum
* Scotland Act 1998
(2012 Act, 2016 Act)
* First Minister
* John Swinney
* Government
* Scottish Parliament
* Act of the Scottish Parliament
* Scottish statutory instrument
* Scots law

* * *

Wales

* Welsh devolution
* 1997 referendum
(2011 referendum on law-making powers)
* Government of Wales Act 1998
(2006 Act, Wales Act 2014, Wales Act 2017)
* First Minister
* Eluned Morgan
* Government
* Senedd
* Measure of the National Assembly for Wales (1999–2011)
* Act of Senedd Cymru
* Welsh law

Administration

England

* History
* Subdivisions: Regions
* Ceremonial counties (list)
* Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties
* Metropolitan county
* Non-metropolitan county
* Greater London
* Unitary authorities (list)
* Districts (list)
* Metropolitan Borough
* Non-metropolitan District
* London Borough
* Civil parishes (list)
* Historic counties

* * *

Northern Ireland

* History
* Subdivisions: Counties
* Districts

* * *

Scotland

* History
* Subdivisions: Sheriffdoms
* Council areas
* Community council areas
* Civil parishes
* Shires of Scotland

* * *

Wales

* History
* Preserved counties
* Principal areas
* Communities (list)
* Historic counties

Crown Dependencies

* Bailiwick of Guernsey

* Guernsey
* Alderney
* Sark

* * *

* Bailiwick of Jersey

* * *

* Isle of Man

* * *

* British Islands
* Common Travel Area
* UK-CD Customs Union

Overseas Territories

* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* Anguilla
* Bermuda
* British Antarctic Territory
* British Indian Ocean Territory
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Falkland Islands
* Gibraltar
* Montserrat
* Pitcairn Islands
* Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
* Saint Helena
* Ascension Island
* Tristan da Cunha
* South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
* Turks and Caicos Islands

* * *

* British Overseas Territories citizen
* Visa requirements
* Visa policies

* * *

* British Overseas Territories Act 2002
* UK-OT JMC
* Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute
* Gibraltar sovereignty dispute
* Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute

Foreign relations

* Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
* Foreign policy (history)

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in the United Kingdom

* * *

* UK passport
* British National (Overseas) passport
* Visa requirements
* UK–CD Customs Union
* Visa policy
* Free trade agreements

* * *

* Australia
* Barbados
* Belgium
* Belize
* Brunei
* Canada
* China
* Hong Kong
* Cyprus
* Denmark
* France
* Germany
* India
* Israel
* Italy
* Japan
* Kenya
* Malaysia
* Malta
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Norway
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Spain
* South Africa
* Palestine
* Pakistan
* Poland
* Portugal
* United States
* Zimbabwe

* * *

* Ireland
* politics of Northern Ireland
* Good Friday Agreement
* UK–Ireland border
* Northern Ireland Protocol
* British–Irish Council

* * *

* European Union (history)
* Brexit
* Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
* UK–EU withdrawal agreement

* * *

* The Commonwealth
* member states

* * *

* United Kingdom and the United Nations
* United Nations Security Council
* P5

* * *

* NATO
* G20
* G7

United Kingdom portal

* England
* Northern Ireland
* Scotland
* Wales

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

The deputy prime minister of the United Kingdom is an honorific title[1] given to a minister of the Crown and a member of the British Cabinet, normally to signify a very senior minister, the deputy leader of the governing party, or a key political ally of the prime minister.

