East Central German

Variety of Central German

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East Central German

East Middle German (German: Ostmitteldeutsch)
Geographic
distribution| Thuringia, Saxony, Berlin, Brandenburg, Silesia
Linguistic classification| Indo-European

* Germanic
* West Germanic
* High German
* Central German
* East Central German

Subdivisions|

* Thuringian
* Upper Saxon
* Erzgebirgisch
* Lusatian
* Silesian
* High Prussian
* Wymysorys (separate language)
* Alzenau

Language codes
Glottolog| `east2832`  (East Middle German)
uppe1400  (Central East Middle German)

German dialects after 1945 and the expulsions of the Germans from their eastern homelands

Thuringian (17)

North Upper Saxon (18)

South Märkisch (19)

Upper Saxon (20)

East Central German or East Middle German (German: Ostmitteldeutsch) is the eastern Central German language and is part of High German. Present-day Standard German as a High German variant,[1] has actually developed from a compromise of East Central (especially Upper Saxon that was promoted by Johann Christoph Gottsched) and East Franconian German. East Central German dialects are mainly spoken in Central Germany and parts of Brandenburg, and were formerly also spoken in Silesia and Bohemia.

## Dialects

[edit]

East Central German is spoken in large parts of what is today known as the cultural area of Central Germany (Mitteldeutschland).

It comprises according to Glottolog:[2]

* Central East Middle German
* High Prussian (Hochpreußisch) (nearly extinct)
* Thuringian (Thüringisch)
* Upper Saxon (Obersächsisch)
* Anhaltisch
* Meißnisch
* Osterländisch
* Westlausitzisch
* Erzgebirgisch
* Nordobersäschisch-Südmärkisch
* Schlesisch–Wilmesau
* Silesian (Schlesisch) (nearly extinct)
* Old Zipser (Altzipserisch)
* Wymysorys
* Eastern Yiddish (which is a form of Yiddish besides Western Yiddish)

### Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch

[edit]

The dialect area of Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch lies north of Upper-Saxon and north-western of Silesian, in the south it includes parts of Lusatia and in the north, depending on definition, it can include the region around Berlin. It consists of multiple sub-parts, where the switch to High German (from Low German or Sorbian) occurred at different times and under different conditions.[3][4][5][6]

## See also

[edit]

* West Central German

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Ethnologue: East Middle German". Retrieved 2021-09-27.
2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "East Middle German". Glottolog 4.3.
3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
But Glottolog lists the following varieties which can be confused:
* Eastern Low German
* Märkisch
* Südmärkisch (lit. South Markish; a form of Low German to which Südmärkisch belonged in the Middle Ages)
* East Middle German
* Central East Middle German
* Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch (lit. North Upper Saxon–South Markish)
* Upper Saxon
* North Upper Saxon
* South Upper Saxon
4. ^ Peter Wiesinger: Die Einteilung der deutschen Dialekte. In: Dialektologie. Ein Handbuch zur deutschen und allgemeinen Dialektforschung. Herausgegeben von Werner Besch, Ulrich Knoop, Wolfgang Putschke, Herbert Ernst Wiegand. Zweiter Halbband. Volume 1.2 of Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (HSK). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York, 1983, p. 807ff., here p. 865ff. (sub-chapter: Das Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkische)
5. ^ "Dialekt-Karte_neu « atlas-alltagssprache". Atlas zur deutschen Alltagssprache (AdA). Archived from the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved 2021-02-20. Annotated with: "Abb. 20: Die Gliederung der deutschen Dialekte (Wiesinger)"
6. ^ Map Deutsche Dialekte: Historische Verteilung by Jost Gippert. A previous version of it was published in: H. Glück (ed.), Metzler Lexikon Sprache, Stuttgart / Weimar, 1993, and later editions.
* Gippert, Jost. "TITUS Didactica: Deutsche Dialekte / German Dialects". titus.uni-frankfurt.de. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. (older than the URLs below)
* Gippert, Jost. "TITUS Didactica: Deutsche Dialekte / German Dialects". titus.uni-frankfurt.de.
* Gippert, Jost. "TITUS Didactica: Deutsche Dialekte / German Dialects". titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de.

* v
* t
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Germanic languages

According to contemporary philology

West

| Anglo-Frisian|

| Anglic|

* English
* dialects
* Old English
* Middle English
* Modern English
* Early Modern English
* Irish Middle English
* Fingallian
* Kildare
* Yola
* Scots
* Early Scots
* Middle Scots

|

Frisian|

| Historical forms|

* Old Frisian
* Middle Frisian

|

East Frisian|

* Ems
* Saterland Frisian
* Upgant Frisian
* Weser
* Wangerooge Frisian
* Wursten Frisian
* Harlingerland Frisian

North Frisian|

* Insular
* Eiderstedt
* Föhr–Amrum
* Föhr
* Amrum
* Heligolandic
* Sylt
* Mainland
* Bökingharde
* Mooring
* Halligen
* Goesharde
* Northern
* Central
* Southern
* Karrharde
* Strand
* Wiedingharde

