Eclipses in mythology and culture

Overview of beliefs regarding eclipses

Astronomers Studying an Eclipse, Antoine Caron, 1571

Eclipses of the Sun and of the Moon have been described by nearly every culture. In cultures without an astronomical explanation, eclipses were often attributed to supernatural causes or regarded as bad omens.

## Religious and cultural practices

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While solar and lunar eclipses are today understood astronomically as one celestial body shadowing another, their appearance from Earth does not intuitively belie a similar cause for each.[1] Mark Littmann, Fred Espenak, and Ken Willcox classified solar eclipse mythologies into four distinct genres:[2]

* A celestial being (usually a monster) attempts to destroy the Sun.
* The Sun fights with its lover the Moon.
* The Sun and Moon make love and discreetly hide themselves in darkness.
* The Sun god grows angry, sad, sick, or neglectful.

### Abrahamic religions

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#### Judaism

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In the Talmud, solar eclipses are described as ill omens[3] and several events in the Hebrew Bible are said to have occurred during eclipses.[4] Judaism at large has been accepting of the modern astronomical explanation of eclipses and today many rabbis consider eclipses to be reminders of divinity and a time for prayer and introspection.[5]

#### Christianity

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French Jesuits observing an eclipse with King Narai and his court in April 1688, shortly before the Siamese revolution

The periodicity of lunar eclipses been deduced by Neo-Babylonian astronomers in the sixth century BCE[6] and the periodicity of solar eclipses was deduced in first century BCE by Greek astronomers, who developed the Antikythera mechanism[7] and had understood the Sun, Moon, and Earth to be spherical celestial bodies[8] since Aristotle.[9] The astronomical understanding of eclipses was thus well understood in the Ancient Near East in which Christianity developed. The New Testament describes the sky as darkening for hours during the crucifixion of Jesus.[10] As the event's lengthy duration and occurrence on the day of a full moon made it clear to contemporary believers that it could not be an eclipse, early Christians interpreted this as an omen and sign of Jesus's divinity.[11] In 12th-century Christian Europe, eclipses were thus connected to earthly rule, where the deaths of Charlemagne and Henry I were preceded by solar and lunar eclipses.[12] Saints were often also connected with eclipses, with a solar eclipse at their death a sign of their holiness.[13] Christian eschatology makes mention of eclipse-like phenomena, where Revelation 6:12 describes how "the sun became black as sackcloth, the full moon became like blood."[14] A minority of modern Christians believe eclipses to portend the Second Coming.[15]

#### Islam

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An illustration from al-Biruni's astronomical works that explains the different phases of the moon, with respect to the position of the Sun.

Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world was well-developed, and contributions included Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Maṭar's translation of Ptolemy's Almagest, in which he corrected Ptolemy's method for predicting eclipses.[16] Theologically, the Quran explicitly rejects notions of the Sun and Moon's divinity:

> Do not prostrate to the sun or the moon, but prostrate to Allah, Who created them ˹all˺

— Surah Fussilat 41:37

In one hadith, Muhammad objects to followers' treatment of an eclipse as an omen and states that eclipses have no bearing on earthly life and death:

> We were with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) when the sun eclipsed. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) stood up dragging his cloak till he entered the Mosque. He led us in a two-rak`at prayer till the sun (eclipse) had cleared. Then the Prophet (p.b.u.h) said, "The sun and the moon do not eclipse because of someone's death. So whenever you see these eclipses pray and invoke (Allah) till the eclipse is over."

— Sahih al-Bukhari 1040

Because Muhammad instructed his followers to pray during eclipses as reminders of God's power, many Muslims today consider it sunnah to conduct a special prayer during solar eclipses, known as salat al-kusuf.[17] With modern eclipse prediction techniques, Muslim congregations today announce solar eclipse prayers in advance[18][19] as Islam places a great theological weight on communal prayer.[20]

### Classical Greco-Roman mythology

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This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2024)

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Plutarch associated the birth of Romulus, his foundation of Rome, and his death with three solar eclipses.[21][22] Scholars have attempted to substantiate these mythological claims by through modern astronomical computation, and have not been able to find eclipses on the dates traditionally given for these events.[23]

### Hindu mythology

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Main article: Grahana

Rahu swallows the Sun, referred to as Rahukalam

According to Hindu mythology, solar and lunar eclipses, known in Sanskrit as grahana (Sanskrit: ग्रहणं, romanized: Grahaṇam, lit. 'Eclipse'), occur when the celestial gods Rahu and Ketu swallow the Sun and Moon respectively.[24][25]

Hindus generally believe that a grahana is a bad omen, and is considered the best time to chanting mantras that ward against evil.[26] Fasting is practiced for up to six hours before an eclipse. Food is often prepared only after the passing of the eclipse, and conventions regarding consuming meals at given hours in the context of the event are prescribed in the Kurma Purana.[27] During an eclipse, Hindus are considered unclean. They bathe and offer prayers to ancestors. Pilgrimage sites situated adjacent to a river throng with devotees during the onset of a grahana in some regions.[28] Pregnant women are considered to be especially at risk to the effects of an eclipse and are expected to adhere more strictly to rituals to prevent birth deformities in their children.[29] It is regarded to be a bad omen to be born during an eclipse, and Brahmins are often called upon to ritually bless such babies.

### Native American traditions

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Drawing of Columbus' prediction of the March 1504 lunar eclipse to the native Jamaicans

The Indigenous peoples of the Americas have very diverse cultural practices and beliefs about eclipses.

#### Maya

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Since the sixteenth century, Western scholars have been interested in "eclipse glyphs" recorded by the Maya civilization in the Dresden Codex, thought by historians to be predictions of solar and lunar eclipses.[30] As there is no evidence for Maya understanding of heliocentrism or celestial orbits, it is likely that such eclipse predictions were made entirely from observed periodicity.[31] However, some scholars argue that the glyphs in the Mayan codices refer to skies darkened from heavy rainfall, and not to eclipses.[32]

#### Aztec

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In Aztec mythology, solar eclipses occurred when the jaguar god Tepēyōllōtl consumed the sun and threatened to swallow it completely, according to Eduard Seler's analysis of the Codex Vaticanus B.[33] A 16th century passage from the Florentine Codex gives an account of a solar eclipse:

> Then there were a tumult and disorder. All were disquieted, unnerved, frightened. There was weeping. The common folk raised a cry, lifting their voices, making a great din, calling out, shrieking. There was shouting everywhere. People of light complexion were slain [as sacrifices]; captives were killed. All offered their blood; they drew straws through the lobes of their ears, which had been pierced. And in all the temples there was the singing of fitting chants; there was an uproar; there were war cries. It was thus said: "If the eclipse of the sun is complete, it will be dark forever! The demons of darkness will come down; they will eat men!"