It does not entail any specific legal or constitutional responsibilities, though the holder will normally be assigned some duties by the prime minister and in recent times this has typically always included deputising for The Prime Minister in the House of Commons, domestically and abroad. Appointment to the position is usually paired with appointment to a departmental secretary of state position. The title is not always in use and prime ministers have been known to appoint deputies with title first secretary of state or informal deputies without any honorific title.[2]

The current deputy prime minister is Angela Rayner who has served as the deputy prime minister under Sir Keir Starmer since 5 July 2024.[3]

## Constitutional position

[edit]

Deputy prime minister is a title[4][5][6] and successive monarchs had refused to officially recognise the position.[7][8] It brings with it no salary[9] and the holder of the title has no right to automatic succession to the premiership.[10]

When Winston Churchill attempted to have Anthony Eden appointed deputy prime minister in 1942, George VI said that the 'office ... does not exist' and that conferring the title may be seen as an attempt to designate the prime minister's successor and thus may restrict the monarch's royal prerogative.[11] However, Vernon Bogdanor has said that that argument holds little weight in the modern context, since the monarch no longer has any real discretion, and that, even in the past, a person acting as deputy prime minister had no real advantage to being appointed prime minister.[11]

## Responsibilities

[edit]

The title is not always in use and the holder's responsibilities will vary depending on the circumstances.[12] As of December 2024, the deputy prime minister's responsibilities include: deputising for the prime minister (in the House of Commons, domestically and internationally), supporting the prime minister, special responsibility for employment rights and cross-governmental coordination of communities policy.[3]

Rodney Brazier has written that there are three reasons why a deputy prime minister has been appointed: to set out the line of succession to the premiership preferred by the prime minister, to promote the efficient discharge of government business and (in the case of Labour governments) to accord recognition to the status of the deputy leader of the Labour party.[13] Jonathan Kirkup and Stephen Thornton suggest that there are multiple motivations behind a prime minister appointing a deputy: leader of a party in a coalition government, as their designated successor, to neuter or mollify a rival, because they are a 'safe pair of hands' and to create a 'balanced ticket'.[14]

Philip Norton says that there are two advantages to a prime minister of having a deputy prime minister (or first secretary of state): functional (to serve the prime minister free of departmental responsibilities, so they can do 'correlation, co-ordination and chairmanship of committees', in the words of Rab Butler) and political (to send a signal as to the status of the holder).[15] Bogdanor, Brazier and Anthony Seldon also suggest that the title may be of use if a prime minister were to die or fall unable to exercise their functions.[11][16][17]

## History

[edit]

Before World War II, while a minister was occasionally invited to deputise as prime minister when the prime minister was ill or abroad, no one was styled as such when the prime minister was in the country and physically able to run the government.[18] This changed in 1942 when Clement Attlee was styled as deputy prime minister by Winston Churchill. This designation was seen as an exceptional result of a coalition and the war,[19] and Attlee's 1942 appointment was not formally approved by the King[20][21][22] and was a matter of form rather than fact.[7] The designation was because Churchill wanted to demonstrate the importance of the Labour party in the coalition, not for any reasons relating to succession; he actually left written advice that the King should send for Anthony Eden if he were to die, not Attlee.[9] Unusually in comparison to other unofficial deputy prime ministers, Clement Attlee was described as deputy prime minister by Hansard, whereas other unofficial deputies are described using their official position.[21]

After this, fearing a possible curtailment of the monarch's prerogative to choose a prime minister, no one was formally styled deputy prime minister (though there was often a senior minister generally regarded as such) until Michael Heseltine in 1995.[23] As the title of deputy prime minister did not hold any statutory authority, Heseltine was also appointed as First Secretary of State.[20] John Prescott served as deputy prime minister under Tony Blair during the entirety of Blair's premiership, and remains the longest-serving deputy prime minister. Prescott's statutory authority was originally drawn from his concurrent position as Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions; however, in 2001 this department was broken up and the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) was also formed within the Cabinet Office.[21] To ensure he continued to hold statutory authority, he was appointed First Secretary of State. In June 2003, the ODPM became a separate department and absorbed the local government and regions portfolios from the defunct Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions. During the 5 May 2006 reshuffle of Tony Blair's government, Prescott kept his position as deputy prime minister but lost his departmental authority and OPDM was renamed the Department for Communities and Local Government and headed by Ruth Kelly. The position was vacant during Gordon Brown's premiership.

