East Strickland languages

Language family of Papua New Guinea

East Strickland

Strickland River
Geographic
distribution| Strickland River region, Western Province and South Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classification| Papuan Gulf ?

* Strickland
* East Strickland

Glottolog| east2433

Map: The East Strickland languages of New Guinea

The East Strickland languages

Trans–New Guinea languages

Other Papuan languages

Austronesian languages

Uninhabited

The East Strickland or Strickland River languages are a family of Papuan languages.

## Languages[edit]

The East Strickland languages actually form a language continuum.[1] Shaw (1986) recognizes six languages, which are:[2][3]

* Upper: Fembe (Agala), Konai
* Odoodee (Tomu)
* Central/Middle: Gobasi (Nomad), Kubo, Samo (Daba)

Gobasi, Odoodee and Samo, but especially Gobasi, are also known as "Nomad".

## Pronouns[edit]

Pronouns are:

| sg | du | pl

|
|
|

1  | *na, *ã | *o-li, *a-la | *oi
2  | *nõ | *nĩ-le | *nĩ
3  | *yõ | *i-le | *yã, *di

## Vocabulary comparison[edit]

The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970),[4] Shaw (1973),[5] and Shaw (1986),[6] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[7]

gloss | Fembe | Gobasi (Oibae dialect) | Gobasi (Bibo dialect) | Gobasi (Honibo dialect) | Gobasi | Konai | Kubo | Odoodee (Hesif dialect) | Odoodee (Kalamo dialect) | Samo

