Drobytsky Yar

Ravine and Holocaust site in Kharkiv, Ukraine

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Drobytsky Yar

Memorial entrance sign

Location| Kharkiv, Ukraine
Incident type| Mass murder
Victims| 16,000–30,000 civilians

Immovable Monument of Local Significance of Ukraine

Official name| Меморіальний комплекс «Дробицький Яр» (Drobytskyi Yar memorial complex)
Type| History, Monumental Art
Reference no.| 2656-Ха

Drobytsky Yar is a ravine in Kharkiv, Ukraine and the site of Nazi massacres during the Holocaust in Ukraine. Starting in October 1941, Nazi troops occupied Kharkiv and began preparations for the mass-murder of the local population. Over the following months, members of the Einsatzgruppen murdered an estimated 16,000–30,000 local residents, mainly Jews. Notably on 15 December 1941, when the temperature was −15 °C (5 °F), around 15,000 Jews were shot. Children were thrown into pits alive, to save bullets, in the expectation that they would quickly freeze to death.[1] The site's menorah monument was allegedly damaged by Russia on March 26, 2022 in an artillery exchange during the invasion of Ukraine.[2]

## Memorial

[edit]

In the beginning of the 1990s, a competition was held for the best design of the memorial to immortalize the thousands of citizens murdered by the Nazis. Twenty-nine designs were submitted. The winner was the architect A. Leibfreid. The construction of the complex lasted several years however it was suspended due to the lack of funds.

At a meeting in late August 2001, the Kharkiv Oblast administration decided to resume the construction of the memorial. The oblast authorities supervised the construction process. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine allotted 600,000 hryvens for the construction. Contributions have also been made by city and oblast administrations, as well as by sponsors.[citation needed]

The Drobytsky Menorah, which was smashed by Russian military forces in March 2022

On 13 December 2002 the President of Ukraine, Leonid Kuchma, opened the memorial.

The main part of the memorial is a monument symbolizing a synagogue, with the Ten Commandments between its columns; most notably: "Do not kill". The memorial begins with a monument stylized under a Jewish menorah. A road leads from a black menorah to a white main building of the complex. Thousands of Kharkiv Jews took their last steps along it in 1941/1942. These dates are found on the wall of the main arched building. Underground is a hall of memory; the wall will bear the names of known victims.

The site includes two burials area. One trench is 100 m long and the other is 60 m. The Kharkiv archives contain data on fifteen thousand victims. However, the "Drobytsky Yar" foundation considers the number of victims to be closer to thirty thousand.

180 tons[vague] of a Zhytomyr granite was used in the construction of the memorial. This is the same material that was used for Lenin's Mausoleum. Due to the granite's particular qualities (it has reddish veins), the stones lying at the menorah's foot seem to bleed.[3]

As of 2006 the names of 4,300 of the 16,000 victims were etched on an underground memorial wall, illuminated by candlelight, in a room called "Room of Tragedy".[4]

On 26 March 2022 it was reported that Russian artillery fire had damaged the menorah sculpture.[5][6] This allegation was made by Ukrainian government officials, then relayed by the Ukrainian embassy in Israel and the Israeli Ambassador to Ukraine Michael Brodsky.[2]

## Museum

[edit]

On 27 January 2002, a new exposition in the Kharkiv City Holocaust Museum was officially opened. The exposition was created in December 2001, when Kharkiv commemorated the 60th anniversary of the Drobytsky Yar massacre. Excursions to the ravine had already been held before, but the official opening was on 27 January, the anniversary of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp's 1945 liberation (later designated International Holocaust Remembrance Day). Six candles were lit in memory of the six million Jews murdered in the Holocaust.[7]

## Gallery

[edit]

* Memorial sign

* Killing fields (the sign reads 'Burial place')