After the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats formed a coalition government in 2010, Nick Clegg was appointed deputy prime minister[24][25] under David Cameron, and served in this role until he resigned after the Conservatives won a majority in the 2015 general election. During the coalition William Hague was appointed by Cameron as First Secretary of State, the only time that both these positions have existed concurrently but not been held by the same person. During this time Cameron described Hague rather than Clegg as being his 'de facto political deputy'.[20] The office of deputy prime minister was vacant for the remainder of Cameron's premiership and the entirety of Theresa May's premiership; during this time, the Prime Minister was deputised by the Minister for the Cabinet Office.[23]

In 2020, a year before being formally styled deputy prime minister, Dominic Raab deputised for Boris Johnson while Johnson was in hospital with COVID-19, though was not formally styled deputy prime minister until September 2021. Raab served as deputy prime minister during the remainder of Johnson's premiership. Thérèse Coffey served as deputy prime minister in September and October 2022 under Liz Truss, becoming the shortest serving deputy prime minister in history. After Rishi Sunak became prime minister, he reappointed Raab as deputy prime minister,[26] making him the first non-consecutive holder of the office. Raab resigned in April 2023 after the investigation into his alleged bullying was published, and was succeeded by deputy prime minister Oliver Dowden, who resigned after the 2024 general election, whereupon he was replaced by Angela Rayner in Keir Starmer's Labour government.

## Office and residence

[edit]

There is no set of offices permanently ready to house the deputy prime minister.[27] Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg maintained an office at the Cabinet Office headquarters, 70 Whitehall, which is linked to 10 Downing Street.[28] Clegg's predecessor, Prescott, maintained his main office at 26 Whitehall.[29]

The prime minister may also give them the use of a grace and favour country house.[27] While in office, Nick Clegg resided at his private residence in Putney and he shared Chevening House with First Secretary William Hague as a weekend residence.[30] Clegg's predecessor, John Prescott, used Dorneywood.[27]

## List of deputy prime ministers

[edit]

The following people have held the title of deputy prime minister.[Note 1][31][32]

Deputy prime ministers  Deputy Prime Minister  | Term of office  | Duration  | Other ministerial portfolios held during tenure  | Party  | Ministry

|
|
|
|
|

|  | Clement Attlee
MP for Limehouse
(1883–1967) | 19 February
1942[33] | 23 May
1945  | 3 years, 94 days |

* Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs (1942–1943)
* Lord President of the Council (1943–1945)

| Labour | Churchill War
|  | Michael Heseltine
MP for Henley
(born 1933) | 5 July
1995  | 2 May
1997  | 1 year, 302 days |

* First Secretary of State

| Conservative | Major II
|  | John Prescott
MP for Kingston upon Hull East
(1938–2024) | 2 May
1997  | 27 June
2007  | 10 years, 57 days |

* Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions (1997–2001)
* First Secretary of State (2001–2007)

| Labour | Blair I
Blair II
Blair III
|  | Nick Clegg
MP for Sheffield Hallam
(born 1967) | 11 May
2010  | 8 May
2015  | 4 years, 363 days |

* Lord President of the Council

| Liberal Democrat | Cameron–Clegg
|  | Dominic Raab
MP for Esher and Walton
(born 1974) | 15 September
2021  | 6 September
2022  | 357 days |

* Lord Chancellor
* Secretary of State for Justice

| Conservative | Johnson II
|  | Thérèse Coffey
MP for Suffolk Coastal
(born 1971) | 6 September
2022  | 25 October
2022  | 50 days |

* Secretary of State for Health and Social Care

| Truss
|  | Dominic Raab
MP for Esher and Walton
(born 1974) | 25 October
2022  | 21 April
2023  | 179 days |

* Lord Chancellor
* Secretary of State for Justice

| Sunak
|  | Oliver Dowden
MP for Hertsmere
(born 1978) | 21 April
2023  | 5 July
2024  | 1 year, 76 days |

* Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
* Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office

|  | Angela Rayner
MP for Ashton-under-Lyne
(born 1980) | 5 July
2024  | Incumbent  | 1 year, 26 days |

* Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government

| Labour | Starmer

1. ^ In his list of deputy prime ministers, Brazier includes Geoffrey Howe. However, Norton does not in his, explaining that Buckingham Palace took issue with appointing Howe "Deputy Prime Minister" and proposed "Sir Geoffrey will act as Deputy Prime Minister".