— de Sahagún (1950), p. 2

There is no record of lunar eclipses in Aztec mythology or recordkeeping, as noted by an observer who wrote in the Codex Telleriano-Remensis about a lunar eclipse in 1510.[34] The Aztec records of solar eclipses, when present, are tied directly to historic events; it is likely that they chose to record such events only when they coincided with social or political events.[35]

#### Navajo

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Navajo people consider the time during an eclipse to be a sacred moment of renewal, and refrain from all activities including eating and drinking.[36] During an eclipse, the Sun or Moon is believed to be dying and reborn. Members of the nation should be silent in prayer and it is considered forbidden to look anywhere except down on the ground. Before modern eclipse prediction methods, Navajo people believed they could predict oncoming eclipses through their traditional songs.[37] During the solar eclipse of October 14, 2023, the offices of the Navajo Nation, including its parks, were closed out of reverence for the eclipse.[38]

#### Hopi

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The Hopi people, whose reservation is an enclave of the Navajo Nation, consider eclipses to be a time of ceremony.[39][40]

### New religious movements

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An original card from the tarot deck of Jean Dodal of Lyon, a classic "Tarot of Marseilles" deck, 1701–1715

Some New Age and Wicca practitioners view solar and lunar eclipses as important spiritual events.[41] As decentralized religious practices, there are no set prescribed rituals and adherents are free to explore their own exercises, which can include crystal charging,[42] imbuing water with energy,[43] and tarot card reading.[44] For some Wicca practitioners, the spiritual nature of the solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 was an opportunity for political activism, casting spells against the administration of Donald Trump.[45]

### Norse mythology

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The replicas of the Golden Horns of Gallehus exhibited at the National Museum of Denmark

According to Norse mythology, a wolf named Fenrir lives in constant pursuit of the Sun. When Fenrir consumes the Sun, the end times events of Ragnarök will ensue.[46] Historians consider it likely that the Golden Horns of Gallehus artifacts, which contain eschatological iconography, were made in response a lunar eclipse of November 4, 412 and a solar eclipse of April 16, 413.[47]

Other Norse tribes believe that there are two wolves named Sköll and Hati that are in pursuit of the Sun and the Moon, known by the names of Sol and Mani, and that an eclipse occurs when one of the wolves successfully eats either the Sun or the Moon.[48][better source needed]

### West African mythology

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The Fon people believe that the creator god Mawu-Lisa divided into a Sun god Lisa and Moon god Mawu. Eclipses are seen as the two gods engaging in intercourse.[49] The Jukun people explained eclipses as the Sun catching the Moon, and would beat drums to make the Sun release its hold on the Moon.[49]

## Modern secular practices

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### Eclipse chasing

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Main article: Eclipse chasing

A dedicated group of eclipse chasers have pursued the observation of solar eclipses when they occur around Earth.[50] A person who chases eclipses is known as an umbraphile, meaning shadow lover.[51] Umbraphiles travel for eclipses and use various tools to help view the Sun including solar viewing glasses, also known as eclipse glasses, as well as telescopes.[52]

### Educational outreach

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Solar and lunar eclipses are often used by educational institutions as events for public outreach about astronomy. Lunar eclipses, which are visible by about half the planet at once, are relatively small-scale events for individual organizations and simple to plan for. In areas with extreme levels of light pollution, stargazing may be impossible and so educational stargazing is necessarily restricted to lunar eclipses.[53] By studying lunar phases and eclipses, students can learn about the sizes and relative distances between the Sun, Earth, and Moon.[54]

Solar eclipses happen at midday in narrow visibility bands, which allows educational organizations to plan daytime outreach events that will naturally reach large crowds. Astronomy educators often feel an obligation to ensure eclipse viewers use solar viewing glasses, and utilize outreach events to distribute glasses and encourage compliance.[55][56] Where both a total and annular solar eclipse can be seen in relatively quick succession, outreach events can discuss the effect of the elliptical shapes of the Earth and Moon's orbits on the magnitude of eclipse.[57] As solar eclipses trace indiscriminately across swaths of continents, rural and impoverished areas in their path can benefit from greater attention paid to educating on astronomy and science in the area.[58][59]

Eclipses have also been opportunities for citizen science. As brief but geographically diverse events, it is difficult to organize traditional experiments across the entire viewing area. Crowd-sourced experiments have included a test of radio wave propagation,[60] plant and animal reactions,[61] and air temperature measurements.[62]

### Civic events

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Solar eclipses are best visible in a narrow band across the planet, which places a significant logistical burden on organizations and towns in the path of totality. Southern Illinois University Carbondale found themselves at the center of the solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, for which the university had to spend three years planning for the anticipated 30,000 additional visitors on what was originally scheduled as new-student move-in day.[63] Traffic congestion before and after a solar eclipse can be severe, with crowds numbering in the hundreds of thousands filling highways and spilling off into secondary roadways.[64]

Eclipses are opportunities for large civic gatherings outside the educational sphere. For the solar eclipse of April 8, 2024, a rural portion of Texas had planned to hold a multi-day music and arts festival.[65] During the solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump made an appearance outside the White House visible to onlookers from across the South Lawn to view the eclipse.[66]

## See also

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* Solar eclipse – Natural phenomenon wherein the Sun is obscured by the Moon
* Lunar eclipse – Natural phenomenon wherein the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon
* List of films featuring eclipses
* Apollo–Soyuz – First international crewed spaceflight mission
* Solar eclipses in fiction
* Solar eclipses on the Moon – Lunar phenomenon wherein the Sun is obscured by Earth
* Transit of Venus – Astronomical transit of Venus across the Sun
* Transit of Deimos from Mars – Transit of a Moon of Mars
* Transit of Phobos from Mars – Transit of a Moon from Mars

