Dongguan

For other uses, see Dongguan (disambiguation).

Prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China

Dongguan

东莞市

Tungkun; Tungkuan

Prefecture-level city

Dongguan CBD

Dongguan Avenue

Humen Mountain

Yinxian Mountain Resort

Keyuan

Location of Dongguan in Guangdong

Dongguan

Location in China

Coordinates (Dongguan government): 23°01′16″N 113°45′07″E﻿ / ﻿23.021°N 113.752°E﻿ / 23.021; 113.752
Country| China
Province| Guangdong
County| 331 AD
City (County-level)| September 1985
City (Prefecture-level)| 1 January 1988
Municipal seat| Nancheng Subdistrict
Government

• Type| Prefecture-level city
• Body| Dongguan Municipal People's Congress [zh]
• CCP Secretary| Liang Weidong
• Congress Chairman| Liang Weidong
• Mayor| Xiao Yafei
• CPPCC Chairman| Luo Zhaoqun
Area

• Prefecture-level city

| 2,465 km2 (952 sq mi)
• Urban

| 2,465 km2 (952 sq mi)
• Metro

| 19,870.4 km2 (7,672.0 sq mi)
Elevation

| 8 m (26 ft)
Population

(2020 census)[1]

• Prefecture-level city

| 10,466,625
• Rank| 3rd in Guangdong
8th in China
• Density| 4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
• Urban

| 10,466,625
• Urban density| 4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
• Metro

| 65,655,622
• Metro density| 3,300/km2 (8,600/sq mi)
GDP[2]

• Prefecture-level city| CN¥ 1.086 trillion
US$ 168.3 billion
• Per capita| CN¥ 103,284
US$ 16,010
Time zone| UTC+8 (China Standard Time)
Postal code|

523000

Area code| 769
ISO 3166 code| CN-GD-19
Licence plate prefixes| 粤S
City flower| Yulan magnolia
Magnolia denudata
Website| www.dg.gov.cn
Dongguan

"Dongguan" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters

Simplified Chinese| 东莞
Traditional Chinese| 東莞
Hanyu Pinyin| Dōngguǎn
Cantonese Yale| Dùnggún or Dūnggún
Postal| Tungkun
Literal meaning| "Eastern Bulrush(es)"
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Dōngguǎn
Bopomofo| ㄉㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄢˇ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh| Donggoan
Wade–Giles| Tung1-kuan3
Tongyong Pinyin| Dongguǎn
Yale Romanization| Dūnggwǎn
MPS2| Dūngguǎn
IPA| [tʊ́ŋ.kwàn]
Hakka
Romanization| Dung1gon3 or Tûng-kón
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization| Dùnggún or Dūnggún
Jyutping| Dung1gun2
IPA| [tôŋ.kǔːn] or [tóŋ.kǔːn]

Dongguan,[a] alternately romanized via Cantonese as Tungkun, is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong Province, China. An important industrial city in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, Shenzhen to the south, and the Pearl River to the west. It is part of the Pearl River Delta built-up (or metro) area with more than 65.57 million inhabitants as of the 2020 census spread over nine municipalities across an area of 19,870 square kilometers (7,670 sq mi).[1]

Dongguan's city administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment.[4][who?] Dongguan ranks behind only Shenzhen, Shanghai and Suzhou in exports among Chinese cities, with $65.54 billion in shipments. It is also home to one of the world's largest shopping malls, the New South China Mall,[5] which is seeing increased activity.[6] Although the city is geographically and thus culturally Cantonese in the Weitou form and as well as culturally Hakka in the prefectures of Fenggang and Qingxi, the majority of the modern-day population speaks Mandarin due to the large influx of economic migrants from other parts of China.[7] The city is home to several universities, including Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Medical University and Dongguan University of Technology.

## Economy

[edit]

In the Pearl River Delta region Dongguan was the first urban area where joint production was implemented between village collectives, local Chinese Communist Party cadre, and foreign investors. In the 1990s this type of enterprise accounted for around 20 percent of all foreign direct investments and approximately 50 percent of exports by the People's Republic of China (PRC).[8]

Today Dongguan is a major manufacturing hub, although it suffered significant loss of economic activity from the impact of the 2007–2008 financial crisis.[9][10] The largest industrial sector is manufacturing of electronics and communications equipment; international companies with facilities in Dongguan include DuPont, Samsung Electronics, Nokia, Coca-Cola, Nestlé and Maersk.[11]

The Dongguan Science and Technology Museum opened in December 2005 and is the high tech commerce park in the Songshan Lake district, which opened in 2003. The museum is a partnership with the Global IT Academy of the Brea Olinda Unified School District in Southern California, demonstrating the city's emphasis on attracting technology business. The city announced in 2005 a planned investment of US$500 million over five years for technology infrastructure improvements. The city administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment.[citation needed] Among the investors were Brazilian shoe manufacturers. Brazil excelled in manufacturing cheap footwear in the 1970s and 80s. The Brazilian community in Dongguan numbered 4,000 people in 2013.[12][13]

While the city is the fourth largest export region in China, behind Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Suzhou, Dongguan has yet to gain the kind of name recognition realized by Shenzhen outside of China. This may be because the city has focused on infrastructure investment rather than the direct targeting of major corporations with financial incentives for economic development. Nevertheless, Dongguan has been identified by high level representatives of the National Development and Reform Commission of the central government as one of the most significant growth regions for technology in the coming years. As part of this plan, the Dongguan local government announced a plan to create and support a 100-billion-yuan photovoltaic manufacturing industry by 2015.[14]

To cope with the impact of the financial crisis, Dongguan city is looking to industrial restructuring, focusing on four pillar platforms, these are governmental services, supporting measures, technology upgrade, and market expansion. The city government claims that this process has already enhanced its capability for independent innovation and the quantity of patent applications in 2008.[15][16]

Dongguan was known as China's “Sin City”, where prostitution once thrived. But authorities have attempted to eradicate prostitution in the city.[17]

