Dymphna

Patroness of those who suffer from mental illness

For the album by Gang Gang Dance, see Saint Dymphna (album).

Saint

Dymphna

The beheading of Saint Dymphna by Godfried Maes

Virgin and martyr
Born| 7th century
Ireland
Died| 30 May,[1][2][3] 7th century
Geel, Belgium
Venerated in|

* Catholic Church
* Eastern Orthodox Church

Canonized| 620
Feast|

* 30 May[4][2]
* (formerly May 15)[1]

Attributes| lamp
Patronage| Mental health professionals, those suffering from mental illnesses[5]

Dymphna[6] is a Christian saint honoured in Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions.[7][8] According to tradition, she lived in the 7th century and was martyred by her father.

The story of Dymphna was first recorded in the 13th century by a canon of the Church of Aubert of Avranches at Cambrai, France. It was commissioned by Guiard of Laon, the Bishop of Cambrai (1238–1248).

The author expressly stated that his work was based upon a long-standing oral tradition as well as a persuasive history of miraculous healings of the mentally ill.[9]

## Name[edit]

Dymphna's name (pronounced /ˈdɪmfnə/ DIMF-nə or /ˈdɪmpnə/ DIMP-nə) derives from the Irish damh ('poet') and suffix -nait ('little' or 'feminine'), therefore meaning 'poetess'. It is also spelled Dimpna, Dymphnart, Dympna or Damnat; this last spelling is closer to the Irish spelling Damhnait[10] (pronounced [ˈd̪ˠəunˠətʲ]).

## Story of her life and death[edit]

According to Catholic and Orthodox tradition, Dymphna was born in Ireland in the 7th century. Dymphna's father Damon was a petty king of Oriel. Her mother was a devout Christian.

When Dymphna was 14 years old, she consecrated herself to Christ and took a vow of chastity. Shortly thereafter, her mother died. Damon had loved his wife deeply, and in the aftermath of her death his mental health sharply deteriorated. Eventually the king's counsellors pressed him to remarry. Damon agreed, but only on the condition that his bride would be as beautiful as his deceased wife. After searching fruitlessly, Damon began to desire his daughter because of her strong resemblance to her mother.

Martyrdom of St Dymphna and St Gerebernus by Jacques de l'Ange

When Dymphna learned of her father's intentions, she swore to uphold her vows and fled his court along with her confessor Father Gerebernus, two trusted servants, and the king's fool. Together they sailed towards the continent, eventually landing in what is present-day Belgium, where they took refuge in the town of Gheel (now spelled 'Geel').[9]

One tradition states that once settled in Geel, Dymphna built a hospice for the poor and sick of the region. However, it was through the use of her wealth that her father would eventually ascertain her whereabouts, as some of the coins used enabled her father to trace them to Belgium.[9] Damon sent his agents to pursue his daughter and her companions. When their hiding place was discovered, Damon travelled to Geel to recover his daughter. Damon ordered his soldiers to kill Gerebernus and tried to force Dymphna to return with him to Ireland, but she resisted. Furious, Damon drew his sword and struck off his daughter's head. She was said to have been 15 years old when she died.[11] After Dymphna and Gerebernus were killed, the residents of Geel buried them in a nearby cave. Years later, they decided to move the remains to a more suitable location.

In 1349 a church honouring Dymphna was built in Geel. By 1480, so many pilgrims were coming from all over Europe, seeking treatment for psychiatric disorders that the church housing for them was expanded. Soon the sanctuary for those considered "mad" was again full to overflowing, and the townspeople began taking them into their own homes. Thus began a tradition for the ongoing care of those with psychiatric conditions that has endured for over 500 years and is still studied and admired today. Patients were, and still are, taken into the homes of Geel's inhabitants. Never called patients, they are called boarders, and are treated as ordinary and useful members of the town.[12] They are treated as members of the host family. They work, most often in menial labour, and in return, they become part of the community.[13] Some stay a few months, some decades, some for their entire lives. At its peak in the 1930s, over 4,000 'boarders' were housed with the town's inhabitants.[14][15]