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

head  | widua; wɔdiɔ | ulugib | ukib; ulukib | uligib | ulʌkib | wudio | odiu; wodio; wodiyo | uľugi | wiligi | ukibi; ulagibi; ulʌgibi
hair  | wigiduae; wɔdiɔ tɔwɔ | orɔwɔ | otowa; tawa | utoʌ; utowa | o dɔsɔ | wudio towe | tɔwɛ; wodio toi; wodiyo toi | uľu tu | wudu | otowa; tawa; ulʌgibi
ear  | du | dulu | dul; duːr | dulu | dulo | kʌhẽ | du; duwëw | dulu | dulu | duli; duːri
eye  | d̲iho; gihã | hiɔ | hĩãwã; hio̧w | hiɔ; hiyo | hiɔ̃ | dihɔ | diəhã; diho̧; dihō | hɔwɔ̃ | hɔ̃wɔ̃ | hĩãwã; hĩɔwɔ; hi̧yowo
nose  | go; migiyao | mi | mina; mini | mi̧ni; mĩni | mina | mɔkwã | mi | mɔdu | mudu | mini; mi̧ni; mĩnĩ
tooth  | maeow; meyɔ | mɔɛ | mo̧i | moi; mɔi | mɔi | mẽ | mɔ̃yə̃; moyo; mɔyɔ | mei | mɛ̃ | mɔ̃yə̃; moyo̧; mɔ̃yɔ̃
tongue  | e; i | ilɪ | il(i); iri | ili | ili | i | i; iː | i | i | mȩnema̧ni; mẽnɛmãnĩ; meremai
leg  | abogo; ɔbɔgɔ̃ | hɔm | homo | hom; hɔm | hɔma | ɔbɔgɔ̃ | obogo; ɔbɔgɔ | hɔmɔ | hɔmɔ̃ | homo; hɔmɔ̃
louse  | ou; ɔ̃u | ɔm | om | om | om | ɔ̃u | o̧u̧; oū | ɔu | õu | o̧u̧; õu; õw
dog  | sɔ; sou | sɔf | sof; sɔf | sof; sɔf | sɔf | sɔ | so; sɔ | sɔ | sɔ | sɔfo; sofu; sɔfu
pig  | wai | bɔɛ |  | bɔi | bɔi | wai | ʔo | bɛ | be | bɔyɔ
bird  | siu; siyɔ | sikɪ | sigo | si | sigɔ | siɔ | siu; siyu | ɔsigɔ | sɔʔ | sigo; sigɔ
egg  | sioho; siyɔ hɔ | si kɔlɔ | holo | hol; si hɔl | wigɔ hɔlɔ | siɔ hɔ | hoo; siu ho | sɔʔ hɔ | sɔʔ hɔ | holo; sigɔ hɔlɔ
blood  | iyou; ɔyɔ | sʌh | so̧ho̧u | sahau | sõho | kafi | ayo | sãwɔ̃ | kegãye | ayo; ayu
bone  | dio; diɔ | kiːp | kib; kiːb; kibi | kib | kib | diɔ | dio; diu; diyo | ki | ki | kibi
skin  | golo; kɔ̃fɔ̃ya | kɔrɔᵽ | kiari; sib | kolof; kɔlɔf | kɔlɔf | kɔlɔ | kolo; kɔlɔ; kɔrɔ | kulɔ | kɔlɔ | kolofu; kɔlɔfu; kɔrɔfu; sibi
breast  | bu | tɔ̃ː | tol; tor | bu | tɔnu | bu | bu | tɔ̃ | to | bu
tree  | habe; hebẽ | hɔmɔlɔ | homu | homol; hɔmɔl | hɔmɔ̃n | hʌbe | home; hɔme | hɔmɔ | hɔmɔ | hɔmãnẽ; home
man  | o; or | ɔs | os | os | os | ɔ | o | ɔľu | ɔlɔga | oso; ouson
woman  | dobas̲ie; sʌbɔ sãi | uliɔ | uliya | uliʌ; uliya | uliʌ | sʌsai | sobo; sɔbɔ | subɔ | sɔbɔ | sobo; sɔbɔ
sun  | aso; ʌsɔ̃ | ɔ̃s | a̧s; ãs | o̧s; õːs | õs | ʌsɔ | ãsã; o̧so̧; ōsō | ɔsugɔ | osigɔ̃ | ãsã; oso̧; ɔ̃sɔ̃
moon  | ʌgwa; oguao | ɔgɔ | aib | ɔgwʌ; ogwa | ogɔ | ʌgwɔ | ogwʌ; ogwa | a | nɔ̃ligɔ | ogwʌ; ogwa
water  | hoi; hwɔ̃e | hɔu | hãu; ho̧u̧ | hãũ; ho̧u̧ | hõ | hwẽi | hũi; hũĩ; hwi̧; hwī | hɔ̃wɔ̃ | hɔ̃wɔ̃ | hõ; ho̧u̧; hũ
fire  | dou; dɔu | dɔlu | dau; dolu | dolu; dɔlu | dɔbu | dou | dou; dɔu; dow | dɔu | dɔu | dolo; dɔlɔ; dɔrɔ
stone  | yaw; yɔu | yɔ | yo | yo | yo | yo | yo; yɔ | yɔ | yo | yo
road, path  |  |  | ori |  |  |  | ai |  |  | ari
name  | hũ; husolo |  | hũ | hu̧ti; hũti | hũni | hũ | hũ; hu̧ti; hũti |  | hũ | hũ; hu̧ti; hũti
eat  | nale; nɔlu | nɔwal | na- | nowal; nɔwal | nɔwalaga | nɔlu | na; naiɔ; naiyo | nelaːbugɔ | nãye | na; na̧la; nãla
one  | dano; sisãfe | helɛ | dob | helehai | hele | tano | tano; tanɔ | hɔmakɔna | dihɔ̃ | helenu; helenũ
two  | balo; sisãma | bena | behino̧w | bẽnabugu; bȩnabugu | bihinɔ̃n | bʌnɔu | beaũ; beya̧u̧ | wɔlugu | hɔma kɔna | bȩnau; bẽnãu

## Evolution[edit]

Supposed East Strickland reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[1]

Samo language:

* (da)subu ‘ashes’ < *sumbu
* si\- ‘burn’ < *nj(a,e,i)-
* na\- ‘eat’ < *na-
* magara ‘mouth’ < *maŋgat[a]
* korofu ‘skin’ < *(ŋg,k)a(n,t)apu
* mere(ma) ‘tongue’ < *me(l,n)e
* mini ‘nose’ < *mundu

Bibo language:

* (da)suf ‘ashes’ < *sumbu

Agala language:

* fulu(ma) ali ‘to fly’ < *pululu-

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4\. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
2. ^ Shaw, Daniel. 1986. The Bosavi language family. In Papers in New Guinea Linguistics 24, 45-76. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. (Papers in New Guinea linguistics No. 24, 45-76).
3. ^ (NewGuineaWorld)
4. ^ McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. doi:10.15144/PL-B16
5. ^ Shaw, R.D. "A Tentative Classification of the Languages of the Mt Bosavi Region". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:187-215. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi:10.15144/PL-C26.187
6. ^ Shaw, R.D. "The Bosavi language family". In Laycock, D., Seiler, W., Bruce, L., Chlenov, M., Shaw, R.D., Holzknecht, S., Scott, G., Nekitel, O., Wurm, S.A., Goldman, L. and Fingleton, J. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 24. A-70:45-76. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986. doi:10.15144/PL-A70.45
7. ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.

