Eastern Daly languages

Eastern Daly

Geographic
distribution| Daly River region, northern Australia
Linguistic classification| Macro-Gunwinyguan ?

* Eastern Daly

Subdivisions|

* Matngele †
* Kamu †

Glottolog| east2374

The Daly languages (color), among the other non-Pama-Nyungan languages (grey)

Eastern Daly

The Eastern Daly languages are an extinct family of Australian aboriginal languages that are fairly closely related, at 50% cognate. They were:

* Matngele
* Kamu

These languages had elements of verbal structure that suggest they may be related to the Macro-Gunwinyguan languages. All are now extinct.[1]

## Vocabulary[edit]

The following basic vocabulary items are from Tryon (1968).[2]

no. | gloss | Kamor | Matngala

|
|
|

1 | head | puǰæ | puǰa
2 | hair | puǰæmaR | pučæmænæŋ
3 | eyes | miyam | dun
4 | nose | činin | činin
5 | ear | piyawuR | peyawuR
6 | tooth | ŋat | ŋat
7 | tongue | ŋaltïretïre | ŋænæR
8 | shoulder | tæwæR | tæwæR
9 | elbow | dændar | dandar
10 | hand | mæmæk | mæmæk
11 | breasts | kuyuŋ | mœRmœR
12 | back | dætœm | dætœm
13 | belly | mæn | pak
14 | navel | čœdur | čœdœR
15 | heart | mændulma | mændulma
16 | urine | wure | wœre
17 | excrete | kœn | kœn
18 | thigh | čære | čære
19 | leg | kærær | kaR
20 | knee | pœŋgaR | pœŋgar
21 | foot | mær | mær
22 | skin | baR | karala
23 | fat | mœdl | mœdl
24 | blood | čœrŋuɲ | čœruŋœɲ
25 | bone | pæč | pæč
26 | man | čiǰe | čije
27 | woman | pamgun | kuwarak
28 | father | baŋɔ | baŋgač
29 | mother | kilaɲŋɔ | kidlaŋ
30 | grandmother | kalaɲŋɔ | kawoy
31 | policeman | čayač | čaǰiɲ
32 | spear | kanbe | kanbe
33 | woomera | lagač | lagaɲ
34 | boomerang | čïmbičïmbič | čïmbičïmbič
35 | nullanulla | magulbɔ | yimnalanala
36 | hair-belt | maR | muŋuR
37 | canoe | wænæ | wænæ
38 | axe | mæŋ | mæŋ
39 | dilly bag | kalan | kaRaR
40 | fire | yim | yim
41 | smoke | wæn | wuŋgɔR
42 | water | wuk | wuk
43 | cloud | wœŋ | pær
44 | rainbow | pululɔy | pulɔypulɔy
45 | barramundi | kœyl | kœly
46 | sea | wuk kučuwoy | kærætïl
47 | river | wukpædæR | pædæR
48 | stone | pawar | pawaR
49 | ground | yurɔ | yurɔ
50 | track | čal | mær
51 | dust | puruŋ | puruŋ
52 | sun | mœRœR | mœrœr
53 | moon | nœdœn | nudun
54 | star | naŋɔ | milan
55 | night | ŋoykdiɲ | ŋœyč
56 | tomorrow | pukunuŋ | neganuŋ
57 | today | neyœnuŋ | kamɔ
58 | big | æluŋɔ | kunuwaraŋ
59 | possum | bɔ | bɔ
60 | dog | čamar | čamaR
61 | tail | čirin | čiriɲ
62 | meat | piɲæk | piɲa
63 | snake | piɲam | ŋuɲbœr
64 | red kangaroo | čayïR | čayɛR
65 | porcupine | mïdlk | mænɛŋɛč
66 | emu | nœwœt | nœwœt
67 | crow | waŋgaR | waŋgaR
68 | goanna | araɲ | aRaɲ
69 | blue tongue lizard | pïRir | pïRïR
70 | mosquito | wuræŋ | wœraŋ
71 | sugar-bag | wamæR | wæmæR
72 | camp | dak | dak
73 | black | wakpara | wakwaRa
74 | white | puŋma | tamaRma
75 | red | pirpma | piRpma
76 | one | næmbayɔ | næmbeyɔ
77 | two | palpmurɔ | kurinǰeyɔ
78 | when? | anaɲmiye | aneɲïmbediɲ
79 | what? | anǰanuŋ | anǰa
80 | who? | nuwun | nuŋuɲ
81 | I | ŋurɔnuŋ | ŋurɔ
82 | you | nuŋgɔrnuŋ | waŋare
83 | he | kuna | kuna
84 | grass | wæn | wæn
85 | vegetable food | mæye | miye
86 | tree | yim | yim
87 | leaf | wurœr | dæmbæl
88 | pandanus | čaŋača | čaŋača
89 | ironwood | pawič | pawit
90 | ripe | damgane | pirpma
91 | good | kunburiɲ | kunburič
92 | bad | kuwaruk | kuwarɔ
93 | blind | wuɲ | wuɲ
94 | deaf | ɲaba | ɲaba
95 | saliva | tak | tak