## Veneration[edit]

St. Dymphna Church, Geel, Belgium

The remains of Dymphna were later put into a silver reliquary and placed in a church in Geel named in her honour. The remains of Gerebernus were moved to Xanten, Germany.[16] During the late 15th century the original St. Dymphna Church in Geel burned down. A second "Church of St. Dymphna" was then built and consecrated in 1532. The church still stands on the site where her body is believed to have first been buried.[17]

Dymphna was beheaded on 30 May,[2] although the year of her death is uncertain. A transfer of her relics occurred on 15 May of a subsequent year,[3] the anniversary of which became her primary feast day[1] until the 21st century, when the post-conciliar Roman Martyrology (the authoritative compendium of feast days for the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church) assigned Dymphna's feast to the anniversary of her martyrdom, on 30 May, as listed in the 2004 edition.[4]

Dymphna is known as the Lily of Éire, due to her spotless virtue. She is traditionally portrayed wearing a crown, dressed in ermine and royal robes, and holding a sword. In modern versions she holds the sword awkwardly, as it symbolises her martyrdom, but in the older versions seen on numerous statues and stained glass images, her sword is pricking the neck of a demon; symbolising her title of Demon Slayer. She is also often portrayed holding a lamp, with the chained devil at her feet.

Some modern holy cards portray Dymphna in green and white, holding a book and white lilies.

During the 2022 season, the St Dymphna's Church, in Geel, Belgium, commemorated her by hosting an exposition showing the restored altarpiece venerating Dymphna by Goossen Van der Weyden. [18][19]

## Patronage[edit]

Dymphna is the patron saint of mental illness.[20]

The US National Shrine of St. Dymphna is located inside St. Mary's Catholic Church in Massillon, Ohio.[6] The shrine was destroyed by a fire in 2015, but reopened in December 2016 and is still open to pilgrims and visitors. St. Dymphna's Special School is located in Ballina, County Mayo, Republic of Ireland and operates under the patronage of Western Care Association.[21]

## See also[edit]

* List of Catholic saints

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c Surius, Laurentius (1579). De Probatis Sanctorum Historiis, ... Tomus Tertius, Complectens Sanctos Mensium Maii et Iunii [An Explication of Saints' Histories. Volume III: Saints of May–June] (in Latin). Cologne: Gerwin Calenius & the Quentel heirs. p. 347. "Praedicta autem corporis venerandae virginis translatio facta est decimaquinta die Maij, quo eius festum celebratur. Decollata verò fuit eiusdem mensis die tricesimo." [Now the aforementioned transfer of the virgin's venerated body was carried out on the 15th day of May, on which her feast is celebrated. Her beheading had actually occurred within May as well, on the 30th day.]
2. ^ a b c O'Hanlon, John (1875). Lives of the Irish Saints. Vol. 5\. Dublin: James Duffy and Sons. p. 362. "[T]he feast of the Decollation [i.e. Beheading] of St. Dympna, with a solemn office, occurs on the 30th of May. [...] In the Utrecht [manuscripts], [...] it is stated, that her decollation took place, on the [...] 30th of May. The same statement is found, in the printed Legend of her Life, and in Surius."
3. ^ a b Gammack, Rev. James (1877). "Dimpna (Dympna)". In Smith, William; Wace, Henry (eds.). A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines. Volume I: A–D. p. 832\. "May 30 is the day of her death, and May 15 that of her translation."
4. ^ a b Martyrologium Romanum (in Latin) (2nd ed.). Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2004. p. 311\. "Die 30 maii [...] Ghelæ in Brabántia Austrásiæ, sanctæ Dýmpnæ, vírginis et mártyris." [On the 30th day of May [...] at Geel in Brabant, Austrasia: (the heavenly birth) of Saint Dymphna, virgin and martyr.]
5. ^ "Todays Catholic St. Dymphna". 25 April 2017.
6. ^ a b National Shrine of St. Dymphna, Massillon, Ohio
7. ^ "St. Dymphna". Retrieved 13 September 2017.
8. ^ "SAINT DYMPHNA WONDERWORKER OF GHEEL". Saints Mary & Martha Orthodox Monastery. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
9. ^ a b c "Saint Dymphna: Wonderworker of Gheel, May 15th". Wagener, South Carolina: Saints Mary and Martha Orthodox Monastery. January 2006. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
10. ^ Woulfe, Patrick. "DAMHNAIT". Irish Names and Surnames. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
11. ^ Benedictine Convent Sisters, Clyde, Missouri, "Tabernacle and Purgatory" May 1946 Archived 12 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine
12. ^ Jay, Mike (9 January 2014). "The Geel question". Aeon. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
13. ^ Wells, Karin (9 March 2014). "Psychiatric community care: Belgian town sets gold standard". CBC News. CBC/Radio-Canada. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
14. ^ Goldstein, J. "Geel, Belgium: A Model of 'Community Recovery'". Birmingham, AL: Psychology Department, Samford University.
15. ^ Dr.Srole, Hobart/William Smith College, Geneva N.Y.
16. ^ Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Dymphna." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 1 December 2015]
17. ^ ""St. Dymphna", Franciscan Mission Associates". Archived from the original on 1 March 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
18. ^ "Crazy about Dymphna", The Phoebus Foundation
19. ^ "Dymphna is finally coming home", The Phoebus Foundation
20. ^ "Todays Catholic St. Dymphna". 25 April 2017.
21. ^ St. Dymphna's Special School, Ballina