## Notes

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1. ^ Khalisi (2020), p. 12: "Taking the view of an uninformed person, the phenomenon of a lunar and solar eclipse presents itself very different in nature: different in frequency, different in daytime, different in length, different in the visual conditions. It is not obvious at all to comprehend that an eclipse is nothing more than an interplay of shadows caused by the bodies of earth or moon."
2. ^ Littmann & Espenak (2023), p. 39.
3. ^ Talmud, b. Sukkah 29a:8
4. ^ Rogovoy (2017): "For those interested in deeper study, events in the books of Joshua, Amos, and Jonah are often explained as having been accompanied by solar eclipses, and rabbinical scholars have even drawn upon science to date these eclipses with some specificity to the times when these events are thought to have taken place"
5. ^ Bharath, Crary & Fam (2024): "Judaism has longstanding interconnections with astronomy"
6. ^ Nothaft (2024), p. 57: "Babylonian use of this eclipse period, which is known as the 'saros' to modern historians and astronomers, may go back to the earliest systematically recorded eclipse observations, which commence in the mid-eighth century BC. It was certainly in use by the sixth century BC, as seen from a cuneiform list of lunar eclipses"
7. ^ Nothaft (2024), p. 58: "To each of these months was assigned a separate cell, which in the case of an eclipse month carried an inscription composed of small glyphs and an index letter. The glyphs were there to differentiate between a lunar and a solar eclipse "
8. ^ Nothaft (2024), p. 59: "An aspect of the mechanism that seems distinctly non-Babylonian is the idea of factoring parallax into eclipse predictions, which rests on an understanding of eclipses as involving the interplay of three spherical bodies (Sun, Earth, Moon)"
9. ^ Aristotle (1939), p. 253: "if the eclipses are due to the interposition of the earth, the shape must be caused by its circumference, and the earth must be spherical"
10. ^ Matthew 27:45, Mark 15:33, Luke 23:44
11. ^ Tertullian (1885), p. 35: "Those who were not aware that this had been predicted about Christ, no doubt thought it an eclipse"
12. ^ Gasper (2024), p. 113: "The miraculous solar eclipse associated with the death of Christ in the medieval period offered a framework for Christian writers for a similar association of the cosmic phenomenon with earthly rulership"
13. ^ Gasper (2024), p. 121: "The saints are presented as martyrs, a solar eclipse marking their moment of death or its prefigurement, completing the imitation of Christ and drawing on the same understanding of the darkness at the crucifixion in Luke's gospel"
14. ^ Revelation 6:12
15. ^ Eykel (2024): "The upcoming solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, which will be visible over parts of North America, has brought with it a slew of predictions that Jesus might be returning sooner rather than later."
16. ^ Saliba (2007), p. 80: "Remembering that al-Ḥajjāj was apparently conscious of the environment of competition that we just spoke about, he could not afford to have what looked like a mistake in the translation, and took it upon himself to correct the Greek text"
17. ^ Burge (2022), p. 218: "The hadith above stating that eclipses are one of the signs of God (ayat Allah) makes the salat al-kusuf a kind of communal remembrance of divine power and sovereignty. The prayer is not supplicatory, in the sense of a prayer being made to achieve a specific end; but, rather, it becomes used as a vehicle for the community to remember their place in the universe, the sovereignty of God, and God’s authority over all created things"
18. ^ Ashford (2024): "More than a thousand people gathered at the East Plano Islamic Center Monday to watch the total solar eclipse and pray Salatul Kusoof, a special prayer observed by some Muslims during eclipses"
19. ^ Warikoo (2024): "Imam Imran Salha of the Islamic Center of Detroit said that prayers for the eclipse will be held at 2 p.m. Monday"
20. ^ Burge (2022), p. 218: "The role of 'coming together' serves as a theological reminder that all Muslims are part of the umma and should respond as one in certain situations"
21. ^ Close (2019), p. 96: "Classical literature has associated Romulus's birth, his foundation of Rome, and his death, with eclipses."
22. ^ Yarrow (2018), p. 155: "We know from the de Re Publica  (51 BC) that Ennius discussed the apotheosis of Romulus, dating it by an eclipse."
23. ^ Close (2019), p. 100: "If you accept the dates of Romulus's life and foundation of Rome recorded in the classical histories, the eclipse record shows the association with eclipses is mere myth."
24. ^ Sastri (1903), p. 31: "With the generality of the Hindus the eclipse is the swallowing of the sun and the moon for a time by a demon called Rahu"
25. ^ Chandrasekharam (2007), p. 30: "In Hindu mythology Rahu and Ketu are regarded as celestial bodies that swallow the Moon and the Sun thus causing lunar and solar eclipses respectively"
26. ^ Sastri (1903), p. 33: "The eclipse time is considered a most auspicious time for mastering the incantations for exorcising the evil effects of serpent bite, or scorpion-sting, and of devils, and many specialists in these directions would be seen standing in water and muttering these incantations"
27. ^ Kurma Purana, II.19.15: "One should not take food immediately before the Solar eclipse. If there is a lunar eclipse, he should not take food in that evening. In the course of the duration of the eclipse also, one should not take food. After the liberation (i.e. close of the eclipse), he should (first) take bath and take food."
28. ^ Lall (2004), p. 104: "It is held that everyone is unclean during an eclipse, and should bathe and wash away that uncleanliness"
29. ^ Simoons (1998), p. 171: "Pregnant women are in special danger from eclipses, because eclipses may bring on deformities in the children they bear"
30. ^ Knowlton (2003), p. 293: "Westerners have been interested in Mesoamerican interpretations of eclipses since the sixteenth century A.D."
31. ^ Aveni (1984), p. 26: "Interestingly enough, the Maya mapped out the entire eclipse program for the future with neither knowledge of nor interest in the concept of the nodes of the lunar orbit or the 19-year nodal regression period that has been given so much attention in megalithic astronomy of the Old World"
32. ^ Love (2017).
33. ^ Seler (1902–1903), p. 144: "For the Mexicans the jaguar was the animal that devours the sun, at the time when the sun was devoured, that is, when a solar eclipse; occurred. Hence for the Mexicans he denoted darkness, and his image, the god Tepeyollotli, is a god of caves, of the dark interior of the mountains"
34. ^ le Tellier (1899), p. 42: "nunca hazian cuenta de los eclipes de la luna sino de los del sol por q dezian q el sol se comia a la luna quando acaecia aver eclise de luna"
35. ^ Aveni & Calnek (1999), p. 96: "Aztec chronologists selectively recorded visible eclipses that served as 'punctuation marks' bracketing real historical events spaced at intervals determined by the xiuhmolpilli cyclic framework"
36. ^ Johannesen (2024).
37. ^ Zotigh (2024).
38. ^ Joe (2023).
39. ^ Johannesen (2024): "The Hopi in Arizona believe an eclipse is a time to pray and for ceremony, such as presenting traditional sacred names"
40. ^ Zotigh (2024): "During the last eclipse, our nieces and nephews were given their sacred Hopi names"
41. ^ Yellin (2024): "To adherents of nontraditional spiritual movements like Wicca — which has grown in popularity as more Americans leave organized religion — it's an opportunity to tap into energies that flow throughout the natural and spiritual world"
42. ^ Jackson (2024): "There is no need for protective stones during the solar eclipse, but that it’s a good time to charge your crystals as well"
43. ^ Silva (2017): "My mom says there a chance an eclipse can grant powers, wisdom, and positive energy. The purpose of eclipse water is to bottle up all that energy and be able to use it for months after the event has passed."
44. ^ Stephens (2024): "For Gonzalez, tarot is a way to navigate the individual experience of this cosmic event."
45. ^ Burton (2017): "Activists like the members of the #MagicResistance, who use carefully structured, symbolically loaded rituals to 'bind' Donald Trump (often represented by whimsical items like a Cheeto or a carrot), see in the solar eclipse an opportunity to direct their spiritual energy toward an administration they see as the embodiment of evil"
46. ^ Lindow (2002).
47. ^ Hartner (1969).
48. ^ Morrison & Goldsworthy (2017).
49. ^ a b Lynch & Roberts (2010), p. 39.
50. ^ Russo (2012).
51. ^ Kelly (2017).
52. ^ Wright (2017).
53. ^ Razali et al. (2020), p. 45: "The second outreach program conducted by the STEM ambassadors was a public stargazing activity at the National Planetarium, Kuala Lumpur. Since this location suffers from extremely high light pollution, the stargazing activity was restricted to bright objects which were planetary and lunar eclipse observations"
54. ^ Marcos & Sanmartín (2015): "by observing lunar phases and eclipses from the ground, students could also determine, following Aristarchus of Samos in the 3rd century BC, 4 length ratios involving moon and sun distances to earth, and radii of all three, moon, sun, and earth"
55. ^ Dcruz (2024), section 2: "I felt it would be worthwhile to organize free public viewing of both eclipses so that as many people as possible could enjoy viewing them safely"
56. ^ Keesee, Williamson & Robertson-Honecker (2019), p. 78: "Through these mechanisms, we were able to collaborate with K-12 teachers and informal educators to distribute over 30,000 eclipse glasses and reach over 50,000 West Virginians, with a primary focus on middle-school-aged youth."
57. ^ Dcruz (2024), section 2: "Besides the enjoyment and pleasure associated with viewing a solar eclipse, there are a variety of astronomical concepts that can be discussed. For example, the angular size of an object versus its physical size, and the fact that an object's angular size decreases with increasing distance from the observer."
58. ^ Raharja & Pramudya (2016), p. 4: "The enthusiasm was shown by the students and teachers. Some of them have low awareness about the solar eclipse in Sorong Regency. The public outreach did not only increase the knowledge of the students and teacher but also gave the opportunity for the physics education student to start practicing his knowledge in teaching"
59. ^ Keesee, Williamson & Robertson-Honecker (2019), p. 77: "in recent years there has been a significant effort to enhance STEM education to combat this statistic and bring prosperity to the state. For rural Appalachian students in particular, the impact of STEM experiences can be enhanced when they are integrated into their community, as rural students often place a high value on community and family relationships"
60. ^ Fallacara et al. (2016).
61. ^ Young et al. (2019).
62. ^ Weaver et al. (2019).
63. ^ Baer (2019), p. 23: "August 21, 2017 was set to be the first day of classes for Southern Illinois University (SIU) Carbondale. This date had been on the academic calendar for several years prior to any discussions to modify the class and move in schedule to accommodate not just the thousands of returning students, faculty, and staff, but an estimated additional 30,000 campus visitors traveling to campus to see the great American eclipse"
64. ^ Parvinashtiani, Hopps & Radow (2019), p. 275: "Kentucky DOT expected traffic only on primary roads, but congestion was observed on many of the secondary roads as people tried to avoid the traffic on the primary roads. Traffic counts showed an immediate jump as people headed home from their eclipse adventure, with the most significant single jump of a 222% increase in traffic"
65. ^ Garofalo (2024): "What organizers are calling a 'celestial creation,' the Texas Eclipse Festival at Reveille Peak Ranch in Burnet will be an entire experience where you will not just watch the total solar eclipse in the path of totality but also have access to a series of events featuring live music, impactful speakers, and exhibits unlike anything you've seen before."
66. ^ Colvin (2017): "The president was joined by wife Melania, son Barron and top aides Monday afternoon to view the spectacle from the portico overlooking the South Lawn"