## Timeline

[edit]

## Unofficial deputies

[edit]

The prime minister's second-in-command has variably served as deputy prime minister, first secretary and de facto deputy and at other times prime ministers have chosen not to select a permanent deputy at all, preferring ad hoc arrangements.[19] It has also been suggested that the office of Lord President of the Council (which comes with leading precedence) has been intermittently used for deputies in the past.[34][6]

### Lists

[edit]

Anthony Eden is often described as Winston Churchill's deputy, though his appointment as deputy prime minister in 1951 was actually rejected by the King.

Picking out definitive deputies to the prime minister has been described as a highly problematic task.[35]

Bogdanor, in his 1995 publication The Monarchy and the Constitution, said that the following people had acted as deputy prime ministers (by this he meant they had chaired the Cabinet in the absence of the prime minister and chaired a number of key Cabinet Committees):[36]

Clement Attlee

Herbert Morrison
Anthony Eden
Rab Butler
George Brown
Michael Stewart
Reginald Maudling
William Whitelaw
Geoffrey Howe

In an academic article first published in 2015, Jonathan Kirkup and Stephen Thornton used five criteria to identify deputies: gazetted or styled in Hansard as deputy prime minister; 'officially' designated deputy prime minister by the prime minister; widely recognised by their colleagues as deputy prime minister; second in the ministerial ranking; and chaired the Cabinet or took Prime Minister's Questions in the prime minister's absence.[37] They said that the following people have the best claim to the position of deputy to the prime minister:[35]

Clement Attlee

Herbert Morrison
Anthony Eden
Rab Butler
George Brown
Michael Stewart
Willie Whitelaw
Geoffrey Howe
Michael Heseltine
John Prescott
Nick Clegg

They also said that the following three people would have a reasonable claim:[35]

Andrew Bonar Law

Edward Short
Michael Foot

Brazier has listed the following ministers as unambiguously deputy to or de facto deputies of the prime minister:[38]

Clement Attlee  | 1940–1945

|

Anthony Eden  | 1945
1951–1955
Rab Butler  | 1955–1963
George Brown  | 1964–1970
Reginald Maudling  | 1970–1972
Willie Whitelaw  | 1979–1988
Geoffrey Howe  | 1989–1990
Michael Heseltine  | 1995–1997
John Prescott  | 1997–2007
Nick Clegg  | 2010–2015
George Osborne | 2015–2016
Damian Green | 2017
David Lidington | 2018–2019
Dominic Raab | 2019–2022

Lord Norton of Louth has listed the following people as serving as deputy prime minister, but not being formally styled as such:[39]

Herbert Morrison  | 1945–1951

|

Anthony Eden  | 1951–1955
Rab Butler  | 1962–1963
Willie Whitelaw  | 1979–1988
Geoffrey Howe  | 1989–1990
David Lidington  | 2018–2019

## Succession

[edit]

Nobody has the right of automatic succession to the prime ministership.[40] However, it is generally considered that in the event of the death of the prime minister, it would be appropriate to appoint an interim prime minister, though there is some debate as to how to decide who this should be.[41] In 2021, Cabinet Secretary Simon Case suggested:[42]

> [I]t would likely have to be a decision for Cabinet to nominate somebody who could step into the role of Prime Minister in the belief that they could fulfil that requirement and command a majority in the House. The sovereign would need to be given a rapid and clear recommendation by the Government on who to call on. By our estimation, and given the pressures of the job, we do not think you would want to leave it for more than 48 hours before identifying such a person.

