Digital Domain

American visual effects company

This article is about the VFX company. For the audio mastering studio, Digital Domain Mastering, see Bob Katz. For digital domain, as opposed to analogue domain, see digital.

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Digital Domain

Company type| Private
Industry| Motion picture
Founded| 1993; 31 years ago (1993)
Founders| James Cameron
Scott Ross
Stan Winston
Headquarters|

Playa Vista, Los Angeles, California

United States

Key people

| Daniel Seah (CEO)
Services|

* Visual effects
* Advertising
* Virtual actor

Owner| Digital Domain Holdings Limited
Website| digitaldomain.com

Digital Domain (also known as Digital Domain Media Group or DDMG) is a global visual effects and digital production company headquartered in Playa Vista, Los Angeles, California.

Digital Domain produced effects for more than 500 films, including Dante's Peak, Titanic, Apollo 13, What Dreams May Come, The Fifth Element, Armageddon, Star Trek: Nemesis and The Day After Tomorrow.

The company is known for creating digital imagery for feature films, episodics, advertising and games, and virtual and immersive experiences from its nine locations across North America and Asia in Los Angeles, Vancouver, Montreal, Hyderabad, Luxembourg, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong.[1]

## History

[edit]

The company was founded by film director James Cameron, Stan Winston and Scott Ross in 1993. They began producing visual effects in 1993 with its first three films, True Lies, Interview with the Vampire, and Color of Night, being released in 1994.

From the film Stealth: the fictional F/A-37 Talon on USS Abraham Lincoln.

### Early 2000s

[edit]

In October 2002, Digital Domain launched a wholly owned subsidiary, D2 Software, Inc., to market and distribute its Academy Award-winning compositing software, Nuke.[2]

In 2002–2003, Digital Domain co-produced its first feature film, Secondhand Lions, written and directed by Tim McCanlies and starring Michael Caine, Robert Duvall, Haley Joel Osment, and Kyra Sedgwick.[3][4]

The founders were known for feuding, principally due to internal conflicts over the film Titanic.[citation needed] Founder Scott Ross announced plans to raise $100 million in financing to become more active as a production company.[5] This plan never materialized, forcing management to seek a buyer of the company.

### 2006–present

[edit]

In May 2006, Digital Domain was purchased by an affiliate of Wyndcrest Holdings, LLC, a private holding company. Wyndcrest's principals then included founder John Textor, director Michael Bay, former Microsoft executive Carl Stork and former NFL player and sports television commentator Dan Marino.[6] The buyers purchased the company for an estimated $35 million. Textor and Bay would become co-chairman of Digital Domain and Stork was named CEO.

In 2007, Wyndcrest also acquired The Foundry which was tasked with taking over the development of Nuke. The Foundry was subject to a management buy-out in 2009.[7]

In 2011, Digital Domain Media Group entered into the film production business with a major investment into the feature film Ender's Game, which was a co-production with OddLot Entertainment and Summit Entertainment. The film was released November 1, 2013.[8]

In November 2011, DDMG took the company public through an initial public offering (IPO), and the company was listed on the NYSE under the symbol DDMG, achieving a market valuation of more than $400 million.[9]

In 2012, subsidiary Digital Domain created a virtual likeness of the late rap star Tupac Shakur for Dr. Dre's and Snoop Dogg's show at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. The performance earned Textor's studio the Titanium Award at the 59th annual Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity.[10][11] Digital Domain also announced that the company would create virtual Elvis Presley in partnership with CORE Media Group.[12]

In 2015, the UFC hired Digital Domain to create a commercial series for their UFC 189 event.[13]

In 2016, the Pokémon Company hired Digital Domain to create the visual effects for their "Train On" Super Bowl ad, released to celebrate the Pokémon series' 20th anniversary.[14]

In 2017, Voltron Chronicles, a VR game Digital Domain co-developed with Universal based on Netflix's Voltron Legendary Defender, went live. Fans can play this game on PSVR, Oculus Rift and HTC Vive for $15.[15]

In 2018, Digital Domain celebrated its 25th anniversary while announcing the opening of its second Canadian studio in Montreal, Quebec.[16]

In 2019, Digital Domain Head of Software and virtual avatar DigiDoug presented a talk during TED2019 as the first digital human to give a TED Talk in real-time.[17]

In 2020, Digital Domain introduced Masquerade 2.0, the next iteration of its in-house facial capture system, rebuilt from the ground up to bring feature film-quality characters to next-gen games, episodics and commercials.[18] Masquerade 2.0 uses the same tech that was utilized to create Thanos in Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame. The development allows the technology to be applied to smaller projects, bringing the full depth and emotion of an actor’s performance to any screen.[19]

In 2021, Digital Domain utilized its new proprietary face-swapping tool, Charlatan, to create a realistic hologram/digital human combination of Vince Lombardi for Super Bowl LV.[20]

In 2022, Digital Domain announced “Zoey,” the world’s most advanced autonomous virtual human.[21] Powered by machine learning and created using an advanced version of the technology and process that helped bring Thanos to the big screen, the photorealistic Zoey can engage in conversations with multiple participants at once, remember people, access the internet to answer questions and more, paving the way for the next step in the evolution of AI.