On 9 February 2014 China Central Television aired a special on the sex industry in Dongguan. The same day Guangdong Provincial Police raided and closed all saunas, bars, foot massages, karaokes, and other businesses associated with the sex industry. The economic impact of this crackdown is believed to be 50 billion yuan, or just over $8 billion US dollars. The residual effects of the crackdown affected the livelihood of taxi drivers and restaurants who, while not directly involved in the sex industry, benefited from the increased clientele.[18][19]

The city ranked 13th in Forbes China's listing of the most innovative mainland cities, as well as 18th in Foreign Policy's listing of the most dynamic cities in the world.[20]

## History

[edit]

The earliest traces of human habitation in the area stretch back 5,000 years. In 1839, at the outset of the First Opium War, large quantities of seized opium were destroyed in Humen, a town that now belongs to Dongguan. Several of the major battles of the war were fought in this area.[citation needed]

During the Second World War, the city served as the base for guerrilla resistance against the occupation that came with the Second Sino-Japanese War.[21]

Being a district of the Huiyang prefecture before, as its economy overshadowed the prefectural capital of Huizhou itself, Dongguan earned city status in 1985, and was upgraded to prefecture city status three years later.[22] During this period the city changed its focus from an agricultural town into a manufacturing hub, with an average annual growth of up to 18 percent.[23]

## Geography

[edit]

Geographically, the city is mostly hilly to the east and flat in the west,[24] with 115.98 kilometers (72.07 mi) of shoreline. The urban center of Dongguan is 50 kilometers (31 mi) from that of Guangzhou to its north, 90 kilometers (56 mi) from Shenzhen to its south, 47 nautical miles (87 km) from Hong Kong and 48 nautical miles (89 km) from Macau by waterway. It is positioned in the middle of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen economic corridor, a hub for both land and sea transport.

Of Dongguan's total area, 27 percent is water, 25 percent forest land, and 13 percent arable land, while 35 percent of its land area has been fully developed.[citation needed]

Guan Yin Shan (Kuan Yin Mountain) in Dongguan Skyscrapers in Dongguan

## Climate

[edit]

Dongguan has a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwa), with abundant rainfall over the year. It lies just south of the Tropic of Cancer. The average temperature is 22.9 °C (73.2 °F) throughout the year with average rainfall of 1,893 millimeters (74.5 in).[25] With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 23 percent in March to 57 percent in October, the city receives 1892 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Climate data for Dongguan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 28.4
(83.1)  | 29.4
(84.9)  | 32.7
(90.9)  | 34.0
(93.2)  | 35.4
(95.7)  | 38.0
(100.4)  | 38.9
(102.0)  | 37.8
(100.0)  | 37.9
(100.2)  | 35.0
(95.0)  | 33.6
(92.5)  | 30.0
(86.0)  | 38.9
(102.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 19.1
(66.4)  | 20.4
(68.7)  | 22.9
(73.2)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 30.0
(86.0)  | 31.7
(89.1)  | 32.9
(91.2)  | 32.9
(91.2)  | 31.9
(89.4)  | 29.3
(84.7)  | 25.4
(77.7)  | 20.8
(69.4)  | 27.0
(80.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 14.8
(58.6)  | 16.3
(61.3)  | 19.0
(66.2)  | 22.8
(73.0)  | 26.1
(79.0)  | 28.0
(82.4)  | 28.8
(83.8)  | 28.7
(83.7)  | 27.8
(82.0)  | 25.2
(77.4)  | 21.1
(70.0)  | 16.4
(61.5)  | 22.9
(73.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 11.9
(53.4)  | 13.5
(56.3)  | 16.3
(61.3)  | 20.2
(68.4)  | 23.4
(74.1)  | 25.4
(77.7)  | 26.0
(78.8)  | 25.8
(78.4)  | 24.8
(76.6)  | 22.0
(71.6)  | 17.9
(64.2)  | 13.3
(55.9)  | 20.0
(68.1)
Record low °C (°F)  | 0.4
(32.7)  | −0.5
(31.1)  | 3.0
(37.4)  | 8.2
(46.8)  | 15.3
(59.5)  | 18.3
(64.9)  | 20.6
(69.1)  | 21.0
(69.8)  | 14.8
(58.6)  | 8.0
(46.4)  | 4.5
(40.1)  | 0.9
(33.6)  | −0.5
(31.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 46.6
(1.83)  | 51.1
(2.01)  | 90.3
(3.56)  | 194.8
(7.67)  | 295.9
(11.65)  | 375.8
(14.80)  | 232.8
(9.17)  | 293.7
(11.56)  | 184.5
(7.26)  | 55.3
(2.18)  | 36.1
(1.42)  | 36.5
(1.44)  | 1,893.4
(74.55)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.9  | 9.7  | 12.7  | 14.4  | 16.0  | 18.7  | 17.4  | 17.6  | 12.8  | 5.7  | 5.1  | 5.7  | 142.7
Average relative humidity (%)  | 69  | 74  | 78  | 80  | 80  | 82  | 79  | 80  | 75  | 68  | 67  | 65  | 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 134.5  | 99.9  | 87.1  | 106.6  | 149.3  | 169.7  | 218.0  | 192.4  | 188.5  | 203.1  | 178.8  | 164.0  | 1,891.9
Percent possible sunshine | 40  | 31  | 23  | 28  | 36  | 42  | 53  | 48  | 52  | 57  | 54  | 49  | 43
Source: China Meteorological Administration[26][27] all-time extreme temperature[28][29]

## Demographics

[edit]

Dongguan had an estimated 6,949,800 inhabitants at the end of 2008, among whom 1,748,700 were local residents and 5,201,100 permanent migrants from other parts of the country.[30] At the 2010 Census the population had expanded to 8,220,237.[31] The number reached 10.5 million by 2020.[1]

Dongguan is the hometown for many overseas Chinese, the family origin of over 700,000 people in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau and over 200,000 Chinese nationals living abroad.