*   * Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.

* v
* t
* e

Trans–New Guinea languages

West Trans–New Guinea languages

| Dani|

* Grand Valley Dani
* Hupla
* Nduga
* Nggem
* Silimo
* Walak
* Wano
* Western Dani
* Yali

|

Paniai Lakes|

* Auye
* Dao
* Ekari
* Moni
* Wolani

West Bomberai|

* Baham
* Iha
* Karas

Timor–Alor–Pantar|

| East Timor|

* Fataluku
* Makalero
* Makasae
* Oirata
* Rusenu

|

Alor–Pantar|

* Abui
* Adang
* Blagar
* Kafoa
* Kamang
* Klon
* Kui
* Kula
* Retta
* Sawila
* Wersing
* Kaera
* Nedebang
* Teiwa
* Western Pantar

Others|

* Bunak

Central and South New Guinea languages

| Asmat–Kamoro|

| Asmat|

* Asmat
* Citak

|

Sabakor|

* Buruwai
* Kamberau

Others|

* Kamoro
* Sempan

Greater Awyu|

| Awyu–Dumut|

* Aghu
* Mandobo
* Kombai–Wanggom
* Pisa
* Sawi
* Shiaxa
* Wambon

|

Becking–Dawi|

* Komyandaret
* Korowai
* Tsaukambo

Ok–Oksapmin|

| Western|

* Burumakok
* Kopkaka

|

Lowland|

* Iwur
* Muyu
* Ninggerum
* Yonggom

Mountain|

* Bimin
* Faiwol
* Mian
* Setaman
* Suganga
* Tifal
* Telefol
* Urapmin

Others|

* Nakai
* Ngalum
* Oksapmin
* Tangko

Bayono–Awbono|

* Bayono
* Awbono
* Densar
* Kovojab

Komolom|

* Koneraw
* Mombum

Somahai|

* Momina
* Momuna

Kutubuan languages

| East Kutubuan|

* Foe
* Fiwaga

|

West Kutubuan|

* Fasu
* Some
* Namumi

Chimbu–Wahgi languages

| Jimi|

* Kandawo
* Maring
* Narak

|

Wahgi|

* Nii
* Wahgi

Chimbu|

* Chuave
* Dom
* Golin
* Kuman
* Nomane
* Salt-Yui
* Sinasina

Hagen|

* Kaguel
* Melpa
* Tembagla

Kainantu–Goroka languages

| Goroka|

| Gahuku|

* Alekano
* Dano
* Tokano

|

Kamono–Yagaria|

* Abaga
* Inoke-Yate
* Kamono
* Kanite
* Ke’yagana
* Yagaria

Others|

* Benabena
* Fore
* Gende
* Gimi
* Isabi
* Siane
* Yaweyuha

Kainantu|

| Tairora|

* Binumarien
* Kambaira
* Tairoa
* Waffa

|

Gauwa|

* Agarabi
* Awa
* Awiyaana
* Gadsup
* Kosena
* Ontenu
* Oweina
* Usarufa

Other|

* Kenati

Madang languages

| Croisilles
(Adelbert Range)|

| Dimir-Malas|

* Dimir
* Malas

|

Kaukombar|

* Mala
* Maiani
* Maia

Kowan|

* Korak
* Waskia

Kumil|

* Bepour
* Mauwake
* Moere

Numugen|

* Bilakura
* Parawen
* Ukuriguma
* Usan
* Yaben
* Yarawata

Omosan|

* Kobol
* Pal

Tiboran|

* Kowaki
* Mawak
* Pamosu

other|

* Brem
* Musar
* Wanambre

Kalam|

* Kalam
* Kobon
* Tai

Mabuso|

| Kokan|

* Girawa
* Kein

|

Gum|

* Amele
* Bau
* Gumalu
* Isebe
* Panim
* Sihan

Hanseman|

* Bagupi
* Baimak
* Gal
* Garus
* Kare
* Matepi
* Mawan
* Mosimo
* Murupi
* Nake
* Nobonob
* Rempi
* Rapting
* Samosa
* Saruga
* Silopi
* Utu
* Wagi
* Wamas
* Yoidik

