Digital television in Malaysia

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In Malaysia, digital television broadcasts, DTV or DHD, can be received via cable, internet, satellite, or via free over-the-air (OTA) digital terrestrial television, much like analogue television broadcasts have been. It began in the mid-1990s with the introduction of the Astro satellite television service, now followed by new paid television services in the 2000s, as well as the digitalisation of over-the-air TV, which was expected to be complete by the mid-2010s before being shelved. This article discusses various platforms where DTV is applied in Malaysia, including Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) (DVB-S/DVB-S2 for satellite and DVB-T2 for over-the-air) and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). Following its successful nationwide digital transition on 31 October 2019, the country became the third in Southeast Asia with digital broadcasts after neighbouring Brunei and Singapore.[1]

## DTV systems

[edit]

### Satellite television

[edit]

The DTV era in Malaysia began with the introduction of direct broadcast pay television service, Astro, in 1996 as part of the commercialisation of space. Astro now transmits about 130 local and international TV channels in the MPEG-2 video format through the Ku band utilising the MEASAT satellite system's transponders, according to the DVB-S standard. Astro's transmission is especially susceptible to rain fade, and complaints of interruption during wet weather are not uncommon in Malaysia, with a tropical climate. In December 2011, the Malaysian government announced that free satellite television, NJOI, would be available to customers starting February 2012.[2]

### Digital terrestrial TV

[edit]

#### Free-to-air

[edit]

In 2005, the Ministry of Information announced their plan to digitalise nationwide free-to-air TV broadcasts led by Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM).[3] Trial broadcasts were undertaken, involving one thousand households in the Klang Valley from September 2006 till February 2007. According to the then-Deputy Minister of Information, Chia Kwang Chye, the trial received "very positive" feedback, i.e., "more than 60 percent said the quality of the signal ranged from good to better. Over 88 percent said the picture quality improved, while 70 percent said the sound quality was better".[4]

According to Information Minister Datuk Ahmad Shabery Cheek, it was anticipated that RTM would fully complete its digitalisation in 2012 as part of its three-year restructuring process.[5] It was anticipated that each household, once equipped with the necessary equipment (set-top box, iDTV or DHD set) would receive up to 19 channels, seven of which would fall under RTM and the rest for private broadcasters such as TV3, ntv7, 8TV and TV9.[6] Thus far, besides simulcasting TV1 and TV2, RTM is currently airing RTMi, Muzik Aktif and Arena exclusively on the digital TV platform, transmitted at UHF channel 44, modulated at 64QAM, in test forms.[7] RTM was also expected to launch regional channels for each state and/or territory in Malaysia, increasing to 20 television channels.[8] Media Prima started trials in March 2009.[9]

Malaysia and all other Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (with the exception of Cambodia and Laos, which selected the DTMB instead, and the Philippines, which selected ISDB-T instead) had selected DVB-T as the final DTV standard, and were expected to switch off analogue broadcasts completely by 2015.[10] In June 2008, participants of the 6th ASEAN Digital Broadcast Meeting from seven Southeast Asian countries (including Malaysia) agreed to finalise the specifications of the DTV set-top box for use within ASEAN, and also set up an ASEAN HD Centre to provide training on HDTV content to broadcasters in the region.[11]

Despite the success of RTM's pilot trials, the digital terrestrial television transition faced many problems. These problems stemmed from the lesser enthusiasm of content providers toward the digitisation, with the exception of Les Copaque, and the need to improve the nation's Internet broadband infrastructure. However, after Abdullah Badawi resigned as Prime Minister in 2008, the project by RTM was deferred indefinitely.[citation needed]

#### Future

[edit]

Although Telekom Malaysia has been rumoured to be building a digital terrestrial television infrastructure, TM wishes to improve the broadband infrastructure to increase Internet readiness for the country, which leads to Unifi.

