Deputy prime minister

Government position secondary to the prime minister

A deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some countries, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, as both positions are "number two" offices, but there are some differences.

The states of Australia and provinces of Canada each have the analogous office of deputy premier. In the devolved administrations of the United Kingdom, an analogous position is that of the deputy First Minister, albeit the position in Northern Ireland has equivalent powers to the First Minister differing only in the titles of the offices. In Canada, the position of deputy prime minister should not be confused with the Canadian deputy minister of the prime minister of Canada, a nonpolitical civil servant position.

In Austria and Germany, the officeholder is known as vice-chancellor.

A deputy prime minister traditionally serves as acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent or incapable of exercising power. The deputy prime minister is often asked to succeed to the prime minister's office following the prime minister's sudden death or unexpected resignation, but that is not necessarily mandated by the constitution. This government position is often a job that is held simultaneously with another ministry, and is usually given to one of the most senior or experienced ministers of the cabinet. The holder of this office may also be deputy leader of the governing party, or perhaps the leader of the junior party of a coalition government.

Little scholarly attention has focused on deputy prime ministers, as they are sometimes less involved in the political power plays of government and more focus on the work at hand. A 2009 study in Political Science identified nine 'qualities' of deputy prime ministership: temperament; relationships with their Cabinet and caucus; relationships with their party; popularity with the public; media skills; achievements as deputy prime minister; relationship with the prime minister; leadership ambition; and method of succession.[1]

By contrast, the structure of the Government of Russia[2] and Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine provides for several deputy prime ministers or vice prime ministers.[3] In the case of the Russian government, the prime minister is responsible for defining the scope of the duties for each of their deputies,[4] who also may head a specific ministry: e.g. the former Minister of Finance of Russia, Alexey Kudrin, also serves as one of the deputies of the prime ministers or vice-premiers. One or two of these deputy prime ministers may hold the title of a first deputy prime minister. Russian federal law indicates that in accordance with the order established in advance, one of the deputy prime ministers may temporarily substitute for the prime minister in their absence. Customarily, however, it is to one of the "first" Deputy prime ministers that the prime-ministerial duties may be delegated. At the same time, in the case of prime minister's resignation, the law allows the President of Russia to choose any of the current vice-premiers to serve as an acting prime minister until the confirmation of the new government.[5]

There is also the special case of Belgium: in the Federal Government of Belgium, a deputy prime minister not only replaces the prime minister in the case they are incapacitated, but also acts as the link between the government and their political party. In short, in Belgium, a Deputy prime minister is the voice of their political party in the federal government, and they are the voice of the government in their political party. The prime minister and the deputy prime ministers form what is called the "inner cabinet" (kernkabinet; conseil des ministres restreint or kern), an instance where the most important political decisions are discussed and taken.

## Lists of deputy prime ministers

[edit]