## References

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### Historic primary sources

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* Aristotle (1939). On the Heavens. Translated by Guthrie, W. K. C. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-99372-3. OCLC 685157. OL 14998225W. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
* de Sahagún, Bernardino (1950). General History of the Things of New Spain. Vol. 7, The sun, moon, and stars, and the binding of the years. Translated by Anderson, Arthur J. O.; Dibble, Charles E.
* Seler, Eduard (1902–1903). Codex Vaticanus no. 3773: An Old Mexican Pictorial Manuscript in the Vatican Library. Vol. 1\. Translated by Keane, Augustus Henry. OCLC 10291895.
* le Tellier, Charles Maurice (1899). Hamy, Ernest T. (ed.). Codex Telleriano-Remensis: manuscrit mexicain (in French). OCLC 3115736. OL 28166311W.
* Tertullian (1885). Apologeticus. Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325. Vol. 3\. Translated by Roberts, Alexander; Donaldson, James. London: Christian Literature Publishing Company. OCLC 848496695. OL 16315858W.

### Books and academic journals

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* Aveni, Anthony F. (1984). "Native American astronomy: Archaeoastronomers are documenting the work of the astronomers of pre-Columbian America, drawing on such evidence as ancient written ephemerides and precise astronomical alignments of surviving architecture". Physics Today. 37 (6): 24–32\. doi:10.1063/1.2916269.
* Aveni, Anthony F.; Calnek, Edward E. (1999). "Astronomical considerations in the Aztec expression of history". Ancient Mesoamerica. 10 (1): 87–98\. doi:10.1017/S0956536199101111.
* Baer, Robert (2019). Buxner, Sanlyn; Shore, Linda; Jensen, Joseph (eds.). Eclipse 2017 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Celebrating the 2017 Great American Eclipse: Lessons Learned from the Path of Totality. ASP Conference Series. Vol. 516\. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. pp. 23–33\. Bibcode:2019ASPC..516...23B.
* Bricker, Harvey M.; Bricker, Victoria R. (1983). "Classic Maya prediction of solar eclipses". Current Anthropology. 24 (1): 1–23\. doi:10.1086/202931.
* Burge, Stephen R. (2022). "Prayer". In Leaman, Oliver (ed.). Routledge Handbook of Islamic Ritual and Practice. Routledge. pp. 213–227\. doi:10.4324/9781003044659-18. ISBN 978-1-003-04465-9. OCLC 1294399032. OL 27087117W.
* Chandrasekharam, D. (2007). "Geo-mythology of India". In Piccardi, L.; Masse, W. B. (eds.). Myth and Geology. Special Publications. Vol. 273\. London: The Geological Society. pp. 29–38\. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.273.01.03. ISBN 978-1-86239-521-3. OCLC 891469769.
* Close, Frank (2019). Eclipses. What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190902476.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-090247-6. OCLC 1109724918. OL 21211921W.
* Cornish, Alison (2024). "Dante's Total Eclipses". In Lange, Henrike; McLeish, Tom (eds.). Eclipse and Revelation: Total Solar Eclipses in Science, History, Literature, and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 157–172\. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857996.003.0010. ISBN 978-0-19-194877-0. OCLC 1416831745. OL 37829338W.
* Dcruz, Noella (2024). "Joliet Junior College's Public Viewing Event for the October 14, 2023 Solar Eclipse". Bulletin of the AAS. 56 (3). Bibcode:2024BAAS...56c.017D. doi:10.3847/25c2cfeb.08579f39.
* Fallacara, James; Lopez, Diego; Pappas, Jordan; Tavares, Emanuel; Wong, Brandon; Kerby-Patel, K. C.; Čučkov, Filip; Nelson, Jill; Liles, W. C. (2016). Receiver system design for crowdsourced experiments on the effects of a solar eclipse on low-frequency radio wave propagation. International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation. Fajardo, Puerto Rico: IEEE. doi:10.1109/APS.2016.7696338.
* Frost, Mike (2024). "From Science to Story: Testimony of an Eclipse-Chaser". In Lange, Henrike; McLeish, Tom (eds.). Eclipse and Revelation: Total Solar Eclipses in Science, History, Literature, and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 69–82\. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857996.003.0005. ISBN 978-0-19-194877-0. OCLC 1416831745. OL 37829338W.
* Gasper, Giles (2024). "'The Face of the World was Wretched, Horrifying, Black, Remarkable': Solar Eclipses in the Middle Ages". In Lange, Henrike; McLeish, Tom (eds.). Eclipse and Revelation: Total Solar Eclipses in Science, History, Literature, and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 103–126\. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857996.003.0007. ISBN 978-0-19-194877-0. OCLC 1416831745. OL 37829338W.
* Hart, David Bentley (2024). "Signs and Portents: Reflections on the History of Solar Eclipses". In Lange, Henrike; McLeish, Tom (eds.). Eclipse and Revelation: Total Solar Eclipses in Science, History, Literature, and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 143–154\. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857996.003.0009. ISBN 978-0-19-194877-0. OCLC 1416831745. OL 37829338W.
* Hartner, Willy (1969). Die Goldhörner von Gallehus: Die Inschriften. Die ikonographischen und literarischen Beziehungen. Das Entstehungsdsatum (in German). Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. OCLC 1813151.
* Hild, Elaine Stratton (2024). "When Words Fail: Eclipse, Music, and Sound". In Lange, Henrike; McLeish, Tom (eds.). Eclipse and Revelation: Total Solar Eclipses in Science, History, Literature, and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 258–280\. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857996.003.0013. ISBN 978-0-19-194877-0. OCLC 1416831745. OL 37829338W.
* Keesee, Amy M.; Williamson, Kathryn; Robertson-Honecker, Jennifer (2019). Buxner, Sanlyn; Shore, Linda; Jensen, Joseph (eds.). Community Based Solar Eclipse Outreach in Rural Appalachia. Celebrating the 2017 Great American Eclipse: Lessons Learned from the Path of Totality. ASP Conference Series. Vol. 516\. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. pp. 77–83\. Bibcode:2019ASPC..516...77K.
* Khalisi, Emil (2020). "Eclipses in the Aztec Codices". arXiv:2008.08982 [physics.hist-ph].
* Knowlton, Timothy (2003). "Seasonal implications of Maya eclipse and rain iconography in the Dresden Codex". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 34 (3): 291–303\. Bibcode:2003JHA....34..291K. doi:10.1177/002182860303400303.