### Digital Humans Group

[edit]

The company has a sub-division called New Media Group, which is currently led by Hanno Basse, the Chief Technology Officer. This sub-division provides machine learning-based scanning and digitization services to create immersive experiences for any screen.The process involves two programs called Masquerade and Direct Drive, which use high-resolution scans and motion capture technology. The data generated by these programs can be mapped and animated to create compelling visual experiences.[22]

## Financial difficulties

[edit]

In 2009, Digital Domain parent company DDMG launched Tradition Studios in Florida to develop and produce original, family-oriented CG animated features. The studio moved on January 3, 2012, to a new 115,000-square-foot (10,700 m2) facility in Port St. Lucie, built with the city's incentives.[23] The studio attracted a number of creators, including Aaron Blaise, the director of Brother Bear, and Brad Lewis, co-director of Cars 2, who together were developing an animated feature film The Legend of Tembo for a planned 2014 release.[24][25][26][27]

In November 2011, DDMG completed a successful IPO capital raise for $40 million. Textor's Florida expansion plans did not overcome the continuing negative cash flow of Digital Domain's primary visual effects business. In the summer of 2011, Lydian Private Bank failed.[28] As DDMG's principal lender and major shareholder, this had a major impact during the peak of DDMG's capital consumption. Lydian's sizable stake was sold to a hedge fund affiliated with Florida Power & Light which was then traded to hedge fund and lender Tenor Capital. Tenor Capital engaged in heavy short-selling of DDMG's publicly listed stock as a strategy to pull cash proceeds from the daily trading of DDMG stock. [citation needed]

Once considered critical funding for the future of DDMG, the IPO became the vehicle by which hedge funds could prevent the company from accessing capital while profiting from the decline in DDMG's stock price.[29] Tenor became a stakeholder in DDMG in early May 2012, with DDMG stock price trading at an all-time high,[30] but DDMG would soon be unable to access the cash needed to fund its Venice operations and its Florida studio growth.[31] Documents and emails demonstrate that Digital Domain senior management believed they had options to put cash into the company. However, Tenor Capital had significant weight as a chief lender and, according to Palm Beach Capital and the Tenor strategy, may have been shorting DDMG stock to profit from its failure.[32]

When a deal to fund the company failed on July 31, Tenor Capital cited a violation of a minimum cash covenant and demanded $51 million on August 20 as repayment for its $35 million loan made four months earlier.[29] The lenders appointed Mike Katzenstein as interim chief operating officer of the company who acted without conferring with DDMG senior management,[29] deciding to close the Florida studio, causing Chairman John Textor to submit a letter of resignation "in profound disagreement" with this decision.[33]

On September 7, 2012, it was announced that all of DDMG's Port St. Lucie's operations—including Tradition Studios—were to be shut down, laying off nearly 300 newly trained and recruited employees.[34]

### Bankruptcy, Financial Restructuring, and Lawsuits

[edit]

On September 11, 2012, Digital Domain Media Group Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after the company's hedge fund lenders alleged the company defaulted on a minimum cash covenant relating to a $35 million loan. DDMG's lenders proposed a deal to sell its operating businesses–Digital Domain and Mothership—to a private investment firm, Searchlight Capital Partners, for $15 million. At the public auction on September 21, 2012, Digital Domain's visual effects business and its principal animation feature film properties were instead acquired by a joint venture led by a leading DDMG shareholder Beijing Galloping Horse America, LLC in partnership with Reliance MediaWorks (USA) The sale was approved on September 24, 2012.[35]

In July 2013, approximately nine months after Digital Domain filed for bankruptcy, the majority ownership was acquired by Hong Kong listed public company Sun Innovation. This acquisition placed an approximate $3.5 billion valuation on Digital Domain, with Reliance MediaWorks continuing to own the minority stake. Daniel Seah was appointed CEO.[36] Seah spearheaded the bankruptcy acquisition and protection of Digital Domain by DDMG shareholder Beijing Galloping Horse America, LLC.

The bankruptcy and financial restructuring of Digital Domain triggered a number of lawsuits naming John Textor, former Apple CEO John Sculley and the entire Board of Directors, the auditors and others involved in the business and in the IPO offering.[37][38][39][40]

In February 2015, the Supreme Court of New York and the Inspector General of the State of Florida cleared Textor of any financial wrongdoing,[41][42] and The Athletic reported that he had received a settlement from the hedge fund that caused the collapse.[43][44]

Palm Beach Capital, the largest investor in DDMG, identified hedge funds, Tenor Capital et al., as the primary cause of the company's difficulties. Palm Beach Capital cited unlawful finance penalties and possible illegal short selling strategies designed to damage the company's public stock price.[45][46] Ultimately, the hedge fund lenders agreed to settle outstanding claims by the DDMG parties through a May 2016 settlement agreement awarding $8.5 million to former CEO John Textor and $3 million each to the city of Port Saint Lucie and the state of Florida.[47] The settlement also assigned all technology assets of Digital Domain's Florida studio.

## Filmography

[edit]

### Films - 1990s

[edit]

Year  | Films  | Director(s)  | Studio(s) and distributor(s)  | Budget  | Gross

|
|
|
|
|

1994  | Color of Night | Richard Rush |

* Hollywood Pictures

| $40 million  | $46.7 million
True Lies | James Cameron |

* 20th Century Fox
* Lightstorm Entertainment

| $100–120 million  | $378.9 million
Interview with the Vampire | Neil Jordan |

* Warner Bros. Pictures

| $60 million  | $223.7 million
1995  | Apollo 13 | Ron Howard | Universal Pictures
Imagine Entertainment  | $52 million  | $355.2 million
Strange Days | Kathryn Bigelow |

* Lightstorm Entertainment
* 20th Century Fox

| $42 million  | $17 million
1996  | Sgt. Bilko | Jonathan Lynn | Universal Pictures
Imagine Entertainment  | $39 million  | $7 million
Chain Reaction | Andrew Davis | 20th Century Fox  | $50 million  | $60.2 million
The Island of Dr. Moreau | John Frankenheimer | New Line Cinema  | $40 million  | $49.6 million
1997  | Dante's Peak | Roger Donaldson | Universal Pictures  | $116 million  | $178.1 million
The Fifth Element | Luc Besson | Gaumont | $90 million  | $263.9 million
Red Corner | Jon Avnet | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | $48 million  | $22 million
Titanic | James Cameron  | 20th Century Fox
Paramount Pictures
Lightstorm Entertainment  | $200 million  | $2.264 billion
Kundun | Martin Scorsese | Touchstone Pictures | $28 million  | $5.7 million
1998  | Armageddon | Michael Bay | Touchstone Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer Films | $140 million  | $553.7 million
What Dreams May Come | Vincent Ward | Polygram Filmed Entertainment | $85‒90 million  | $75.4 million
1999  | EDtv | Ron Howard | Universal Pictures
Imagine Entertainment  | $80 million  | $35.2 million
Lake Placid | Steve Miner | 20th Century Fox | $27–35 million  | $56.9 million
Fight Club | David Fincher | $63–65 million  | $101.2 million