When the prime minister is travelling, it is standard practice for a senior duty minister to be appointed who can attend to urgent business and meetings if required, though the prime minister remains in charge and updated throughout.[43] And, on 6 April 2020, when Prime Minister Boris Johnson was admitted into ICU, he asked First Secretary of State Dominic Raab "to deputise for him where necessary".[44]

## See also

[edit]

* First Secretary of State
* Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ "The deputy prime minister and first secretary of state". Institute for Government. 4 April 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
2. ^ Brazier 2020, p. 80.
3. ^ a b "Deputy Prime Minister". gov.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
4. ^ "The deputy prime minister and first secretary of state". Institute for Government. 4 April 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
5. ^ Kirkup & Thornton 2017, p. 494.
6. ^ a b Norton 2020, p. 144.
7. ^ a b Bogdanor 1995, p. 87.
8. ^ Thornton, Stephen; Kirkup, Jonathan (22 December 2017). "Was Damian Green really the Deputy Prime Minister?". British Politics and Policy at LSE. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
9. ^ a b Seldon, Meakin & Thoms 2021, p. 171.
10. ^ Norton 2020, p. 152.
11. ^ a b c Bogdanor 1995, p. 88.
12. ^ "The Cabinet Manual" (PDF). Government of the United Kingdom. October 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
13. ^ Brazier 1988, p. 176.
14. ^ Kirkup & Thornton 2017, p. 498.
15. ^ Norton 2020, p. 148-150.
16. ^ Brazier 2020, p. 82-83.
17. ^ Seldon, Meakin & Thoms 2021, p. 329.
18. ^ Norton 2020, p. 141-142.
19. ^ a b Norton 2020, p. 142.
20. ^ a b c Thornton, Stephen; Kirkup, Jonathan (2023). "From Rab to Raab: The Construction of the Office of First Secretary of State". Parliamentary Affairs. 76: 186–210\. doi:10.1093/pa/gsab038.
21. ^ a b c Gay, Oonagh (2013). "The office of Deputy prime Minister" (PDF). House of Commons Library Briefing.
22. ^ Hennessy 1995, p. 16.
23. ^ a b Norton 2020, p. 142-144.
24. ^ "No. 59425". The London Gazette. 21 May 2010. p. 9403.
25. ^ Government of the United Kingdom (12 May 2010). "Nick Clegg appointed Deputy Prime Minister". Retrieved 29 May 2023.
26. ^ Government of the United Kingdom (24 November 2022). "Ministerial Appointments: October – November 2022". Retrieved 29 May 2023.
27. ^ a b c Brazier 2020, p. 73.
28. ^ "Nick Clegg could be given use of stately home where John Prescott played croquet". The Telegraph. 13 May 2010. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
29. ^ "Deputy Prime Minister | Contact us". gov.uk. Archived from the original on 16 May 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
30. ^ "Hague and Clegg given timeshare of official residence". BBC News. 18 May 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
31. ^ Norton 2020, p. 143-144.
32. ^ Brazier 2020, p. 77.
33. ^ Thornton, Stephen (19 January 2024). "The brace of the cabinet: the legacy of Clement Attlee as deputy prime minister". Contemporary British History. 38 (3): 359–382.
34. ^ Seldon, Meakin & Thoms 2021, p. 157.
35. ^ a b c Kirkup & Thornton 2017, p. 517.
36. ^ Bogdanor 1995, p. 87-88.
37. ^ Kirkup & Thornton 2017, p. 495.
38. ^ Brazier 2020, p. 80-82.
39. ^ Norton 2020, p. 143.
40. ^ Brazier 2020, p. 174.
41. ^ Norton 2016, p. 34.
42. ^ "Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee: Oral evidence: The work of the Cabinet Office, HC 118". Parliament of the United Kingdom. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
43. ^ Mason, Chris (15 August 2016). "Is Boris Johnson running the country?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
44. ^ "Statement from Downing Street: 6 April 2020". gov.uk. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2021.