## Administration

[edit]

Dongguan is a prefecture-level city of the Guangdong province. An uncommon administrative feature is that it has no county-level division, but the municipal government does group the 32 township-level divisions into six district areas. The city government directly administers four Subdistricts and 28 towns:

Map

Dongcheng

Nancheng

Wanjiang

Gaobu

Zhongtang

Machong

Hongmei

Shijie

Daojiao

Shatian

Houjie

Humen

Chang'an

Dalingshan

Dalang

Huangjiang

Liaobu

Fenggang

Tangxia

Qingxi

Zhangmutou

Xiegang

Changping

Qiaotou

Qishi

Hengli

Chashan

Shipai

1\. Guancheng

2\. Shilong

3\. Wangniudun

4\. Dongkeng

Name  | Simplified Chinese  | Hanyu Pinyin  | Population
(2010 census) | Area
(km2)  | Density
(/km2)  | Division code[32] | Residential communities | Administrative villages
Chengqu Area | 城区片区 | Chéngqū Piànqū | 1,653,407 | 299.0 | 5529.78 | — | 4 subdistricts, 2 towns
Dongcheng Subdistrict | 东城街道 | Dōngchéng Jiēdào | 492,875 | 110.0 | 4,480.68  | 441900003  | 23 |
Nancheng Subdistrict | 南城街道 | Nánchéng Jiēdào | 289,255 | 59.0 | 4,902.62  | 441900004  | 18 |
Wanjiang Subdistrict | 万江街道 | Wànjiāng Jiēdào | 244,765 | 50.5 | 4,846.83  | 441900005  | 28 |
Guancheng Subdistrict | 莞城街道 | Guǎnchéng Jiēdào | 162,116 | 13.5 | 12,008.59  | 441900006  | 8 |
Shijie town | 石碣镇 | Shíjié Zhèn | 246,960 | 36.0 | 6,860.00  | 441900101  | 1 | 14
Gaobu town | 高埗镇 | Gāobù Zhèn | 217,436 | 30.0 | 7,247.86  | 441900129  | 1 | 18
Songshanhu Area | 松山湖片区 | Sōngshānhú Piànqū | 1,467,455 | 433.8 | 3382.79 | — | 6 towns
Shilong town | 石龙镇 | Shílóng Zhèn | 141,850 | 11.3 | 12,553.09  | 441900102  | 3 | 7
Chashan town | 茶山镇 | Cháshān Zhèn | 156,522 | 51.0 | 3,069.05  | 441900103  | 2 | 16
Shipai town | 石排镇 | Shípái Zhèn | 160,202 | 56.0 | 2,860.75  | 441900104  | 1 | 18
Liaobu town | 寮步镇 | Liáobù Zhèn | 418,578 | 87.5 | 4783.74  | 441900111  | 10 | 20
Dalang town | 大朗镇 | Dàlǎng Zhèn | 310,889 | 118.0 | 2,634.65  | 441900113  | 12 | 16
Dalingshan town | 大岭山镇 | Dàlǐngshān Zhèn | 279,414 | 110.0 | 2,540.12  | 441900118  | 3 | 21
Dongbu Area | 东部片区 | Dōngbù Piànqū | 1,349,280 | 493.5 | 2734.10 | — | 7 towns
Qishi town | 企石镇 | Qǐshí Zhèn | 121,693 | 51.0 | 2,386.13  | 441900105  | 1 | 19
Hengli town | 横沥镇 | Hénglì Zhèn | 204,830 | 50.0 | 4,096.60  | 441900106  | 1 | 16
Qiaotou town | 桥头镇 | Qiáotóu Zhèn | 166,774 | 56.0 | 2,978.10  | 441900107  | 6 | 11
Xiegang town | 谢岗镇 | Xiègǎng Zhèn | 99,387 | 103.0 | 964.92  | 441900108  | 1 | 11
Dongkeng town | 东坑镇 | Dōngkēng Zhèn | 138,819 | 27.5 | 5,047.96  | 441900109  | 2 | 14
Changping town | 常平镇 | Chángpíng Zhèn | 386,378 | 108.0 | 3,577.57  | 441900110  | 2 | 31
Huangjiang town | 黄江镇 | Huángjiāng Zhèn | 231,399 | 98.0 | 2,361.21  | 441900114  | 7 |
Dongnan Area | 东南片区 |  Dōngnán Piànqū | 1,246,493 | 472.3 | 2639.19 | — | 4 towns
Zhangmutou town | 樟木头镇 | Zhāngmùtou Zhèn | 132,816 | 118.8 | 1,117.97  | 441900112  | 10 |
Qingxi town | 清溪镇 | Qīngxī Zhèn | 312,639 | 143.0 | 2,186.28  | 441900115  | 1 | 20
Tangxia town | 塘厦镇 | Tángxià Zhèn | 482,067 | 128.0 | 3,766.14  | 441900116  | 23 |
Fenggang town | 凤岗镇 | Fènggǎng Zhèn | 318,971 | 82.5 | 3,866.31  | 441900117  | 1 | 11
Binhai Area | 滨海片区 | Bīnhǎi Piànqū | 1,918,652 | 509.3 | 3767.23 | — | 4 towns
Chang'an town | 长安镇 | Cháng'ān Zhèn | 664,230 | 97.8 | 6,791.71  | 441900119  | 13 |
Humen town | 虎门镇 | Hǔmén Zhèn | 638,657 | 178.5 | 3,577.91  | 441900121  | 31 |
Houjie town | 厚街镇 | Hòujiē Zhèn | 438,283 | 126.0 | 3,478.43  | 441900122  | 24 |
Shatian town | 沙田镇 | Shātián Zhèn | 177,482 | 107.0 | 1,658.71  | 441900123  | 2 | 16
Shuixiang Area | 水乡片区 | Shuǐxiāng Piànqū | 543,632 | 261.5 | 2078.89 | — | 5 towns
Daojiao town | 道滘镇 | Dàojiào Zhèn | 143,107 | 63.0 | 2,271.53  | 441900124  | 1 | 13
Hongmei town | 洪梅镇 | Hóngméi Zhèn | 58,114 | 33.0 | 1,761.03  | 441900125  | 1 | 9
Machong town | 麻涌镇 | Máchǒng Zhèn | 118,062 | 74.0 | 1,595.43  | 441900126  | 2 | 13
Wangniudun town | 望牛墩镇 | Wàngniúdūn Zhèn | 84,786 | 31.5 | 2,685.65  | 441900127  | 1 | 21
Zhongtang town | 中堂镇 | Zhōngtáng Zhèn | 139,563 | 60.0 | 2,326.05  | 441900128  | 5 | 15
Special Jurisdictions | 441900400  | 3 |
Administrative divisions of Dongguan

