ELAM (Cyprus)

Political party in Cyprus

National Popular Front

Εθνικό Λαϊκό Μέτωπο

Abbreviation| ΕΛΑΜ
ELAM
Leader| Christos Christou
Founded| 2008
Headquarters| Nicosia, Cyprus
Student wing| Student Front[1]
Youth wing| Youth Front ELAM[2]
Women's wing| Women's Front[3]
Ideology|

* Greek ultranationalism[4]
* Euroscepticism[7]
* Neo-Metaxism[8]
* Neo-fascism

Political position| Far-right[11]
European affiliation| European Conservatives and Reformists Party
European Parliament group| European Conservatives and Reformists Group
Greek counterpart| Golden Dawn
(2008–2020)
Colours|  Black,  blue and
white
House of Representatives|

3 / 56 (5%)

European Parliament|

1 / 6 (17%)

Municipal Councils|

30 / 443

Party flag
Website
elamcy.com

* Politics of Cyprus
* Political parties
* Elections

The National People's Front (Greek: Εθνικό Λαϊκό Μέτωπο, ΕΛΑΜ, Ethniko Laiko Metopo, ELAM) is a far-right[12][13] and ultranationalist political party in Cyprus that was founded in 2008. It has been described as neo-fascist[14] or neo-Nazi,[15] although these descriptions are denied by the party. It describes its ideology as "popular and social nationalism". As of May 2011, it has been approved as a legal political party.[16][17]

## History

[edit]

### 2008–2019

[edit]

Prior to the official formation of the National Popular Front, the organisation existed under the name "Golden Dawn: Cypriot Kernel".[10] The kernel was established in late 2000,[10] and was led by the current ELAM president Christos Christou, who was an active member of the Golden Dawn political party in Greece.[18][19] The kernel attempted to register as a political party with the same name, but the name was rejected by the state's authorities, resulting in the use of the name "National Popular Front" as an alternative.[20]

In 2019, the party submitted a bill seeking to impose a ban on all Muslim headgear in public spaces, including schools.[21]

### 2020–present

[edit]

In 2021, ELAM played a major role in having Annita Demetriou placed as Speaker of the House of Representatives.[22][23]

In June 2023, ELAM's offices in Limassol were attacked by vandals who were later arrested by Cyprus Police.[24][25][26]

Lately, ELAM established ties to Brothers of Italy, Vox in Spain, Greek Solution and the European Conservatives and Reformists group.[27][28][29]

In the 2024 European Parliament elections, for the first time in its history, ELAM candidate Geadis Geadi won a seat in the European Parliament whilst subsequently taking over as the 3rd largest political party from the Democratic Party (DIKO).[30][31]

## Positions and ideologies

[edit]

ELAM is a Eurosceptic political party which praises the Greek former prime minister Ioannis Metaxas of the 4th of August Regime.[5][6][8]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, ELAM gained support from anti-vaccination groups for criticizing the government for their measures and the refusal of their leader to get vaccinated,[27][32] even though unlike other parties they did not officially embrace conspiracy theories.[27][32]

The party condemned the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, noting Hamas’s close relations with Turkey.[33] The party supports the EastMed pipeline, which would connect Cyprus with Israel.[34]

ELAM advocated neutrality after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, highlighting Western hypocrisy on the Cyprus dispute.[35] Since then, the party has aligned its stance more closely with Ukraine, while encouraging the EU to provide similar support to Cyprus against Turkey as it provides to Ukraine against Russia.[36][37][38]

## Controversies

[edit]

Ideologically, it has been accused of belonging to the neo-fascist, neo-nazi or nationalist-revolutionary currents akin to those among the NPD in Germany,[39][27] the GUD in France and Golden Dawn in Greece.[40] Though the party has been accused of being aligned to fascist and even Nazi ideologies, it has categorically refused these claims and has cut ties with Golden Dawn since 2020.[41][42][43]

### Previous connections with Golden Dawn

[edit]

ELAM had been openly connected with Greek far-right political party Golden Dawn, which it described in the past as a "brother movement".[16] Members and supporters of ELAM celebrated in the streets after the Greek legislative electoral results of May 2012, which gave Golden Dawn representation in the Greek parliament for the first time.[16][44] The party officially congratulated the leader of Golden Dawn, Nikolaos Michaloliakos, for their electoral success.[45][46]