* Lall, R. Manohar (2004). Among the Hindus: A Study of Hindu Festivals. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-1822-0. OCLC 4352980.
* Lange, Henrike Christiane (2024). "Total Eclipse of the Art: Vision, Occlusion, Representation". In Lange, Henrike; McLeish, Tom (eds.). Eclipse and Revelation: Total Solar Eclipses in Science, History, Literature, and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 204–257\. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857996.003.0012. ISBN 978-0-19-194877-0. OCLC 1416831745. OL 37829338W.
* Lindow, John (2002). Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-983969-8. OCLC 646787715.
* Littmann, Mark; Espenak, Fred (2023). Totality: The Great North American Eclipse of 2024. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198879084.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-198919-3. OCLC 1395141938. OL 584919W.
* Love, Bruce (2017). "The 'eclipse glyph' in Maya text and iconography: A century of misinterpretation". Ancient Mesopotamia. 29 (1): 219–244\. doi:10.1017/S0956536116000444.
* Lynch, Patricia Ann; Roberts, Jeremy (2010). African Mythology A to Z (2nd ed.). New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 978-1-4381-3133-7. OCLC 642661986. OL 16989108W.
* Marcos, Miguel Blanco; Sanmartín, Juan R. (2015). Outreach Testing of Ancient Astronomy. European Planetary Science Congress. Europlanet Society. Bibcode:2015EPSC...10...40S.
* Morrison, Jessica; Goldsworthy, Steve (2017). Eclipses. New York: Weigl. ISBN 978-1-4896-5814-2. OCLC 785627212.
* Nothaft, Philip (2024). "Pre-Modern Astronomies of Eclipses in the Near East and Europe". In Lange, Henrike; McLeish, Tom (eds.). Eclipse and Revelation: Total Solar Eclipses in Science, History, Literature, and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 54–68\. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857996.003.0004. ISBN 978-0-19-194877-0. OCLC 1416831745. OL 37829338W.
* Olson, Roberta J. M. (2024). "Eclipsed? The Nineteenth-Century Quest to Capture Solar Eclipses in Art, Science, and Technology". In Lange, Henrike; McLeish, Tom (eds.). Eclipse and Revelation: Total Solar Eclipses in Science, History, Literature, and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 173–203\. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857996.003.0011. ISBN 978-0-19-194877-0. OCLC 1416831745. OL 37829338W.
* Parvinashtiani, Niloo; Hopps, Adam; Radow, Laurel (2019). Buxner, Sanlyn; Shore, Linda; Jensen, Joseph (eds.). Transportation Planning and Preparation for 2017 Solar Eclipse. Celebrating the 2017 Great American Eclipse: Lessons Learned from the Path of Totality. ASP Conference Series. Vol. 516\. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. pp. 269–276\. Bibcode:2019ASPC..516..269P.
* Raharja, Endra Putra; Pramudya, Yudhiakto (2016). "Outreach activities in anticipation of the 2016 solar eclipse in Sorong". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 771 (1): 012024. Bibcode:2016JPhCS.771a2024P. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/771/1/012024.
* Razali, Siti Nur Razira; Hamid, Muhammad Ezzat Abdul; Hamid, Nurul Shazana Abdul; Puteh, Marlia; Kamil, Wan Mohd Aimran Wan Mohd; Zainuddin, Zalita; Awang, Rozidawati; Azhar, Mohammad Afiq Dzuan Mohd; Mastor, Mohd Zamri Shah; Sazalli, Nurhasmiza Abu Hasan; Zainon, Othman; Sjarif, Nilam Nur Amir; Omar, Mohd Shahir Shamsir; Law, Effie Lai-Chong; Bannister, Nigel (2020). "Astronomy Outreach Programs with STEM Ambassadors under the C3AOL Project" (PDF). Jurnal Kejuruteraan. 3 (1): 43–49\. doi:10.17576/jkukm-2020-si3(1)-07.
* Roos, Anna Marie (2024). "Annus Tenebrosus: Black Monday, Faith, and Political Fervour in Early Modern England". In Lange, Henrike; McLeish, Tom (eds.). Eclipse and Revelation: Total Solar Eclipses in Science, History, Literature, and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 127–142\. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857996.003.0008. ISBN 978-0-19-194877-0. OCLC 1416831745. OL 37829338W.
* Russo, Kate (2012). Total Addiction: The Life of an Eclipse Chaser. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30481-1. ISBN 978-3-642-30481-1. OCLC 805721298.
* Saliba, George (2007). Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/3981.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-262-19557-7. OCLC 70673221. OL 3941552W.
* Sardar, Marika (August 2011). "Astronomy and Astrology in the Medieval Islamic World". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
* Sastri, S. M. Natesa (1903). Hindu Feasts, Fasts and Ceremonies. M. E. Publishing House. ISBN 978-812060402-5. OCLC 20436550. OL 396357W. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
* Simoons, Frederick J. (1998). Plants of Life, Plants of Death. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-15904-7. OCLC 45733876.
* Steele, John (2024). "Solar Eclipses across Early Asia". In Lange, Henrike; McLeish, Tom (eds.). Eclipse and Revelation: Total Solar Eclipses in Science, History, Literature, and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 85–102\. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857996.003.0006. ISBN 978-0-19-194877-0. OCLC 1416831745. OL 37829338W.
* Weaver, Kristen; Kohl, Holli; Martin, Ann; Burdick, Autumn (2019). Buxner, Sanlyn; Shore, Linda; Jensen, Joseph (eds.). How Cool Was the Eclipse? Collecting Earth Science Data With Citizen Scientists and GLOBE Observer. Celebrating the 2017 Great American Eclipse: Lessons Learned from the Path of Totality. ASP Conference Series. Vol. 516\. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. pp. 511–524\. Bibcode:2019ASPC..516..511W.
* Yarrow, Liv Marrah (2018). "Romulus' apotheosis". American Journal of Numismatics. 30: 153–170\. JSTOR 26932660.
* Young, Alison N.; Johnson, Rebecca F.; Ricard, Elise; Wyatt, Ryan (2019). Buxner, Sanlyn; Shore, Linda; Jensen, Joseph (eds.). Life Responds: Citizen Science to Document Behavior Changes in Plants and Animals During the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse. Celebrating the 2017 Great American Eclipse: Lessons Learned from the Path of Totality. ASP Conference Series. Vol. 516\. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. pp. 463–472\. Bibcode:2019ASPC..516..463Y.