Division code[32] | English name  | Chinese | Pinyin | Area in km2 | Population 2010[33] | Seat  | Postal code  | Divisions[34]
Subdistricts | Towns | Residential communities | Administrative villages
441900 | Dongguan City  | 东莞市 | Dōngguǎn Shì | 2,465.00 | 8,220,207 | City-administered District | 523000 | 4 | 28 | 248 | 350
441900 | City-administered District | 市辖区 | Shìxiáqū | 2,465.00 | 8,220,207 | Nancheng Subdistrict | 523000 | 4 | 28 | 248 | 350

## Transport

[edit]

Humen Pearl River Bridge Dongguan Rail Transit Line 2

### Air

[edit]

Dongguan is served by Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, but primarily[citation needed] by Hong Kong International Airport; ticketed passengers to HKIA can take ferries from the Humen Ferry Terminal in Humen to the HKIA Skypier.[35] There are also coach bus services connecting Dongguan with HKIA.[36]

### Road

[edit]

Many foreign travellers to Dongguan fly into Hong Kong, which gives visas on arrival to citizens of over 170 countries. After landing, visitors must apply for a visa to enter mainland China.[citation needed] One can travel from Hong Kong to Dongguan by bus, ferry, or train. Passengers travelling overland must disembark from their transport at the Hong Kong/China border to go through customs and immigration, except for those traveling on the Mass Transit Railway intercity services (former Kowloon–Canton Railway) from Hung Hom station to Dongguan, Guangzhou and beyond.

People can also choose to drive between Hong Kong and Dongguan. With the permitted business license plate and driver license, people can drive through the customs located at Shenzhen so that to get to Hong Kong. Normally, it takes three hours for driving. In 2018, G4 Expressway (Beijing - Hong Kong and Macau Expressway) was opened, and Dongguan is one of the cities that G4 Expressway approaches. This benefits people from Dongguan to travel to those cities on G4 Expressway.

The Humen Pearl River Bridge is a suspension bridge over the Pearl River. Completed in 1997, it has a main span of 888 meters (2,913 ft). Construction work on the Second Humen Pearl River Bridge will start in early 2014.

### Rail

[edit]

Dongguan serves as one of the regional railway hubs in Guangdong, where the Guangzhou–Kowloon railway, Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou railway and the Beijing–Kowloon railway converge. Rail services in and out of the city call at Dongguan railway station where there are direct train services to Guangzhou East railway station in Guangzhou; and Hung Hom railway station in Hong Kong. High-speed rail services are also available at Humen railway station.

Among the four metro lines (Line 1-Line 4) planned for the Dongguan Rail Transit, Line 2 was scheduled to open for operations in early 2015. This was delayed and opened in May 2016. Line 2 will link towns in Western Dongguan, thereby promoting the connection of the entire downtown area with Houjie, Humen and Chang'an. It will also support Dongguan's regional transportation with other cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong by joining with the rail transit junctions of the Pearl River Delta.[37]

## Sports and culture

[edit]

Basketball street art in Dongguan

Dongguan is dubbed as a "National Basketball City" and is the only prefecture-level city with three professional basketball clubs in China. Established in 1993, the Guangdong Southern Tigers are the first professional basketball club in China, and won eleven Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) championships.

The city hosted Weightlifting events during the 2010 Asian Games at the Dongguan Arena.[38]

The 16,000 seat Dongguan Basketball Center was one of the venues for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup.[39] The venue has also hosted the 2015 Sudirman Cup badminton tournament.[40]

Dongguan Yulan Theater is one of China's newest multipurpose performing arts venues. With its multi-layered exterior suggestive of an unfolding lotus petal, it has become a landmark in Dongguan city. The new cultural hub houses two theaters presenting a full schedule of performances, including Romeo and Juliet and the Chinese classic Butterfly Lovers. So far Dongguan has produced seven original musicals by its own and made a roadshow of 60 performances in over 30 cities of China.[41][citation needed]

## Social issues

[edit]

The city and province have been the recent focus of press and journalist attention with coverage of the many young Chinese workers, principally females (so-called factory girls), from agricultural areas who work in the area's factories and manufacturing/assembly facilities, where many are housed in large dormitories, usually several to a room.[42]

An article in the High Tech Misery in China series reports research conducted, over 2008 to 2009, on working conditions at one of the city's major keyboard makers (Dongguan Meitai Plastics & Electronics Factory); in it, Meitai factory won some unwanted attention due to the poor conditions for its young, mostly female workers. The article[43] includes details of those conditions, photos, translations of employer's rules and evidence that well-known computer brands use this keyboard supplier's products.

Also, Dongguan has built a notoriety within China for its various types of brothels, massage parlors, nightclubs, sauna centers and karaoke bars. The city had more than 120 top-end luxury hotels and hundreds of other mid-range places that offer illegal sexual services or lease floors to sex operators, and many parts of the broader service sector benefit from the trade brought by visitors.[44] Although much of the business is illegal, police operations to limit these activities were for a long time largely ineffective, in part because corrupt members of the local administration and other officials have business interests in the sector.[45][46] On 9 February 2014, CCTV aired a report about prostitution in Dongguan. In reaction, on the same day, Dongguan police launched a crackdown on brothels, massage parlors, nightclubs, sauna centres and karaoke bars, leading to some commentary that the city's days as China's sex capital were numbered.[47][48]

## Education

[edit]

The city is home to 650 educational institutions: one general college, a TV University as well as technical and vocational schools, 550 primary schools and 480 kindergartens. Also, Dongguan is home to a wide range of international schools due to the large expat community.

The number of professional teachers, including those at kindergartens, totals 20,268. A comparatively integrated educational system has been set up including preschool, basic, vocational, higher and lifelong adult education. Senior high school education has developed since 1995.

The Dongguan University of Technology is located in Dongguan.

