Eagle Pass, Texas

City in Texas, United States

Eagle Pass, Texas

City

Nicknames:

El Aguilón
El Paso del Águila
Illegal Pass

Location of Eagle Pass, Texas

Coordinates: 28°42′38″N 100°29′22″W﻿ / ﻿28.71056°N 100.48944°W﻿ / 28.71056; -100.48944
Country| United States
State| Texas
County| Maverick
Government

• Type| Council-Manager
• City Council| Mayor Rolando Salinas
Elias Diaz
William "Billy" Davis
Yolanda Ramon
• City Manager| George Antuna
Area

[1]

• Total| 9.49 sq mi (24.58 km2)
• Land| 9.42 sq mi (24.40 km2)
• Water| 0.07 sq mi (0.18 km2)
Elevation

[2]

| 732 ft (223 m)
Population

(2020)

• Total| 28,130
• Density| 3,150.83/sq mi (1,216.59/km2)
Time zone| UTC-6 (Central (CST))
• Summer (DST)| UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP codes|

78852-78853

Area code| 830
FIPS code| 48-21892[3]
GNIS feature ID| 1356538[2]
Website| www.eaglepasstx.us

Eagle Pass is a city in and the county seat of Maverick County in the U.S. state of Texas. Its population was 28,130 as of the 2020 census.[4]

Eagle Pass borders the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, which is to the southwest and across the Rio Grande. The Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras metropolitan area (EP-PN) is one of six binational metropolitan areas along the United States-Mexican border. [citation needed] According to the 2020 Census, the Eagle Pass Micropolitan Area population was 57,887 people, and the Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area population was 209,456 inhabitants.

## History

[edit]

Eagle Pass was the first American settlement on the Rio Grande. Originally known as Camp Eagle Pass, it served as a temporary outpost for the Texas militia, which had been ordered to stop illegal trade with Mexico during the Mexican–American War.[5] Eagle Pass is so named because the contour of the hills through which the Rio Grande flows bore a fancied resemblance to the outstretched wings of an eagle.[6]

General William Leslie Cazneau (1807–1876) founded the Eagle Pass townsite in the 1840s.[7] In 1850, Rick Pawless opened a trading post called Eagle Pass. In 1871, Maverick County was established, and Eagle Pass was named the county seat. During the remainder of the 19th century, schools and churches opened, the mercantile and ranching industries grew, and a railway was built.

Main article: Piedras Negras-Eagle Pass tornadoes

On April 24, 2007, at 7:00 pm CDT, a tornado tore through outside of Eagle Pass and caused loss of life and property damage. The community was paralyzed for more than a week. This tornado tore through the southern part of the town, and major damage was done. At the Rosita Valley Elementary School, one child was waiting with his teacher to be picked up and as the dangerous storm approached, the child was picked up and his teacher left the campus too. Minutes later, the school was flattened with nothing to spare. Since then, the school has been rebuilt, and the community lives life normally.[8]

The City of Eagle Pass was sued by the US government in 2008 to gain access to the land and construct a fence on the United States-Mexico border.[9] An ongoing public corruption, bid-rigging, and kickback investigation by the FBI and Texas Department of Public Safety has resulted in the arrest and imprisonment of all four Maverick County commissioners, one justice of the peace, and several local government employees and businessmen since October 2012, making it the largest public criminal probe in Eagle Pass and Maverick County history.[10] On February 20, 2015, a federal grand jury in Del Rio indicted a county commissioner and a former county justice of the peace in connection with an alleged bribery, kickback, and bid-rigging scheme, all related to the ongoing public corruption investigation.[11] On February 23, 2015, former Maverick County Commissioner Rodolfo Heredia was sentenced to 10 years in federal prison, followed by three years of supervised release, and ordered to perform 1,200 hours of community service after completing his prison term. He was also ordered to pay a maximum of $56,003.88 in restitution to Maverick County.[12]

On August 8, 2012, a federal grand jury in the U.S. District Court in Del Rio indicted five Eagle Pass residents, including a former Public Works Department employee, in connection with an estimated $70,000 credit-card fraud scheme. According to the indictment, during 2011, City of Eagle Pass employee Edgar Aguilar obtained five City of Eagle Pass-owned Fuelman credit cards designated for fuel purchases for Public Works department vehicles and distributed them to his accomplices to purchase fuel for their own vehicles and to purchase fuel for others at the city's expense. In some instances, defendants charged individuals a reduced rate for fuel purchased using the city's credit card and then pocketed the cash.[13] On November 29, 2012, Aguilar entered a guilty plea for the charges of theft and fraud, and on May 15, 2013, was sentenced to 42 months in federal prison and ordered to pay $68,373.87 in restitution for his role in the fraudulent scheme.[14]