* Memorial stone

* Original Soviet monument (on the left) on the killing site

* Killing site with memorial stone

* Facade of main memorial

* Facade of main memorial

* Distant view of main memorial

* Panorama of killing site with memorial stone

* Menorah monument

* The "room of tragedy" with names of victims

* Detail of Jewish star on padded jacket

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Трагедія, про яку дехто не дуже хотів знати. Геннадій КАРПЮК | Історія | Людина". Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
2. ^ a b "Ukraine says Holocaust memorial smashed in Russian strikes near Kharkiv". Times of Israel. March 26, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
3. ^ Observer
4. ^ Greg Dawson (2009). "A return to Ukraine". Orlando Sentinel.
5. ^ Lonas, Lexi (March 26, 2022). "Russian military damages Holocaust memorial near city of Kharkiv". The Hill. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
6. ^ "Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center on Twitter: "#Russia continues to attack not only the civilian population of #Ukraine but also the places of remembrance. Russians shelled another Holocaust memorial. This time, Russian artillery damaged the Menorah monument in Drobytsky Yar near Kharkiv". Twitter. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
7. ^ Museum website (in Russian) Archived October 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Drobytsky Yar memorial.

* Official website of the memorial complex "Drobitsky Yar"
* Kharkov Charitable fund "to Victims of Holocaust in Drobitskiy Yar"
* Memorial information

49°56′5.23″N 36°26′55.36″E﻿ / ﻿49.9347861°N 36.4487111°E﻿ / 49.9347861; 36.4487111

* v
* t
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The Holocaust in Ukraine

Main article
The Holocaust
Related articles by country
Belarus
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russia

People|

| Perpetrators|

* Gheorghe Alexianu
* Ion Antonescu
* Paul Blobel
* Werner Braune
* Kurt Eberhard
* Hermann Fegelein
* Lothar Fendler
* Hans Frank
* Günther Herrmann
* Friedrich Jeckeln
* Ernst Kaltenbrunner
* Fritz Katzmann
* Erich Koch
* Felix Landau
* Gustav Adolf Nosske
* Hans von Obstfelder
* Otto Ohlendorf
* Hans-Adolf Prützmann
* Paul Otto Radomski
* Otto Rasch
* Walter von Reichenau
* Walter Schimana
* Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
* Heinz Schubert
* Erwin Schulz
* Heinrich Seetzen
* Hans Graf von Sponeck
* Otto Wächter
* Dieter Wisliceny

|

Collaborators|

* John Demjanjuk
* Feodor Fedorenko
* Anatoliy Kabayda
* Vladimir Katriuk
* Vasyl Meleshko
* Hryhoriy Vasiura
* Petro Voinovsky
* Petro Zakhvalynsky

Victims|

* Tatiana Markus

Rescuers|

* Ukrainian Righteous Among the Nations
* Aleksei Glagolev
* Hermann Friedrich Graebe
* Omelyan Kovch
* Traian Popovici
* Klymentiy Sheptytsky
* Yurii Sokolov

Organizations|

| Perpetrators|

* Einsatzgruppen
* Nachtigall Battalion
* Police Regiment South
* Royal Romanian Army
* Schutzmannschaft
* Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
* Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA)
* Ukrainian People's Militia

|

Events|

* Artemivsk
* Babi Yar
* memorials
* Bila Tserkva massacre
* Drobytsky Yar
* Durchgangsstrasse IV
* Kamianets-Podilskyi
* Lviv pogroms
* Odessa massacre
* Pripyat Marshes massacres
* Sarny massacre

Places|

* Bogdanovka concentration camp
* Drohobycz Ghetto
* Mizocz Ghetto
* Syrets concentration camp
* Vapniarka concentration camp
* Pechora concentration camp
* Janowska concentration camp
* Priest's Grotto

Evidence|

* Graebe affidavit
* Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph
* Katzmann Report
* Generalplan Ost
* Sonderaktion 1005
* The Last Jew in Vinnitsa
* Deutsche Volksliste

Trials|

* Einsatzgruppen trial
* Kharkov Trial
* Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission

Books & films|

* Luboml: My Heart Remembers
* No Place on Earth
* She Paid the Ultimate Price
* The Lemberg Mosaic
* The White Hotel
* Word of the Righteous

See also
History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
Transnistria Governorate

* v
* t
* e

Massacres or pogroms against Jews

1st – 13th century|

| 1–999|

* Alexandrian pogrom (38)
* 2nd Alexandrian pogrom (66)

| Jewish revolts|

* The Great Revolt (66–73)
* Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136)
* Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus (351–352)
* Jewish revolt against Heraclius (614–617)
* Battle of Khaybar (628 CE)

|

1000–1299|

* Córdoba massacre (1013)
* Fez massacre (1033)
* Granada massacre (1066)

| Rhineland massacres (1096)|

* Worms
* Speyer
* Mainz

|

* Ham massacre (1143)
* Massacres at London and York (1189–1190)
* Rintfleisch massacres (1298)

14th – 19th century|

| 1300–1599|

* Shepherds' Crusade (1320)
* Navarre pogrom (1328)
* Armleder persecutions (1336–1339)

| Persecution of Jews during the Black Death (1348–1350)|

* Erfurt
* Basel
* Speyer
* Strasbourg
* Zurich

|

* Toledo massacre (1355)
* Brussels massacre (1370)
* 1391 pogroms (1391)
* Schaffhausen Massacre (1401)
* Moroccan revolution (1465)
* Córdoba pogrom (1473)
* Massacre of the Assumption (1474)
* Spanish Inquisition (1478)
* Arles pogrom (1484)
* Lisbon massacre (1506)
* Hebron pogrom (1517)
* Safed pogrom (1517)
* Portuguese Inquisition (1536)

1600–1899|

* Chmielnicki massacres (1648–1657)
* Safed massacre (1660)
* Mawza Exile (1679)
* Meknes pogrom (1728)
* Massacre of Uman (1768)
* Tétouan pogrom (1790)
* Algiers massacre (1805)
* Hep-Hep riots (1819)
* First Odessa pogrom (1821)
* Baghdad massacre (1828)
* Tzfat pogrom (1834)
* Hebron pogrom (1834)
* Safed massacre (1838)
* Allahdad (1839)
* Damascus affair (1840)
* Second Odessa pogrom (1859)
* Tétouan massacre (1860)
* Third Odessa pogrom (1871)

| Russian Empire (1881–1884)|

* Kiev
* Warsaw
* Fourth Odessa pogrom

|

* Corfu pogrom (1891)
* 1898 Algerian riots (1898)

20th century|

| 1900–1937|

* Częstochowa pogrom (1902)
* First Kishinev pogrom (1903)
* Zablotov pogrom (1903)
* Kiev pogrom (1905)
* Fifth Odessa pogrom (1905)
* Second Kishinev pogrom (1905)
* Białystok pogrom (1906)
* Siedlce pogrom (1906)
* Casablanca massacre (1907)
* Shiraz pogrom (1910)
* The Tritl (1912)
* Lwów pogrom (1914)
* Skver pogrom (1917)
* Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation (1917)
* Kielce pogrom (1918)
* Lwów pogrom (1918)
* Anti-Jewish violence in Czechoslovakia (1918–1920)
* 1920 Nebi Musa riots

| Russian Civil War (1918–1920)|

* Lida
* Radomyshl
* Justingrad
* Skver
* Zviahel
* Pinsk
* Fastov
* Proskurov
* Kiev

|

* Zavirtcha pogrom (1921)
* Oradea pogrom [hu] (1927)
* Safed massacre (1929)
* Hebron massacre (1929)
* Campbell pogrom (1931)
* Constantine riots (1934)
* Thrace pogroms (1934)
* The Bloody Day in Jaffa (1936)
* Przytyk pogrom (1936)
* Brest pogrom [de; pl] (1937)