In late December of 2012, ELAM announced its candidate Georgios Charalambous; for the upcoming presidential elections; in the presence of two notable members of Golden Dawn, Giannis Lagos and Ilias Kasidiaris.[47] It was reported that in the presentation Ilias Kasidiaris stated that "ELAM and Golden Dawn are not simply brother parties" and that "ELAM is the Golden Dawn of Cyprus".[48]

In October 2013 Greek Golden Dawn MPs Ilias Kasidiaris and Artemis Matheopoulos stated that ELAM is being financed by Golden Dawn.[49][50] In June 2020, ELAM explained it had officially cut ties with Golden Dawn, after the party lost their parliamentary representation in the 2019 election.[51] Its leader, Christos Christou, cited that the party was following its own strategy, acting independently.[51] Media such as The Guardian or state-owned Turkish TRT World still describe the party as linked to Golden Dawn and as neo-Nazis.[52][53] Some linked this decision to the investigations of the murder of Pavlos Fyssas and the closure of Golden Dawn in 2020[27][29][32] and stated that their core policies did not change.[27][32]

### ELAM and political violence

[edit]

The party has been the subject of controversy in the Cypriot media and the broader political scene. It has been repeatedly accused of promoting racism and being involved in acts of violence. In July 2010, it was reported that after the condemnation ceremonies against the Turkish invasion of 1974 on 20 July, people with ELAM T-shirts attacked a Nigerian man in Makariou street in Nicosia.[54] On 19 March 2011, eyewitnesses reported that members of ELAM beat up a lottery seller in Lidras street in Nicosia after a disagreement in political views.[55] Furthermore, it was reported that eight ELAM members, one of which ranked as a second lieutenant in the Cypriot National Guard, were arrested by the police in connection to an attack against university students during the student elections of the University of Nicosia on 6 December 2011.[56] In addition, local newspaper Haravgi reported that on 11 May 2012, a second lieutenant was found training ELAM members in shooting mortars in a National Guard's shooting ground.[57][58][59] The Ministry of Defense confirmed that an officer had been charged for calling a non-authorized person for shooting in a shooting ground, but specified that it was a rifle shooting. The Ministry made no comment on possible political connections to the incident.[60]

On 26 March 2014, ELAM members attempted to interrupt and stop a reunification conference in Limassol, in which one of the speakers was the Turkish Cypriot politician Mehmet Ali Talat.[61] It was reported that members of ELAM broke through the police lines, broke a window and threw a flare in the conference hall,[61][62] while a Turkish Cypriot journalist was slightly injured.[63] ELAM was protesting against the presence of Mehmet Ali Talat in the conference, calling him a "war criminal".[63]

ELAM has officially opposed its association with the incidents mentioned, stating that no ELAM members have been convicted for the specific crimes that its members have been accused of. It further accused the media and other organisations for intentionally connecting the movement with the incidents, in order to damage its public image.[64][65]

### Parliamentary moment of silence boycott

[edit]

ELAM's MPs walked out on a parliamentary moment of silence for the more than 500 dead migrants from the 2023 Messenia migrant boat disaster. The party stated that the moment of silence was "political exploitation" and "The aim is so that society will feel guilty for a crime committed by traffickers."[66]

## Electoral results

[edit]

### President of Cyprus

[edit]

Election  | Round 1  | Candidate  | Win

|
|
|

#  | %  | Rank
2013 | 3,899  | 0.88  | 4th  | Georgios Charalampous |
2018 | 21,846  | 5.65  | 4th  | Christos Christou  |
2023 | 23,988  | 6.04  | 4th  | Christos Christou  |

### House of Representatives

[edit]

Election  | Votes  | Seats

|
|

#  | %  | Rank  | #  | ±
2011 | 4,354  | 1.1  | 7th  |

0 / 56

| new
2016 | 13,041  | 3.7  | 8th  |

2 / 56

|  2
2021 | 24,255  | 6.8  | 4th  |

4 / 56

|  2

### European Parliament

[edit]