On March 30, 2017, Hector Chavez Sr., the former Eagle Pass city manager, pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI regarding a bribery scheme involving public contracts in Maverick County. Chavez, with the company Chace Management, was charged with receiving $20,000 from the owner of the engineering firm Hejl, Lee, and Associates to bribe a county commissioner to procure a $270,000 contract for the engineering firm. Chavez admitted to having given false information in 2015. Chavez was sentenced to 42 months in federal prison and three years' supervised release on August 21, 2017.[15][16]

On January 11, 2024, following Texas Governor Greg Abbott signing an emergency declaration to close down Shelby Park as a part of Operation Lone Star, the Texas National Guard and Texas Rangers took control of park, blocking the United States Border Patrol from patrolling the area (which is located along the Rio Grande, and therefore the border between the United States and Mexico) as a result. This started the Standoff at Eagle Pass, which is currently ongoing.[17][18]

## Geography

[edit]

Eagle Pass is located at 28°42′38″N 100°29′22″W﻿ / ﻿28.71056°N 100.48944°W﻿ / 28.71056; -100.48944 (28.710622, −100.489331).[19]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.4 mi2 (19.2 km2), of which 0.04 mi2 (0.1 km2) (0.40%) is covered by water.

The area is served by U.S. Routes 57 and 277, and Farm-to-Market Road 481. Maverick County Memorial International Airport is a general aviation field. The nearest commercial air service is 50 miles away, via the Del Rio International Airport in Del Rio, which is served by American Airlines.

## Climate

[edit]

Eagle Pass has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSh). The average hottest month is August, and the highest recorded temperature was 115 °F (46.1 °C) in 1916 and 1944. Typically, the coolest month is January, while the lowest recorded temperature was 10 °F (−12.2 °C) in 1962. Most precipitation occurs in the spring through fall with a drier winter. The highest monthly average precipitation occurs in September, with a secondary peak in May and June. Late July and August demonstrate a significant, secondary dry season, with very high temperatures and high sun exposure, resulting in high evaporation rates.

Climate data for Eagle Pass, Texas, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1897–2018

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °F (°C)  | 96
(36)  | 101
(38)  | 106
(41)  | 108
(42)  | 114
(46)  | 115
(46)  | 115
(46)  | 112
(44)  | 111
(44)  | 106
(41)  | 100
(38)  | 94
(34)  | 115
(46)
Mean maximum °F (°C)  | 81.7
(27.6)  | 86.7
(30.4)  | 92.5
(33.6)  | 99.1
(37.3)  | 101.3
(38.5)  | 104.2
(40.1)  | 104.2
(40.1)  | 105.0
(40.6)  | 101.0
(38.3)  | 95.7
(35.4)  | 88.4
(31.3)  | 80.8
(27.1)  | 107.4
(41.9)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)  | 64.5
(18.1)  | 70.0
(21.1)  | 77.6
(25.3)  | 84.4
(29.1)  | 90.3
(32.4)  | 96.0
(35.6)  | 97.5
(36.4)  | 98.6
(37.0)  | 91.8
(33.2)  | 83.4
(28.6)  | 72.4
(22.4)  | 64.8
(18.2)  | 82.6
(28.1)
Daily mean °F (°C)  | 52.1
(11.2)  | 56.7
(13.7)  | 64.5
(18.1)  | 71.0
(21.7)  | 78.1
(25.6)  | 83.9
(28.8)  | 85.6
(29.8)  | 86.5
(30.3)  | 80.4
(26.9)  | 71.4
(21.9)  | 60.3
(15.7)  | 52.3
(11.3)  | 70.2
(21.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)  | 39.7
(4.3)  | 43.4
(6.3)  | 51.4
(10.8)  | 57.7
(14.3)  | 65.9
(18.8)  | 71.8
(22.1)  | 73.8
(23.2)  | 74.3
(23.5)  | 69.1
(20.6)  | 59.3
(15.2)  | 48.3
(9.1)  | 39.8
(4.3)  | 57.9
(14.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C)  | 28.2
(−2.1)  | 30.6
(−0.8)  | 36.4
(2.4)  | 45.6
(7.6)  | 56.8
(13.8)  | 65.9
(18.8)  | 70.0
(21.1)  | 69.6
(20.9)  | 57.8
(14.3)  | 45.1
(7.3)  | 34.9
(1.6)  | 27.5
(−2.5)  | 24.0
(−4.4)
Record low °F (°C)  | 10
(−12)  | 10
(−12)  | 20
(−7)  | 32
(0)  | 42
(6)  | 47
(8)  | 62
(17)  | 60
(16)  | 42
(6)  | 27
(−3)  | 19
(−7)  | 12
(−11)  | 10
(−12)
Average precipitation inches (mm)  | 0.74
(19)  | 0.74
(19)  | 1.18
(30)  | 2.02
(51)  | 2.80
(71)  | 2.20
(56)  | 2.10
(53)  | 1.68
(43)  | 3.29
(84)  | 2.14
(54)  | 1.13
(29)  | 0.81
(21)  | 20.83
(530)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 3.8  | 3.6  | 3.7  | 3.5  | 4.5  | 3.8  | 3.4  | 3.0  | 5.3  | 3.5  | 3.7  | 3.5  | 45.3
Source 1: NOAA[20]
Source 2: National Weather Service (mean maxima/minima 1981-2010)[21]