other|

* Munit

Mindjim|

* Anjam
* Bongu
* Male
* Sam

Rai Coast
(South Madang)|

| Awung|

* Jilim
* Rerau
* Yangulam

|

Brahman|

* Biyom
* Tauya

Evapia|

* Kesawai
* Sinsauru
* Sausi

Peka|

* Danaru
* Sop
* Sumau
* Urigina

Nuru|

* Duduela
* Kwato
* Ogea
* Uya

Kabenau|

* Arawum
* Dumpu
* Kolom
* Lemio
* Siroi

other|

* Pulabu

Southern Adelbert|

| Tomul (Josephstaal)|

* Anam
* Anamgura
* Moresada
* Osum
* Wadaginam

|

Sogeram (Wanang)|

* Apali
* Atemble
* Faita
* Magɨyi
* Musak
* Nend
* Mum
* Paynamar
* Sileibi

Yaganon|

* Dumun
* Ganglau
* Saep
* Yabong

(unclear)|

* Amaimon
* Bargam
* Gants
* Wasembo
* Yamben

Finisterre–Huon languages

| Finisterre|

| Erap|

* Finongan
* Gusan
* Mamaa
* Munkip
* Nakama
* Nek
* Nimi
* Nuk
* Numanggang
* Sauk
* Uri

|

Gusap–Mot|

* Iyo
* Madi
* Neko
* Nekgini
* Ngaing
* Rawa
* Ufim

Uruwa|

* Sakam
* Som
* Nukna
* Yau
* Weliki

Wantoat|

* Awara
* Wantoat
* Tuma-Irumu

Warup|

* Asaro'o
* Bulgebi
* Degenan
* Forak
* Guya
* Gwahatike
* Muratayak

Yupna|

* Bonkiman
* Domung
* Ma
* Nankina
* Yopno
* Yout Wam

Huon|

| Eastern|

* Dedua
* Kâte
* Kovai
* Kube
* Mape
* Migabac
* Momare
* Sene
* Tobo

|

Western|

* Burum
* Borong
* Kinalakna
* Komba
* Kumokio
* Mese
* Nabak
* Nomu
* Ono
* Selepet
* Sialum
* Timbe

Southeast Papuan languages

| Koiarian|

* Grass Koiari
* Mountain Koiari
* Koitabu
* Barai
* Namiae
* Ese
* Ömie

|

Kwalean|

* Humene
* Uare
* Mulaha

Manubaran|

* Doromu
* Maria

Yareban|

* Moikodi
* Aneme Wake
* Bariji
* Nawaru
* Yareba

Mailuan|

* Bauwaki
* Domu
* Binahari
* Morawa
* Mailu
* Laua

Dagan|

* Daga
* Mapena
* Maiwa
* Dima
* Ginuman
* Kanasi
* Onjob
* Umanakaina
* Turaka

Anim languages

| Tirio (Lower Fly)|

* Baramu
* Bitur
* Makayam
* Were

|

Boazi (Lake Murray)|

* Boazi
* Zimakani

Marind–Yaqai|

* Bipim
* Marind
* Yaqay

Inland Gulf|

* Ipiko
* Foia Foia
* Hoia Hoia
* Mubami

Other families

| Angan|

* Akoye
* Angaataha
* Ankave
* Hamtai
* Kamasa
* Kawacha
* Menya
* Safeyoka
* Simbari
* Susuami
* Tainae
* Yagwoia
* Yipma