State | Office  | Officeholder  | Assumed office

|
|
|

Afghanistan | Deputy prime minister | Abdul Ghani Baradar (acting, first)  | 7 September 2021
Abdul Salam Hanafi (acting, second)
Abdul Kabir (acting, third)  | 4 October 2021
Albania | Deputy prime minister | Arben Ahmetaj | 18 September 2021
Antigua and Barbuda | Deputy prime minister | Robin Yearwood |
Armenia | Deputy prime minister | Tigran Avinyan | 11 May 2018
Mher Grigoryan
Australia | Deputy prime minister | Richard Marles | 23 May 2022
Austria | Vice-chancellor | Vacant |
Azerbaijan | Deputy prime minister | Yagub Eyyubov and Shahin Mustafayev | 13 February 2003 and 22 October 2019
Bahamas | Deputy prime minister | Chester Cooper | 17 September 2021
Bahrain | Deputy prime minister | Khalid bin Abdullah Al Khalifa | 2 November 2010
Bangladesh | Deputy Prime Minister of Bangladesh | Vacant |
Barbados | Deputy prime minister | Santia Bradshaw | 26 January 2022
Belarus | Deputy prime minister | Mikalay Snapkow, Pyotr Parkhomchik, Ihar Petryshenka, Anatol Sivak, Leanid Zayats |
Belgium | Deputy prime minister | Pierre-Yves Dermagne | 1 October 2020
Georges Gilkinet
Vincent Van Peteghem
Frank Vandenbroucke
Petra De Sutter
David Clarinval | 22 April 2022
Paul Van Tigchelt | 22 October 2023
Belize | Deputy prime minister | Cordel Hyde | 16 November 2020
Bulgaria | Deputy prime minister | Lyudmila Petkova |
Cambodia | Deputy prime minister | Aun Pornmoniroth | 6 September 2018
Vongsey Vissoth | 22 August 2023
Sar Sokha
Tea Seiha
Hangchuon Naron
Sok Chenda Sophea
Keut Rith
Say Sam Al
Sun Chanthol
Neth Savoeun
Canada | Deputy prime minister | Vacant (since 2024) | N/A
China | First vice premier | Ding Xuexiang | 12 March 2023
Second vice premier  | He Lifeng
Third vice premier  | Zhang Guoqing
Fourth vice premier  | Liu Guozhong
Croatia | Deputy prime minister | Davor Božinović | 19 July 2019
Tomo Medved | 23 July 2020
Oleg Butković | 15 July 2022
Branko Bačić | 17 January 2023
Marko Primorac | 17 May 2024
Josip Dabro
Czech Republic | First deputy prime minister  | Vít Rakušan | 17 December 2021
Deputy prime minister  | Marian Jurečka | 17 December 2021
Ivan Bartoš | 17 December 2021
Vlastimil Válek | 17 December 2021
Denmark | Deputy Prime Minister | Troels Lund Poulsen | 23 October 2022
Dominica | Deputy Prime Minister | Irving McIntyre | 13 December 2022
East Timor | Deputy prime minister | Armanda Berta dos Santos | 29 May 2020
José Maria dos Reis | 24 June 2020
Egypt | Deputy prime minister | Khaled Abdel Ghaffar and Kamel al-Wazir |
Equatorial Guinea | Deputy prime minister | Clemente Engonga Nguema Onguene, Ángel Mesie Mibuy and Alfonso Nsue Mokuy |
Eswatini | Deputy prime minister | Themba N. Masuku[6] | 4 November 2018
Ethiopia | Deputy Prime Minister | Temesgen Tiruneh | 21 September 2012
Fiji | Deputy prime minister | Biman Prasad | 24 Dec 2022
Finland | Deputy prime minister | Annika Saarikko | 10 September 2020
Georgia | Vice Prime Minister | Thea Tsulukiani | 31 March 2021
Levan Davitashvili | 12 July 2021
Germany | Vice-Chancellor | Robert Habeck | 8 December 2021
Greece | Deputy prime minister | Vacant (since 2023) | N/A
Hungary | Deputy prime minister  | Zsolt Semjén | 1 June 2010
India | Deputy prime minister | Vacant (since 2004) | N/A
Iraq | Deputy prime minister | Fuad Hussein and Ali Tamim |
Ireland | Tánaiste | Micheál Martin | 17 December 2022
Israel | Deputy prime minister | Yariv Levin | 29 December 2022
Vice prime minister | Vacant (since 2023) | N/A
Italy | Deputy prime minister | Matteo Salvini | 22 October 2022
Antonio Tajani | 22 October 2022
Jamaica | Deputy prime minister | Horace Chang | 7 September 2020
Japan | Deputy prime minister | Vacant (since 2021) | N/A
Jordan | Deputy prime minister | Ayman Safadi |
Kazakhstan | First deputy prime minister | Alihan Smaiylov | 25 February 2019
Deputy prime minister | Roman Sklyar | 18 September 2019
Eraly Togjanov | 11 February 2020
Kosovo | Deputy prime minister | Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz and Emilija Redžepi | 22 March 2021
Kurdistan | Deputy Prime Minister | Qubad Talabani | June 2014
Kuwait | Deputy prime minister | Fahad Yusuf Al-Sabah, Sharida Abdallah Saad Al Maousherji, Imad Mohammad Alatiqi |
Kyrgyzstan | First deputy chairman of the cabinet of ministers | Adylbek Kasymaliev | 20 June 2022
Deputy chairman of the cabinet of ministers  | variable, currently three deputies  | by cabinet
Laos | Deputy prime minister | Kikeo Khaykhamphithoune | 2021
Chansamone Chanyalath
Saleumxay Kommasith | 20 June 2022
Vilay Lakhamfong
Lebanon | Deputy prime minister | Saadeh Al Shami | 10 September 2021
Lesotho | Deputy prime minister | Mathibeli Mokhothu | 21 May 2020
Liechtenstein | Deputy prime minister | Sabine Monauni | 25 March 2021
Luxembourg | Deputy prime ministers | Xavier Bettel | 17 November 2023
Malaysia | Deputy Prime Ministers | Ahmad Zahid Hamidi | 3 December 2022