### Films - 2000s

[edit]

Year  | Films  | Director(s)  | Studio(s) and distributor(s)  | Budget  | Gross

|
|
|
|
|

2000  | Supernova | Walter Hill
Uncredited:
Jack Sholder
Francis Ford Coppola | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | $60–90 million  | $14.8 million
Rules of Engagement | William Friedkin | Paramount Pictures | $60 million  | $71.7 million
O Brother, Where Art Thou? | Joel and Ethan Coen | Touchstone Pictures
Universal Pictures
StudioCanal | $26 million  | $71.9 million
X-Men | Bryan Singer | 20th Century Fox | $75 million  | $296.3 million
Red Planet | Antony Hoffman  | Warner Bros. Pictures | $80 million  | $33.5 million
How the Grinch Stole Christmas | Ron Howard | Universal Pictures
Imagine Entertainment  | $123 million  | $345.8 million
2001  | The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring | Peter Jackson | New Line Cinema | $93 million  | $898.2 million
Vanilla Sky | Cameron Crowe | Paramount Pictures
Summit Entertainment | $68 million  | $203.4 million
A Beautiful Mind | Ron Howard | Universal Pictures
DreamWorks Pictures
Imagine Entertainment  | $58 million  | $316.8 million
2002  | We Were Soldiers | Randall Wallace | Paramount Pictures | $75 million  | $115.4 million
The Time Machine | Simon Wells | DreamWorks Pictures
Warner Bros. Pictures | $80 million  | $123.7 million
xXx | Rob Cohen | Revolution Studios | $88.3 million  | $277.4 million
Adaptation | Spike Jonze | Columbia Pictures | $19 million  | $32.8 million
Star Trek: Nemesis | Stuart Baird | Paramount Pictures  | $60 million  | $67.3 million
2003  | Daredevil | Mark Steven Johnson | 20th Century Fox  | $78 million  | $179.2 million
Willard | Glen Morgan | New Line Cinema  | TBA  | $8.5 million
The Italian Job | F. Gary Gray | Paramount Pictures | $60 million  | $176.1 million
Secondhand Lions | Tim McCanlies | New Line Cinema  | $30 million  | $48.3 million
Looney Tunes: Back in Action | Joe Dante | Warner Bros. Pictures | $80 million  | $68.5 million
The Missing | Ron Howard | Columbia Pictures
Revolution Studios
Imagine Entertainment  | $60 million  | $38.4 million
Peter Pan | P.J. Hogan | Universal Pictures
Columbia Pictures
Revolution Studios  | $130 million  | $122 million
2004  | The Day After Tomorrow | Roland Emmerich | 20th Century Fox
Lionsgate | $125 million  | $552.6 million
I, Robot | Alex Proyas | 20th Century Fox  | $120 million  | $353.1 million
Flight of the Phoenix | John Moore | $45-75 million  | $34.5 million
2005  | Cinderella Man | Ron Howard | Touchstone Pictures
Universal Pictures
Miramax
Imagine Entertainment  | $88 million  | $108.5 million
Dark Water | Walter Salles | Touchstone Pictures  | TBA  | $44.4–49.5 million
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory | Tim Burton | Warner Bros. Pictures | $150 million  | $475.8 million
Stealth | Rob Cohen | Columbia Pictures  | $135 million  | $79.3 million
Æon Flux | Karyn Kusama | Paramount Pictures
Lakeshore Entertainment | $55-62 million  | $52.3 million
2006  | My Super Ex-Girlfriend | Ivan Reitman | 20th Century Fox | $30 million  | $61.1 million
Zoom | Peter Hewitt | Columbia Pictures
Revolution Studios | $75.6 million  | $12.5 million
The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning | Johnathan Liebesman | New Line Cinema | $16 million  | $51.8 million
Flags of Our Fathers | Clint Eastwood | DreamWorks Pictures
Warner Bros. Pictures
Paramount Pictures
Amblin Entertainment  | $90 million  | $65.9 million
Letters from Iwo Jima | $19 million  | $68.7 million
The Nativity Story | Catherine Hardwicke | New Line Cinema  | $35 million  | $46.4 million
2007  | The Hitcher | Dave Meyers | Rogue Pictures | $10 million  | $25.4 million
Zodiac | David Fincher | Warner Bros. Pictures
Paramount Pictures  | $65–85 million  | $84.7 million
Meet the Robinsons | Stephen Anderson | Walt Disney Pictures | $150 million  | $169.3 million
Pirates of The Caribbean: At World's End | Gore Verbinski | Walt Disney Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer Films | $300 million  | $963.4 million
We Own the Night | James Gray | Columbia Pictures | $21–28 million  | $55.3 million
Transformers | Michael Bay | DreamWorks Pictures
Paramount Pictures  | $150–200 million  | $709.7 million
The Seeker | David L. Cunningham | 20th Century Fox  | $45 million  | $31.8 million
The Golden Compass | Chris Weitz | New Line Cinema  | $180 million  | $372.2 million
2008  | Jumper | Doug Liman | 20th Century Fox  | $85 million  | $225.1 million
Speed Racer | The Wachowskis | Warner Bros. Pictures | $120 million  | $93.9 million
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor | Rob Cohen | Universal Pictures | $145 million  | $403.4 million
Gran Torino | Clint Eastwood | Warner Bros. Pictures  | $25–33 million  | $270 million
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button | David Fincher | Warner Bros. Pictures
Paramount Pictures  | $150–167 million  | $335.8 million
2009  | Star Trek | J.J. Abrams | Paramount Pictures
Spyglass Entertainment | $150 million  | $385.7 million
Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian | Shawn Levy | 20th Century Fox | $150 million  | $413.1 million
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen | Michael Bay | Paramount Pictures
DreamWorks Pictures  | $200–210 million  | $836.5 million
G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra | Stephen Sommers | Paramount Pictures
Spyglass Entertainment  | $175 million  | $302.5 million
2012 | Roland Emmerich | Columbia Pictures  | $200 million  | $791.2 million