|

Awin–Pa|

* Awin
* Pa

Binanderean|

* Baruga
* Binandere
* Ewage
* Korafe
* Orokaiva
* Suena
* Yekora
* Zia

Bosavi|

* Aimele
* Beami
* Edolo
* Kaluli
* Kasua
* Onobasulu
* Sonia

Duna–Pogaya|

* Duna
* Pogaya

East Strickland|

* Fembe
* Gobasi
* Konai
* Kubo
* Odoodee
* Samo

Engan|

* Angal
* Bisorio
* Enga
* Huli
* Ipili
* Kewa
* Kyaka
* Lembena
* Samberigi

Gogodala–Suki|

* Suki
* Gogodala
* Ari
* Waruna

Goilalan|

* Fuyug
* Tauade
* Biangai
* Kunimaipa
* Weri

Kayagaric|

* Atohwaim (Kaugat)
* Yogo (Tamagario)
* Kayagar (Kaygir)
* Tamagario

Kiwaian|

* Bami
* Kerewo
* Kiwai
* Morigi
* Waboda

Kolopom|

* Kimaama (Kimaghama)
* Riantana
* Ndom

Turama–Kikorian|

* Ikobi
* Omati
* Rumu

isolates|

* Moraori
* Wiru

* v
* t
* e

Papuan language families
(Palmer 2018 classification)

Trans-New Guinea
subgroups|

| central Papua, Indonesia|

* Ok-Oksapmin
* Dani
* Asmat-Kamoro
* Mek
* Paniai Lakes
* West Bomberai
* Somahai

|

southeast Papua, Indonesia|

* Anim
* Greater Awyu
* Kayagaric
* Kolopom
* Marori

southwest Papua New Guinea|

* Gogodala-Suki
* Turama-Kikori
* Kiwaian
* Awin-Pa

central Papua New Guinea|

* Madang
* Finisterre-Huon
* Kainantu-Goroka
* Chimbu-Wahgi
* Enga-Kewa-Huli
* Bosavi
* East Strickland
* Kutubu
* Duna-Bogaya
* Wiru

Papuan Peninsula|

* Angan
* Greater Binanderean
* Dagan
* Mailuan
* Koiarian
* Goilalan
* Yareban
* Kwalean
* Manubaran

Eastern Nusantara
families and isolates|

* Timor-Alor-Pantar
* North Halmahera

* Tambora†

Bird's Head Peninsula
families and isolates|

* South Bird's Head
* Nuclear South Bird's Head
* Inanwatan–Duriankere
* Konda–Yahadian
* East Bird's Head
* Nuclear East Bird's Head
* Hatam–Mansim
* West Bird's Head

* Abun
* Mpur
* Maybrat
* Mor
* Tanah Merah

Northern Western New Guinea
families and isolates|

* Tor-Kwerba
* Lakes Plain
* Border
* Sko
* East Cenderawasih Bay
* Pauwasi
* East
* West
* Nimboran
* Sentani
* Mairasi
* Kaure
* Lepki-Murkim
* Senagi (Angor-Dera)
* Tofanma-Namla
* Yapen

* Abinomn
* Burmeso
* Elseng
* Kapauri
* Kembra
* Keuw
* Kimki
* Massep
* Mawes
* Molof
* Usku
* Yetfa

Central Western New Guinea
families and isolates|

* Bayono-Awbono

* Dem
* Uhunduni

Sepik-Ramu basin
families and isolates|

* Torricelli
* Sepik
* Lower Sepik-Ramu
* Lower Sepik
* Ramu
* Kwomtari
* Leonhard Schultze (Walio-Papi)
* Upper Yuat (Arafundi-Piawi)
* Yuat
* Left May
* Amto-Musan

* Busa
* Tayap
* Yadë

| Torricelli subgroups|

* Marienberg
* Arapesh
* Urim
* Maimai
* Wapei
* Palei
* One (West Wapei)
* Monumbo?

|

Sepik subgroups|

* Middle Sepik
* Ndu
* Nukuma
* Yellow River
* Yerakai
* Upper Sepik
* Wogamus
* Iwam
* Abau
* Sepik Hill
* Tama
* Ram
* Amal

Ramu subgroups|

* Lower Ramu
* Ottilien
* Misegian
* Middle Ramu
* Grass?
* Tamolan
* Ataitan (Tanggu)

Gulf of Papua and southern New Guinea
families and isolates|

* Yam
* Pahoturi River
* Eleman
* Oriomo
* Teberan
* Doso-Turumsa
* Komolom
* Yelmek-Maklew