Fadillah Yusof
Malta | Deputy prime minister | Vacant (since 2024) | N/A
Mauritius | Deputy prime minister | Paul Bérenger | 29 December 2024
Vice-prime minister | Vacant (since 2024) | N/A
Moldova | Deputy Prime Minister | Mihai Popșoi | 29 January 2024
Dumitru Alaiba | 16 February 2023
Vladimir Bolea | 16 February 2023
Cristina Gherasimov | 5 February 2024
Oleg Serebrian | 19 January 2022
Mongolia | Deputy prime minister | Amarsaikhan Sainbuyan | 29 January 2021
Togmidyn Dorjkhand | 10 July 2024
Montenegro | Deputy prime minister | Vladimir Joković | 28 April 2022
Raško Konjević
Jovana Marović
Ervin Ibrahimović
Myanmar | Deputy prime minister | Soe Win | 1 August 2021
Mya Tun Oo | 1 February 2023[7]
Tin Aung San
Win Shein
Than Swe | 3 August 2023[8]
Namibia | Deputy-prime minister | John Mutorwa | 9 February 2024
Nepal | Deputy prime minister | Prakash Man Singh | 15 July 2024
Bishnu Prasad Paudel
Netherlands | Deputy prime minister | Fleur Agema | 2 July 2024
Sophie Hermans
Eddy van Hijum
Mona Keijzer
New Zealand | Deputy prime minister | Winston Peters | 27 November 2023
North Korea | Vice premier | Pak Jong-gun | 2021
Yang Sung-ho | 2020
Kim Song-ryong | 2021
Ri Song-hak | 2021
Pak Hun | 2021
Ju Chol-gyu | 2021
Jon Sung-guk | 2022
North Macedonia | Deputy prime minister | Izet Mexhiti
Ljupco Dimovski
Ivan Stoilković
Orhan Murtenzai
Arben Fetaj
Aleksandar Nikolovski | 23 June 2024
Oman | Deputy prime minister
Fahd bin Mahmoud Al Said | 1972
Asa'ad bin Tariq Al Said | 2017
Shihab bin Tariq Al Said | 2020
Pakistan | Deputy prime minister | Ishaq Dar | 29 March 2024
Papua New Guinea | Deputy prime minister | Vacant | 11 May 2022
Poland | Deputy prime minister | Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz | 13 December 2023
Krzysztof Gawkowski
Portugal | Deputy prime minister | Vacant (since 2015) | N/A
Qatar | Deputy prime minister | Khalid bin Mohammad Al Attiyah | January 2016
Romania | Deputy prime minister | Marian Neacșu | 15 June 2023
Cătălin Predoiu
Russia | First Deputy Chairman of the Government | Denis Manturov | 14 May 2024
Deputy Chairmen of the Government | variable, up to eight deputies  | by cabinet
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Deputy prime minister | Geoffrey Hanley | 6 August 2022
Saint Lucia | Deputy prime minister | Ernest Hilaire | January 2022
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Deputy prime minister | Montgomery Daniel | 7 November 2020
Samoa | Deputy prime minister | Tuala Iosefo Ponifasio | 24 May 2021
Saudi Arabia | Deputy prime minister | Vacant (since 2022) | N/A
Serbia | First deputy prime minister  | Ivica Dačić | 27 April 2014
Deputy prime minister  | Rasim Ljajić | 27 July 2012
Zorana Mihajlović | 27 April 2014
Nebojša Stefanović | 11 August 2016
Singapore | Deputy prime minister | Heng Swee Keat | 1 May 2019
Gan Kim Yong | 15 May 2024
Slovakia | Deputy prime ministers | Robert Kalinak, Denisa Sakova, Tomáš Taraba, Peter Kmec |
Slovenia | Deputy prime minister | Zdravko Počivalšek | 13 March 2020
Matej Tonin
Aleksandra Pivec
Solomon Islands | Deputy prime minister | Manasseh Maelanga[9] | 1 November 2019
Somalia | Deputy prime ministers | Salah Ahmed Jama |
South Korea | Deputy prime minister | Lee Ju-ho | 7 November 2022
Choi Sang-mok | 29 December 2023
Spain | First Deputy prime minister | María Jesús Montero | 29 December 2023
Second Deputy Prime Minister | Yolanda Díaz | 12 July 2021
Third Deputy Prime Minister | Sara Aagesen | 25 November 2024
Sweden | Deputy prime minister | Ebba Busch | 18 October 2022
Syria | Deputy prime minister | Vacant (since 2023) | N/A
Taiwan | Vice premier | Cheng Wen-tsan | 31 January 2023
Thailand | Deputy prime minister | Anutin Charnvirakul | 10 July 2019
Phumtham Wechayachai | 1 September 2023
Patcharawat Wongsuwon
Pirapan Salirathavibhaga
Suriya Juangroongruangkit | 27 April 2024
Pichai Chunhavajira
Prasert Chantararuangthong | 3 September 2024
Tonga | Deputy prime minister | Vacant (since 10 August 2022) | N/A
Tuvalu | Deputy prime minister | Minute Alapati Taupo | 20 September 2019
Uganda | Deputy prime minister | Rebecca Kadaga
Moses Ali
Lukia Isanga Nakadama | June 2021
Ukraine | Deputy prime minister | Yulia Svyrydenko | November 2021
United Arab Emirates | Deputy prime minister | Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Maktoum bin Mohammed Al Maktoum |
United Kingdom | Deputy prime minister | Angela Rayner | 5 July 2024
Uzbekistan | Deputy prime ministers | Zulayho Mahkamova, Jamshid Qochqorov, Ochilboy Ramatov, Jamshid Xojayev |
Vanuatu | Deputy prime minister | Ishmael Kalsakau[10] | 21 April 2020
Vietnam | First Deputy prime minister  | Nguyễn Hòa Bình | 26 August 2024
Deputy prime minister | Trần Hồng Hà | 5 January 2023
Lê Thành Long | 6 June 2024
Hồ Đức Phớc | 26 August 2024
Bùi Thanh Sơn
Yemen | Deputy prime minister | Vacant (since 2022) | N/A

