Dewan of Mysore

The prime minister of the Kingdom of Mysore

Dewan of the Kingdom of Mysore

ದಿವಾನರು
Style| The Honourable Dewan Bahadur
Status| Abolished
Reports to| Maharaja of Mysore
Seat| Mysore, Kingdom of Mysore
Appointer| Maharaja of Mysore
Term length| 4 years or at the pleasure of the Maharaja
Precursor| Dalvoy
Formation| 1782
First holder| K. Purnaiah
Final holder| Sir A.R. Mudaliar
Abolished| 1950
Succession| Chief Minister of Mysore

The dewan of Mysore (sometimes spelled diwan) was the de facto chief executive officer of the Government of Mysore (now Government of Karnataka), ex officio chairman of the Dewan's Council (now Cabinet), and the prime minister and royal adviser to the maharaja of Mysore. The role evolved in title and duties since the foundation of the fiefdom of Mysore in 1350 and its proper reformation into a kingdom in the following centuries until the kingdom's full abolishment in 1950. With the constitution of India into a republic in 1950, the position was replaced by Chief Minister of Mysore (later renamed Chief Minister of Karnataka).[1]

From offering minor political advice to the monarch as amatya (Sanskrit for minister) like in the Vijayanagara Empire to later acting as a major military chieftain as dalvoy[2] (Kannada for military chief) like in other southern kingdoms to being the head of the government as dewan (Persian/Urdu for accountant or chief adviser) like in the Ottoman Empire, the role has transmuted in powers over time.

From being handpicked by the monarch to being elected through popular suffrage, the mode of appointment and appointer also changed.

This article is part of a series about the kingdom of Mysore

* Kingdom of Mysore
* Mysore State
* Karnataka

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Ruling families

* Wadiyar dynasty

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Ruling titles

* Maharaja of Mysore

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Capitals

* Mysore
* Srirangapatna
* Bangalore (Summer residence)

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Overlords

* Vijayanagara Empire (1399–1646)
* British Raj (1857–1947)
* Indian Union (1947–1950)

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Prime ministers

* Dewan of Mysore

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Alliance

* French Kingdom
* British Raj

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Related

* * *

Famous leaders

* Krishnaraja Wodeyar III
* Chamarajendra Wadiyar X
* Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV
* Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar
* Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar
* Kempananjammanni Devi
* Tipu
* M. Visvesvaraya
* Mirza Ismail

Arts and culture during Mysore Kingdom

* Mysore painting
* Mysorean culture
* Mysore Yoga
* Mysore society
* Mysore literature in Kannada
* Musicians of the kingdom of Mysore
* Mysore Dasara
* Vijayadashami

Government

* Administration
* Economy
* Mysore Commission
* Vani Vilas Regency
* Golden Era of Mysore Kingdom

Famous events and moments

* Foundation
* Anglo-Mysore Wars
* Maratha–Mysore wars
* Invasion of Malabar
* Invasion of Chirakkal

Mysore Brand

* Mysore silk
* Mysore Incense
* Mysore Sandal Soap
* Mysore Sandalwood Oil
* Mysore Betels
* Mysore Jasmine
* Mysore Turban
* Mysore Paints, Mysore Inks
* Mysore Pak
* Mysore Rosewood Inlay
* Mysorean rockets

Mysore Kingdom landmarks

* Mysore Palace
* Mysore Zoo
* Krishna Raja Sagara
* Bangalore Town
* Mysore City
* List of Heritage Buildings in Mysore

Mysore era firms and organisations

* Mysore Paper Mills
* Mysore Railways
* Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited
* Shivanasamudra Hydro-Electricity Power Station
* State Bank of Mysore
* Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant
* Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

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## Formation and abolishment

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### Dalvoy

[edit]

Until the mid-18th century, the role of the monarch's adviser was known as dalvoy, also spelled as dalavay or dalvi, under the Wadiyars. The word dalvoy is a vernacular form of the Sanskrit word dalapati (commander-in-chief).

Owing to the deposition of Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar II by his own dalvoy Hyder Ali and his assumption as the supreme leader in 1761, until after Ali's son Tipu was briefly in that position, the role of dalvoy became abandoned.[3]

### Dewan

[edit]

After Ali's death in 1782, Tipu assumed absolute over Mysore and officially created the office of the Dewan of Mysore when he made his longtime childhood friend and his father's aide K. Purnaiah his adviser and a military strategist. Tipu considerably de-recognised the maharajas and the role of dewan was gradually ever more codified into government. The role as dewan became so popular under Tipu that later on, Princely India created the role and the title in their governments, such as Dewan of Kashmir, Travancore, Hyderabad, Baroda, Indore, etc.

After Tipu's death in 1799, British India installed Krishnaraja Wadiyar III as the maharaja.[4] The Wadiyars continued appointing to the role of dewan after resumption of power, starting with Purnaiah himself being continued.[5] Under the maharajas, it became one of the most venerable, esteemed, and celebrated leadership roles in princely India.[6]

### Chief minister

[edit]

In 1950, after the accession of the Kingdom of Mysore into the Republic of India, all titles and positions ascribed to the kingdom were abolished, including that of the dewan. It was replaced by Chief Minister of Mysore State, now renamed Chief Minister of Karnataka.[1]

The role as dewan remained active in Mysore through one sultan and four maharajas. There have been a total of 24 dewans and two acting dewans. Most dewans during the latter years were civil servants in the Indian Imperial Service or Mysore Police Service.

