Doctrine (startup)

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DoctrineIndustry| Legal information

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Founded| 2016 in Paris
Headquarters|

Paris

France

Area served

| France, Italy

Doctrine is a French startup that uses artificial intelligence to centralise legal information and make it accessible to legal professionals. The company has been expanding to Italy since 2024.

## History

[edit]

Doctrine was created in June 2016.[1][2]

In 2017, Doctrine entered into a partnership with Infogreffe in 2017, making available around 2 million decisions from the commercial courts.[1][3]

In 2019, the start-up claimed to have more than 9 million decisions, while its competitors Dalloz and LexisNexis had 2 million and 2.9 million respectively.[4]

The following year, in 2020, Doctrine launched the "Document Analyzer" feature, which detects and enriches legal sources in documents.[5]

In April 2023, the company announced that it would be acquired by the investment funds Summit Partners and Peugeot Invest.[6][2]

In 2024, Doctrine expanded into Italy.[7] That same year, it received coaching from the CNIL on GDPR and signed a partnership agreement with the Paris Bar.[8][9][10]

## Business model

[edit]

The search engine relies on algorithms and artificial intelligence[11][12] and is commercialised on a subscription-based model.[13][14]

In 2017, Doctrine claimed 7,000 users in France. This number will rise to 11,000 in April 2023[14][2][15] and then to 15,000 in 2024.[10] The start-up is profitable.[2]

Doctrine has been involved in several disputes. Firstly, its competitors LexisNexis, Dalloz, Wolters Kulwer France, Lexbase and Lextenso accused the start-up of unfair competition. In February 2023, after five years of proceedings since 2018, the Paris Commercial Court ruled in favour of Doctrine on the merits, rejecting the publishers' claims and ordering them to pay 50,000 euros in damages for abusive proceedings (the legal publishers have appealed, and the proceedings are ongoing).[16][17] Doctrine was also accused of typosquatting, a charge that was dismissed in 2022.[18][10] Finally, the start-up has announced that it will be taking its case to the European Court of Human Rights to gain access to all the decisions of the Paris Court of First Instance.[19]

### Shareholders and fundraising

[edit]

Two months after its creation, the start-up raised €2 million from venture capital funds such as Otium Venture, Kima Ventures and The Family.[20] In 2018, it raised a further €10 million from Otium Venture (Pierre-Édouard Stérin) and Xavier Niel.[11][21][1][22] It was finally bought out in 2023 by Peugeot Invest and Summit Partners.[2]

## Organisation

[edit]

### CEO

[edit]

* Nicolas Bustamante (2016 - 2020)
* Guillaume Carrère (2020 - ...).[23]

## References

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1. ^ a b c "Doctrine lève 10 millions pour son moteur de recherche juridique". Les Echos (Entrepreneurs). 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
2. ^ a b c d e "Legaltech : Doctrine rachetée par le fonds américain Summit Partners". Les Echos (in French). 2023-04-11. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
3. ^ Marion Deye (2018-06-25). "Tribunaux de commerce : l'exorbitant cadeau d'Infogreffe à Doctrine.fr". La Lettre A (in French). Retrieved 2020-12-18..
4. ^ Delphine Iweins (27 June 2019). "La guerre s'intensifie entre Doctrine et les avocats". Les Échos. Retrieved 3 September 2024. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|url-access=libre` (help)
5. ^ Rochefort, Mathilde (2020-09-22). "Doctrine, l'entreprise de legaltech qui révolutionne le monde juridique français - Siècle Digital". Siècle Digital (in French). Retrieved 2024-12-13.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
6. ^ Xavier Demarle (2023-02-28). "Summit Partners négocie le rachat de Doctrine". l'Informé (in French). Retrieved 2024-08-29.
7. ^ "Jus Mundi, la start-up qui monte dans la legaltech française". Les Echos (in French). 2024-09-11. Archived from the original on 2024-09-17. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
8. ^ Vitard, Alice (2024-09-23). "RGPD : Docaposte, Doctrine, la Française des Jeux et ShareID bénéficient du soutien renforcé de la Cnil". Usine Digitale (in French).
9. ^ Jean-Marc Manach (24 September 2024). "La CNIL offre un « accompagnement renforcé » à Docaposte, Doctrine, la FDJ et ShareID". Next.ink (in French). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
10. ^ a b c Camille Wong (17 October 2024). "Doctrine, le « Google du droit » signe avec le Barreau de Paris". Les Échos. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
11. ^ a b Guillaume Bregeras (29 June 2018). "Doctrine en passe d'imposer son moteur de recherche". Les Échos. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
12. ^ Matarin, Yann (2017-12-20). "Doctrine.fr : l'intelligence artificielle au service des juristes". Capital.fr (in French). Retrieved 2024-09-12.
13. ^ Rees, Marc (2016-03-11). "Doctrine.fr, le moteur qui ambitionne de devenir le Google du droit". Next (in French). Retrieved 2024-08-29.
14. ^ a b Valérie de Senneville (2017-03-22). "Quand les algorithmes entrent dans les prétoires". Les Echos (in French). Retrieved 2024-08-29.
15. ^ "L'éditeur de justice Doctrine remporte le conflit commercial engagé par ses concurrents". France Inter (in French). 2023-03-03. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
16. ^ "Cinq éditeurs juridiques condamnés pour procédure abusive contre le site Doctrine.fr". Le Figaro (in French). 2023-02-23. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
17. ^ "Affaire Doctrine.fr : cinq éditeurs font appel". Livres Hebdo (in French). Retrieved 2024-12-13.
18. ^ Chaperon, Isabelle (2019-08-05). "L'information juridique en procès". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 2024-12-13.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
19. ^ Vitard, Alice (2022-06-28). "Doctrine s'en remet à la justice européenne pour nourrir son moteur de recherche juridique". L'Usine Digitale (in French).
20. ^ "Doctrine affole les compteurs de l'amorçage". Les Echos (in French). 2016-10-13. Archived from the original on 2024-09-14. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
21. ^ Nicolas Rauline. "Doctrine, le « Google » des avocats, affole les compteurs de l'amorçage - Les Echos". business.lesechos.fr (in French). Retrieved 2018-07-05..
22. ^ "Doctrine, la belle affaire de Pierre-Édouard Stérin". l'Informé (in French). 2024-09-06. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
23. ^ "Doctrine.fr se réorganise sous l'égide du nouveau DG Guillaume Carrère". La Lettre (in French). 2020-12-08. Retrieved 2024-08-29.

## External links

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Official website