Duchy of Modena and Reggio

Duchy in Northwestern Italy from 1492-1796 and 1814-1859

Duchy of Modena and Reggio

* Ducatus Mutinae et Regii (Latin)
* Ducato di Modena e Reggio (Italian)
* Duchêt ed Mòdna e Rèz[1] (Emilian)

1452–1796
1814–1859

Top: Flag (1452–1830)
Bottom: Flag (1830–1859)

Coat of arms used from 1830 until 1859

Motto: Dextera Domini exaltavit me
(Latin for 'The right hand of the Lord ‘has’ exalted me')
Anthem: Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser
(From 1815)
"God Save Emperor Francis"

* * *

Royal anthem
"Popular Hymn"
(Prayers to be sung during the Mass and the Blessing of the Blessed Sacrament by the Este's troops)

The Duchy of Modena and Reggio in 1815

The intricate southern border area of the Duchy at the end of 1815, following the acquisition of the former imperial fiefdoms of Lunigiana.

Capital| Modena
Common languages|

* Latin (until 17th century)
* Italian (from 18th century)
* Emilian

Religion

| Roman Catholicism
Government| Duchy
Duke|

• 1452–1471

| Borso d'Este (first)

• 1846–1859

| Francesco V (last)
Historical era| Early modern era

• Created

| 1452

• Conquered by France

| 1796

• Re-established

| 1814

• Merged to form the United Provinces of Central Italy

| 1859
Population

• Estimate

| 605,000[2]

Preceded by | Succeeded by

|

|  | Kingdom of Italy (HRE)

|

| Duchy of Mirandola
| County of Novellara and Bagnolo
| Duchy of Ferrara
| Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
| Duchy of Massa and Carrara
| Marquisate of Fosdinovo
| Duchy of Guastalla
| Cispadane Republic
| Cispadane Republic |

|

United Provinces of Central Italy |
Today part of| Italy

The Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Italian: Ducato di Modena e Reggio; Latin: Ducatus Mutinae et Regii; Emilian: Duchêt ed Mòdna e Rèz[3]) was an Italian state created in 1452 located in Northwestern Italy, in the present day region of Emilia-Romagna. It was ruled since its establishment by the noble House of Este, and from 1814 by the Austria-Este branch of the family.[4] The Este dynasty was a great sponsor of the arts, making the Duchy a cultural reference during the Renaissance and Baroque periods.[5][6]

## House of Este

[edit]

In 1452  Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III offered the duchy to Borso d'Este, whose family had ruled the city of Modena and nearby Reggio Emilia for centuries. Borso in 1450 had also succeeded his brother as margrave in the adjacent Papal Duchy of Ferrara, where he received the ducal title in 1471. The Este lands on the southern border of the Holy Roman Empire with the Papal States formed a stabilizing buffer state in the interest of both.

Ducal Palace of Modena

The first Este dukes ruled well and the city achieved an economic and cultural peak: Borso's successor Duke Ercole I had the city of Modena rebuilt according to plans designed by Biagio Rossetti, his successors were patrons of artists like Titian and Ludovico Ariosto. In the War of the League of Cambrai from 1508, troops from Modena fought in Papal service against the Republic of Venice. Upon the death of Duke Alfonso II in 1597, the ducal line became extinct. The Este lands were bequeathed to Alfonso's cousin Cesare d'Este; however, the succession was not acknowledged by Pope Clement VIII and Ferrara was finally seized by the Papacy. Cesare was able to retain Modena and Reggio as Imperial fiefs.

In the 1628 War of the Mantuan Succession, the dukes of Modena sided with Habsburg Spain and in turn received the town of Correggio from the hands of Emperor Ferdinand II. During the War of the Spanish Succession, Duke Rinaldo was ousted by French troops under Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme, he could not return until 1707. In 1711 the small Duchy of Mirandola was absorbed by the Este. His successor Francesco III backed France in the 1740 War of the Austrian Succession and was expelled by Habsburg forces, but his duchy was restored by the 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

In 1796 Modena was again occupied by a French army under Napoleon, who deposed Duke Ercole III and created the Cispadane Republic out of his territory. By the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville, the last Este Duke was compensated with the Breisgau region of the former Further Austrian territories in southwestern Germany, and died in 1803. Following his death, the claims to the no longer existing ducal crown of Modena were inherited by his son-in-law, the Habsburg-Lorraine Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, an uncle of Emperor Francis II.