On 8 January 2014, Puncak Semangat was awarded the concession for digital terrestrial television development. The company is obligated to develop the digital terrestrial television infrastructure, which includes a digital multimedia hub and a network of high, medium and low-powered digital TV transmitters nationwide that are capable of carrying up to 45 standard-definition or 15 high-definition digital TV channels, for a start. Television and radio services will be offered first, while the latter three, connected services (catch-up TV and video on demand), t-commerce (television commerce) and soft services (e-learning applications and SMS voting) will be delivered via home broadband networks after the former two.[12]

The first roll-out will start on 16 April 2015 (originally expected to be in the third quarter of 2014),[12] using Puncak Semangat's inside-out rollout strategy where the rural areas will have analogue switch-off first followed by suburbans and eventually urban areas in stages, due to the fact that free-to-air television will benefit rural people while people in urban and suburban areas already have pay television such as Astro and HyppTV.[12] The rollout will complete in 2017[13] and will cover 98% of Malaysia's population with the capacity of up to 80 television channels and between 30 and 40 radio stations.[12]

Once the full digital platform has been rolled out, television broadcasts in analogue will be terminated.[14]

#### Analogue switch-off

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Analogue TV broadcasts would have been shut down in stages, due to complete by 2014 as per recommendation from ASEAN. The DTT migration plan was divided into three phases:[15]

1. Phase I (2007–2013)
* Analogue TV & DTT co-exist
* Analogue TV shut down in stages
* Vacate other primary services (radar and LMS)
2. Phase II (2014–29 September 2019)
* No analogue TV service
* Vacate DTT service using channels 56 and above
* Vacate LMS in band 477 MHz to 478 MHz
3. Phase III (30 September 2019 – 31 October 2019)
* 100% DTT service using channels 5 to 12 and 21 to 54

Television broadcasts in analogue are originally scheduled for 2017, but the transition will be completed after the full-out of the digital platform.[14] As announced by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) in late September, the full digital transition to be completed on 31 October 2019, the date where analog TV broadcast for remaining states Sabah and Sarawak will end.[16] The switch over in West Malaysia are fully completed on 1 October at 12:30 AM (UTC+8),[17] while the final switch over in East Malaysia are completed on 31 October also at 12:30 AM as scheduled. This marks the end of analogue television broadcast in Malaysia with the country also becomes the third country in Southeast Asia after Singapore and Brunei to undergo successful transition to digital television broadcast.[1][18][19][20]

#### Paid terrestrial television

[edit]

In 2006, U Television, formerly MiTV, is scheduled to roll out broadcast services in the H.264 video format according to DVB-T, for better picture quality and more efficient frequency bandwidth usage, after having failed in an earlier venture with the IPTV-over-UHF system previously.[21]

### Broadband and IPTV

[edit]

DETV, a new paid television provider owned by REDtone, provides television and video-on-demand services on the IPTV platform, targeting the Chinese audiences in Malaysia.

TM launched its IPTV services, branded as Hypp.TV in the fourth quarter of 2009, and has completed its trials with 1,000 selected households in Klang Valley, Penang and Kulim, Kedah.[22] The service began in March 2010. However, due to the service being tied down to their Unifi fiber-to-the-home service, availability remains limited to areas covered by the national fiber rollout.

### Mobile television

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Mobile television was introduced in Malaysia with video streaming services by mobile telecommunications providers such as Maxis and DiGi, to users of mobile phones with 3G or similar technologies. Maxis TV now offers more than 20 channels to Maxis 3G subscribers who own compatible mobile phones.[23] Yet, Maxis is expected to roll out broadcast mobile TV services based on DVB-H in the near future.[24]

U Mobile also provides broadcast mobile TV to users of selected 3G phones, also based on DVB-H.[25]

In October 2008, Astro launched Astro Mobile TV[26] which currently provides 18 channels, all of which are mobile versions of existing Astro TV channels, including seven in-house channels. This service is only available to Maxis subscribers with compatible 2.5G or 3G handsets, and does not reprise its role from Maxis TV cable television.

In 2012, HyppTV launched the HyppTV Everywhere service to counter the lack of fiber coverage. Initially only available to Unifi subscribers, the service was opened up to the public to compensate for the limited Unifi coverage.