## External links[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Dymphna.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Dymphna.

* "St. Dymphna". Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913.

Portals:

* Saints
* Catholicism

* v
* t
* e

Saints of the Catholic Church

Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
Stages of canonization: Servant of God →  Venerable →  Blessed →  Saint

Virgin Mary|

* Mother of God (Theotokos)
* Immaculate Conception
* Perpetual virginity
* Assumption
* Marian apparition
* Titles of Mary
* Joseph (husband)

Apostles|

* Andrew
* Barnabas
* Bartholomew
* James of Alphaeus
* James the Great
* John
* Jude
* Matthew
* Matthias
* Paul
* Peter
* Philip
* Simon
* Thomas

Archangels|

* Gabriel
* Michael in the Catholic Church
* Raphael

Confessors|

* Anatolius
* Anthony of Kiev
* Athanasius the Confessor
* Chariton the Confessor
* Dominic
* Edward the Confessor
* Francis of Assisi
* Francis Borgia
* Homobonus
* Lazarus Zographos
* Louis Bertrand
* Maximus the Confessor
* Michael of Synnada
* Paphnutius the Confessor
* Paul I of Constantinople
* Peter Claver
* Salonius
* Sergius of Radonezh
* Theophanes the Confessor
* Pio of Pietrelcina

Disciples|

* Apollos
* Mary of Bethany
* Mary Magdalene
* Priscilla and Aquila
* Silvanus
* Stephen
* Timothy
* Titus
* Seventy disciples

Doctors of the Church|

* Gregory the Great
* Ambrose
* Augustine of Hippo
* Jerome
* John Chrysostom
* Basil of Caesarea
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Athanasius of Alexandria
* Cyril of Alexandria
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* John of Damascus
* Bede the Venerable
* Ephrem the Syrian
* Thomas Aquinas
* Bonaventure
* Anselm of Canterbury
* Isidore of Seville
* Peter Chrysologus
* Leo the Great
* Peter Damian
* Bernard of Clairvaux
* Hilary of Poitiers
* Alphonsus Liguori
* Francis de Sales
* Peter Canisius
* John of the Cross
* Robert Bellarmine
* Albertus Magnus
* Anthony of Padua
* Lawrence of Brindisi
* Teresa of Ávila
* Catherine of Siena
* Thérèse of Lisieux
* John of Ávila
* Hildegard of Bingen
* Gregory of Narek
* Irenaeus