Further information: Dongguan Middle School-SSL School

## Festivals

[edit]

Dongguan hosts the following annual festivals:[49]

* Dongguan Lingnan Arts Festival (January)
* Dongkeng Workers Festival (Second day of the second lunar month)
* Machong Guanyin Festival (Nineteenth day of the second lunar month)
* Qingxi Flower Festival (April)
* Tea Tea Garden Festival (April)
* Qiaotou Lotus Art Festival (June)
* Qishi Qiufeng Culture Festival (August)
* Machong "Scent of Four Seasons" Cultural Art Festival (September)
* Zhangmutou Hong Kong Tourism Festival (September)
* Fenggang Hakka Art Festival (During the Lunar Mid-autumn Festival)
* Xiegang Mountain Climbing Festival (Third week of September)
* (Tangxia) Band Festival (October)
* Shatian Water Culture Festival (October to November)
* Hengli Niuxu Folk Festival (November)
* Liaobu Tourism and Cultural Festival (December)

## See also

[edit]

* List of twin towns and sister cities in China
* Lanwa FC — former football club
* A Touch of Sin — a film that is partly set in Dongguan

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ /dʊŋˈɡwæn/;[3] Chinese: 东莞市; pinyin: Dōngguǎn Shì

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "China: Administrative Division of Guăngdōng / 广东省". Archived from the original on 2014-09-23. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
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21. ^ Dongguan - History Archived 2011-12-23 at the Wayback Machine, Dongguan Government
22. ^ Vogel, Ezra F. (October 1990). One Step Ahead in China: Guangdong Under Reform. Harvard University Press. pp. 225–. ISBN 978-0-674-63911-9.
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26. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
27. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
28. ^ "Extreme Temperatures Around the World". Retrieved 2024-09-28.
29. ^ 气候要素之气温 (in Simplified Chinese). 广东省气象局 and 东莞市气象局. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
30. ^ "DongGuan - Population". Archived from the original on 2011-10-22. Retrieved 2013-12-29.
31. ^ "Donguan's population approaches 8.22 million". Dongguan Today. 27 May 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013.
32. ^ a b 中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 (in Simplified Chinese). Ministry of Civil Affairs. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
33. ^ Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010年人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
34. ^ Ministry of Civil Affairs (August 2014). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7130-9.
35. ^ "Ferry Transfer Archived 2018-05-08 at the Wayback Machine." Hong Kong International Airport. Retrieved on May 8, 2018.
36. ^ "Mainland Coaches Archived 2018-05-08 at the Wayback Machine." Hong Kong International Airport. Retrieved on May 8, 2018.
37. ^ Dongguan Railway Line R2 Archived 2014-03-24 at the Wayback Machine, Dongguantoday
38. ^ "Guangzhou Asian Games Venues and Transportation". Archived from the original on 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
39. ^ The Official website of the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup Archived 2017-07-22 at the Wayback Machine, FIBA.com, Retrieved 9 March 2016.
40. ^ "Badminton: Jakarta to stage 2015 BWF Worlds; Dongguan to host Sudirman Cup". SportAsia. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
41. ^ "莞产音乐剧 第七部了！_文化频道_东莞阳光网". culture.sun0769.com. Archived from the original on 19 November 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
42. ^ Chang, Leslie T., Factory Girls: From Village to City In A Changing China, New York: Random House (2008), ISBN 978-0-385-52017-1
43. ^ The Dehumanization of Young Workers Producing Our Computer Keyboards, New York: The National Labor Committee
http://www.nlcnet.org/admin/media/document/China/2009_meitai/HIGHTECH_MISERY_CHINA_WEB.pdf Archived 2009-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
http://wen.org.cn/xu/HIGHTECH_MISERY_CHINA_WEB.pdf Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine (Feb 2009, pp 63)
44. ^ "Sex trade goes underground in China's 'sin city'". CNN. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
45. ^ "Crackdown fails to scare Dongguan's sex-trade veterans". South China Morning Post. 26 November 2009. Archived from the original on 2 June 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
46. ^ Party chief vows to crack down but excessive measures will be avoided Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine, SCMP, 26 Nov 2009
47. ^ 东莞6525名警力查涉黄场所 涉事派出所长全停职. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
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49. ^ "Special Festival in Dongguan - Dongguan, where vibrance blossoms everyday!". Archived from the original on 2014-03-23. Retrieved 2014-03-23.

* Economic profile for Dongguan at HKTDC

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dongguan.

Look up Dongguan or Tung-kuan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dongguan.

* HERE! Dongguan – Your English Guide to a Bustling City Archived 2018-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
* Dongguan Expats – Expatacular! – Global Expat Community
* Hello! Dongguan A general introduction to the city of DG
* www.dongguantoday.com Government funded website, giving a full range of information about Dongguan
* Dongguan Live a.k.a. Don't Worry Be Happy[permanent dead link‍] A series of videos about something fun to do in DG
* Dongguan Foreign Investment Promotion Bureau
* Dongguan City Government
* Dongguan Bureau of Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation (in Chinese and English)
* IATT – International Association for Technology Trade

* v
* t
* e

Dongguan

Chengqu Area*|

* Dongcheng Subdistrict
* Guancheng Subdistrict
* Nancheng Subdistrict
* Wanjiang Subdistrict
* Shijie town
* Gaobu town

Songshanhu Area*|

* Chashan town
* Dalang town
* Dalingshan town
* Liaobu town
* Shilong town
* Shipai town

Dongbu Chanyeyuan Area*|

* Changping town
* Dongkeng town
* Hengli town
* Huangjiang town
* Qiaotou town
* Qishi town
* Xiegang town

Dongnan Linshen Area*|

* Fenggang town
* Qingxi town
* Tangxia town
* Zhongtang town

Binhai Area*|

* Chang'an town
* Houjie town
* Humen town
* Shatian town

Shuixiang Xincheng Area*|

* Daojiao town
* Hongmei town
* Machong town
* Wangniudun town
* Zhangmutou town

* Not a formal administrative subdivision

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Guangdong topics

Guangzhou (capital)

