Eastern Orthodoxy in Serbia

Most Practiced faith in Serbia

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Eastern Orthodox Church

Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia

Overview

* Structure
* Theology (History of theology)
* Liturgy
* Church history
* Holy Mysteries
* View of Salvation
* View of Mary
* View of icons

Background

* Crucifixion / Resurrection / Ascension
of Jesus

* Christianity
* Christian Church
* Apostolic succession
* Four Marks of the Church
* Orthodoxy

Organization

* Autonomy
* Autocephaly
* Patriarchate
* Ecumenical Patriarch
* Episcopal polity
* Canon law
* Clergy
* Bishops
* Priests
* Deacons
* Monasticism
* Degrees
* Bratstvo

Autocephalous jurisdictions

Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

* Constantinople
* Alexandria
* Antioch
* Jerusalem
* Russia
* Serbia
* Romania
* Bulgaria
* Georgia
* Cyprus
* Greece
* Poland
* Albania
* Czech Lands and Slovakia

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure:

* America
* North Macedonia

Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

* Ukraine (OCU)

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:

* Ukraine (UOC)

Autonomous jurisdictions

* Sinai (JP)
* Finland (EP)
* Estonia (EP)
* Japan (MP)
* China (MP)
* Americas (RP)
* Bessarabia (RP)
* Moldova (MP)

Semi-Autonomous:

* Crete (EP)
* Estonia (MP)
* ROCOR (MP)

Episcopal assemblies

* Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
* Austria
* Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
* Canada
* France
* Germany
* Great Britain and Ireland
* Italy and Malta
* Latin America
* Scandinavia
* Spain and Portugal
* Switzerland and Liechtenstein
* United States of America

Noncanonical jurisdictions

* Old Believers
* Spiritual Christianity
* True Orthodoxy
* Catacomb Church
* Old Calendarists
* American Orthodox Catholic Church
* American World Patriarchs

* National churches:

*     * Abkhazia
* Belarus
* Italy
* Latvia
* Montenegro
* Turkey
* UOC–KP

* Evangelical Orthodox

Ecumenical councils

* First Seven Ecumenical Councils:

* Nicaea I
* Constantinople I
* Ephesus
* Chalcedon
* Constantinople II
* Constantinople III
* Nicaea II

* Other possible ecumenical councils:

* Constantinople IV
* Constantinople V

* Other important councils:

* Quinisext Council
* Jassy
* Moscow
* Jerusalem
* Constantinople (1872)

History

* Church Fathers
* Pentarchy
* Byzantine Empire
* Christianization of Georgia
* Christianization of Bulgaria
* Christianization of Kievan Rus'
* Great Schism
* Russia
* Ottoman Empire
* North America
* Moscow–Constantinople schism
* 15th–16th c.
* 1996
* 2018

Theology

* History of Eastern Orthodox theology
* (20th century (Neo-Palamism))

* Apophaticism
* Chrismation
* Contemplative prayer
* Essence vs. Energies
* Hesychasm
* Holy Trinity
* Hypostatic union
* Icons
* Metousiosis
* Mystical theology
* Nicene Creed
* Nepsis
* Oikonomia vs Akribeia
* Ousia
* Palamism
* Philokalia
* Phronema
* Sin
* Theosis
* Theotokos

* Differences from the Catholic Church
* Opposition to the Filioque
* Opposition to papal supremacy

Liturgy and worship

* Divine Liturgy
* Divine Services

* Akathist
* Apolytikion
* Artos
* Ectenia
* Euchologion
* Holy Water
* Iconostasis
* Jesus Prayer
* Aprakos
* Kontakion
* Liturgical entrances
* Liturgical fans
* Lity
* Memorial service
* Memory Eternal
* Omophorion
* Eastern Orthodox bowing
* Eastern Orthodox marriage
* Praxis
* Paraklesis
* Paschal greeting
* Paschal Homily
* Paschal troparion
* Prayer rope
* Prosphora
* Russian bell ringing
* Semantron
* Sign of the cross
* Sticheron
* Troparion
* Vestments
* Use of incense

Liturgical calendar

* Paschal cycle
* 12 Great Feasts
* Other feasts:

* Feast of Orthodoxy
* Intercession of the Theotokos

* The four fasting periods:

* Nativity Fast
* Great Lent
* Apostles' Fast
* Dormition Fast

Major figures

Saints (Russian (until 15th century), Russian (post-15th century), Serbian, American)

* Justin Martyr
* Athanasius of Alexandria
* Ephraim the Syrian
* Basil of Caesarea
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Gregory of Nyssa
* John Chrysostom
* Cyril of Alexandria
* John Climacus
* Maximus the Confessor
* John of Damascus
* Theodore the Studite
* Kassia
* Cyril and Methodius
* Photius I of Constantinople
* Vladimir the Great
* Sava I of Serbia
* Gregory Palamas
* Innocent of Alaska

Other topics

* Architecture
* Folk
* Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
* Cross
* Saint titles
* Statistics by country