## Dewans

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Further information: List of Dewans of Mysore

The first Dewan of Mysore was K. Purnaiah selected by Tipu, who served almost three decades from 1782 to 1811 and two rulers.[7] The last dewan was A. R. Mudaliar under Maharaja Jayachamaraja Wadiyar, who served from 1946 to 1949. Other popular dewans of Mysore include C. V. Rungacharlu, K. Seshadri Iyer,[8] M. Visvesvaraya, M. Kantharaj Urs, and Mirza Ismail.

* K. Purnaiah, the first dewan of Mysore

* C. V. Rungacharlu, the 14th dewan of Mysore, who was instrumental in the Rendition of Mysore Act[9]

* A statue of K Sheshadri Iyer in Bangalore. He was the 15th dewan of Mysore and was instrumental in Bangalore's public infrastructure development[10]

* M Visvesvaraya's centenary postage stamp. He was the 19th dewan of Mysore and was key to making Mysore a modern state[11]

* Mirza Ismail, the 22nd dewan of Mysore, mentored by Dewan M. Visvesvaraya. He was a close confidant of Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV and helped thrive industries

* A. R. Mudaliar, the 24th and last dewan of Mysore

Many of the dewans are associated with several industrial, financial, public infrastructure, and educational initiatives undertaken during their terms. These initiatives include almost all works assigned by the king or undertaken by the dewans themselves. This includes activities like setting up and maintaining industries like dams for irrigation like hydroelectric power plants on the Shivanasamudra Falls and the Jog Falls in 1902, Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant in 1923, Krishna Raja Sagara in 1924, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited in 1940, Mysore Lamps, Mysore Chemical and Fertilisers Factory, Mysore Paper Mills, Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited, among others. Bangalore was the first city in India to get electric streetlights in 1905 under P. N. Krishnamurti.[12] The State Bank of Mysore was established in 1913 at M. Visvesvaraya's initiative.[13]

## See also

[edit]

* List of dewans of Mysore
* Chief Minister of Karnataka
* List of chief ministers of Karnataka
* List of dewans of Travancore
* List of dewans of Hyderabad

## References

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1. ^ a b The statesman's year-book : statistical and historical annual of the states of the world for the year 1957. S. H. Steinberg, Palgrave Connect (94th annual publication, rev. after official returns ed.). London: Macmillan. 1957. p. 186\. ISBN 978-0-230-27086-2. OCLC 609408233. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
2. ^ Dallapiccola, A. L. (July 1997). "Mysore royal Dasara. By Swami Sivapriyananda, photographs by Gajendra Singh Auwa pp. 160, 137 col. illus. New Delhi, Abhinav Publications, 1995. Rs 1800". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 7 (2): 306–307\. doi:10.1017/s1356186300009044. ISSN 1356-1863. S2CID 162104644.
3. ^ Sivramkrishna, Sashi (2005). The curse of Talakad : resituating and recontextualizing a legend in history. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. p. 42\. ISBN 81-291-0836-4. OCLC 63164586.
4. ^ SARMAH, DIPAK (5 February 2020). "4". FORESTRY IN INDIA DURING BRITISH ERA: KARNATAKA CASE-STUDY. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-64783-681-8.
5. ^ Bhargava, Moti Lal (1970). History of Modern India. Upper India Publishing House. p. 261.
6. ^ Rao, H S Gururaja (2014). My Life, My Profession. S.l.: Lulu Publishing Services. ISBN 978-1-4834-1065-4. OCLC 1152239695.
7. ^ Others, Muzaffar H. Syed & (20 February 2022). History of Indian Nation : Medieval India. K. K. Publications. p. 352.
8. ^ Office, Great Britain India (1913). East India [Progress and Condition] Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress and Condition of India.
9. ^ D'Souza, Radha (2006). Interstate disputes over Krishna waters : law, science and imperialism. New Delhi: Orient Longman. p. 147\. ISBN 81-250-2910-9. OCLC 71801074.
10. ^ Bharadwaj, Arun (20 June 2016). Seen & Unseen Bangalore. Notion Press. ISBN 978-93-86073-18-1.
11. ^ "In the Public Eye". The Hindustan Review. Vol. 35\. 1917. pp. 68–76.
12. ^ Bengaluru, Bangalore, Bengaluru : imaginations and their times. Narendar Pani, Sindhu Radhakrishna, Kishor G. Bhat. Los Angeles: SAGE. 2010. p. 117\. ISBN 978-81-321-0543-5. OCLC 646068509.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
13. ^ Rao, V. S. Narayana (1973). Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya: His Life and Work. Geetha Book House.

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Mysore topics

History|

* Wodeyar dynasty
* Maharaja of Mysore
* List
* Kingdom of Mysore
* Chamarajendra Wodeyar X
* Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV
* Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar
* Srikantadatta Wodeyar
* Yaduveer Wodeyar
* Dewan of Mysore
* List
* Mysore State

Places|

* Mysore Airport
* Mysore Zoo
* Srikantadatta Narasimha Raja Wadeyar Ground
* Mysore Race Course
* Town Hall
* Dufferin Clock Tower

Tourist attractions|

| Palaces|

* Mysore Palace
* Jaganmohan Palace
* Lalitha Mahal
* Rajendra Vilas
* Jayalakshmi Vilas

|

Museums|

* Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts
* Regional Museum of Natural History
* Folklore Museum
* Rail Museum
* Oriental Research Institute

Religious buildings|

* Chamundi Temple
* St. Philomena's Cathedral

Art and culture|

* Mysore painting
* Ganjifa
* Mysore silk
* Mysore Dasara
* Mysore yoga

Civic administration|

* Mysore City Corporation

Cuisine|

* Mysore pak
* Masala dosa

Educational institutions|

* University of Mysore

Lakes|

* Hebbal Lake
* Karanji Lake
* Kukkarahalli Lake
* Lingambudhi Lake

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