General|

* History
* Politics
* Economy

Geography|

* Cities
* Metropolitan areas
* Chaoshan
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* Sanyi (Sam Yup)
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* Leizhou Peninsula
* Regions
* Pearl River Delta
* Yuexi
* Yuebei
* Yuedong
* Pearl River
* East River
* West River
* Nanling Mountains
* Pratas Island and the Vereker Banks (claimed)
* Shamian Island

Education|

* Guangzhou Education
* Shenzhen Education

Culture|

* Lingnan culture
* Cantonese people
* Varieties of Chinese
* Yue Chinese
* Hailufeng
* Teochew
* Hakka
* Lingnan architecture
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* Music
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* Cantonese lion dance
* Wong Tai Sin
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* Red cotton flower
* Cantonese folktales
* The Legend of Five Goats
* Villain hitting
* Hakka people
* Teochew people
* Zhuang people
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Cuisine|

* Cantonese cuisine
* Beef chow fun
* Chow mein
* Char siu
* Roasted suckling pig
* Bird's nest soup
* Seafood birdsnest
* Shumai
* Cantonese fried rice
* Dim sum
* Yum cha
* Leung cha
* Tong sui
* Hakka cuisine
* Teochew cuisine

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

County-level divisions of Guangdong Province

Guangzhou (capital)

Sub-provincial
cities|

| Guangzhou|

* Baiyun District
* Conghua District
* Haizhu District
* Huadu District
* Huangpu District
* Liwan District
* Nansha
* Nansha New Area
* Guangdong Free-Trade Zone
* Panyu District
* Tianhe District
* Yuexiu District
* Zengcheng District

|

Shenzhen|

* Bao'an District
* Futian District
* Guangming District
* Longgang District
* Dapeng New District
* Longhua District
* Luohu District
* Nanshan District
* Qianhai SZ-HK MSIC Zone
* Guangdong Free-Trade Zone
* Pingshan District
* Yantian District

Prefecture-level
cities|

| Shaoguan|

* Qujiang District
* Wujiang District
* Zhenjiang District
* Lechang city
* Nanxiong city
* Renhua County
* Shixing County
* Wengyuan County
* Xinfeng County
* Ruyuan County

|

Zhuhai|

* Doumen District
* Jinwan District
* Xiangzhou District
* Hengqin New Area
* Guangdong Free-Trade Zone

Shantou|

* Chaonan District
* Chaoyang District
* Chenghai District
* Haojiang District
* Jinping District
* Longhu District
* Nan'ao County

Foshan|

* Chancheng District
* Gaoming District
* Nanhai District
* Sanshui District
* Shunde District

Jiangmen|

* Jianghai District
* Pengjiang District
* Xinhui District
* Enping city
* Heshan city
* Kaiping city
* Taishan city

Zhanjiang|

* Chikan District
* Mazhang District
* Potou District
* Xiashan District
* Leizhou city
* Lianjiang city
* Wuchuan city
* Suixi County
* Xuwen County

Maoming|

* Maonan District
* Dianbai District
* Gaozhou city
* Huazhou city
* Xinyi city

Zhaoqing|

* Dinghu District
* Duanzhou District
* Gaoyao District
* Sihui city
* Deqing County
* Fengkai County
* Guangning County
* Huaiji County

Huizhou|

* Huicheng District
* Huiyang District
* Boluo County
* Huidong County
* Longmen County

Meizhou|

* Meijiang District
* Meixian District
* Xingning city
* Dabu County
* Fengshun County
* Jiaoling County
* Pingyuan County
* Wuhua County

Shanwei|

* Cheng District
* Lufeng city
* Haifeng County
* Luhe County

Heyuan|

* Yuancheng District
* Heping County
* Lianping County
* Longchuan County
* Dongyuan County
* Zijin County

Yangjiang|

* Jiangcheng District
* Yangdong District
* Yangchun city
* Yangxi County

Qingyuan|

* Qingcheng District
* Qingxin District
* Lianzhou city
* Yingde city
* Fogang County
* Yangshan County
* Liannan County
* Lianshan County

Dongguan|

* v
* t
* e

Dongguan

Chengqu Area*|

* Dongcheng Subdistrict
* Guancheng Subdistrict
* Nancheng Subdistrict
* Wanjiang Subdistrict
* Shijie town
* Gaobu town

Songshanhu Area*|

* Chashan town
* Dalang town
* Dalingshan town
* Liaobu town
* Shilong town
* Shipai town

Dongbu Chanyeyuan Area*|

* Changping town
* Dongkeng town
* Hengli town
* Huangjiang town
* Qiaotou town
* Qishi town
* Xiegang town

Dongnan Linshen Area*|

* Fenggang town
* Qingxi town
* Tangxia town
* Zhongtang town

Binhai Area*|

* Chang'an town
* Houjie town
* Humen town
* Shatian town

Shuixiang Xincheng Area*|

* Daojiao town
* Hongmei town
* Machong town
* Wangniudun town
* Zhangmutou town

* Not a formal administrative subdivision

Zhongshan|

* v
* t
* e

Zhongshan

Zhongxin Area*|

* Dongqu Subdistrict
* Nanqu Subdistrict
* Shiqi Subdistrict
* Xiqu Subdistrict
* Wuguishan Subdistrict
* Gangkou town
* Dachong town
* Shaxi town

Dongbu Area*|

* Zhongshangang Subdistrict
* Nanlang Subdistrict
* Cuiheng New Area

Dongbei Area*|

* Minzhong Subdistrict
* Huangpu town
* Sanjiao town

Xibei Area*|

* Dongfeng town
* Fusha town
* Guzhen town
* Henglan town
* Nantou town
* Xiaolan town

Nanbu Area*|

* Banfu town
* Sanxiang town
* Shenwan town
* Tanzhou town

* Not a formal administrative subdivision

Chaozhou|

* Xiangqiao District
* Chao'an District
* Fengxi Mgmt Dist
* Raoping County

Jieyang|

* Rongcheng District
* Jiedong District
* Puning city
* Huilai County
* Jiexi County

Yunfu|

* Yuncheng District
* Yun'an District
* Luoding city
* Xinxing County
* Yunan County