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1850| 383| | —
1860| 522| | 36.3%
1870| 1,240| | 137.5%
1880| 1,627| | 31.2%
1910| 3,536| | —
1920| 5,765| | 63.0%
1930| 5,059| | −12.2%
1940| 13,343| | 163.7%
1950| 14,211| | 6.5%
1960| 12,094| | −14.9%
1970| 15,364| | 27.0%
1980| 21,407| | 39.3%
1990| 20,651| | −3.5%
2000| 22,413| | 8.5%
2010| 26,248| | 17.1%
2020| 28,130| | 7.2%
U.S. Decennial Census
2018 Estimate[22]

### 2020 census

[edit]

Eagle Pass racial composition[23]
(NH = Non-Hispanic)[a] Race  | Number  | Percentage

|
|

White (NH)  | 1,006  | 3.58%
Black or African American (NH)  | 117  | 0.42%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH)  | 61  | 0.22%
Asian (NH)  | 159  | 0.57%
Pacific Islander (NH)  | 1  | 0.0%
Some Other Race (NH)  | 67  | 0.24%
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH)  | 55  | 0.2%
Hispanic or Latino | 26,664  | 94.79%
Total | 28,130 |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 28,130 people, 8,850 households, and 7,053 families residing in the city.

### 2006

[edit]

As of the census[3] of 2006, 24,847 people, 6,925 households, and 5,588 families resided in the city. The population density was 3,030.3 people/sq mi (1,169.4/km2). The 7,613 housing units averaged 1,029.3/sq mi (397.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 42.73% White, 0.27% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 22.71% from other races, and 3.13% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 96.90% of the population.

Of the 6,925 households, 43.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 18.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.3% were not families. About 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.22, and the average family size was 3.69.

In the city, the population was distributed as 32.7% under 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,623, and for a family was $27,140. Males had a median income of $26,350 versus $17,346 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,414. About 26.0% of families and 29.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.0% of those under age 18 and 39.1% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy

[edit]

The City of Eagle Pass is home to small and large businesses alike, but its primary sectors are retail, import/export, and manufacturing. Two of its largest manufacturers are Mossberg and MicroStar. It was in 2014 when Maverick Arms decided to expand to Eagle Pass[25] after it received assistance from the State of Texas using the Texas Enterprise Fund.

The City of Eagle Pass and Maverick County recently adopted matching incentives policies (2020) making it easier for outside businesses to expand operations in the region. Incentives are handled through the city's Economic Development Department.

Because of its location along the U.S./Mexico border, the retail sector is healthy due to the large number of visitors Eagle Pass gets from Mexico. It is estimated that on a regular weekday, Eagle Pass gets 6,000 people across into the U.S. vs. 10,000 on the weekend. Many of these visitors stay within the city limits to shop and eat at local restaurants.

## Government

[edit]

The United States Postal Service operates a post office located at 410 S Bibb Ave.

The United States Border Patrol has two stations in Eagle Pass. The Eagle Pass North Station is at 2285 Del Rio Blvd and the Eagle Pass South Station at 4156 El Indio Hwy.