## Position abolished

[edit]

* Deputy Prime Minister of Bangladesh
* Deputy Prime Minister of Burundi
* Deputy Prime Minister of Cameroon
* Deputy Prime Minister of France
* Deputy Prime Minister of Gabon
* Deputy Prime Minister of Grenada
* Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia
* Deputy Prime Minister of Kenya
* Deputy Prime Minister of Libya
* Deputy to the Prime Minister of Norway
* Deputy Prime Minister of Suriname
* Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
* Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Steven Barnes, 'What About Me? Deputy Prime Ministership in New Zealand', Political Science, Vol. 61, No. 1, 2009, pp. 33-49
2. ^ Article 110.2 of the Constitution of Russian Federation
3. ^ Article 114 of the Constitution of Ukraine
4. ^ "Article 25 of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Government of Russian Federation" from December 17, 1997". Constitution.garant.ru. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
5. ^ "Article 8 of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Government of Russian Federation". Constitution.garant.ru. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
6. ^ "eSwantini appoints King Mswati's daughter as ICT Minister". Africanews. 2018-11-04. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
7. ^ "Myanmar Junta Reshuffles Governing Body". The Irrawaddy. 2 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
8. ^ "Myanmar Junta Leader Reshuffles Cabinet Days After Extending Emergency Rule". The Irrawaddy. 4 August 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
9. ^ "Maelanga appointed Solomons' deputy PM". RNZ. 2019-11-01. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
10. ^ "Vanuatu's new PM appoints his new Cabinet". RNZ. 2020-04-21. Retrieved 2020-11-19.

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