### Films - 2010s

[edit]

Year  | Films  | Director(s)  | Studio(s) and distributor(s)  | Budget  | Gross

|
|
|
|
|

2010  | Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief | Chris Columbus | 20th Century Fox | $95 million  | $226.4 million
The A-Team | Joe Carnahan | $100–110 million  | $177.2 million
Tron: Legacy | Joseph Kosinski | Walt Disney Pictures | $170 million  | $400.1 million
2011  | Thor | Kenneth Branagh | Marvel Studios
Paramount Pictures | $150 million  | $449.3 million
X-Men: First Class | Matthew Vaughn | 20th Century Fox  | $140–160 million  | $353.6 million
Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Michael Bay | Paramount Pictures  | $195 million  | $1.124 billion
The Help | Tate Taylor | DreamWorks Pictures | $25 million  | $216.6 million
Fright Night | Craig Gillespie | $30 million  | $41 million
Real Steel | Shawn Levy | $110 million  | $299.3 million
Killer Elite | Gary McKendry | Open Road Films | $70 million  | $56.4 million
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo | David Fincher | Columbia Pictures
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | $90 million  | $239.3 million
2012  | Journey 2: The Mysterious Island | Brad Peyton | New Line Cinema | $80 million  | $335 million
The Avengers | Joss Whedon | Marvel Studios
Paramount Pictures  | $220–225 million  | $1.519 billion
The Paperboy | Lee Daniels | Millennium Media | $12.5 million  | $3.78 million
The Amazing Spider-Man | Marc Webb | Columbia Pictures | $200–230 million  | $758 million
Rock of Ages | Adam Shankman | New Line Cinema | $75 million  | $59.4 million
The Watch | Akiva Schaffer | 20th Century Fox  | $68 million  | $68.3 million
2013  | Jack the Giant Slayer | Bryan Singer | New Line Cinema
Legendary Pictures | $185–200 million  | $197 million
G.I. Joe: Retaliation | Jon M. Chu | Paramount Pictures
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Skydance Media | $130-155 million  | $375.7 million
Oblivion | Joseph Kosinski | Universal Pictures | $120 million  | $287.9 million
Iron Man 3 | Shane Black | Marvel Studios
Paramount Pictures  | $200 million  | $1.215 billion
Her | Spike Jonze | Warner Bros. Pictures
Annapurna Pictures | $23 million  | $48.3 million
Ender's Game | Gavin Hood | Summit Entertainment | $110–115 million  | $125.5 million
47 Ronin | Carl Rinsch | Universal Pictures  | $175–225 million  | $151.8 million
2014  | X-Men: Days of Future Past | Bryan Singer  | 20th Century Fox | $200–205 million  | $746 million
Lost River | Ryan Gosling | Warner Bros. Pictures | TBA  | $615,500
Maleficent | Robert Stromberg | Walt Disney Pictures | $180–263 million  | $758.5 million
Into the Storm | Steven Quale | New Line Cinema  | $50 million  | $161.7 million
Gone Girl | David Fincher | 20th Century Fox  | $61 million  | $369.3 million
Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb | Shawn Levy | $127 million  | $363.2 million
2015  | Blackhat | Michael Mann | Universal Pictures
Legendary Pictures | $70 million  | $19.7 million
Furious 7 | James Wan | Universal Pictures | $190 million  | $1.515 billion
Pixels | Chris Columbus | Columbia Pictures | $88–129 million  | $244.9 million
Eye in the Sky | Gavin Hood | Entertainment One | $13 million  | $35.4 million
2016  | Deadpool | Tim Miller | 20th Century Fox | $58 million  | $782.8 million
Everybody Wants Some!! | Richard Linklater | Paramount Pictures
Annapurna Pictures | $10 million  | $5.4 million
The Huntsmen: Winter's War | Cedric Nicolas-Troyan | Universal Pictures | $115 million  | $165 million
The Jungle Book | Jon Favreau | Walt Disney Pictures | $175–177 million  | $966.6 million
X-Men: Apocalypse | Bryan Singer | 20th Century Fox  | $178 million  | $543.9 million
Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping | Akiva Schaffer
Jorma Taccone | Universal Pictures  | $20 million  | $9.7 million
Independence Day: Resurgence | Roland Emmerich | 20th Century Fox  | $165 million  | $389.7 million
Free State of Jones | Gary Ross | STX Entertainment | $50 million  | $25 million
Suicide Squad | David Ayer | Warner Bros. Pictures
DC Films | $175 million  | $749.2 million
All I See Is You | Marc Forster | Open Road Films | $30 million  | $678,150
Passengers | Morten Tyldum | Columbia Pictures | $110–150 million  | $303.1 million
2017  | Beauty and the Beast | Bill Condon | Walt Disney Pictures | $160–255 million  | $1.266 billion
Power Rangers | Dean Israelite | Lionsgate | $100‒105 million  | $142.5 million
The Fate of the Furious | F. Gary Gray | Universal Pictures | $250–270 million  | $1.236 billion
The Mummy | Alex Kurtzman | $125–195 million  | $410 million
Spider-Man: Homecoming | Jon Watts | Columbia Pictures
Marvel Studios | $175 million  | $880.2 million
Thor: Rangarok | Taika Waititi | Marvel Studios  | $180 million  | $865 million
2018  | Black Panther | Ryan Coogler | $200 million  | $1.349 billion
A Wrinkle in Time | Ava DuVernay | Walt Disney Pictures  | $100–130 million  | $133.2 million
Ready Player One | Steven Spielberg | Warner Bros. Pictures | $155–175 million  | $607.9 million
Avengers: infinity War | Anthony and Joe Russo | Marvel Studios  | $325–400 million  | $2.052 billion
Ant-Man and the Wasp | Peyton Reed | $130–195 million  | $622.7 million
Hidden Man | Jiang Wen | Gravity Pictures  | TBA  | $85 million
Shadow | Zhang Yimou | Tencent Pictures
Well Go USA Entertainment | TBA  | $91.7 million
Aquaman | James Wan | Warner Bros. Pictures
DC Films  | $160–200 million  | $1.152 billion
Hello Mr. Billionaire | Fei Yan
Damo Peng  | Alibaba Pictures | TBA  | $367 million
Taxiwaala | Rahul Sankrityan  | GA2 Pictures | ₹42 crore
2.0 | S. Shankar | Lyca Productions
AA Films | ₹400–600 crore  | ₹699.89 crore
2019  | NTR: Kathanayakudu | Krish Jagarlamudi | Vaaraahi Chalana Chitram | ₹50 crore  | ₹32 crore
Captain Marvel | Anna Boden and Ryan Fleck | Marvel Studios  | $152–175 million  | $1.131 billion
The Curse of La Llorona | Michael Chaves | New Line Cinema | $9 million  | $123.1 million
Shazam! | David F. Sandberg | New Line Cinema
DC Films  | $90–100 million  | $367.8 million
Avengers: Endgame | Anthony and Joe Russo  | Marvel Studios  | $356–400 million  | $2.799 billion
Terminator: Dark Fate | Tim Miller | Paramount Pictures
20th Century Fox
Skydance Media
Tencent Pictures
Lightstorm Entertainment  | $185–196 million  | $261.1 million
Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy | Surender Reddy | Excel Entertainment
AA Films | ₹200–300 crore  | $34.2 million