Evangelists|

* Matthew
* Mark
* Luke
* John

Church
Fathers|

* Alexander of Alexandria
* Alexander of Jerusalem
* Ambrose of Milan
* Anatolius
* Athanasius of Alexandria
* Augustine of Hippo
* Caesarius of Arles
* Caius
* Cappadocian Fathers
* Clement of Alexandria
* Clement of Rome
* Cyprian of Carthage
* Cyril of Alexandria
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* Damasus I
* Desert Fathers
* Desert Mothers
* Dionysius of Alexandria
* Dionysius of Corinth
* Dionysius
* Ephrem the Syrian
* Epiphanius of Salamis
* Fulgentius of Ruspe
* Gregory the Great
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Gregory of Nyssa
* Hilary of Poitiers
* Hippolytus of Rome
* Ignatius of Antioch
* Irenaeus of Lyons
* Isidore of Seville
* Jerome of Stridonium
* John Chrysostom
* John of Damascus
* Maximus the Confessor
* Melito of Sardis
* Quadratus of Athens
* Papias of Hierapolis
* Peter Chrysologus
* Polycarp of Smyrna
* Theophilus of Antioch
* Victorinus of Pettau
* Vincent of Lérins
* Zephyrinus

Martyrs|

* Abda and Abdisho
* Boris and Gleb
* Charles de Foucauld
* Canadian Martyrs
* Carthusian Martyrs
* Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala
* Christina of Persia
* Devasahayam Pillai
* Dismas the Good Thief
* Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
* Four Crowned Martyrs
* Gerard of Csanád
* Great Martyr
* The Holy Innocents
* Irish Martyrs
* John Fisher
* Korean Martyrs
* Lorenzo Ruiz
* Martyrs of Lübeck
* Luigi Versiglia
* Martyrology
* Martyrs of Albania
* Martyrs of Algeria
* Martyrs of Cajonos
* Martyrs of Drina
* Martyrs of China
* Martyrs of Gorkum
* Martyrs of Japan
* 21 Martyrs of Libya
* Martyrs of La Rioja
* Martyrs of Laos
* Martyrs of Natal
* Martyrs of Otranto
* Martyrs of Prague
* Martyrs of Sandomierz
* Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
* Martyrs of Zenta
* Maximilian Kolbe
* Óscar Romero
* Pedro Calungsod
* Perpetua and Felicity
* Peter Chanel
* Pietro Parenzo
* Philomena
* Saints of the Cristero War
* Stephen
* Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
* Titus Brandsma
* 17 Thomasian Martyrs
* Thomas Becket
* Thomas More
* Three Martyrs of Chimbote
* Ulma Family
* Uganda Martyrs
* Vietnamese Martyrs
* Valentine of Rome
* Victor and Corona
* Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia

Missionaries|

* Augustine of Canterbury
* Boniface
* Damien of Molokai
* Evermode of Ratzeburg
* Francis Xavier
* François de Laval
* Gregory the Illuminator
* Junípero Serra
* Nino of Georgia
* Patrick of Ireland
* Remigius

Patriarchs|

* Adam
* Abel
* Abraham
* Isaac
* Jacob
* Joseph
* Joseph (father of Jesus)
* David
* Noah
* Solomon
* Matriarchs

Popes|

* Adeodatus I
* Adeodatus II
* Adrian III
* Agapetus I
* Agatho
* Alexander I
* Anacletus
* Anastasius I
* Anicetus
* Anterus
* Benedict II
* Boniface I
* Boniface IV
* Caius
* Callixtus I
* Celestine I
* Celestine V
* Clement I
* Cornelius
* Damasus I
* Dionysius
* Eleuterus
* Eugene I
* Eusebius
* Eutychian
* Evaristus
* Fabian
* Felix I
* Felix III
* Felix IV
* Gelasius I
* Gregory I
* Gregory II
* Gregory III
* Gregory VII
* Hilarius
* Hormisdas
* Hyginus
* Innocent I
* John I
* John XXIII
* John Paul II
* Julius I
* Leo I
* Leo II
* Leo III
* Leo IV
* Leo IX
* Linus
* Lucius I
* Marcellinus
* Marcellus I
* Mark
* Martin I
* Miltiades
* Nicholas I
* Paschal I
* Paul I
* Paul VI
* Peter
* Pius I
* Pius V
* Pius X
* Pontian
* Sergius I
* Silverius
* Simplicius
* Siricius
* Sixtus I
* Sixtus II
* Sixtus III
* Soter
* Stephen I
* Stephen IV
* Sylvester I
* Symmachus
* Telesphorus
* Urban I
* Victor I
* Vitalian
* Zachary
* Zephyrinus
* Zosimus