## See also[edit]

* Daly languages

## References[edit]

1. ^ Evans, 2003, The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia
2. ^ Tryon, Darrell T. "The Daly River Languages: A Survey". In Aguas, E.F. and Tryon, D. editors, Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 3. A-14:21-49. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968. doi:10.15144/PL-A14.21

* Tryon, D. T. (1968). "The Daly River languages: a survey". Papers in Australian Linguistics. 3: 21–36.
* Tryon, D. T. (1974). Daly family languages, Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

* v
* t
* e

Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages

Pama–Nyungan
subgroups|

| Southeastern|

| Victorian P–N|

* Lower Murray
* Yotayotic
* Gippsland
* Kulin
* Bungandidj

|

New South Wales P–N|

* Yuin–Kuric
* Dhanggati ?
* Anewan (Nganyaywana) ?
* Central New South Wales
* Wiradhuric
* Barranbinja
* Muruwari

North Coast|

* Durubalic
* Bandjalangic
* Gumbaynggiric
* Waka–Kabic

Northern|

* Western Torres Strait
* Kalaw Lagaw Ya

Paman|

* Northern Paman
* Uradhi
* Wik
* Middle Paman
* Umpilaic
* Umbindhamuic
* Lamalamic
* Umbuygamu
* Mbarrumbathama
* Southwest Paman
* Kuuk Thayorre
* Southern Paman
* Mbabaram
* Flinders Island

Maric|

* Northern
* Warrongo
* Eastern
* Biri
* Southern
* Bidyara–Gungabula
* Margany–Gunya
* Bindal ?
* Guwa–Yanda ?
* Guwa
* Yanda
* Kingkel ?
* Dharumbal ?
* Bayali ?
* Lower Burdekin ?

Dyirbalic|

* Dyirbal
* Warrgamay
* Nyawaygi
* Lower Burdekin ?

Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic|

* Guugu Yimidihirr
* Kuku Yalanji
* Yidiny

Gulf|

* Kalkatungic
* Kalkatungu
* Yalarnnga
* Mayi

Central|

| Arandic–Thura–Yura|

* Arandic
* Arrernte
* Kaytetye
* Thura–Yura
* Wirangu
* Kaurna
* Adnyamathanha

|

Karnic|

* Northern (Palku)
* Pitta-Pitta
* Western
* Arabana–Wangkangurru
* Central
* Diyari
* Yandruwandha
* Eastern
* Wilson River (Wangkumara)
* Bulloo River (Galali) ?

* Yarli
* Paakantyi

Western|

| Yolŋu|

* Dhaŋu–Djaŋu
* Ritharrŋu
* Nhaŋu
* Dhuwal–Dhuwala
* Djambarrpuyŋu
* Gupapuyŋu
* Djinaŋ
* Djinba
* Ganhalpuyŋu

|

Ngarna/Warluwarric|

* Yanyuwa
* Southern
* Ngarru
* Thawa

Desert Nyungic|

* Marrngu
* Ngumpin–Yapa
* Ngumpin
* Yapa
* Warumungu ?
* Wati

South-West P–N|

* Pilbara
* Ngayarda
* Kanyara–Mantharta
* Kartu–Nhanda
* Yinggarda ?
* Mirning
* Nyunga

Others|

* Proto-Pama–Nyungan

Tangkic|

* Lardil (register: Damin)
* Kayardild
* Yukulta (Ganggalida, Nyangga)
* Mingginda (Minkin)

Garrwan|

* Garawa (Garrwa, north)
* Waanyi (Wanji, south)
* Gunindiri (Kurnindirri, southwest)

Macro-Gunwinyguan ?|

| Maningrida|

* Burarra
* Gurr-goni
* Ndjébbana
* Nakkara

|

Marran|

* Marra
* Warndarang
* Yugul ?
* Alawa ?
* Mangarrayi ?