### Newspapers and magazines

[edit]

* Ashford, Joy (April 8, 2024). "Muslims marked total solar eclipse in North Texas with special prayer". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on April 8, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
* Bharath, Deepa; Crary, David; Fam, Mariam (April 24, 2024). "Awe and dread: How religions have responded to total solar eclipses over the centuries". Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 7, 2024. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
* Burton, Tara Isabella (August 21, 2017). "I spent the eclipse with Asheville's witches". Religion. Vox. Asheville, North Carolina. Archived from the original on August 22, 2017. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
* Colvin, Jill (August 21, 2017). "Trump watches eclipse from White House". Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
* Eykel, Eric Vanden (April 5, 2024). "For some Christians, upcoming solar eclipse heralds the second coming of Christ". The Times of Israel. Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 5, 2024. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
* Garofalo, Meredith (March 22, 2024). "Texas Eclipse Festival offers a 'choose your own adventure experience' for April total solar eclipse". Space. Archived from the original on March 22, 2024. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
* Jackson, Lauren (April 5, 2024). "The Solar Eclipse Is a Major Cosmic Event. Which Crystals Should You Use for It?". Sarasota Magazine. Archived from the original on April 7, 2024. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
* Joe, Kianna (October 12, 2023). "Monument Valley Park closed out of respect for solar eclipse". Navajo Times. Monument Valley. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
* Rogovoy, Seth (August 17, 2017). "The Secret Jewish History Of The Solar Eclipse". The Forward. Archived from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
* Silva, Christianna (August 17, 2017). "Rituals To Sprinkle A Little Magic Into Your Eclipse Experience". Humans. NPR. Archived from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
* Stephens, Sophie (April 4, 2024). "For some spiritual Vermonters, the energy of the eclipse is its own attraction". Vermont Public. Archived from the original on April 5, 2024. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
* Tang, Terry (October 12, 2023). "In many Indigenous cultures, a solar eclipse is more than a spectacle. It's for honoring tradition". Associated Press. Phoenix. Archived from the original on October 13, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
* Warikoo, Niraj (April 8, 2024). "Metro Detroit religious groups to contemplate God's creation through solar eclipse prayers". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on April 10, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
* Yellin, Deena (April 3, 2024). "In NJ, Wiccans and witches have big plans for 'supercharged' energy of April solar eclipse". northjersey.com. New Jersey. Archived from the original on April 4, 2024. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
* Zotigh, Dennis (April 5, 2024). "What Indigenous Americans Believe About Eclipses". Smithsonian Voices. Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on April 6, 2024. Retrieved April 6, 2024.