Prophets|

* Agabus
* Amos
* Anna
* Baruch ben Neriah
* David
* Elijah
* Ezekiel
* Habakkuk
* Haggai
* Hosea
* Isaiah
* Jeremiah
* Job
* Joel
* John the Baptist
* Jonah
* Judas Barsabbas
* Malachi
* Melchizedek
* Micah
* Moses
* Nahum
* Obadiah
* Samuel
* Seven Maccabees and their mother
* Simeon
* Zechariah (prophet)
* Zechariah (NT)
* Zephaniah

Virgins|

* Agatha of Sicily
* Agnes of Rome
* Angela of the Cross
* Æthelthryth
* Bernadette Soubirous
* Catherine of Bologna
* Brigid of Kildare
* Catherine Labouré
* Catherine of Siena
* Cecilia
* Clare of Assisi
* Eulalia of Mérida
* Euphemia
* Faustina Kowalska
* Faustina and Liberata of Como
* Genevieve
* Hiltrude of Liessies
* Joan of Arc
* Kateri Tekakwitha
* Lucy of Syracuse
* Maria Goretti
* María de las Maravillas de Jesús
* Narcisa de Jesús
* Patricia of Naples
* Rosalia
* Rose of Lima
* Teresa of the Andes
* Teresa of Calcutta
* Trasilla and Emiliana
* Ubaldesca Taccini

See also|

* Calendar of saints
* Four Holy Marshals
* Fourteen Holy Helpers
* Martyr of charity
* Military saints
* Athleta Christi
* Miles Christianus
* Church Militant
* Seven Champions
* Virtuous pagan

* Catholic Church portal
* Saints portal

* v
* t
* e

Saints in the Coptic church

Patriarchs|

* Abraham
* Isaac
* Jacob
* Joseph

Prophets|

* Moses
* Job
* Samuel
* David
* Hosea
* Amos
* Micah
* Joel
* Obadiah
* Jonah
* Nahum
* Noah
* Habakkuk
* Zephaniah
* Haggai
* Zechariah
* Malachi
* Isaiah
* Jeremiah
* Baruch
* Ezekiel
* Daniel
* John the Baptist

Theotokos|

* Mary, Our Lady of
* Assiut
* Belarus
* Poland
* Warraq
* Zeitoun

Seven Archangels|

* Michael
* Gabriel
* Raphael
* Suriel
* Zedekiel
* Sarathiel
* Ananiel

Apostles|

* Andrew
* Bartholomew
* James, son of Alphaeus
* James, son of Zebedee
* John
* Jude
* Matthew
* Matthias
* Paul
* Peter
* Philip
* Simon
* Thomas

Disciples|

* Apollos
* Barnabas
* Mary Magdalene
* Phoebe the Deaconess
* Philemon
* Priscilla and Aquila
* Silvanus
* Stephen
* Timothy
* Titus
* Seventy disciples

Evangelists|

* Matthew
* Mark
* Luke
* John

Martyrs|

* 21 Martyrs of Libya
* Abāmūn
* Abāmūn
* Abanoub
* Abaskhiron
* Alexandrian Martyrs
* Arianus
* Apollonia
* Barbara
* Bashnouna
* Basilides and Potamiana
* Catherine
* Chrysanthus and Daria
* Chiaffredo
* Colluthus
* Cosmas and Damian
* Cyprian and Justina
* Cyrus and John
* Dasya
* Demiana
* Dorothea
* Elias and companions
* Epimachus
* Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius
* Felix and Regula
* Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly
* Gallicanus
* George
* George Bishop of Assiut
* George El Mozahem
* Gereon
* Hor, Besoy, and Daydara
* Imbaba Martyrs
* Isaac of Dafra
* John of Senhout
* Kosheh martyrs
* Malati
* Marina the Martyr
* Maspero Martyrs
* Maurice
* Memnon
* Menas
* Mohrael
* Moura
* Nag Hammadi
* Otimus
* Philomena
* Philotheos
* Rais
* Sarah
* Sidhom Bishay
* Theban Legion
* Thecla
* Theoclia
* Theodora and Didymus
* Theodore Stratelates
* Varus
* Veronica
* Wadamoun
* Wanas