### Films - 2020s

[edit]

Year  | Films  | Director(s)  | Studio(s) and distributor(s)  | Budget  | Gross

|
|
|
|
|

2020  | The Rescue | Dante Lam | Tencent Pictures
Bona Film Group | $90 million  | $74.9 million
Sonic the Hedgehog | Jeff Fowler | Paramount Pictures | $85–90 million  | $319.7 million
Stargirl | Julia Hart | Walt Disney Pictures | TBA  | N/A
Children of the Corn | Kurt Wimmer | RLJE Films | TBA  | $575,179
2021  | Chaos Walking | Doug Liman | Lionsgate | $100–125 million  | $27.1 million
Black Widow | Cate Shortland | Marvel Studios | $288.5 million  | $379.8 million
After Yang | Kogonada | A24
Showtime | $9–20 million  | $729,254
Free Guy | Shawn Levy | 20th Century Studios | $100–125 million  | $331.5 million
Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings | Destin Daniel Cretton | Marvel Studios | $150–200 million  | $432.2 million
Dune | Denis Villeneuve | Warner Bros. Pictures
Legendary Pictures | $165 million  | $434.8 million
West Side Story | Steven Spielberg | 20th Century Studios
Amblin Entertainment | $100 million  | $76 million
Spider-Man: No Way Home | Jon Watts | Columbia Pictures
Marvel Studios  | $200 million  | $1.922 billion
2022  | The Adam Project | Shawn Levy  | Netflix
Skydance Media | $116 million  | TBA
Morbius | Daniel Espinosa | Columbia Pictures | $75–83 million  | $167.5 million
RRR | S. S. Rajamouli | DVV Entertainments
Pen Studios | ₹400 crore  | ₹1,387.26 crore
Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore | David Yates | Warner Bros. Pictures | $200 million  | $407.2 million
Doctor Strange and the Multiverse of Madness | Sam Raimi | Marvel Studios  | $294.5 million  | $955.8 million
Thirteen Lives | Ron Howard | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Amazon Studios
Imagine Entertainment | $55 million  | N/A
Black Adam | Jaume Collet-Serra | New Line Cinema
DC Films | $190–260 million  | $393.5 million
Black Panther: Wakanda Forever | Ryan Coogler | Marvel Studios  | $200–250 million  | $859.2 million
Ordinary Hero | Tony Chan  | Alibaba Pictures | TBA  | N/A
2023  | Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania | Peyton Reed | Marvel Studios  | $276—327 million  | $476.1 million
The Mother | Niki Caro | Netflix | TBA  | N/A
Extraction 2 | Sam Hargrave
Hidden Strike | Scott Waugh | $80 million  | $917,381
Agent | Surendra Reddy | B4U Films  | ₹85 crores  | ₹8.5 crore
Ponniyin Selvan: II | Mani Ratnam | Madras Talkies
Lyca Productions
Red Giant Movies | $63 million  | ₹350 crore
Blue Beetle | Angel Manuel Soto | Warner Bros. Pictures
DC Studios | $104–125 million  | $130.8 million
The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds & Snakes | Francis Lawrence | Lionsgate | $100 million  | $388.1 million
2024  | Madame Web | S. J. Clarkson | Columbia Pictures | $80–100 million  | $91 million
Dune: Part Two | Denis Villeneuve | Warner Bros. Pictures
Legendary Pictures | $190 million  | $711.8 million
Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire | Adam Wingard | $135–150 million  | $570 million
Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes | Wes Ball | 20th Century Studios | $160 million  | $396.7 million