## House of Austria-Este

[edit]

With the dissolution of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1814, following the final fall of Emperor Napoleon I after the Battle of Waterloo, Ferdinand's son, Francis IV, again assumed the rule as Duke of Modena. In December 1815 he obtained the transfer from his mother Maria Beatrice d'Este of the former imperial fiefs in Lunigiana, not reconstituted by the Congress of Vienna and bestowed upon her, and, on her death in 1829, he also inherited the territories of Duchy of Massa and Carrara belonging to her suo jure.

In the course of the Italian unification period in the 1830s-60s, the "Austria-Este" dukes were briefly ousted in the revolutions of 1831 and 1848, but soon returned.

During the Second Italian War of Independence (April to July 1859) following the Battle of Magenta, the last Duke Francis V was again forced to flee, this time permanently. In December, Modena joined with Tuscany and Parma to form the "United Provinces of Central Italy", which were annexed to the growing Kingdom of Sardinia in March 1860, which led the Italian unification movement, which further led to the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

## Provinces of the Duchy before the dissolution

[edit]

* Modena (Duchy of Modena)
* Reggio (Duchy of Reggio)
* Guastalla
* Frignano
* Garfagnana
* Lunigiana
* Massa and Carrara (Duchy of Massa and Carrara)

## Traditional titles

[edit]

The Duke of Modena was:[7]

* Duke of Modena (Lord 1288, Duke 1452) and Reggio (nell'Emilia) (Lord 1289, Duke 1452)
* Duke of Ferrara (Lord 1264, Duke 1471–1597)
* Duke of La Mirandola (1710), Massa (1829) and Guastalla (1847)
* Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince of Carpi (Count 1530, Price 1535), Correggio (1635), San Martino in Rio (1752) and of Carrara (1829),
* Marquis of Montecchio (1597, marquessate in 1569), of Scandiano (1645) and La Concordia (1710)
* Count palatine of Novellara (1737) and Bagnolo (1737),
* Count of Jeno ed Avad (Hungary, 1726)
* Lord of Sassuolo (1373), San Martino in Spino (1710), Campogalliano (1752), Castellarano (1752), Rodeglia (1752), Ieno and San Cassiano

## Knighthood orders

[edit]

The Duke of Modena, since Francis V, was Grand Master of the :

* Order of the Eagle of Este[8] [9]
* Order of Seniority of Service (it)

## Historical flags and coat of arms

[edit]

* Before 1830
* State flag (1452–1830)

* Coat of arms (1452–1830)

* After 1830
* Civil flag and Civil ensign 1830–1859

* State flag 1830–1859

* 1830–1859

## See also

[edit]

* Duke of Ferrara and of Modena
* Historical states of Italy
* Duchy of Ferrara

## References

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Duchy of Modena and Reggio.

1. ^ L'Aşèj Balsâmich
2. ^ Mariani. Almanacco etrusco cronologico statistico mercantile (in Italian). pp. 214–215.
3. ^ Francesco III d'Este
4. ^ Trudy Ring; Robert M. Salkin; Sharon La Boda (1 January 1996). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe. Taylor & Francis. pp. 446–. ISBN 978-1-884964-02-2. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
5. ^ Costa, Carla. "Modena barocca". baroque, arte e cultura nel periodo barocco (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-04-23.
6. ^ "Gli Este. Rinascimento e Barocco a Ferrara e Modena - S. Casciu - M. Toffanello - Libro - Franco Cosimo Panini - Arte estensi | IBS". www.ibs.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-04-23.
7. ^ "Modena Ducale – Associazione "Legittimismo Estense"". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
8. ^ Star Archived May 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine;
9. ^ Sash & Star

* v
* t
* e

Princes of Modena

Generations start from Ercole I d'Este, first Duke of Modena

1st generation|

* Alfonso I, Duke of Modena
* Ippolito, Cardinal d'Este

2nd generation|

* Ercole II, Duke of Modena
* Ippolito, Cardinal d'Este

3rd generation|

* Alfonso II, Duke of Modena
* Cesare, Duke of Modena
* Luigi, Cardinal of Ferrera

4th generation|

* Alfonso III, Duke of Modena

5th generation|

* Francesco I, Duke of Modena

6th generation|

* Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena
* Rinaldo, Duke of Modena

7th generation|

* Francesco II, Duke of Modena
* Francesco III, Duke of Modena

8th generation|

* Ercole III, Duke of Modena

10th generation|

* Francis IV, Duke of Modena*
* Prince Ferdinand Karl Joseph*
* Prince Maximilian*
* Prince Karl Ambrosius*