Election  | Votes  | Seats

|
|

#  | %  | Rank  | #  | ±
2009 | 663  | 0.2  | 9th  |

0 / 6

| new
2014 | 6,957  | 2.7  | 7th  |

0 / 6

|  0
2019 | 23,167  | 8.3  | 5th  |

0 / 6

|  0
2024 | 41,215  | 11.2  | 4th (3rd Political Party)  |

1 / 6

|  1

## References

[edit]

Notes

Citations

1. ^ "Δειγματοληψία Μυελού των Οστών στο Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου – Μέτωπο Φοιτητών ΕΛΑΜ" [Bone Marrow Sampling at the University of Cyprus – ELAM Student Front]. elamcy.com (in Greek). ELAM. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
2. ^ "Το Μέτωπο Νεολαίας ΕΛΑΜ τίμησε τους υπερασπιστές της ΕΛΔΥΚ" [The ELAM Youth Front honored the defenders of ELDYK]. elamcy.com (in Greek). 13 August 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
3. ^ "Το Μέτωπο Γυναικών στην εκδήλωση διαμαρτυρίας γυναικών Υπαξιωματικών" [The Women's Front at the NCO women's protest event]. elamcy.com (in Greek). ELAM. 21 February 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
4. ^ ELAM is an ultranationalist party:
* Cyprus and the roadmap for peace - A critical interrogation of the conflict. p.87. Edited by Michalis S. Michael and Yucel Vural. Chapter authors - Yucel Vural, Sertac Sonan and Michalis S. Michael. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing in Cheltenham, UK. Published in 2018.
* "NDR Info Nachrichten vom 31.05.2021". Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 31 May 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
* "Parlamentswahl in Zypern - Konservative Regierungspartei als Favorit". Nau (website) [de]. 30 May 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2023.+[de]&rft.atitle=Parlamentswahl+in+Zypern+-+Konservative+Regierungspartei+als+Favorit&rft.date=2021-05-30&rft_id=https://www.nau.ch/politik/international/parlamentswahl-in-zypern-konservative-regierungspartei-als-favorit-65937019&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:ELAM+(Cyprus)" class="Z3988">
* Miranda Christou (16 April 2021). "The remnants of Golden Dawn are winning support in Cyprus". openDemocracy. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
* Nigel O'Connor (8 November 2013). "I Went to the Cypriot Golden Dawn's Fifth Birthday Party". Vice. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
5. ^ a b Πισώπλατη μαχαιριά της Ε.Ε στην Κύπρο! Ερντογάν: “Ανοίγει το 17 Κεφάλαιο των ενταξιακών”  Archived 2016-04-28 at the Wayback Machine, ELAM 30-11-2015
6. ^ a b Η Ε.Ε. καραδοκεί για τον φυσικό μας πλούτο Archived 2016-06-03 at the Wayback Machine, ELAM 28-01-2016
7. ^ [5][6]
8. ^ a b "Αφιέρωμα: Ιωάννης Μεταξάς (1871-1941), εκείνος που είπε το "ΟΧΙ"" [Tribute: Ioannis Metaxas (1871-1941), the one who said "NO"]. elamcy.com (in Greek). 27 October 2014.
9. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2016). "Cyprus". Parties and Elections in Europe.
10. ^ a b c Katsourides, Yiannos (December 2013). "Determinants of extreme right reappearance in Cyprus: The National Popular Front (ELAM), Golden Dawn's sister party". South European Society and Politics. 18 (4): 567–589\. doi:10.1080/13608746.2013.798893. S2CID 153418352.
11. ^ [9][10]
12. ^ Samaras, Georgios (2021-08-08). "Cyprus: what is Elam, the far-right nationalist party seeking success after the demise of Golden Dawn?". The Conversation.
13. ^ Nikolaos, Prakas (February 5, 2023). "Slight rise for far-right Elam". Cyprus Mail. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
14. ^ ELAM has been described as neo-fascist:
* Bértoa, Fernando Casal; Dumont, Patrick (2022-11-30). Party Politics in European Microstates. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-79805-1.