### Web sources

[edit]

* Johannesen, Kirk (April 1, 2024). "Solar eclipse is a time for reverence, reflection in many Native American cultures". IU Newsroom (Press release). Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University. Archived from the original on April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
* Kelly, Pat (July 6, 2017). "Umbraphile, Umbraphilia, Umbraphiles, and Umbraphiliacs". Solar Eclipse Live. The Sol Alliance. Archived from the original on August 24, 2017. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
* Wright, Andy (August 16, 2017). "Chasing Totality: A Look Into the World of Umbraphiles". Atlas Obscura. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2017.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eclipse.

* v
* t
* e

The Sun

Internal structure|

* Core
* Radiative zone
* Tachocline
* Convection zone

Atmosphere|

| Photosphere|

* Supergranulation
* Granule
* Faculae
* Sunspot
* Ellerman bomb

|

Chromosphere|

* Plage
* Spicule
* Moreton wave

Corona|

* Transition region
* Coronal hole
* Coronal loop
* Coronal mass ejection
* Nanoflare
* Prominence
* Helmet streamer
* Supra-arcade downflows
* Alfvén surface
* Moss

Variation|

* Solar cycle
* List of solar cycles
* Active region
* Solar maximum
* Solar minimum
* Sunspot number
* Solar wind
* Solar wind turbulence
* Magnetic switchback
* Flare
* Helioseismology

Heliosphere|

* Corotating interaction region
* Current sheet
* Termination shock
* Heliosheath
* Heliopause
* Bow shock

Related|

* Eclipse
* In mythology and culture
* Lunar eclipse
* Heliophysics
* In culture
* Solar deity
* List
* Sun in fiction
* Solar activity
* Solar astronomy
* Solar dynamo
* Solar energy
* Solar neutrino
* Solar observation
* Solar phenomena
* Solar physics
* Solar radio emission
* Solar System
* Solar telescope
* Solar time
* Space climate
* Space weather
* Standard solar model
* Star
* Sunlight radiation

Spectral class|

G-type main-sequence star

Exploration|

* Solar observatory
* List of heliophysics missions
* Category:Missions to the Sun

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Lunar eclipses

Lists of lunar eclipses|

* Central total eclipses
* Total penumbral eclipses
* Historically significant
* By century

Lunar eclipses
by era|

* Modern era
* 19th
* 20th
* 21st
* Future
* 22nd

Lunar eclipses
by saros series|

* 100
* 101
* 102
* 103
* 104
* 105
* 106
* 107
* 108
* 109
* 110
* 111
* 112
* 113
* 114
* 115
* 116
* 117
* 118
* 119
* 120
* 121
* 122
* 123
* 124
* 125
* 126
* 127
* 128
* 129
* 130
* 131
* 132
* 133
* 134
* 135
* 136
* 137
* 138
* 139
* 140
* 141
* 142
* 143
* 144
* 145
* 146
* 147
* 148
* 149
* 150
* 151
* 152
* 153
* 154
* 155
* 156
* 157
* 158
* 159
* 160
* 161
* 162
* 163

Partial eclipses

* 1453 May
* 1903 Apr
* 1914 Mar
* 1916 Jul
* 1930 Apr
* 1930 Oct
* 1932 Mar
* 1932 Sep
* 1934 Jan
* 1934 Jul
* 1936 Jul
* 1937 Nov
* 1939 Oct
* 1941 Mar
* 1941 Sep
* 1943 Feb
* 1943 Aug
* 1945 Jun
* 1947 Jun
* 1948 Apr
* 1952 Feb
* 1952 Aug
* 1954 Jul
* 1955 Nov
* 1956 May
* 1958 May
* 1959 Mar
* 1961 Mar
* 1961 Aug
* 1963 Jul
* 1965 Jun
* 1970 Feb
* 1970 Aug
* 1972 Jul
* 1973 Dec
* 1974 Jun
* 1976 May
* 1977 Apr
* 1979 Mar
* 1981 Jul
* 1983 Jun
* 1988 Aug
* 1990 Aug
* 1991 Dec
* 1992 Jun
* 1994 May
* 1995 Apr
* 1997 Mar
* 1999 Jul
* 2001 Jul
* 2005 Oct
* 2006 Sep
* 2008 Aug
* 2009 Dec
* 2010 Jun
* 2012 Jun
* 2013 Apr
* 2017 Aug
* 2019 Jul
* 2021 Nov
* 2023 Oct
* 2024 Sep
* → 2026 Aug
* 2028 Jan
* 2028 Jul
* 2030 Jun
* 2034 Sep
* 2035 Aug
* 2037 Jul
* 2039 Jun
* 2039 Nov
* 2041 May
* 2041 Nov
* 2046 Jan
* 2046 Jul
* 2048 Jun
* 2052 Oct
* 2055 Aug
* 2075 Jun
* 2099 Apr