* Guangdong township-level divisions
* Guangdong Free-Trade Zone

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Largest cities in Guangdong

Source: China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population

|  | Rank  |  | Pop.  | Rank  |  | Pop. |

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Guangzhou

Shenzhen | 1 | Guangzhou | 13,154,200 | 11 | Maoming | 849,700  |
Dongguan

Shantou
2 | Shenzhen | 13,026,600 | 12 | Zhaoqing | 820,600
3 | Dongguan | 6,850,300 | 13 | Chaozhou | 775,800
4 | Shantou | 2,796,400 | 14 | Shaoguan | 647,300
5 | Zhuhai | 2,779,800 | 15 | Puning | 619,100
6 | Huizhou | 2,396,400 | 16 | Zhongshan | 572,000
7 | Foshan | 1,872,500 | 17 | Qingyuan | 534,200
8 | Jiangmen | 1,386,500 | 18 | Yangjiang | 507,800
9 | Zhanjiang | 917,800 | 19 | Meizhou | 469,500
10 | Jieyang | 860,000 | 20 | Gaozhou | 364,400

* v
* t
* e

Prefecture-level divisions of China

Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city [zh]" (较大的市) as approved by the State Council

| Provinces|

| Anhui|

* *Hefei
* Wuhu
* Bengbu
* Huainan
* Ma'anshan
* Huaibei
* Tongling
* Anqing
* Huangshan
* Chuzhou
* Fuyang
* Suzhou
* Lu'an
* Bozhou
* Chizhou
* Xuancheng

|

Fujian|

* *Fuzhou
* ★Xiamen
* Putian
* Sanming
* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Nanping
* Longyan
* Ningde

Gansu|

* *Lanzhou
* Jiayuguan
* Jinchang
* Baiyin
* Tianshui
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Pingliang
* Jiuquan
* Qingyang
* Dingxi
* Longnan
* Linxia (Hui)
* Gannan (Tibetan)

Guangdong|

* *★Guangzhou
* ★Shenzhen
* Shaoguan
* Zhuhai
* Shantou
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Zhanjiang
* Maoming
* Zhaoqing
* Huizhou
* Meizhou
* Yangjiang
* Shanwei
* Heyuan
* Qingyuan
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Jieyang
* Yunfu

Guizhou|

* *Guiyang
* Liupanshui
* Zunyi
* Anshun
* Bijie
* Tongren
* Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)

Hainan|

* *Haikou
* Sanya
* Danzhou
* Sansha
* *Wuzhishan
* *Qionghai
* *Wenchang
* *Wanning
* *Dongfang
* *Ding'an County
* *Tunchang County
* *Chengmai County
* *Lingao County
* *Baisha County (Li)
* *Changjiang County (Li)
* *Ledong County (Li)
* *Lingshui County (Li)
* *Baoting County (Li and Miao)
* *Qiongzhong County (Li and Miao)

Hebei|

* *Shijiazhuang
* ✧Tangshan
* Qinhuangdao
* Handan
* Xingtai
* Baoding
* Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"
* Chengde
* Cangzhou
* Langfang
* Hengshui

Henan|

* *Zhengzhou
* Kaifeng
* Luoyang
* Pingdingshan
* Anyang
* Hebi
* Xinxiang
* Jiaozuo
* Puyang
* Xuchang
* Luohe
* Sanmenxia
* Nanyang
* Shangqiu
* Xinyang
* Zhoukou
* Zhumadian
* *Jiyuan

Hubei|

* *★Wuhan
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jingzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou
* Enshi (Tujia and Miao)
* *Xiantao
* *Qianjiang
* *Tianmen
* *Shennongjia Forestry District

Heilongjiang|

* *★Harbin
* Qiqihar
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yichun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua
* Daxing'anling Prefecture

Hunan|

* *Changsha
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi
* Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)

Jilin|

* *★Changchun
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng
* Yanbian (Korean)

Jiangsu|

* *★Nanjing
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Changzhou
* ✧Suzhou
* Nantong
* Lianyungang
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Taizhou
* Suqian

Jiangxi|

* *Nanchang
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yichun
* Fuzhou
* Shangrao

Liaoning|

* *★Shenyang
* ★Dalian
* Anshan
* Fushun
* Benxi
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Qinghai|

* *Xining
* Haidong
* Haibei (Tibetan)
* Huangnan (Tibetan)
* Hainan (Tibetan)
* Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)
* Yushu (Tibetan)
* Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)

Sichuan|

* *★Chengdu
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Bazhong
* Ziyang
* Ya'an
* Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)
* Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)
* Liangshan (Yi)

Shaanxi|

* *★Xi'an
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yulin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Shandong|

* *★Jinan
* ★Qingdao
* Zibo
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Shanxi|

* *Taiyuan
* Datong
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Taiwan|

* *Taibei
* Gaoxiong
* Xinbei
* Taizhong
* Tainan
* Taoyuan

Yunnan|

* *Kunming
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang
* Chuxiong (Yi)
* Honghe (Hani and Yi)
* Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)
* Xishuangbanna (Dai)
* Dali (Bai)
* Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)
* Nujiang (Lisu)
* Dêqên (Tibetan)

Zhejiang|

* *★Hangzhou
* ★Ningbo
* ✧Wenzhou
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Taizhou
* Lishui

Autonomous
regions|

| Guangxi|

* *Nanning
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yulin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

|

Ningxia|

* *Yinchuan
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Inner
Mongolia|

* *Hohhot
* ✧Baotou
* Wuhai
* Chifeng "Ulankhad"
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur "Bayannao'er"
* Ulanqab
* Hinggan League
* Xilingol League
* Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"

Xinjiang|

* *Ürümqi
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami
* Changji (Hui)
* Bortala (Mongol)
* Bayingolin (Mongol)
* Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)
* ( ☆Ili (Kazakh)
* Tacheng Prefecture
* Altay Prefecture )
* Aksu Prefecture
* Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture
* Hotan Prefecture
* *Shihezi
* *Aral
* *Tumxuk
* *Wujiaqu
* *Beitun
* *Tiemenguan
* *Shuanghe
* *Kokdala
* *Kunyu
* *Huyanghe
* *Xinxing