* Bertrand, Gilles (2017). "République de Chypre : les élections législatives de 2016 en perspective historique. Entre hausse de l'abstention et déclin relatif des partis historiques". Pôle Sud (in French). 47 (2): 149–162\. doi:10.3917/psud.047.0147. ISSN 1262-1676.
* Sánchez-Moreno, Manuel (2024-08-20). "La pervivencia histórica del fascismo. Reflexiones desde la memoria democrática europea". Revista mexicana de ciencias políticas y sociales (in Spanish). 68 (248): 271–294\. doi:10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2023.248.81766. ISSN 0185-1918.
* Charalambous, Giorgos; Christoforou, Panos (2018-10-02). "Far-Right Extremism and Populist Rhetoric: Greece and Cyprus during an Era of Crisis". Tand Ofline. 23 (4): 451–477\. doi:10.1080/13608746.2018.1555957. ISSN 1360-8746.
* "Cyprus votes for new parliament". DW.com. 2016-05-22. Retrieved 2024-12-12.
15. ^ ELAM has been described as neo-nazi:
* Ruth Wodak. "Europäische rechtspopulistische und rechtsextreme Parteien und Bewegungen". Politik mit der Angst. Satzweiss.com. ISBN 9783902968616.
* Britta Schellenberg (28 October 2018). "Rechtspopulismus im europäischen Vergleich – Kernelemente und Unterschiede". Federal Agency for Civic Education. Retrieved 6 October 2023. "Ihre Einordnung als rechtsextremistisch und neofaschistisch bzw. neonazistisch ist laut dem Direktor des Prometheus Research Institute an der Universität Zypern, Yiannos Katsourides, unumstritten."
* Lenz Jacobsen (30 March 2013). "Zyperns Goldene Morgenröte marschiert". Die Zeit. Retrieved 6 October 2023. "Die Elam ist die neue radikale Rechte auf der Krisen-Insel: nationalsozialistisch, rassistisch und neo-nazistisch."
* Klaus Hillenbrand (3 September 2023). "Rechte Gewalt auf Zypern: Rechtsradikale greifen Migranten an". Die Tageszeitung. Retrieved 6 October 2023. "Viele Zyprioten machen die neonazistische Partei Elam (Nationale Volksfront), eine Schwesterorganisation der verbotenen griechischen Partei „Goldene Morgenröte", für die Eskalation der Gewalt verantwortlich."
16. ^ a b c "ELAM seeks to echo Golden Dawn's success: Will Greek vote boost nationalism in Cyprus?". news.pseka.net. International Coordinating Committee "Justice for Cyprus" (PSEKA). 2012-05-13. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
17. ^ "O Γενικός Εισαγγελέας ξεκαθάρισε τί εστί κόμμα". Sigma Live. 2 May 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
18. ^ "ELAM: The Golden Dawn of Cyprus (ΕΛΑΜ: Η Χρυσή Αυγή της Κύπρου)". tvxs.gr. 8 November 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
19. ^ "Cyprus: ELAM, Like Golden Dawn (ΚΥΠΡΟΣ: ΕΛΑΜ ΟΠΩΣ ΧΡΥΣΗ ΑΥΓΗ)". Iskra.gr. 5 January 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
20. ^ "Είμαστε η Χρυσή Αυγή της Κύπρου λέει το ΕΛΑΜ" [We are the Golden Dawn of Cyprus]. Phileleftheros. 20 September 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
21. ^ "Elam tables bill seeking ban on Muslim headgear in public spaces". Cyprus Mail. Archived from the original on 2023-08-20. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
22. ^ "ΕΛΑΜ για ψήφο στην Αννίτα: Φράξαμε τον δρόμο στο ΑΚΕΛ". ΠΟΛΙΤΗΣ. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
23. ^ "Nέα πρόεδρος της Βουλής η Αννίτα Δημητρίου". Kathimerini.com.cy (in Greek). Retrieved 2024-06-01.
24. ^ "Επίθεση και βανδαλισμοί στα γραφεία του ΕΛΑΜ στη Λεμεσό (pics)". cyprustimes.com (in Greek). 2017-05-06. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
25. ^ "Στόχος βανδαλισμών τα γραφεία του ΕΛΑΜ στη Λευκωσία- Έκλεψαν αντικείμενα". 17 June 2023.