Eagle Pass is the headquarters of the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, a federally recognized tribe of Kickapoo people.[26]

## Transportation

[edit]

Highways in the area are:

* U.S. Route 57
* U.S. Route 277
* State Highway 131

## Utilities

[edit]

In 2000, as part of the power exchange between Texas and Mexico, a high-voltage direct current facility equipped with insulated-gate bipolar transistors was built. This facility, built for Central Power and Light (now AEP Texas) by the ABB Group, operates at a bipolar voltage of 15.9 kV, and has a maximum transfer rate of 36 megawatts. The power station enables AEP to purchase electricity from Mexico's Comisión Federal de Electricidad, when needed.[27]

## Media

[edit]

* Eagle Pass News Leader
* The News Gram

## Notable people

[edit]

* Tres Barrera (born 1994), backup catcher for the Washington Nationals
* Rian James (1899–1953), author and screenwriter
* Louis Lane (1923–2016) conductor of Cleveland and Atlanta symphonies
* Biz Mackey (1897–1965), catcher and manager in Negro League baseball
* Robert C. Mathis (1927–2016), retired Air Force four-star general, served as Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force
* Guadalupe Garcia McCall, author and educator
* Connie Douglas Reeves (1901–2003), rancher, National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame
* Gus Sorola (born 1978), co-founder of Rooster Teeth

## Gallery

[edit]

* Downtown Eagle Pass

* Eagle Pass City Hall at the foot of International Bridge

* The Rio Grande at Eagle Pass, Texas, with Piedras Negras in the background

* Historic First United Methodist Church on Quarry Street

* Map of the city 1887

* The restored Fort Duncan in Eagle Pass is located near the International Bridge.

* The International Bridge across the Rio Grande in Eagle Pass

* The Eagle Pass public library is located on Main Street east of the Maverick County Courthouse.

* Fort Duncan Medical Center in Eagle Pass is named after the former US Army outpost.

* Historic Maverick County Courthouse

* Mall de las Aguilas on Bibb Street in Eagle Pass

## See also

[edit]

* Texas portal

* Camino Real International Bridge
* Eagle Pass – Piedras Negras International Bridge
* Fort Duncan
* Union Pacific International Railroad Bridge

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.[24]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Eagle Pass, Texas
3. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
4. ^ "Explore Census Data".
5. ^ Texas Transportation Commission, Texas State Travel Guide, 2008, p. 232
6. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 112.
7. ^ Ben E. Pingenot: Eagle Pass, TX from the Handbook of Texas Online (September 21, 2023).  Retrieved August 28, 2024.
8. ^ "Tornado Kills 7 Near Eagle Pass On Mexican Border". CBS 11 TV. April 25, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
9. ^ Texas City Ordered to Turn Over Land to Feds for Border Fence Construction, January 16, 2008
10. ^ Buch, Jason (December 9, 2012). "Corruption costly for Maverick residents". San Antonio Express-News. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
11. ^ Buch, Jason (February 20, 2015). "More Maverick County officials arrested by FBI in bribery investigation". San Antonio Express-News. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
12. ^ "Former Maverick County Commissioner, Former County Employee, and Three Contractors Sentenced to Federal Prison in Connection with a Bribery, Kickback, and Bid-Rigging Scheme — FBI". www.fbi.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
13. ^ "Federal Grand Jury Indicts Five in Connection with Credit Card Fraud Scheme Involving the City of Eagle Pass". FBI. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
14. ^ "Former Eagle Pass Department of Public Works Employee Sentenced for Role in City Credit Card Fraud Scheme". FBI. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
15. ^ Guillermo Contreras, "Ex-Eagle Pass manager faces up to 5 years for lying to FBI," San Antonio Express-News, April 1, 2017, p. 6.
16. ^ "Former Eagle Pass City Manager Hector Chavez, Sr. Sentenced to Federal Prison for Lying to FBI in Connection with Investigation into "Pay-To-Play" Bribery Scheme Involving Maverick County Contracts - Eagle Pass Business Journal". www.epbusinessjournal.com. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
17. ^ "Border standoff between Texas, feds intensifies as governor defies Supreme Court ruling". PBS NewsHour. January 25, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
18. ^ García, Uriel J. (January 22, 2024). "In Eagle Pass, a tense border standoff between Texas and the federal government is reaching a crescendo". KSAT. Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on January 22, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
19. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
20. ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Eagle Pass 3N, TX". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
21. ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Austin". National Weather Service. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
22. ^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
23. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
24. ^ "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
25. ^ Keys, Lili (July 8, 2014). "Maverick Arms expanding in Eagle Pass, Texas". LSONews. Archived from the original on November 14, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
26. ^ "Tribal Directory." National Congress of American Indians. Retrieved 12 Sept 2013.
27. ^ "References | ABB". new.abb.com. Retrieved August 15, 2019.

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[edit]

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