11th generation|

* Francis V, Duke of Modena*
* Prince Ferdinand Karl Viktor*

*also Archduke of Austria

* v
* t
* e

Princesses of Modena

Generations start from Ercole I d'Este, first Duke of Modena

1st generation|

* Isabella, Marchioness of Mantua
* Beatrice, Duchess of Milan

3rd generation|

* Anna, Duchess of Guise, Duchess of Nemours

6th generation|

* Isabella, Duchess of Parma
* Maria, Duchess of Parma
* Maria Caterina, Princess of Carignano

7th generation|

* Maria Beatrice, Queen of England
* Princess Benedetta
* Enrichetta, Duchess of Parma

8th generation|

* Maria Teresa Felicitas, Duchess of Penthièvre
* Princess Matilde
* Maria Fortunata, Princess of Conti

9th generation|

* Maria Beatrice, Duchess of Massa

10th generation|

* Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia*
* Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria*
* Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria*

11th generation|

* Maria Theresa, Duchess of Orléans*
* Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón*

12th generation|

* Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria*

* also Archduchess of Austria

* v
* t
* e

Princesses of Modena by marriage

2nd generation|

* Anna Sforza
* Lucrezia Borgia

3rd generation|

* Princess Renée of France

4th generation|

* Lucrezia de' Medici
* Virginia de' Medici

5th generation|

* Princess Isabella of Savoy

7th generation|

* Laura Martinozzi

8th generation|

* Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans

9th generation|

* Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa

10th generation|

* None

11th generation|

* Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy

12th generation|

* Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria
* Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria

* v
* t
* e

List of historic states of Italy

Pre-Roman period|

* Etruscan civilization
* Etruria
* Samnites
* Latins
* Osci
* Celts
* Cisalpine Gaul
* Veneti
* Ligures
* Nuragic civilization
* Umbri
* Magna Graecia
* Iapygians
* Picentes

Ancient Rome|

* Roman Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC)
* Roman Republic (509 BC–27 BC)
* Roman Empire (27 BC–395 AD)
* Western Roman Empire (395–476 AD)

Medieval
and
Early Modern
states|

| Barbarian kingdoms
(476–774)|

* Odoacer's rule (476–493)
* Ostrogothic rule (493–553)
* Vandal rule (435–534)
* Lombard rule (568–774)
* Duchy of Benevento
* Duchy of Friuli
* Duchy of Ivrea
* Duchy of Spoleto
* Duchy of Tridentum
* Duchy of Tuscia

|

Byzantine Empire (584–751)|

* Exarchate of Ravenna (584–751)
* Duchy of Rome (533–751)
* Duchy of Perugia (554–752)
* Duchy of the Pentapolis (554–752)
* Exarchate of Africa (585–698)

Papal States
(754–1870)|

* Patrimony of Saint Peter
* Campagna e Marittima Province
* Holy See
* Commune of Rome
* Duchy of Castro
* Duchy of Ferrara
* Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
* Duchy of Urbino

Holy Roman Empire
and other
independent
states|

* Bishopric of Bressanone
* Corsican Republic
* City of Fiume and its District
* County of Gorizia
* Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
* County of Guastalla
* County of Santa Fiora
* Duchy of Guastalla
* Kingdom of Italy
* Ancona
* Ceva
* Finale
* March of Friuli
* Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
* Ivrea
* Istria
* Mantua
* Milan
* March of Montferrat
* Duchy of Montferrat
* Trieste
* Turin
* Tuscany
* Verona
* Duchy of Ivrea
* Duchy of Milan
* Duchy of Mantua
* Duchy of Massa and Carrara
* Duchy of Merania
* Duchy of Mirandola
* Duchy of Modena and Reggio
* County of Novellara and Bagnolo
* Principality of Piombino
* Duchy of Reggio
* Marquisate of Saluzzo
* Duchy of Spoleto
* Bishopric of Tarantasia
* Prince-Bishopric of Trento
* Grand Duchy of Tuscany
* Savoyard state
* Savoy
* County of Savoy
* Piedmont
* Duchy of Aosta
* County of Nice
* County of Tenda

Republic of Venice
(697–1797)|

* Dogado
* Domini di Terraferma
* Stato da Màr

Other Republics
(c. 1000–1797)|

* Republic of Cospaia
* Republic of Florence
* Republic of Lucca
* Republic of Massa
* Republic of Siena
* Republic of Genoa
* Republic of Noli
* Republic of Pisa
* Republic of Ancona

Southern Italy
(774–1139)|

| Byzantine|

* Duchy of Amalfi
* Duchy of Gaeta
* Catepanate of Italy
* Longobardia
* Theme of Lucania
* Duchy of Naples
* Theme of Sicily and Byzantine Sicily
* Duchy of Sorrento

|

Arab|

* Emirate of Bari
* Muslim Sicily

Lombard|

* Principality of Benevento
* Principality of Salerno
* Principality of Capua

Norman|

* County of Apulia and Calabria
* County of Aversa
* County of Sicily
* Principality of Taranto