26. ^ "Βανδαλισμοί στα γραφεία ΕΛΑΜ: Έστειλαν μηνύματα με συνθήματα οι κουκουλοφόροι | AlphaNews.Live". www.alphanews.live (in Greek). 18 June 2023. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
27. ^ a b c d e f Marina Economides (29 January 2024). "Η σιωπηρή άνοδος του ΕΛΑΜ". Kathimerini (in Cypriot Greek). Retrieved 3 February 2024.
28. ^ "Ο διπλός στόχος, οι εντατικές διεργασίες και η αλλαγή δεδομένων στο ΕΛΑΜ". Reporter Cyprus (in Cypriot Greek). 27 December 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
29. ^ a b "Cypriot far-right eyes Italian inspiration for political ascent". Phileleftheros. 22 January 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
30. ^ "Far-right ELAM to join ECR in the EU Parliament". in-cyprus.philenews.com. 2024-06-10. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
31. ^ Presse, AFP-Agence France. "Cyprus Sends 24-year-old YouTuber To European Parliament". www.barrons.com. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
32. ^ a b c d Yiannos Katsourides; Leandros Savvides (2021). "The Profiteers of Fear?" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Foundation. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
33. ^ "Καταδικάζουμε απερίφραστα την επίθεση στο Ισραήλ". 7 October 2023.
34. ^ ""Fifty years on, Cypriots still yearn to return to their ancestral homes": An Interview with Geadis Geadi". The European Conservative. 12 August 2024.
35. ^ "Γ.Γεάδη: «Ούτε με Ρωσία, ούτε με Ουκρανία - Με τα συμφέροντα του ελληνισμού»". 6 March 2022.
36. ^ "Γεάδης Γεάδη: Το Προεδρείο του ECR, η λύση Ενιαίου Κράτους και το Μεταναστευτικό". Offsitenews. 20 July 2024.
37. ^ "Κυρώσεις κατά Τουρκίας όπως στη Ρωσία ζητά το ECR-Μίλησε για ενιαίο κράτος". Reporter. 17 July 2024.
38. ^ "Ευρωβουλή: Πώς κινήθηκε η Κύπρος για φον ντερ Λάιεν, Μέτσολα και Ουκρανικό". Kathimerini. 19 July 2024.
39. ^ German government (9 September 2011). "Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Sevim Dağdelen, Heike Hänsel, Dr. Dietmar Bartsch, weiterer Abgeordneter und der Fraktion DIE LINKE" (PDF). Retrieved 6 October 2023.
40. ^ Tristan Berteloot et Jean-Yves Camus (28 May 2019). "Européennes : tour d'Europe des droites eurosceptiques, populistes et radicales". Liberation. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2023..
41. ^ "British govt official attends Elam event". cyprus-mail.com. 2024-03-30. Retrieved 2024-05-29. "Ties between Elam and Golden Dawn were officially cut in 2020, and Golden Dawn was declared a criminal organisation later that same year following the conclusion of investigations into the murder of left-wing Greek rapper Pavlos Fyssas."
42. ^ Σούγλης, Δημήτρης (2021-11-10). "Φασισμός είναι…". Εθνικό Λαϊκό Μέτωπο (Ε.ΛΑ.Μ.) (in Greek). Retrieved 2024-05-29. "Στην Κύπρο έχουμε φασισμό και φασιστικές νοοτροπίες και το Εθνικό Λαϊκό Μέτωπο (Ε.ΛΑ.Μ), δεν έχει καμία σχέση ή ανάμειξη με αυτά." [In Cyprus we have fascism and fascismic mentality and the National Peoples Front (ELAM), does not have any relationship or mix up with that.]
43. ^ "On holiday with Europe's right-wingers". POLITICO. 2024-04-10. Retrieved 2024-05-29. "The far right Cypriot party, which once had links to Greece's now-defunct and outlawed neo-Nazi party, Golden Dawn, was the de facto host of the weekend's program."
44. ^ "The Cypriot "Golden Dawn" Excuses Kasidiaris (Η κυπριακή "Χρυσή Αυγή" δικαιολογεί τον Κασιδιάρη)". Lifo.gr. 9 June 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
45. ^ "Congratulations of ELAM to Golden Dawn (Συγχαρητήρια Ε.ΛΑ.Μ. προς Χρυσή Αυγή)". Sigma Live. 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