## HDTV

[edit]

RTM initiated its inaugural high-definition television (HDTV) trials in 2008, with the Beijing Olympic Games, of which RTM test-broadcast the opening and closing ceremony, and several events on HD.[27]

In late 2009, Astro launched Astro B.yond as a personal video recorder and a high-definition television service.

As of July 2013, Media Prima group chief financial officer Mohamad Ariff Ibrahim said that Media Prima will launch high definition (HD) simulcast for one of its four terrestrial television stations as early as the first half of 2014.[28] But, audiences are still suffering with SD resolution and stretched 4:3 scale format in most 16:9 TV that the majority of people own nowadays. Media Prima only started to broadcast selected programmes at 16:9 SD starting from 31 December 2016. However, the idents, programme previews, adverts, 4:3 content and some widescreen programmes remain on 4:3 and improperly stretched (sometimes letterboxed).[citation needed]

In early 2015, NJOI began the HD service that will be automatically available for free for all NJOI customers starting from 1 February.

## See also

[edit]

* Digital television transition
* Television in Malaysia

## References

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1. ^ a b "Negara ucap selamat tinggal kepada TV analog" [The country says goodbye to analogue TV]. Bernama (in Malay). Astro Awani. 1 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
2. ^ Lee Yen Mun (21 November 2011). "Free satellite TV". The Star. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
3. ^ "Malaysia to launch digital TV trial program". People's Daily Online (China). 6 October 2005. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
4. ^ "Malaysia adopts DVB-T standard for digital broadcast transmissions". ABU. 28 March 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
5. ^ "RTM To Restructure, Go Digital In Three Years". Bernama. 22 September 2008. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
6. ^ "RTM's Best Mechanism For Digital Broadcast". Bernama. 14 February 2009. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
7. ^ "Malaysian DVB-T trial underway". DVB. 6 January 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
8. ^ "RTM To Introduce Regional TV". Bernama. 28 September 2008. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009. Retrieved 28 September 2008.
9. ^ Rose Major (5 March 2009). "Media Prima asks govt for help on DTT". Rapid TV News. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
10. ^ "ASEAN picks DVB-T as common TV standard". APB News. 17 June 2005. Archived from the original on 14 July 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
11. ^ "Asean Broadcasters Prepare For Digital Broadcasting". Bernama (Ministry of Information). 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
12. ^ a b c d "The move to digital TV broadcast is happening". The Star. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
13. ^ "DTTB due by 2017". The Sun. 6 November 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
14. ^ a b "MCMC picks Puncak Semangat to operate digital tv broadcast service in Malaysia". The Sun. 8 January 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
15. ^ Ahmad Nasruddin Atiqullah Fakrullah (2008). "Fulfilling Needs for Digital Media" (PDF). .my Convergence: 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2009. Retrieved 24 June 2008. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
16. ^ "MCMC: Malaysia switching to full digital TV broadcast by Oct 31". Bernama. The Malay Mail. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
17. ^ Alexander Wong (16 October 2019). "West Malaysia has completely switched over from Analogue to Digital TV". SoyaCincau. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
18. ^ "Malaysia Beralih Kepada Siaran TV Digital Secara Sepenuhnya Pada 31 Oktober 2019" [Malaysia Turns Into Digital TV Broadcast On 31 October 2019] (PDF) (Press release) (in Malay). Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. 2 April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
19. ^ "Sabah and Sarawak switch to digital TV". The Star. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
20. ^ "Now entire nation enjoys digital TV broadcast". Bernama. The Borneo Post. 1 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
21. ^ "MiTV Awards RM115 Million Contract for the Latest Broadcast Technology Network". U Television Sdn Bhd (press release). 18 December 2006. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
22. ^ T. E. Goh (19 June 2008). "TM sees IPTV commercial roll-out in 12 months". Business Times. Archived from the original on 20 June 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
23. ^ "Maxis 3G in Action - Maxis TV". Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
24. ^ "Maxis completes DVB-H trial". Mobile World. 28 August 2007. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
25. ^ J. Timbuong (20 September 2007). "U Mobile is newest cellular service provider". The Star. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
26. ^ Mustapha Kamil (13 October 2008). "New Astro contents to pack a bigger punch". Business Times. Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
27. ^ "Radio TV M'sia transmitting Olympics in HD via RTM HD". @llo' Expat. 11 August 2008. Archived from the original on 23 August 2008. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
28. ^ Kamarul Anwar (22 July 2013). "Media Prima to launch HD simulcast in 1H2014". Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