### Films - Upcoming

[edit]

Year  | Films  | Director(s)  | Studio(s) and distributor(s)  | Budget  | Gross

|
|
|
|
|

2024  | Venom: The Last Dance | Kelly Marcel | Columbia Pictures | $110 million  | TBA
Devara: Part 1 | Koratala Siva | N. T. R. Arts | ₹300 crore  | TBA
2025  | Blade | Yann Demange | Marvel Studios | TBA  | TBA

## Television series

[edit]

Year  | Title  | Network  | Ref.

|
|
|

2013–2020  | Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. | ABC  |
2015–2016  | Black Sails (seasons 2–3)  | Starz  |
2016–2020  | The Good Place | NBC  |
2017  | The Mist | Spike  |
Outlander | Starz  |
2018–2019  | A Series of Unfortunate Events (seasons 2–3)  | Netflix  |
2019–2020  | The Twilight Zone | CBS All Access  |
2019–2021  | Lost In Space (seasons 2–3)  | Netflix  |
2020–present  | Chuggington: Tales from the Rails | Disney Junior  |
2021  | WandaVision | Disney+  |
2022  | Ms. Marvel |
She-Hulk: Attorney at Law |
2023  | Citadel | Amazon Prime Video  |

## Awards

[edit]

### Film

[edit]

Year  | Award  | Title  | Result  | Ref.

|
|
|
|

1994  | Academy Award for Best Visual Effects  | True Lies | Nominated  |
1995  | Academy Award for Best Visual Effects  | Apollo 13 | Nominated  |
1997  | Academy Award for Best Visual Effects  | Titanic | Won  |
1998  | Academy Award for Best Visual Effects  | What Dreams May Come | Won  |
2004  | Academy Award for Best Visual Effects  | I, Robot | Nominated  |
2008  | Academy Award for Best Visual Effects  | The Curious Case of Benjamin Button | Won  | [48]
2011  | Academy Award for Best Visual Effects  | Real Steel | Nominated  |
2011  | Academy Award for Best Visual Effects  | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated  |

Digital Domain has also earned multiple British Academy (BAFTA) Awards for excellence in digital imagery and animation. [49]

### Design

[edit]

Year  | Award  | Recipients  | Title  | Ref.

|
|
|
|

1998  | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) Scientific and Technical Achievement Award  | Dr. Douglas R. Roble  | Track (tracking software)  | [50]
2001  | AMPAS Scientific and Technical Achievement Award  | Bill Spitzak, Paul Van Camp, Jonathan Egstad and Price Pethel  | Nuke (compositing software)  | [51]
2004  | AMPAS Scientific and Technical Achievement Award  | Alan Kapler  | Storm (volumetric renderer)  | [52]
2007  | AMPAS Scientific and Technical Achievement Award  | Dr. Douglas R. Roble, Nafees Bin Zafar and Ryo Sakaguchi  | Storm (fluid simulation system)  | [53]

### Awards

[edit]

Digital Domain artists and technologists have been recognized with ten Academy Awards: three for Best Visual Effects (Titanic, What Dreams May Come, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button); and seven for Scientific and Technical Achievement for its proprietary technology such as Track (tracking software), for Nuke (compositing software), for Storm (volumetric renderer), and for its fluid simulation system.[54]

The company's work has been nominated for eleven Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects (Apollo 13, True Lies, I, Robot, Real Steel,Transformers: Dark of the Moon, Iron Man 3, X-Men: Days of Future Past, Avengers: Infinity War, Ready Player One,Spider-Man: No Way Home, and Free Guy). In addition, its excellence in digital imagery and animation has earned Digital Domain multiple British Academy (BAFTA) Awards.[54]

Digital Domain's advertising division provides digital imagery and animation for television commercials, working with top commercial directors. To date, it has been awarded 21 Clio Awards, 25 AICP Awards, 15 Cannes Lion Awards and numerous other advertising honors.[49] The advertising division has also produced multiple music videos working with artists (including The Rolling Stones, Faith Hill, Creed, Janet Jackson, Busta Rhymes, Björk, Celine Dion, Michael Jackson and Nine Inch Nails) which have earned Grammy and MTV "Music Video of the Year" Awards.[55]

## See also

[edit]