West Frisian|

* Hindeloopen
* Schiermonnikoog
* Westlauwers–Terschellings
* Mainland West Frisian
* Clay Frisian
* Wood Frisian
* Westereendersk
* Terschelling

Low German|

| Historical forms|

* Old Saxon
* Middle Low German

|

West Low German|

* Dutch Low Saxon
* Stellingwarfs
* Tweants
* Gronings
* Drèents
* Gelders-Overijssels
* Achterhooks
* Sallaans
* Urkers
* Veluws
* Northern Low Saxon
* East Frisian Low Saxon
* Gronings
* Hamburg
* Holsteinisch
* Oldenburgisch
* Bremian
* Schleswigsch
* Eastphalian
* Westphalian

East Low German|

* Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
* Brandenburgisch
* Central Pomeranian
* East Pomeranian
* Low Prussian
* Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German

Low Franconian|

| Historical forms|

* Frankish
* Old Dutch
* Middle Dutch

|

Standard variants|

* Dutch
* Afrikaans (Kaaps)

West Low Franconian|

* Central Dutch
* Hollandic
* West Flemish
* French Flemish
* Zeelandic
* East Flemish
* Brabantian
* Kleverlandish

* Surinamese Dutch
* Jersey Dutch
* Mohawk Dutch
* Stadsfries/Bildts/Amelands/Midslands

East Low Franconian|

* Limburgish

Cover groups|

* Bergish
* Meuse-Rhenish

High German
(German)|

| Historical forms|

* Old High German
* Middle High German
* New High German
* Early New High German

|

Standard German|

* German Standard German
* Austrian Standard German
* Swiss Standard German

Non-standard variants
and creoles|

* Namibian German
* Namibian Black German
* Berlinerisch
* Unserdeutsch
* Barossa German
* Rotwelsch
* Lotegorisch
* Yenish
* Yiddish
* Eastern
* Western
* Scots Yiddish
* Klezmer-loshn
* Lachoudisch

Central German|

| West Central German|

* Central Franconian
* Ripuarian
* Colognian
* Southeast Limburgish
* Moselle Franconian
* Luxembourgish
* Transylvanian Saxon
* Hunsrückisch
* Hunsrik
* Rhine Franconian
* Lorraine Franconian
* Palatine
* Volga German
* Pennsylvania Dutch
* Hessian
* Central Hessian
* Amana German

|

East Central German|

* Thuringian
* Upper Saxon
* Erzgebirgisch
* Lusatian
* Silesian German
* High Prussian
* Wymysorys
* Halcnovian

Upper German|

* Alemannic in the broad sense
* Low Alemannic
* Alsatian
* Coloniero
* High Alemannic
* Swiss German
* Highest Alemannic
* Walser German
* Swabian
* Bavarian
* Northern Bavarian
* Central Bavarian
* Viennese German
* Southern Bavarian
* South Tyrolean
* Cimbrian
* Mòcheno
* Hutterite German
* Gottscheerish
* South Franconian
* East Franconian
* Vogtlandian
* Langobardic

North and East

| North|

| Historical forms|

* Proto-Norse
* Old Norse
* Old West Norse
* Old East Norse
* Old Gutnish

|

West|

* Norwegian
* Bergensk
* Kebabnorsk
* Sognamål
* Trøndersk
* Valdris
* Vestlandsk
* Vikværsk
* Bokmål (written)
* Nynorsk (written)
* Old Norwegian
* Middle Norwegian
* Faroese
* Icelandic
* Old Icelandic
* Middle Icelandic
* Greenlandic Norse
* Norn

East|

* Swedish
* Swedish dialects
* Rinkebysvenska
* Danish
* Danish dialects
* Insular Danish
* Jutlandic
* South Jutlandic
* East Danish
* Bornholmsk
* Scanian (historically)
* Southern Schleswig Danish
* Gøtudanskt
* Perkerdansk
* Old Danish
* Middle Danish
* Dalecarlian
* Elfdalian

* Gutnish
* Mainland Gutnish
* Fårö Gutnish

East|

* Gothic
* Crimean Gothic
* Ostrogoth
* Visigoth
* Gepid ?
* Burgundian
* Vandalic
* Herulian ?
* Skirian ?

Philology

| Language subgroups|

* North
* East
* West
* Elbe (Irminonic)
* Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
* North Sea (Ingvaeonic)

* Northwest
* Gotho-Nordic
* South

|

Reconstructed|

* Proto-Germanic
* Proto-Germanic grammar
* Germanic parent language
* Ancient Belgian language

Diachronic features|

* Grimm's law
* Verner's law
* Holtzmann's law
* Sievers's law
* Kluge's law
* Germanic substrate hypothesis
* West Germanic gemination
* High German consonant shift
* Germanic a-mutation
* Germanic umlaut
* Germanic spirant law
* Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
* Great Vowel Shift

Synchronic features|

* Germanic verb
* Germanic strong verb
* Germanic weak verb
* Preterite-present verb
* Grammatischer Wechsel
* Indo-European ablaut

* Italics indicate extinct languages
* Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

Authority control databases: National |

* Germany

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