Gunwinyguan proper|

| Western|

* Jawoyn (Djauan)
* Waray
* Uwinymil

|

Central|

* Bininj Kunwok (Kunwinjku, Gunwinggu)
* Kunbarlang
* Dalabon (Ngalkbun)

Eastern|

* Rembarrnga
* Ngalakgan
* Ngandi
* Nunggubuyu (Wubuy)
* Anindilyakwa (Enindhilyagwa)

Yangmanic–Wagiman?|

* Wardaman
* Wagiman

other isolates|

* Kungarakany (Koongurrukuñ) ?
* Gaagudju

Iwaidjan|

| Central (Warrkbi)|

* Iwaidja
* Garig–Ilgar
* Garig
* Ilgar

|

Eastern (Goulburn Island)|

* Maung
* Manangkari

Southern|

* Amurdag

Marrku–Wurrugu ?|

* Wurrugu
* Marrgu

Darwin Region ?|

* Gulumoerrgin (Larrakia)

Limilngan–Wulna?|

* Limilngan
* Wulna

Umbugarlic|

* Umbugarla
* Ngurmbur
* Bugurnidja

Daly River Sprachbund|

| Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)|

* Batjamalh (Wadjiginy)
* Pungu Pungu (Kandjerramalh)

|

Northern Daly|

* Malak-Malak (Nguluk Wanggar)
* Tyerraty

Western Daly|

* Marri Ngarr
* Merranunggu
* Marrithiyel
* Marramaninjsji

Eastern Daly|

* Matngele (Werret/Dakayu)
* Kamu

Southern Daly|

* Murrinh-patha
* Ngan’gityemerri

Mirndi|

* Jingulu

| Yirram|

* Nungali
* Jaminjung

|

Ngurlun|

* Ngarnka
* Wambaya

Jarrakan|

* Kija
* Miriwoong
* Gajirrawoong

Bunuban|

* Bunuba
* Gooniyandi

Worrorran|

* Wunambal (Northern)
* Ngarinyin (Eastern)
* Worrorra (Western)

Nyulnyulan|

| Western (Nyulnyulic)|

* Nyulnyul
* Bardi
* Jawi
* Djabirr-Djabirr
* Nimanburru

|

Eastern (Dyukun)|

* Yawuru
* Dyugun
* Warrwa
* Nyigina
* Ngumbarl

isolates|

* Giimbiyu
* Tiwi

Tasmanian
family-level groups|

| Western|

* Northwestern Tasmanian (Peerapper)
* Southwestern Tasmanian (Toogee) ?

|

Northern|

* Northern Tasmanian (Tommeginne)
* Port Sorell

Northeastern|

* Pyemmairre (Northeastern)
* Tyerrernotepanner (North Midland)
* Lhotsky/Blackhouse
* Norman

Eastern|

* Oyster Bay
* Little Swanport
* Southeast Tasmanian
* Bruny Island

* v
* t
* e

Primary language families

Africa|

* Afroasiatic
* Austronesian
* Khoe–Kwadi
* Kx'ae
* Niger–Congo
* Nilo-Saharan?
* Tuu
* Mande?
* Songhay?
* Ijaw?
* Ubangian?
* Kadu?

Isolates|

* Bangime
* Hadza
* Jalaa
* Sandawe
* Laal?
* Shabo?

Eurasia
(Europe
and Asia)|

* Afroasiatic
* Ainu
* Altaic?
* Austroasiatic
* Austronesian
* Chukotko-Kamchatkan
* Dravidian
* Eskaleut
* Great Andamanese
* Hmong–Mien
* Hurro-Urartian
* Indo-European
* Japonic
* Kartvelian
* Koreanic
* Kra–Dai
* Mongolic
* Nivkh
* North Caucasian?
* Northeast Caucasian
* Northwest Caucasian
* Ongan
* Sino-Tibetan
* Tungusic
* Turkic
* Tyrsenian
* Uralic
* Yeniseian
* Yukaghir
* Digaro?
* Hrusish?
* Kho-Bwa?
* Mijiic?
* Miju?
* Siangic?

Isolates|

* Basque
* Burushaski
* Elamite
* Hattic
* Kenaboi?
* Kusunda
* Minoan?
* Nihali
* Shompen?
* Sumerian
* Tambora?