## References

[edit]

* Brazier, Rodney (1988). "The deputy prime minister". Public Law. pp 176–192.
* Brazier, Rodney (2020). Choosing a Prime Minister: The Transfer of Power in Britain. Oxford University Press.
* Bogdanor, Vernon (1995). The Monarchy and the Constitution. Clarendon Press.
* Hennessy, Peter (1995). The Hidden Wiring: Unearthing the British Constitution. Indigo.
* Kirkup, Jonathan; Thornton, Stephen (2017). "'Everyone needs a Willie': The elusive position of deputy to the British prime minister". British Politics. 12 (4): 492–520\. doi:10.1057/bp.2015.42. S2CID 156861636.
* Norton, Philip (2016). "A temporary occupant of No.10? Prime Ministerial succession in the event of the death of the incumbent". Public Law.
* Norton, Philip (2020). Governing Britain: Parliament, Ministers and Our Ambiguous Constitution. Manchester University Press.
* Seldon, Anthony; Meakin, Jonathan; Thoms, Illias (2021). The Impossible Office? The History of the British Prime Minister. Cambridge University Press.
* Vennard, Andrew (2008). "Prime Ministerial succession". Public Law.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Barnes, S. "What About Me? Deputy Prime Ministership in New Zealand." Political Science 61#1 (2009): 33–49. doi:10.1177/00323187090610010401.
* Blick, A., and G. Jones. Premiership: The Development, Nature and Power of the Office of the British Prime Minister (Imprint Academic, 2010).
* Gay, O. The Office of Deputy Prime Minister (Parliament and Constitution Centre, 2013). online.
* McKinstry, L. Attlee and Churchill: Allies in War, Adversaries in Peace (Atlantic, 2019).
* Machaliński, Zbigniew. "Activity of Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Treasury in Years 1935–1939." Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość 16 (2019): 79–96, in Poland. onlinr
* Spark, Ceridwen, and Jack Corbett. "Fiamē Naomi Mata 'afa: Sāmoa's First Female Deputy Prime Minister." The Journal of Pacific History 55.4 (2020): 453–474.
* Thomas, T. L., and Law Enforcement. "Anatoliy Sergeerich Kulikov: Policeman, Power Minister, Deputy Prime Minister Politician?." in Low Intensity Conflict and Law Enforcement (1998): 149–178. in Russia. see Anatoly Kulikov
* Thornton, Stephen. "The brace of the Cabinet: the legacy of Clement Attlee as deputy prime minister," Contemporary British History, (2024) 1–24; in UK 1940–45. DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2024.2305459

* v
* t
* e

Deputy prime ministers of the United Kingdom

Formally titled|

* Michael Heseltine (1995–1997)
* John Prescott (1997–2007)
* Nick Clegg (2010–2015)
* Dominic Raab (2021–2022)
* Thérèse Coffey (2022)
* Dominic Raab (2022–2023)
* Oliver Dowden (2023–2024)
* Angela Rayner (2024–present)

Others fitting definition|

* Clement Attlee (1940–1945)
* Anthony Eden (1951–1955)
* Rab Butler (1955–1963)
* George Brown (1964–1968)
* Reginald Maudling (1970–1972)
* William Whitelaw (1979–1988)
* Geoffrey Howe (1989–1990)
* George Osborne (2015–2016)
* Damian Green (2017)
* David Lidington (2018–2019)
* Dominic Raab (2019–2021)

* v
* t
* e

Downing Street

Buildings|

* 9 Downing Street
* Chief Whip's Office
* Press Briefing Room
* 10 Downing Street
* 11 Downing Street
* 12 Downing Street
* Privy Council Office

Residence|

* First Lord of the Treasury
* Prime Minister
* Second Lord of the Treasury (Chancellor of the Exchequer)
* Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
* Government Chief Whip
* Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office

Prime Minister's Office|

* Principal Private Secretary
* Parliamentary Private Secretary
* Political Secretary
* Chief of Staff
* Director of Communications
* Press Secretary
* Director of Policy
* Official Spokesperson

Miscellaneous|

* Downing Street Christmas Tree
* Ministerial Broadcast
* Number 10 Policy Unit
* Prime Minister's New Year Message
* Partygate
* Portrait of Margaret Thatcher

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template