* v
* t
* e

Part of a series on

Christianity

* Jesus
* Christ

* Nativity
* Baptism
* Ministry
* Crucifixion
* Resurrection
* Ascension

* Bible
* Foundations

* Old Testament
* New Testament
* Gospel
* Canon
* Church
* Creed
* New Covenant

Theology

* God
* Trinity
* Father
* Son
* Holy Spirit
* Apologetics
* Baptism
* Christology
* History of theology
* Mission
* Salvation
* Universalism

* History
* Tradition

* Apostles
* Peter
* Paul
* Mary
* Early Christianity
* Church Fathers
* Constantine
* Councils
* Augustine
* Ignatius
* East–West Schism
* Crusades
* Aquinas
* Reformation
* Luther

* Denominations
* (full list)

|  Nicene

* Catholic
* Latin
* Eastern
* Old Catholic
* Palmarian Catholic
* Independent Catholic
* Sedevacantism
* Eastern Orthodox
* Oriental Orthodox
* Church of the East
* Protestant
* Adventist
* Anabaptist
* Anglican
* Baptist
* Free Evangelical
* Lutheran
* Methodist
* Moravian [Hussite]
* Pentecostal
* Plymouth Brethren
* Quaker
* Reformed
* United Protestant
* Waldensian
* Nondenominational Christianity

Restorationist

* Christadelphians
* Iglesia ni Cristo
* Irvingians
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* Latter Day Saints
* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
* Members Church of God International
* The New Church (Swedenborgian)
* Unitarians and Universalists

Related topics

* Civilization
* Criticism
* Culture
* Ecumenism
* Glossary
* Index
* Liturgy
* Other religions
* Prayer
* Sermon
* Symbolism
* Worship

* Glossary
* Index
* Outline

*  Christianity portal

* v
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* e

Part of a series on

Serbs

Native

* Serbia

*     * Vojvodina

* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Montenegro
* Croatia
* Kosovo
* North Macedonia
* Romania
* Hungary
* Albania
* Bulgaria
* Slovenia

Diaspora

Europe

* Austria
* Belarus
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Italy
* Luxembourg
* Norway
* Portugal
* Russia
* Slovakia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

Overseas

* Argentina
* Australia
* Canada
* New Zealand
* South Africa
* United States
* Venezuela

Culture

* Symbols

* Religion
* Slava
* Christmas traditions

* Cultural Heritage sites
* Architecture

* Art
* Literature
* Epic poetry

* Music
* Cinema

* Costume
* Dances
* Cuisine
* Kinship

* Sport

History

* Name
* Origins
* History of Serbs
* History of Serbia
* Serbian rulers

Language

* Serbian

* Shtokavian
* Torlakian

* Šumadija–Vojvodina
* Eastern Herzegovinian
* Prizren-Timok
* Smederevo–Vršac
* Zeta–Raška

* Church Slavonic
* Old
* Slavonic-Serbian
* Serbo-Croatian
* South Slavic

Religion

* Serbian Orthodox
* Catholic Church
* Islamic Community

Related nations

* South Slavs

* Bosniaks

* Croats

* Macedonians

* Montenegrins

* v
* t
* e

Eastern Orthodoxy is the primary Christian denomination in Serbia, representing 81% of the population as of 2022,[1] followed traditionally by the majority of Serbs, and also Romanians and Vlachs, Montenegrins, Macedonians and Bulgarians living in Serbia. The dominant Eastern Orthodox church in Serbia is the Serbian Orthodox Church. Also, the Romanian Orthodox Church has its own Diocese of Dacia Felix that operates among Orthodox Romanians in Serbian Banat and the Timok Valley.

## History

[edit]

### Late Antiquity and early Middle Ages

[edit]

Main articles: Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima and Archbishopric of Ohrid

During Late Antiquity, on the territory of present-day Serbia there were several major Christian centers and episcopal sees, including Sirmium, Singidunum, Viminacium, Naissus, Ulpiana and others. In 535, Byzantine emperor Justinian I created new Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima, centered in the city of Justiniana Prima near present-day town of Lebane in central Serbia.

### Middle Ages and early Modern Period

[edit]

Main articles: History of the Serbian Orthodox Church and Serbia in the Middle Ages

The identity of ethnic Serbs was historically based on Orthodox Christianity; the Serbian Orthodox Church, to the extent that some people claimed that those who were not Orthodox, were not Serbs. The Christianization of the Serbian lands took place in the 9th century, and Serbia (the Serbian Principality) is accounted Christian as of 870.[2] The Serbian bishoprics became part of the Archbishopric of Ohrid, after the Byzantine conquest of the Bulgarian Empire in 1018. The Slavic language replaced the Greek in liturgical language.[3]

With the Great Schism in 1054 (precipitated by Humbert of Silva Candida and his colleagues who entered the church of the Hagia Sophia during Michael I Cerularius's divine liturgy and placed the Charter on the altar.[4]), Serbia remained under Constantinople, while neighbouring Croatia remained under Rome. The Serbian Orthodox Church was given autocephaly in 1219, when Archbishop Sava received recognition from the exiled Ecumenical Patriarch. In 1346, it was raised to the rank of Patriarchate. During the late Middle Ages and Early Modern period, Serbian Patriarchate of Peć (1346-1766) had at its peak more than forty eparchies.