Popes|

* Mark I
* Anianus
* Avilius
* Kedron
* Justus
* Eumenes
* Markianos
* Celadion
* Agrippinus
* Julian
* Demetrius I
* Heraclas
* Dionysius
* Theonas
* Felix of Rome
* Peter I
* Alexander I
* Athanasius I
* Peter II
* Timothy I
* Theophilus I
* Cyril I
* Dioscorus I
* Timothy II
* Peter III
* Dioscorus II
* Timothy III
* Theodosius I
* Peter IV
* Damian
* Anastasius
* Andronicus
* Benjamin I
* Agathon
* Simeon I
* Alexander II
* Theodore I
* Michael I
* John IV
* Mark II
* James
* Simeon II
* Joseph I
* Michael II
* Cosmas II
* Michael III
* Gabriel I
* Cosmas III
* Abraham
* Zacharias
* Cyril II
* Macarius II
* Matthew I
* Gabriel VII
* John XIV
* Cyril V
* Macarius III
* Cyril VI

Bishops|

* Abadiu of Antinoe
* Abraam of Faiyum
* Alexander of Jerusalem
* Amun of Scetis
* Basil of Caesarea
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* Epiphanius of Cyprus
* Eusebius of Caesarea
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Gregory of Nyssa
* Gregory of Neocaesarea
* Ignatius of Antioch
* Jacob of Nisibis
* James of Jerusalem
* John of Nikiû
* John of Jerusalem
* Karas of California
* Mikhaeil of Asyut
* Narcissus of Jerusalem
* Nicholas of Myra
* Paphnutius of Scetis
* Paphnutius of Thebes
* Polycarp of Smyrna
* Porphyrius of Gaza
* Psote of Ebsay
* Serapion of Thmuis
* Severian of Gabala
* Yousab el-Abah of Girga

Monks and nuns|

* Abdel Messih El-Makari
* Abib and Apollo
* Abraham of Farshut
* Abraham of Scetis
* Amun
* Anthony the Great
* Awgin
* Bashnouna
* Hilarion
* Hospitius
* Mother Irini
* Isaac of Nineveh
* Isidore of Pelusium
* John Climacus
* John the Dwarf
* Macarius of Alexandria
* Macarius of Egypt
* Marina the Monk
* Moses the Black
* Nilus of Sinai
* Pachomius the Great
* Pambo
* Parsoma
* Patapios
* Paul of Thebes
* Paul of Tammah
* Paul the Simple
* Pishoy
* Poemen
* Samuel the Confessor
* Sisoes the Great
* Tekle Haymanot
* Theodorus of Tabennese
* Theodora of Alexandria

Anchorites|

* Karas
* Mary
* Misael
* Onuphrius
* Paphnutius
* Paul
* Pijimi
* Shenouda
* Thomas
* Zosimas

Other saints|

* Ambrose
* Clement of Alexandria
* Didymus the Blind
* Euphrosyne
* Habib Girgis
* Candidus
* Simon the Tanner
* Three Holy Children
* Maximus and Domatius
* Verena

* Christianity portal

* v
* t
* e

Topics about Saints

Calendar of saints|

* General Roman Calendar
* Tridentine calendar
* Eastern Orthodox calendar
* Anglican calendars
* Coptic calendar
* Lutheran calendar

Traditions|

* Folk saint
* Equal-to-apostles
* Relic
* Catacomb saints
* Translation
* Hagiography
* List of saints
* Catholic
* Orthodox
* Titles
* Symbology of the Saints
* Saints in Protestantism
* Levitation of saints

Theology|

* Communion of saints
* Veneration
* Intercession
* Prayer for the dead
* Confessors
* list
* Martyrs
* list
* Christian
* Diocletian
* Passion bearers
* Patron saint
* Places
* Mariology

Canonization process|

* Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
* Candidates for sainthood
* Servant of God
* list
* The Venerable
* list
* Beatification
* list
* Equivalent canonization

Related topics|

* Apostle
* Bishop
* Companions
* Roman Martyrology
* Saints in Anglicanism
* Saints in Methodism
* Patristics
* Early Christian writers
* Church Fathers
* Women of the patristic age
* Prophet

Saints portal

Authority control databases

International|

* FAST
* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Czech Republic

People|

* Deutsche Biographie

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template