## External links

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General

* DVB - Malaysia
* Fulfilling Needs For Digital Media, .my Convergence (Jan 2008)
* Technical Standard for Free To Air Digital Terrestrial Receiver (Set-top-box) (MTSFB 001 : 2008)
* TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR FREE TO AIR DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION RECEIVER (SET-TOP-BOX) Archived 8 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission

Providers

* Astro
* Astro Mobile TV Archived 2 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
* Maxis TV
* U Mobile
* (in Chinese) DETV
* TM IPTV

* v
* t
* e

Television in Malaysia

Free-to-air television

| Public broadcasting|

| RTM|

* TV1
* TV2
* TV Okey
* Berita RTM
* Sukan RTM
* TV6

|

Bernama|

* Bernama TV

Alhijrah Media|

* TV Alhijrah

Sarawak Media|

* TVS

Ministry of Education|

* TV Pendidikan

Commercial broadcasting|

| Media Prima|

* 8TV
* NTV7
* TV3
* TV9
* WOWSHOP (Malay, Chinese)

|

Awesome Media|

* Awesome TV

DNF Group|

* SUKE TV

Defunct|

* Televisyen Sabah/Rangkaian Ketiga
* Channel 9
* Channel W
* Muzik Aktif
* TV5
* TVi
* Worldview Broadcasting Channel
* Enjoy TV5

Pay television channels

| Astro|

* Astro AEC
* Astro AOD
* Astro Arena
* Astro Arena 2
* Astro Arena Bola
* Astro Arena Bola 2
* Astro Awani
* Astro Best (VOD)
* Astro Box Office
* BollyOne HD
* Thangathirai
* Astro Ceria
* Astro Citra
* Astro Cricket
* Astro First (VOD)
* Astro Hua Hee Dai
* Astro Oasis
* Astro Prima
* Astro Quan Jia HD
* Astro Rania
* Astro Ria
* Astro SuperSport
* Astro SuperSport 2
* Astro SuperSport 3
* Astro SuperSport 4
* Astro SuperSport 5
* Astro Tutor TV
* Astro Tutor TV PT3
* Astro Tutor TV SPM
* Astro Tutor TV SK
* Astro UHD
* Astro Vaanavil
* Astro Vellithirai
* Astro Vinmeen HD
* Astro Wah Lai Toi On Demand
* Astro Warna
* BOO
* Go Shop
* GO Shop Chinese
* GO Shop Baaru
* GO Shop Ruuma
* Showcase Movies

|

Unifi TV|

* DEGUP HD
* Dunia Sinema HD
* Inspirasi HD
* Sensasi HD
* Pesona HD
* Parlimen Malaysia
* Salam HD
* SIAR HD
* Unifi Sports

Defunct|

* Astro Aruna
* Astro Bella
* Astro hitz
* Astro Kirana
* Astro Shuang Xing
* Astro TVIQ
* Astro Xiao Tai Yang
* Astro Xi Yue HD
* Astro Zhi Zun HD
* Bintang
* Disney XD Asia
* Disney Channel Asia
* Disney Junior Asia
* eGG Network
* Hypp Sports HD
* Jia Yu Channel
* Maya HD
* Mega TV
* Mustika HD
* Pelangi
* PRIMEtime
* TA-DAA!
* Tara HD
* Zee Variasi