### Serbian Orthodox Church in Serbia

[edit]

Fifteen eparchies (dioceses) of the Serbian Orthodox Church cover the territory of Serbia:

* Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci, patriarchal eparchy
* Eparchy of Bačka, with seat in Novi Sad
* Eparchy of Banat, with seat in Vršac
* Eparchy of Braničevo, with seat in Požarevac
* Eparchy of Kruševac, with seat in Kruševac
* Eparchy of Mileševa, with seat in Prijepolje (partially covers southwestern region of Serbia and northwestern region of Montenegro)
* Eparchy of Niš, with seat in Niš
* Eparchy of Raška and Prizren, with seat in Prizren
* Eparchy of Šabac, with seat in Šabac
* Eparchy of Srem, with seat in Sremski Karlovci
* Eparchy of Šumadija, with seat in Kragujevac
* Eparchy of Timok, with seat in Zaječar
* Eparchy of Valjevo, with seat in Valjevo
* Eparchy of Vranje, with seat in Vranje
* Eparchy of Žiča, with seat in Kraljevo

## Gallery

[edit]

* Eparchies of the Serbian Orthodox Church, in its primatial canonical territory, including Serbia

* Remains of the city Justiniana Prima, seat of the Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima, near modern city of Lebane in Serbia

* Church of Saints Peter and Paul, the oldest known medieval church building of Serbia

* Studenica Monastery, established in the 12th century

* Jurisdiction of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć in 16th and 17th century

* Church of Saint Sava, one of the largest Orthodox church buildings

## See also

[edit]

* Christianity in Serbia
* Religion in Serbia
* Demographics of Serbia
* Serbian Orthodox Church
* Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Mother tongue, religion and ethnic affiliation | ABOUT CENSUS". popis2022.stat.gov.rs. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
2. ^ Vlasto 1970, p. 208
3. ^ Ćorović, Drugi Period, IV. Pokrštavanje Južnih Slovena
4. ^ Charanis 1969, p. 210.

## Sources

[edit]

* Vlasto, A. P. (1970). The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521074599.
* Ćorović, Vladimir (1941). "Iсторија српског народа (Istorija srpskog naroda)". Internet, 2001) (in Serbian). Пројекат Растко: Библиотека српске културе; Projekat Rastko: Biblioteka srpske kulture.
* Charanis, Peter (1969) [1955]. "The Byzantine Empire in the Eleventh Century". A History of the Crusades. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 177–219\. ISBN 978-0-299-04834-1.
* Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

Autocephalous and autonomous churches of Eastern Orthodoxy

Autocephalous churches|

| Four ancient patriarchates|

* Constantinople
* Bartholomew I
* Alexandria
* Theodore II
* Antioch
* John X
* Jerusalem
* Theophilos III

|

Junior patriarchates|

* Russia[a]
* Kirill
* Serbia
* Porfirije
* Bulgaria
* Daniil
* Romania
* Daniel
* Georgia
* Ilia II

Autocephalous
archdioceses/metropolises|

* Cyprus
* George
* Greece
* Ieronymos II
* Albania
* John
* Poland
* Sawa
* Czech Lands and Slovakia
* Rastislav
* America[b]
* Tikhon
* Ukraine[b]
* Epiphanius
* Ohrid[b]
* Stefan

Autonomous churches|

Sinai (Jerusalem Patriarchate)
Finland (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
Estonian AOC (Ecumenical Patriarchate)[b]
Estonian COC (Moscow Patriarchate)[b]
Japan (Moscow Patriarchate)[b]
China (Moscow Patriarchate)[b]
Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate)[c]
Americas (Romanian Patriarchate)
Bessarabia (Romanian Patriarchate)[b]
Moldova (Moscow Patriarchate)[b]

Semi-autonomous churches
Crete (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (Moscow Patriarchate)[d]
North America (Antiochian Patriarchate)

Diaspora
Assemblies|

Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
Austria
Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
Canada
France
Germany
Great Britain and Ireland
Italy and Malta
Latin America
Scandinavia
Spain and Portugal
Switzerland and Liechtenstein
United States of America

History|

Apostles in the New Testament
First seven ecumenical councils
Church Fathers
Great Church
State church of the Roman Empire
East–West Schism
Raskol

Old Believers
Catacomb Church
Old Calendarists
Moscow–Constantinople schisms

15th–16th c.
1996
2018

Liturgy|

Byzantine Rite

Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom
Liturgy of Saint Basil
Liturgy of Saint James
Liturgy of Saint Mark
Western Rite

Other|

* Unrecognized Eastern Orthodox churches
* Eastern Orthodoxy by country
* Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church

Christianity portal

1. ^ The ROC severed full communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2018, and later severed full communion with the primates of the Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and the Church of Cyprus in 2020.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.
3. ^ UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022.
4. ^ Semi-autonomous part of the Russian Orthodox Church whose autonomy is not universally recognized.

* v
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Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

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