1938–1945|

| 1938|

* Tiberias massacre
* Kristallnacht

|

1939|

* Częstochowa
* Krasnosielc
* Będzin
* Wyszków
* Koźmice Wielkie
* Dynów
* Ostrów Mazowiecka

|

1940|

* Dorohoi pogrom

|

1941|

* Bucharest
* Antwerp
* Gabès
* Kaunas (June)
* Dobromil
* Szczuczyn
* Białystok
* Iași
* Lviv
* Wąsosz
* Jedwabne
* Farhud
* Ponary
* Tykocin
* Kamianets-Podilskyi
* Babi Yar
* Odessa
* Švenčionėliai
* Kaunas (October)
* Rumbula
* The Holocaust (1941–1945)

|

1942|

* Dünamünde Action
* Dzyatlava
* Łużki
* Iwieniec
* Marków
* Horodziej
* Mereczowszczyzna
* Sarny

|

1943|

* Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
* Kielce cemetery massacre
* Operation Harvest Festival

|

1944|

* Ardeatine massacre
* Luduș massacre
* Sărmașu massacre
* Kremnička and Nemecká massacres (1944–1945)

|

1945|

* Stary Jaromierz
* Leśno
* Deutsch Schützen
* Kraków
* Topoľčan
* Cairo
* Tripolitania

|

1946–1999|

| 1946|

* Kielce
* Kunmadaras
* Miskolc

|

1947|

* Fajja bus attacks
* Haifa Oil Refinery
* Aden
* Aleppo
* Manama

|

1948|

* Tripoli
* Djerada
* Ben Yehuda Street bombing
* Cairo bombings
* Kfar Etzion massacre

|

1949|

* Menarsha synagogue attack

|

1950s–1960s|

* Night of the Murdered Poets (1952)
* Scorpion Pass massacre (1954)
* Istanbul pogrom (1955)
* Shafrir synagogue shooting (1956)
* Tripoli pogrom (1967)
* Purge of Polish Jews (1968)

|

1970s|

* Avivim school bus bombing (1970)
* Munich massacre (1972)
* Lod Airport massacre (1972)
* Ma'alot massacre (1974)
* Kiryat Shmona massacre (1974)
* Ben Yehuda Street bombing (1975)
* Coastal Road massacre (1978)
* Nahariya massacre (1979)

|

1980s|

* Paris synagogue bombing (1980)
* Antwerp summer camp attack (1980)
* Antwerp bombing (1981)
* Vienna synagogue attack (1981)
* Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant attack (1982)
* Ras Burqa massacre (1985)
* Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre (1986)
* Purim stabbing (1989)

|

1990s|

* Cairo bus attack (1990)
* Crown Heights riot (1991)
* AMIA bombing (1994)
* Dizengoff Street bus bombing (1994)
* Beit Lid massacre (1995)
* Purim massacre (1996)
* Island of Peace massacre (1997)
* Mahane Yehuda Market bombings (1997)

|

21st century|

| 2000–2009|

| 2001|

* Dolphinarium discotheque massacre
* Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing

|

2002|

* Ghriba synagogue bombing
* Hadera attack
* Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre
* Passover massacre
* Matza restaurant suicide bombing
* Hebrew University bombing
* Rishon LeZion bombing
* Matzuva attack
* Hebron ambush

|

2003|

* Istanbul
* Tel Aviv Central bus station massacre
* Davidka Square bus bombing
* Café Hillel bombing
* Maxim restaurant suicide bombing
* Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing
* Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing

|

2004–2009|

* Beersheba bus bombings (2004)
* Ashdod Port bombings (2004)
* Tel Aviv shawarma bombing (2006)
* Jerusalem yeshiva attack (2008)

|

2010–2019|

* Itamar attack (2011)
* Burgas bus bombing (2012)
* Toulouse and Montauban shootings (2012)
* Jerusalem synagogue massacre (2014)
* Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting (2014)
* Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting (2014)
* January 2015 Île-de-France attacks (2015)
* Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege (2015)
* Tel Aviv shooting (2016)
* Halamish stabbing (2017)
* Pittsburgh synagogue shooting (2018)
* Poway synagogue shooting (2019)
* Jersey City shooting (2019)
* Monsey Hanukkah stabbing (2019)