New Guinea
and the Pacific|

* Arai–Samaia
* Austronesian
* Binanderean–Goilalan
* Border
* Bulaka River
* Central Solomons
* Chimbu–Wahgi
* Demta–Sentani
* Doso–Turumsa
* East Geelvink Bay
* East New Britain
* East Strickland
* Eleman
* Engan
* Fas
* Foja Range
* Kaure–Kosare
* Kiwaian
* Kutubuan
* Lakes Plain
* Lower Mamberamo
* Lower Sepik
* Madang
* Mairasi
* North Bougainville
* Pauwasi
* Ramu
* Senagi
* Senu River
* Sepik
* Skou
* South Bougainville
* Teberan
* Torricelli
* Trans-Fly
* Trans–New Guinea
* Turama–Kikorian
* Upper Yuat
* West Papuan
* Yam
* Yawa
* Yuat
* Northwest Papuan?
* Papuan Gulf?

Isolates|

* Abinomn
* Abun
* Anêm?
* Ata?
* Kol
* Kuot
* Maybrat
* Mpur
* Pawaia
* Porome
* Sulka?
* Taiap?
* Tambora?
* Wiru

Australia|

* Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan?
* Bunuban
* Darwin Region?
* Eastern Daly
* Eastern Tasmanian
* Garawan
* Iwaidjan
* Jarrakan
* Marrku–Wurrugu?
* Mirndi
* Northern Tasmanian
* Northeastern Tasmanian
* Nyulnyulan
* Pama–Nyungan
* Southern Daly?
* Tangkic
* Wagaydyic
* Western Daly
* Western Tasmanian
* Worrorran
* Yangmanic (incl. Wagiman)?

Isolates|

* Giimbiyu
* Malak-Malak (Northern Daly?)
* Tiwi

North
America|

* Algic
* Alsea
* Caddoan
* Chimakuan
* Chinookan
* Chumashan
* Comecrudan
* Coosan
* Eskaleut
* Iroquoian
* Kalapuyan
* Keres
* Maiduan
* Muskogean
* Na-Dene
* Palaihnihan
* Plateau Penutian
* Pomoan
* Salishan
* Shastan
* Siouan
* Tanoan
* Tsimshianic
* Utian
* Uto-Aztecan
* Wakashan
* Wintuan
* Yukian
* Yuman–Cochimí

Isolates|

* Chimariko
* Esselen
* Haida
* Karuk
* Kutenai
* Seri
* Siuslaw
* Takelma
* Timucua
* Tonkawa
* Waikuri
* Washo
* Yana
* Yokuts
* Yuchi
* Zuni

Mesoamerica|

* Chibchan
* Jicaquean
* Lencan
* Mayan
* Misumalpan
* Mixe–Zoque
* Oto-Manguean
* Tequistlatecan
* Totonacan
* Uto-Aztecan
* Xincan

Isolates|

* Cuitlatec
* Huave
* Tarascan/Purépecha

South
America|

* Andoque–Urequena
* Arauan
* Araucanian
* Arawakan
* Arutani–Sape
* Aymaran
* Barbacoan
* Boran
* Cahuapanan
* Cariban
* Catacaoan
* Chapacuran
* Charruan
* Chibchan
* Choco
* Chonan
* Guaicuruan
* Guajiboan
* Harákmbut–Katukinan
* Jirajaran
* Jivaroan
* Katembri–Taruma
* Mascoian
* Matacoan
* Nadahup
* Nambikwaran
* Otomákoan
* Pano-Tacanan
* Peba–Yaguan
* Quechuan
* Piaroa–Saliban
* Ticuna–Yuri
* Timotean
* Tiniguan
* Tucanoan
* Tupian
* Uru–Chipaya
* Witotoan
* Yanomaman
* Zamucoan
* Zaparoan
* Bora–Witoto languages?
* Chimuan?
* Esmeralda–Yaruro?
* Hibito–Cholón?
* Lule–Vilela?
* Macro-Jê?
* Tequiraca–Canichana?

Isolates
(extant in 2000)|

* Aikanã?
* Alacalufan
* Camsá
* Candoshi
* Chimane
* Chiquitano
* Cofán?
* Fulniô
* Guató
* Hodï/Joti
* Irantxe?
* Itonama
* Kunza
* Leco
* Maku (Maku-Auari/Jukude)
* Movima
* Mura-Pirahã
* Nukak?
* Páez
* Puinave
* Huaorani/Waorani
* Trumai
* Urarina
* Warao
* Yamana
* Yuracaré

Sign
languages|

* Arab
* BANZSL
* Chinese
* Francosign
* Germanosign
* Indo-Pakistani
* Japanese
* Original Thai
* Swedish
* Tanzanian?

Isolates|

* See list of sign languages

See also|

* Constructed languages
* Creoles
* Language isolates
* Mixed languages
* Pidgins
* Unclassified languages

* Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
* Families in italics have no living members.
* Families with more than 30 languages are in bold.

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