* Industrial Light & Magic
* Sony Pictures Imageworks
* Wētā FX
* Wētā Workshop
* Blur Studio
* Cinesite
* Rhythm & Hues
* Framestore
* Moving Picture Company
* DNEG
* Image Engine
* Lego Alpha Team (video game)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "About | Digital Domain". 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
2. ^ "Digital Domain launches D2 Software, Inc". FX Guide. 9 October 2002. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
3. ^ "Expanding Horizons for Digital Domain and Stan Winston". Animation World Network. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
4. ^ "Secondhand Lions". IMDb.com. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
5. ^ Lubove, Seth (14 November 2005). "Sinking Ship". Forbes.
6. ^ "Digital Domain Hires Three Creative Senior Executives from Visual Effects Industry". Computer Graphics World. 2006-09-21. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
7. ^ Palmer, Maija (June 3, 2009). "The Foundry returns to former management". Archived from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
8. ^ Cieply, Michael (January 14, 2013). "A Movie Mogul Rising (Jan. 14, 2013)". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
9. ^ "Digital Domain Media Group IPO". October 23, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
10. ^ Richard Verrier (2012-06-25). "'Virtual 2Pac' image wins award for Digital Domain". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
11. ^ Kaitlyn Tiffany (2018-10-23). "No industry is weirder than the dead celebrity hologram industry". vox.com. Vox. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
12. ^ Suddath, Claire (April 16, 2012). "How Tupac Became a Hologram: Is Elvis Next". Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
13. ^ Bohn, Mike (May 22, 2015). "Dana White wants Aldo-McGregor to be 'everything Mayweather-Pacquiao was not'". Retrieved May 25, 2015.
14. ^ "Twitter". February 2, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
15. ^ "There's a VR game to go with Netflix's new 'Voltron' series". 30 August 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
16. ^ Caranicas, Peter (2018-12-15). "Visual Effects Studio Digital Domain to Open New Location Studio in Montreal". Variety. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
17. ^ Domain, Digital. "First Digital Human Gives Ted Talk In Real Time". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
18. ^ "Digital Domain Introduces Masquerade 2.0 Facial Capture System". Animation World Network. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
19. ^ "Masquerade Offline Capture | Technology | Digital Domain". 2020-05-03. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
20. ^ Miller2021-02-08T14:48:00+00:00, Max. "How the NFL created a digital Vince Lombardi for Superbowl LV". Broadcast. Retrieved 2024-03-15.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
21. ^ "Digital Domain Gives a Face to AI with 'Zoey,' the Most Advanced Autonomous Human Ever Created | | Digital Domain". 2022-05-06. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
22. ^ "Digital Humans Lab | Digital Domain". 2019-09-12. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
23. ^ Erazo, Christin (December 29, 2011). "Digital Domain ready to open its dazzling Tradition Studios | Photo Gallery". TCPalm. Retrieved December 30, 2011.
24. ^ Giardina, Carolyn (2011-06-29). "'Cars 2' Co-Director Brad Lewis Joining Digital Domain's Animation Studio". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2011-06-29.
25. ^ Giardina, Carolyn (2011-08-10). "Aaron Blaise and Chuck Williams will direct the film, currently in development". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2011-08-11.
26. ^ Howk, Alexi (2011-05-27). "Port St. Lucie's Digital Domain positioning itself to rival Disney, Pixar". tcpalm.com. Retrieved 2011-06-29.
27. ^ Howk, Alexi (August 11, 2011). "Digital Domain's Tradition Studios' 1st feature film to debut fall 2014 | Exclusive 1st look". TCPalm. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
28. ^ Ostrowski, Jeff. "Palm Beach-based Lydian Private Bank fails". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
29. ^ a b c Pfahler, Eric (September 8, 2013). "One year later — how Digital Domain collapsed and how John Textor hopes to regroup". Retrieved September 8, 2013.
30. ^ "zRange":"11","startDate":"2012-4-16","endDate":"2012-5-18","frequency":"d","chartStyle":"mountain","chartCursor":"1","scaleType":"0","yaxisAlign":"right","mode":"pan" "Digital Domain Media (OTCPK: DDMGQ)". MSN Money. Archived from "zRange":"11","startDate":"2012-4-16","endDate":"2012-5-18","frequency":"d","chartStyle":"mountain","chartCursor":"1","scaleType":"0","yaxisAlign":"right","mode":"pan" the original on 2014-02-26. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
31. ^ Seymour, Mike (June 17, 2013). "John Textor and what really happened inside Digital Domain Media Group?". Retrieved June 17, 2013.
32. ^ Kitchens, Susan (October 16, 2008). "The Convertible Arb Irony". Forbes. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
33. ^ "John Textor Letter of Resignation". September 7, 2013. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
34. ^ "Digital Domain Port St. Lucie facility closing: Nearly 300 employees laid off". WPTV News Channel 5. Port St. Lucie, Florida. WPTV. September 7, 2012. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
35. ^ Szalai, George (September 24, 2012). "China's Galloping Horse and India's Reliance MediaWorks Win Auction for Digital Domain". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
36. ^ "Digital Domain 3.0 Becomes Part of Sun Innovation". Press release. Digital Domain. July 27, 2013. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
37. ^ "Berman DeValerio Files Securities Class Action Lawsuit against Former Executives and Directors of Digital Domain Media Group, Inc". Business Wire. 20 September 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
38. ^ Howk, Scripps Treasure Coast Newspapers, Alexi. "Digital Domain lawsuits: Three suits accuse Digital Domain of lying about financial status". WPTV.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
39. ^ "Securities Class Action Lawsuit Filed Against Digital Domain Media Group, Inc.; Shareholders With Large Losses Encouraged to Contact Holzer Holzer & Fistel, LLC Regarding November 19th Lead Plaintiff Deadline". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
40. ^ "Former Digital Domain CEO & Auditors Sued For Fraud By Investors". Deadline.com. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
41. ^ "Supreme Court of New York Terminates Lawsuit against John Textor". prweb.com. Cision PR Web. 2021-08-21. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
42. ^ Review of the Economic Incentive Award to Digital Domain Media Group (PDF) (Report). Executive Office of the Governor. p. 2\. 2013-11. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
43. ^ Matt Slater (2021-07-10). "Crystal Palace takeover: Benfica arrests cast doubt over Textor's partnership plans". theathletic.com. The Athletic. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
44. ^ Tiffany, Kaitlyn (2018-10-23). "Amy Winehouse is going on tour: The dead celebrity hologram industry, explained". Vox. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
45. ^ "Dow Jones & Co. : Digital Domain Investor Palm Beach Capital Sues Over $25M Fee". Archived from the original on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2013-09-27.
46. ^ "Motion seeks to limit how much Digital Domain lenders should be paid back". The Stuart News and TC Palm. 2012-10-30.
47. ^ Rodriguez, Nicole. "Port St. Lucie, state each gets $3 million in Digital Domain settlement; Textor to get $8.5 million". Treasure Coast.
48. ^ Giardina, Carolyn (2009-02-23). "'Benjamin Button' is VFX's Holy Grail". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
49. ^ a b "Awards | About | Digital Domain". 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
50. ^ (Recipient) Roble, Dr. Douglas R. (1999-02-27). "1998 Scientific and Technical Academy Awards: Technical Achievement Awards". AMPAS. Archived from the original on 2007-12-08. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
51. ^ (Recipients) Spitzak, Bill; Paul Van Camp; Jonathan Egstad; and Price Pethel (2002-03-02). "2001 Scientific and Technical Academy Awards: Technical Achievement Awards". AMPAS. Archived from the original on 2008-01-13. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
52. ^ (Recipient) Kapler, Alan (2005-02-12). "2004 Scientific and Technical Academy Awards: Technical Achievement Awards". AMPAS. Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
53. ^ (Recipients) Roble, Dr. Douglas R.; Nafees Bin Zafar; and Ryo Sakaguchi (2008-02-09). "2007 Scientific and Technical Academy Awards: Scientific and Engineering Awards". AMPAS. Archived from the original on 2008-04-22. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
54. ^ a b "Awards | About | Digital Domain". 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
55. ^ "Digital Domain Recruits ILM Trio". VFXWorld. 2006-09-20. Retrieved 2008-06-20.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Bizony, Piers. (2001) Digital Domain: the leading edge of visual effects, London: Aurum Press. ISBN 1-85410-707-0