2020–present|

* Israel riots (2021)
* Beersheba attack (2022)

| October 7 attacks|

* Be'eri
* Ein HaShlosha
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nahal Oz
* Netiv HaAsara
* Nir Oz
* Nirim
* Re'im
* Yakhini

|

* Antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus (2023)
* Dagestan attacks (2024)
* Amsterdam riots (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Einsatzgruppen and Einsatzkommandos

People|

| Director|

* Reinhard Heydrich
* Ernst Kaltenbrunner

|

Commanders of
Einsatzgruppen|

* Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
* Walther Bierkamp
* Horst Böhme
* Erich Ehrlinger
* Wilhelm Fuchs
* Heinz Jost
* Bruno Müller
* Erich Naumann
* Arthur Nebe
* Otto Ohlendorf
* Friedrich Panzinger
* Otto Rasch
* Heinrich Seetzen
* Franz Walter Stahlecker
* Bruno Streckenbach
* Max Thomas
* Josef Witiska

Commanders of
Einsatzkommandos,
Sonderkommandos|

* Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
* Gerhard Bast
* Rudolf Batz
* Ernst Biberstein
* Wolfgang Birkner
* Helmut Bischoff
* Paul Blobel
* Walter Blume
* Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
* Otto Bradfisch
* Werner Braune
* Karl Brunner
* Friedrich Buchardt
* Ernst Damzog
* Gerhard Flesch
* Ludwig Hahn
* Erich Isselhorst
* Karl Jäger
* Friedrich Jeckeln
* Waldemar Klingelhöfer
* Wolfgang Kügler
* Walter Kutschmann
* Rudolf Lange
* Josef Meisinger
* Gustav Adolf Nosske
* Hans-Adolf Prützmann
* Walter Rauff
* Martin Sandberger
* Emanuel Schäfer
* Hermann Schaper
* Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
* Erwin Schulz
* Franz Six
* Eugen Steimle
* Eduard Strauch
* Martin Weiss
* Udo von Woyrsch

Other members|

* August Becker
* Lothar Fendler
* Joachim Hamann
* Emil Haussmann
* Felix Landau
* Heinz Schubert
* Albert Widmann

Collaborators|

* Viktors Arājs
* Herberts Cukurs
* Antanas Impulevičius
* Konrāds Kalējs
* Algirdas Klimaitis

Groups|

| German|

* Schutzstaffel (SS)
* Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA)
* Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo)
* Sicherheitsdienst (SD)
* Ordnungspolizei (Orpo)
* 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
* Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
* Sonderdienst

|

Non-German|

* Schutzmannschaft (Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Ukrainian)
* Arajs Kommando
* Lithuanian Security Police
* Rollkommando Hamann
* TDA
* Ypatingasis būrys

Crimes|

| Belarus|

* Łachwa Ghetto
* Minsk Ghetto
* Slutsk Affair

|

Estonia|

* Kalevi-Liiva

Latvia|

* Burning of the Riga synagogues
* Dünamünde Action
* Jelgava
* Pogulianski
* Rumbula
* Liepāja (Šķēde)

Lithuania|

* Ninth Fort
* Kaunas June 1941
* Kaunas 29 October 1941
* Ninth Fort November 1941
* Ponary

Poland|

* Operation Tannenberg
* Intelligenzaktion
* AB-Aktion

Russia|

* Gully of Petrushino
* Zmievskaya Balka

Slovakia|

* Kremnička and Nemecká

Ukraine|

* Babi Yar
* Drobytsky Yar
* Drohobycz
* Kamianets-Podilskyi
* Lviv pogroms
* Mizocz Ghetto
* Odesa

Records|

* List of Einsatzgruppen
* The Black Book
* Commissar Order
* Einsatzgruppen trial
* Jäger Report
* Korherr Report
* Special Prosecution Book-Poland
* Einsatzgruppen reports

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