Sardinia
(from the 9th century)|

* Judicates
* Agugliastra
* Arborea
* Cagliari
* Gallura
* Logudoro
* Oristano
* Republic of Sassari
* Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1861)

Kingdom of Sicily
(1130–1816) and
Kingdom of Naples
(1282–1816)|

* State of the Presidi
* Duke of San Donato
* Duchy of Sora
* Duchy of Bari
* County of Lecce
* Principality of Taranto
* Terra Sancti Benedicti
* Neapolitan Republic (1647–1648)
* Hospitaller Malta
* Gozo
* Malta Protectorate
* Crown Colony of Malta

French Revolutionary
and Napoleonic eras
(1792–1815)|

| Republics|

* Cisalpinia
* Cispadania
* Italy
* Liguria
* Lucca
* Parthenopea
* Piedmont
* Rome
* Subalpinia
* Transpadania

|

Monarchies|

* Benevento
* Etruria
* Guastalla
* Italy
* Lucca and Piombino
* Massa and Carrara
* Naples
* Pontecorvo
* Benevento
* Tuscany
* Elba
* Corsica

Post-Napoleonic
states|

* Duchy of Genoa (1815–1848)
* Duchy of Lucca (1815–1847)
* Duchy of Massa and Carrara (1814–1829)
* Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1814–1859)
* Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (1814–1859)
* Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1815–1859)
* Italian United Provinces (1831)
* Provisional Government of Milan (1848)
* Republic of San Marco (1848–1849)
* Roman Republic (1849–1850)
* United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860)
* Kingdom of Sardinia (1814–1860)
* Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816–1861)
* Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (1815–1866)
* Papal States (1814–1870)

| Post-unification|

* Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
* Italian Empire (1882–1960)
* Free State of Fiume (1920–1924)
* Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)
* Free Territory of Trieste (1947–1954)

|

* v
* t
* e

Unification of Italy (Risorgimento)

Pre-unitary states|

* Kingdom of Sardinia (House of Savoy)
* Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
* Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
* Papal States
* Grand Duchy of Tuscany
* Duchy of Parma
* Duchy of Modena and Reggio

Timeline|

* Rimini Proclamation
* Carbonari
* Revolutions during the 1820s
* Revolutions of 1830
* Young Italy
* Neo-Guelphism
* Revolutions of 1848
* Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
* Republic of San Marco
* Roman Republic
* Quadrilatero
* First Italian War of Independence
* Five Days of Milan
* Sortie on Mestre
* Sicilian revolution of 1848
* Ten Days of Brescia
* Belfiore martyrs
* Crimean War
* Plombières Agreement
* Second Italian War of Independence
* United Provinces of Central Italy
* Expedition of the Thousand
* Dictatorship of Garibaldi
* Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
* Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
* Roman Question
* Third Italian War of Independence
* Capture of Rome
* Law of Guarantees
* Italian entry into World War I
* Impresa di Fiume

Symbols|

* Cockade of Italy
* Flag of Italy

Main leaders|

* Massimo d'Azeglio
* Agostino Bertani
* Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
* Celso Ceretti
* Federico Confalonieri
* Francesco Crispi
* Giuseppe Garibaldi
* Daniele Manin
* Giuseppe Mazzini
* Bettino Ricasoli
* Aurelio Saffi
* Annibale Santore di Santarosa
* Ruggero Settimo
* Victor Emmanuel II

Literature and philosophy|

* Giovanni Arrivabene
* Cesare Balbo
* Giosuè Carducci
* Carlo Cattaneo
* Felice Cavallotti
* Vincenzo Cuoco
* Giuseppe Ferrari
* Ugo Foscolo
* Vincenzo Gioberti
* Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
* Giacomo Leopardi
* Francesco Lomonaco
* Goffredo Mameli
* Alessandro Manzoni
* Ippolito Nievo
* Silvio Pellico
* Carlo Pisacane
* Gian Domenico Romagnosi
* Antonio Rosmini
* Francesco Saverio Salfi

Opponents|

* Pope Pius IX
* Franz Joseph I of Austria
* Francis II of the Two Sicilies
* Klemens von Metternich
* Joseph Radetzky von Radetz

Museums|

* Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
* Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
* Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
* Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
* Tricolour Flag Museum

National days|

* Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
* National Unity and Armed Forces Day

Other|

* Altare della Patria
* Italian irredentism
* Italian nationalism
* Redshirts
* Revisionism of Risorgimento
* Southern question
* Third Rome

Authority control databases: National |

* Germany

|

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template