46. ^ "Congratulations of ELAM towards Golden Dawn (Συγχαρητήρια Ε.ΛΑ.Μ σε Χρυσή Αυγή)". ANT1. 7 May 2012. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
47. ^ "ELAM announces its candidate". Cyprus Mail. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
48. ^ "ELAM, as Golden Dawn (ΕΛΑΜ όπως Χρυσή Αυγή)". Prin. 6 January 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
49. ^ "Revelation: Golden Dawn Finances ELAM! This is what was stated by Kasidiaris and Matheopoulos! (Αποκάλυψη: Η Χρυσή Αυγή χρηματοδοτεί και το ΕΛΑΜ! Αυτό δήλωσαν Κασιδιάρης και Ματθαιόπουλος!)". To Thema. 25 October 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
50. ^ "AKEL: Golden Dawn Financed ELAM (ΑΚΕΛ: Η Χρυσή Αυγή χρηματοδοτούσε το ΕΛΑΜ)". Sofokleous In. 30 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
51. ^ a b "O Xρίστου εξηγεί: Γιατί το ΕΛΑΜ διέκοψε τις σχέσεις με την Χρυσή Αυγή (ΒΙΝΤΕΟ)". AlphaNews.Live (in Greek). 23 June 2020. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
52. ^ Smith, Helena (30 May 2021). "Cyprus election: far-right party linked to Greek neo-Nazis doubles vote share". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
53. ^ "Neo-Nazi party doubles vote share in Greek Cypriot elections". TRT World. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
54. ^ "Racism went out in the Streets (Ο ρατσιμός βγήκε στους δρόμους)". Politis. 2010-07-22. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
55. ^ ""We are Heating the Egg of the Snake" ("Ζεσταίνουμε το αβγό του φιδιού")". Politis. 2011-03-23. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
56. ^ "Eight Suspects, All Members of ELAM for the Attack at the University of Nicosia (Οκτώ ύποπτοι όλοι μέλη του ΕΛΑΜ για την επίθεση στο Πανεπιστήμιο Λευκωσίας)". Phileleftheros. 9 December 2011. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
57. ^ "Αξιωματικός της Ε.Φ. φέρεται να εκπαίδευε ΕΛΑΜΙΤΕΣ". Sigma Live. 13 May 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
58. ^ "Ανθυπίλαρχος εκπαίδευε στα όπλα μέλη του ΕΛΑΜ". iKypros. 13 May 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-11-21. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
59. ^ "Ανθυπίλαρχος εκπαίδευε στα όπλα μέλη του ΕΛΑΜ". Εμπροσθοφύλακας. 13 May 2012. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
60. ^ "Επιβεβαιώνει τη "Χ" το Υπουργείο Αμυνας". Haravgi. 15 May 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
61. ^ a b "Far right extremists disrupts reunification event". Cyprus Mail. 26 March 2014. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
62. ^ "ELAM Members Threw a Lighted Torch at Talat in Limassol (Ελαμίτες έριξαν αναμμένο πυρσό στον Ταλάτ στη Λεμεσό)". Kathimerini. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
63. ^ a b "Επεισόδια σε εκδήλωση με ομιλητή τον Ταλάτ στη Λεμεσό". Sigma Live. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
64. ^ ""ELAM has no Connection With the Attack at the University" ("Το ΕΛΑΜ δεν έχει καμία σχέση με την επίθεση στο Πανεπιστήμιο")". Sigma Live. 7 December 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
65. ^ "ELAM:"The article of Haravgi is Slanderus" (Ε.ΛΑ.Μ.:" Συκοφαντικό το δημοσίευμα της Χαραυγής")". Sigma Live. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
66. ^ Hazou, Elias (15 June 2023). "Elam MPs reportedly walked out during minute silence for shipwreck victims". Cyprus Mail. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Katsourides, Yiannos (December 2013). "Determinants of extreme right reappearance in Cyprus: The National Popular Front (ELAM), Golden Dawn's sister party". South European Society and Politics. 18 (4): 567–589\. doi:10.1080/13608746.2013.798893. S2CID 153418352.