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

James Cameron

* Filmography
* Unrealized projects
* Awards and nominations
* Bibliography

Films directed|

| Feature|

* Piranha II: The Spawning (1982)
* The Terminator (1984)
* Aliens (1986)
* The Abyss (1989)
* Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
* True Lies (1994)
* Titanic (1997)
* Avatar (2009)
* Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)
* Avatar 3 (2025)
* Avatar 4 (2029)

|

Short|

* Xenogenesis (1978)
* T2-3D: Battle Across Time (1996)

Documentaries|

* Expedition: Bismarck (2002)
* Ghosts of the Abyss (2003)
* Aliens of the Deep (2005)

Films written|

* Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985)
* Strange Days (1995)
* Alita: Battle Angel (2019, also produced)
* Terminator: Dark Fate (2019, also produced)

Produced only|

* Solaris (2002)

TV series produced|

| Series|

* Dark Angel (2000–02)
* True Lies (2023)

|

Documentaries|

* Years of Living Dangerously (2014)
* Secrets of the Whales (2021)
* Secrets of the Octopus (2024)

Related articles|

* Lightstorm Entertainment
* Digital Domain
* Deepsea Challenger
* Pristimantis jamescameroni
* The Abyss: Incident at Europa

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Stan Winston

Films directed|

* Pumpkinhead (1988)
* A Gnome Named Gnorm (1990)
* T2-3D: Battle Across Time (1996)
* Michael Jackson's Ghosts (1996)

Related|

* Matt Winston (son)
* Digital Domain

* v
* t
* e

Animation industry in the United States

Companies and studios

| Active|

| Majors|

| NBCUniversal|

* DreamWorks Animation Studios
* DreamWorks Animation Television
* DreamWorks Classics
* Big Idea Entertainment
* Harvey Films
* Illumination
* Universal Animation Studios

|

Paramount Global|

* CBS Eye Animation Productions
* Late Night Cartoons
* MTV Animation Studios
* Nickelodeon Animation Studios
* Nickelodeon Digital
* Nickelodeon Movies
* Paramount Animation Studios
* Miramax Animation Studios (49%)

|

Disney Entertainment|

* 20th Century Animation Studios
* 20th Television Animation
* Disney Television Animation
* Lucasfilm Animation
* Industrial Light & Magic
* Marvel Animation Studios
* Pixar Animation Studios
* Walt Disney Animation Studios

|

Warner Bros.|

* Cartoon Network Studios
* Warner Bros. Animation Studios
* Warner Bros. Pictures Animation Studios
* Williams Street

|

Sony Pictures|

* Aniplex of America
* Crunchyroll
* Sony Pictures Animation Studios
* Sony Pictures Imageworks

|

* 41 Entertainment
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* Awesome Inc
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* Laika, LLC
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* Tau Films
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* Titmouse, Inc.
* The ULULU Company
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* Worker Studio

Former|

* 4Kids Entertainment
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* Adelaide Productions
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* Chorion
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* Crest Animation Productions
* Curious Pictures
* DePatie–Freleng Enterprises
* DIC Entertainment
* Disneytoon Studios
* DNA Productions
* Filmation
* Fleischer Studios
* Format Films
* Fox Animation Studios
* Frederator Films
* Golden Films
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* HIT Entertainment
* Jetlag Productions
* Justin Roiland's Solo Vanity Card Productions!
* Kroyer Films
* Laugh-O-Gram Studio
* Little Airplane Productions
* Marvel Productions
* Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation
* MGM Animation/Visual Arts
* MGM Cartoons
* Mirari Films
* MoonScoop
* Omation Animation Studio
* Pacific Data Images
* Paramount Cartoon Studios
* PorchLight Entertainment
* Prana Studios
* Radical Axis
* Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment
* Rooster Teeth
* Ruby-Spears
* BVS Entertainment
* Screen Gems
* Skellington Productions
* Soup2Nuts
* Spümcø
* Storyboard, Inc./Hubley Studios
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* Sunbow Entertainment
* Terrytoons
* Total Television
* United Productions of America
* Universal Cartoon Studios
* Van Beuren Studios
* Warner Bros. Cartoon Studios
* Wētā FX
* Wildbrain Entertainment
* Will Vinton Studios
* Zodiac Entertainment

Industry associations

* The Animation Guild, IATSE Local 839
* ASIFA-Hollywood

Other topics

| Awards|

* Academy Awards
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* Writers Guild of America Awards
* Television Animation

|

History|

* Silent era
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Related|

* Animated sitcom
* American comics
* History of American comics
* Tijuana bible
* Humorous Phases of Funny Faces
* Flash animation
* Labor strikes
* Fleischer Studios (1937)
* Disney (1941)
* Multiple studios (1982)

* Category

Authority control databases |

* VIAF

|

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