* v
* t
* e

Digital television deployments by country

* Australia
* Bulgaria
* Canada
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* Indonesia
* Ireland
* Malaysia
* Netherlands
* Philippines
* Poland
* Portugal
* Sweden
* Thailand
* United Kingdom
* United States
* transition

Digital television transition

* v
* t
* e

Telecommunications

History|

* Beacon
* Broadcasting
* Cable protection system
* Cable TV
* Communications satellite
* Computer network
* Data compression
* audio
* DCT
* image
* video
* Digital media
* Internet video
* online video platform
* social media
* streaming
* Drums
* Edholm's law
* Electrical telegraph
* Fax
* Heliographs
* Hydraulic telegraph
* Information Age
* Information revolution
* Internet
* Mass media
* Mobile phone
* Smartphone
* Optical telecommunication
* Optical telegraphy
* Pager
* Photophone
* Prepaid mobile phone
* Radio
* Radiotelephone
* Satellite communications
* Semaphore
* Phryctoria
* Semiconductor
* device
* MOSFET
* transistor
* Smoke signals
* Telecommunications history
* Telautograph
* Telegraphy
* Teleprinter (teletype)
* Telephone
* The Telephone Cases
* Television
* digital
* streaming
* Undersea telegraph line
* Videotelephony
* Whistled language
* Wireless revolution

Pioneers|

* Nasir Ahmed
* Edwin Howard Armstrong
* Mohamed M. Atalla
* John Logie Baird
* Paul Baran
* John Bardeen
* Alexander Graham Bell
* Emile Berliner
* Tim Berners-Lee
* Francis Blake
* Jagadish Chandra Bose
* Charles Bourseul
* Walter Houser Brattain
* Vint Cerf
* Claude Chappe
* Yogen Dalal
* Donald Davies
* Daniel Davis Jr.
* Amos Dolbear
* Thomas Edison
* Philo Farnsworth
* Reginald Fessenden
* Lee de Forest
* Elisha Gray
* Oliver Heaviside
* Robert Hooke
* Erna Schneider Hoover
* Harold Hopkins
* Gardiner Greene Hubbard
* Bob Kahn
* Dawon Kahng
* Charles K. Kao
* Narinder Singh Kapany
* Hedy Lamarr
* Roberto Landell
* Innocenzo Manzetti
* Guglielmo Marconi
* Robert Metcalfe
* Antonio Meucci
* Samuel Morse
* Jun-ichi Nishizawa
* Charles Grafton Page
* Radia Perlman
* Alexander Stepanovich Popov
* Tivadar Puskás
* Johann Philipp Reis
* Claude Shannon
* Almon Brown Strowger
* Henry Sutton
* Charles Sumner Tainter
* Nikola Tesla
* Camille Tissot
* Alfred Vail
* Thomas A. Watson
* Charles Wheatstone
* Vladimir K. Zworykin
* Internet pioneers

Transmission
media|

* Coaxial cable
* Fiber-optic communication
* optical fiber
* Free-space optical communication
* Molecular communication
* Radio waves
* wireless
* Transmission line
* telecommunication circuit

Network topology
and switching|

* Bandwidth
* Links
* Network switching
* circuit
* packet
* Nodes
* terminal
* Telephone exchange

Multiplexing|

* Space-division
* Frequency-division
* Time-division
* Polarization-division
* Orbital angular-momentum
* Code-division

Concepts|

* Communication protocol
* Computer network
* Data transmission
* Store and forward
* Telecommunications equipment

Types of network|

* Cellular network
* Ethernet
* ISDN
* LAN
* Mobile
* NGN
* Public Switched Telephone
* Radio
* Television
* Telex
* UUCP
* WAN
* Wireless network

Notable networks|

* ARPANET
* BITNET
* CYCLADES
* FidoNet
* Internet
* Internet2
* JANET
* NPL network
* TANet
* Toasternet
* Usenet

Locations|

* Africa
* Americas
* North
* South
* Antarctica
* Asia
* Europe
* Oceania
* Global telecommunications regulation bodies

* Telecommunication portal
* Category
* Outline
* Commons

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