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in Cyprus

House of Representatives|

* Democratic Rally (17)
* Progressive Party of Working People (15)
* Democratic Party (9)
* Democratic Alignment (4)
* Movement for Social Democracy (3)
* ELAM (3)
* Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation (2)
* Volt Cyprus (1)

Unrepresented|

* Animal Party Cyprus
* Cyprus Social Ecology Movement
* Jasmine Movement
* LASOK
* New Wave – The Other Cyprus
* Solidarity Movement
* United Democrats
* Workers' Democracy
* Zygos Movement

Defunct|

* Action
* Citizens' Alliance
* Committee for a Radical Left Rally
* Cyprus Turkish National Union
* Democratic National Party
* Eniaion
* European Democracy
* European Party
* Fighting Democratic Movement
* Generation Change
* New Horizons
* Patriotic Front
* Progressive Front

* See also: List of political parties in Northern Cyprus
* Politics of Cyprus
* List of political parties by country
* Politics portal

* v
* t
* e

Greek nationalism

Ideology|

* Modern Greek Enlightenment
* Megali Idea
* Hellenization
* Grecoman
* Venizelism
* Metaxism
* Enosis
* Greek Cypriot nationalism

Organizations|

* Filiki Eteria
* Ethniki Etaireia
* Macedonian Committee
* Military League
* National Youth Organisation
* EDES
* Northern Epirus Liberation Front
* EOKA
* EOKA B

Political parties|

* Napist Party
* New Party (1873)
* National Party
* Liberal Party
* Freethinkers' Party
* National Party of Greece
* New Party (1947)
* Politically Independent Alignment
* Greek Rally
* Progressive Party
* 4th of August Party
* National Democratic Union
* National Alignment
* United Nationalist Movement
* Party of Hellenism
* National Political Union
* Greek Unity
* Political Spring
* Golden Dawn
* Hellenic Front
* Front Line
* Popular Orthodox Rally
* Democratic Revival
* Patriotic Alliance
* ELAM (Cyprus)
* Panhellenic Macedonian Front
* National Hope
* United Popular Front
* National Unity Association
* Creation
* Independent Greeks
* National Front
* Union for the Homeland and the People
* Assembly of Greeks
* LEPEN
* National Unity
* New Right
* Greek Solution
* Spartans
* Victory
* National Popular Consciousness
* National Party – Greeks
* Free People
* Patriots
* National Accord
* National Creation
* Patriotic Force for Change
* Voice of Reason

People|

* Adamantios Korais
* Rigas Feraios
* Alexander Ypsilantis
* Ioannis Kapodistrias
* Athanasios Diakos
* Theodoros Kolokotronis
* Dionysios Solomos
* Constantine Paparrigopoulos
* Aristotelis Valaoritis
* Alexandros Koumoundouros
* Theodoros Diligiannis
* Kostis Palamas
* Pavlos Melas
* Ion Dragoumis
* Eleftherios Venizelos
* Nikolaos Plastiras
* Ioannis Metaxas
* Angelos Sikelianos
* Alexandros Papagos
* Napoleon Zervas
* Georgios Grivas
* Georgios Papadopoulos
* Dimitrios Ioannidis
* Antonis Samaras

Historical events|

* Greco-Persian Wars
* Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
* Greek War of Independence
* Epirus Revolt of 1854
* 1854 Macedonian rebellion
* 1867 Macedonian rebellion
* Cretan revolt (1866–1869)
* Cretan revolt (1878)
* Epirus Revolt of 1878
* 1878 Macedonian rebellion
* 1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion
* Greco-Turkish War (1897)
* Macedonian Struggle
* Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre
* Theriso revolt
* Greece in the Balkan Wars
* Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
* Greece during World War I
* Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
* 1931 Cyprus revolt
* 4th of August Regime
* Greek resistance
* Cyprus Emergency (1955–59)
* Cyprus crisis of 1963–64
* Bloody Christmas (1963)
* Greek junta (1967–74)
* 1974 Cypriot coup d'état
* 1990 Komotini events

Policies|

* Aromanian question
* Geographical name changes
* Greek language question

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