* Dibiyaso
* Kaki Ae
* Kamula
* Karami
* Pawaia
* Porome
* Purari
* Tabo

Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands
families and isolates|

* Baining
* North Bougainville
* South Bougainville
* Central Solomons
* Butam-Taulil

* Anêm
* Ata
* Kol
* Kuot
* Makolkol
* Sulka

Rossel Island
isolate|

* Yélî Dnye

Proposed groupings|

* West Papuan
* Northwest Papuan
* South Pauwasi
* East Papuan
* Southeast Papuan
* Papuan Gulf
* Binanderean–Goilalan
* Arai–Samaia
* Asmat–Mombum
* Trans-Fly–Bulaka River
* Trans-Fly
* Dani–Kwerba
* East Bird's Head – Sentani
* Kwomtari–Fas
* Left May – Kwomtari
* Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran
* West Trans–New Guinea
* West Papuan Highlands
* Central and South New Guinea
* Central West New Guinea
* East New Guinea Highlands
* Yele – West New Britain
* Sepik–Ramu
* Indo-Pacific

Proto-language|

* Proto-Trans–New Guinea

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Papua New Guinea

Official languages|

* English
* Hiri Motu
* Tok Pisin
* Papua New Guinean Sign Language

Major Indigenous
languages|

* Adzera
* Amanab
* Awad Bing
* Barok
* Bimin
* Bola
* Bugawac
* Dedua
* Dobu
* Iatmul
* Kâte
* Kobon
* Kovai
* Kuanua
* Kuman
* Kuot
* Kurti
* Lihir
* Mandara
* Mangseng
* Mbula
* Mende
* Mussau-Emira
* Mutu
* Nekgini
* Ngaing
* Niwer Mil
* Nobonob
* Numanggang
* Nyindrou
* Pele-Ata
* Petats
* Ramoaaina
* Seimat
* Solong
* Somba-Siawari
* Suau
* Sulka
* Tangga
* Tobo
* Uneapa
* Ura
* Vitu
* Waris

Other Papuan
languages|

| Angan|

* Akoye
* Angaataha
* Ankave
* Hamtai
* Kamasa
* Kawacha
* Menya
* Safeyoka
* Simbari
* Susuami
* Tainae
* Yagwoia
* Yipma

|

Awin–Pa|

* Awin
* Pa

Binanderean|

* Baruga
* Binandere
* Ewage
* Korafe
* Orokaiva
* Suena
* Yekora
* Zia

Bosavi|

* Aimele
* Beami
* Edolo
* Kaluli
* Kasua
* Onobasulu
* Sonia

Chimbu–Wahgi|

* Chuave
* Dom
* Golin
* Kandawo
* Kaugel
* Kuman
* Maring
* Melpa
* Narak
* Nii
* Nomane
* Salt-Yui
* Sinasina
* Tembagla
* Wahgi

New Ireland|

* Bilur
* Fanamaket
* Kandas
* Konomala
* Kuanua
* Label
* Niwer Mil
* Patpatar
* Ramoaaina
* Siar
* Sursurunga
* Warwar Feni

Duna–Pogaya|

* Duna
* Pogaya

East Kutubuan|

* Fasu
* Fiwaga
* Foi

East Strickland|

* Fembe
* Gobasi
* Konai
* Kubo
* Odoodee
* Samo

Engan|

* Angal
* Bisorio
* Enga
* Huli
* Ipili
* Kewa
* Kyaka
* Lembena
* Samberigi

Eleman|

* Kaki Ae
* Keoru
* Opao
* Orokolo
* Toaripi
* Tairuma

Ok–Oksapmin|

* Bimin
* Faiwol
* Mian
* Ngalum
* Ninggerum
* Oksapmin
* Setaman
* Suganga
* Telefol
* Tifal
* Urap
* Yonggom

Teberan|

* Dadibi
* Folopa

Tirio|

* Abom
* Baramu
* Bitur
* Tirio
* Were

Turama–Kikorian|

* Ikobi
* Omati
* Rumu

Larger families|

* Finisterre–Huon
* Kainantu–Goroka
* Madang
* Ramu–Lower Sepik
* Sepik
* Southeast Papuan
* Torricelli

Sign languages|

* Enga
* Kailge
* Mehek
* Mount Avejaha
* Rossel Island
* Sinasina
* Wanib

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