Tibet|

* *Lhasa
* Shigatse "Xigazê"
* Chamdo "Qamdo"
* Nyingchi "Linzhi"
* Shannan
* Nagqu
* Ngari Prefecture

| Direct-administered municipalities|

* Beijing
* Tianjin
* Shanghai
* Chongqing

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China

* v
* t
* e

Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region (Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area)

Pearl River Delta Economic Zone

Guangdong Province|

* Guangzhou
* Panyu
* Huadu
* Nansha
* Zengcheng
* Conghua
* Shenzhen
* Bao'an
* Zhuhai
* Hengqin
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Cuiheng
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Enping
* Taishan
* Kaiping
* Heshan
* Huizhou
* Zhaoqing
* Sihui
* Gaoyao

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* New Territories
* Kowloon
* Hong Kong Island
* Macau
* Macau Peninsula
* Taipa
* Coloane
* Cotai

* v
* t
* e

Major cities along the Pearl River

Cities (from upper reaches to lower reaches)

Major
tributaries|

* v
* t
* e

Bei River

Bei|

* Nanxiong
* Shaoguan
* Zhenjiang
* Wujiang
* Qujiang
* Yingde
* Qingyuan
* Qingxin
* Qingcheng
* Foshan
* Sanshui
* waterways with Xi
* Nanhai
* Chancheng
* Sanshui
* Guangzhou
* Panyu
* Nansha
* merged into the Shiziyang

* v
* t
* e

Dong River

Dong|

* Heyuan
* Yuancheng
* Huizhou
* Huicheng
* Dongguan
* Guangzhou
* Zengcheng
* Huangpu
* merged into the Shiziyang

* v
* t
* e

Xi River

Xi|

| Gui→Li|

* Guilin
* Diecai
* Qixing
* Xiufeng
* Xiangshan
* Yanshan
* Wuzhou
* Changzhou
* Wanxiu
* merged into the Xi

|

Xun|

| Yong→Yu|

| Zuo|

* Chongzuo
* Jiangzhou
* Nanning
* Jiangnan
* Xixiangtang
* merged into the Yong→Yu

|

You|

* Baise
* Youjiang
* Nanning
* Xixiangtang
* merged into the Yong→Yu

* tributaries of Zuo & You
* Nanning
* Jiangnan
* Xixiangtang
* Qingxiu
* Liangqing
* Yongning
* Guigang
* Qintang
* Gangnan
* Gangbei
* Guiping
* merged into the Xun

Qian|

| Liu|

| Long|

* Hechi
* Jinchengjiang
* Yizhou
* merged into the Liu

|

Rong|

* Liuzhou
* Liubei
* Liunan
* Chengzhong
* Yufeng
* merged into the Liu

* tributaries of Long & Rong
* merged into the Qian

Hongshui|

| Beipan|

* Xuanwei
* Liupanshui
* Liuzhi
* merged into the Hongshui

|

Nanpan|

* Qujing
* Qilin
* merged into the Hongshui

* tributaries of Beipan & Nanpan
* Heshan
* Laibin
* Xingbin
* merged into the Qian

* tributaries of Liu & Hongshui
* Guiping
* merged into the Xun

* tributaries of Yong→Yu & Qian
* Wuzhou
* Changzhou
* Longxu
* Wanxiu
* merged into the Xi

* tributaries of Gui→Li & Xun
* Wuzhou
* Wanxiu
* Yunfu
* Yun'an
* Zhaoqing
* Gaoyao
* Duanzhou
* Dinghu
* Foshan
* Sanshui
* waterways with Bei
* Gaoming
* Nanhai
* Shunde
* Heshan
* Jiangmen
* Pengjiang
* waterways with Shiziyang & Lingdingyang
* Zhongshan
* Jiangmen
* Jianghai
* Xinhui
* Zhuhai
* Doumen
* Jinwan
* Xiangzhou
* South China Sea

Pearl River

Pearl|

* Guangzhou (Baiyun
* Liwan
* Haizhu
* Yuexiu
* Tianhe
* Huangpu)
* Foshan (Nanhai)
* Dongguan
* Shiziyang

Shiziyang|

* Pearl
* tributary of Dong
* Dongguan
* Guangzhou
* Panyu
* tributary of Bei
* Nansha
* waterways with Xi
* Lingdingyang

Lingdingyang|

* Shiziyang
* Guangzhou
* Nansha
* waterways with Xi
* Zhongshan
* Shenzhen
* Bao'an
* Guangming
* Longhua
* Nanshan
* Futian
* Luohu
* Yantian
* Longgang
* Pingshan
* Dapeng
* Zhuhai
* Xiangzhou
* Jinwan
* Doumen
* Hong Kong
* New Territories
* Hong Kong Island
* Kowloon
* Macau
* Macau Peninsula
* Jiuzhouyang

Jiuzhouyang|

* Lingdingyang
* Macau
* Taipa
* Coloane
* Cotai
* South China Sea

Major cities along the Yangtze River · Major cities along the Yellow River

* v
* t
* e

World's 50 most-populous urban areas

|  |

1. Tokyo
2. Jakarta
3. Delhi
4. Guangzhou–Foshan
5. Mumbai
6. Manila
7. Shanghai
8. Seoul
9. Cairo
10. Mexico City

11. Kolkata
12. São Paulo
13. New York
14. Karachi
15. Dhaka
16. Bangkok
17. Beijing
18. Moscow
19. Shenzhen
20. Buenos Aires

21. Los Angeles
22. Johannesburg-Pretoria
23. Bengaluru
24. Chengdu
25. Ho Chi Minh City
26. Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto
27. Lagos
28. Istanbul
29. Lahore
30. Kinshasa–Brazzaville

31. Tehran
32. Chongqing
33. Rio de Janeiro
34. Xi'an
35. Chennai
36. Paris
37. Zhengzhou
38. Luanda
39. London
40. Dongguan

41. Lima
42. Wuhan
43. Bogotá
44. Tianjin
45. Hyderabad
46. Taipei
47. Hangzhou
48. Nagoya
49. Surabaya
50. Bandung

|
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Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

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