Total eclipses

* 1504 Mar
* 1573 Dec
* 1859 Aug
* 1910 May
* 1913 Sep
* 1920 May
* 1921 Apr
* 1928 Jun
* 1931 Apr
* 1931 Sep
* 1935 Jan
* 1935 Jul
* 1936 Jan
* 1938 May
* 1938 Nov
* 1939 May
* 1942 Mar
* 1942 Aug
* 1945 Dec
* 1946 Jun
* 1946 Dec
* 1949 Apr
* 1949 Oct
* 1950 Apr
* 1950 Sep
* 1953 Jan
* 1953 Jul
* 1954 Jan
* 1956 Nov
* 1957 May
* 1957 Nov
* 1960 Mar
* 1960 Sep
* 1963 Dec
* 1964 Jun
* 1964 Dec
* 1967 Apr
* 1967 Oct
* 1968 Apr
* 1968 Oct
* 1971 Feb
* 1971 Aug
* 1972 Jan
* 1974 Nov
* 1975 May
* 1975 Nov
* 1978 Mar
* 1978 Sep
* 1979 Sep
* 1982 Jan
* 1982 Jul
* 1982 Dec
* 1985 May
* 1985 Oct
* 1986 Apr
* 1986 Oct
* 1989 Feb
* 1989 Aug
* 1990 Feb
* 1992 Dec
* 1993 Jun
* 1993 Nov
* 1996 Apr
* 1996 Sep
* 1997 Sep
* 2000 Jan
* 2000 Jul
* 2001 Jan
* 2003 May
* 2003 Nov
* 2004 May
* 2004 Oct
* 2007 Mar
* 2007 Aug
* 2008 Feb
* 2010 Dec
* 2011 Jun
* 2011 Dec
* 2014 Apr
* 2014 Oct
* 2015 Apr
* 2015 Sep
* 2018 Jan
* 2018 Jul
* 2019 Jan
* 2021 May
* 2022 May
* 2022 Nov
* 2025 Mar
* → 2025 Sep
* 2026 Mar
* 2028 Dec
* 2029 Jun
* 2029 Dec
* 2032 Apr
* 2032 Oct
* 2033 Apr
* 2033 Oct
* 2036 Feb
* 2036 Aug
* 2037 Jan
* 2040 May
* 2040 Nov
* 2043 Mar
* 2043 Sep
* 2044 Mar
* 2044 Sep
* 2047 Jan
* 2047 Jul
* 2048 Jan
* 2050 May
* 2050 Oct
* 2051 Apr
* 2051 Oct
* 2054 Feb
* 2054 Aug
* 2055 Feb
* 2058 Jun
* 2065 Jul
* 2069 May
* 2072 Aug
* 2076 Jun
* 2083 Jul
* 2084 Jan
* 2087 May
* 2090 Sep
* 2094 Jun
* 2123 Jun
* 2170 May

Penumbral eclipses

| Partial|

* 1933 Feb 10
* 1933 Mar 12
* 1933 Aug 05
* 1933 Sep 04
* 1936 Dec 28
* 1937 May 25
* 1940 Mar 23
* 1940 Apr 22
* 1940 Oct 16
* 1944 Feb 09
* 1944 Jul 06
* 1944 Aug 04
* 1947 Nov 28
* 1951 Feb 21
* 1951 Mar 23
* 1951 Aug 17
* 1951 Sep 15
* 1955 Jan 08
* 1955 Jun 05
* 1958 Apr 04
* 1958 Oct 27
* 1959 Sep 17
* 1962 Feb 19
* 1962 Jul 17
* 1962 Aug 15
* 1965 Dec 08
* 1966 May 04
* 1966 Oct 29
* 1969 Apr 02
* 1969 Aug 27
* 1969 Sep 25
* 1973 Jan 18
* 1973 Jun 15
* 1973 Jul 15
* 1976 Nov 06
* 1977 Sep 27
* 1980 Mar 01
* 1980 Jul 27
* 1980 Aug 26
* 1983 Dec 20
* 1984 May 15
* 1984 Jun 13
* 1984 Nov 08
* 1987 Apr 14
* 1987 Oct 07
* 1991 Jan 30
* 1991 Jun 27
* 1991 Jul 26
* 1994 Nov 18
* 1995 Oct 08
* 1998 Mar 13
* 1998 Aug 08
* 1998 Sep 06
* 2001 Dec 30
* 2002 May 26
* 2002 Jun 24
* 2002 Nov 20
* 2005 Apr 24
* 2009 Feb 09
* 2009 Jul 07
* 2009 Aug 06
* 2012 Nov 28
* 2013 May 25
* 2013 Oct 18
* 2016 Mar 23
* 2016 Aug 18
* 2016 Sep 16
* 2017 Feb 11
* 2020 Jan 10
* 2020 Jun 05
* 2020 Jul 05
* 2020 Nov 30
* 2023 May 05
* 2024 Mar 25
* → 2027 Feb 20
* 2027 Jul 18
* 2027 Aug 17
* 2030 Dec 09
* 2031 May 07
* 2031 Jun 05
* 2031 Oct 30
* 2034 Apr 03
* 2035 Feb 22
* 2038 Jan 21
* 2038 Jun 17
* 2038 Jul 16
* 2038 Dec 11
* 2042 Apr 05
* 2042 Oct 28
* 2045 Mar 03
* 2045 Aug 27
* 2048 Dec 20
* 2049 May 17
* 2049 Jun 15
* 2049 Nov 09
* 2052 Apr 14
* 2053 Mar 04
* 2060 Nov 08
* 2107 May 7

|

Total|

* 1944 Dec 29
* 1948 Oct 18
* 1963 Jan 09
* 1981 Jan 20
* 1988 Mar 03
* 1999 Jan 31
* 2006 Mar 14
* → 2053 Aug 29

Related|

* Danjon scale
* Eclipse cycle
* Eclipse season
* Eclipses in mythology and culture
* Gamma
* Solar eclipse

* Category
* → symbol denotes next eclipse in series

* v
* t
* e

Solar eclipses

Features|

* Baily's beads (diamond ring)
* Shadow bands
* Solar prominence
* Stellar corona
* helmet streamer

Lists of eclipses|

| By era|

* Antiquity
* Middle Ages
* Modern era
* 16th
* 17th
* 18th
* 19th
* 20th
* 21st
* 22nd
* Future

|

Saros series (list)|

* 109
* 110
* 111
* 112
* 113
* 114
* 115
* 116
* 117
* 118
* 119
* 120
* 121
* 122
* 123
* 124
* 125
* 126
* 127
* 128
* 129
* 130
* 131
* 132
* 133
* 134
* 135
* 136
* 137
* 138
* 139
* 140
* 141
* 142
* 143
* 144
* 145
* 146
* 147
* 148
* 149
* 150
* 151
* 152
* 153
* 154
* 155
* 156
* 157
* 158
* 159
* 160
* 161
* 162

Visibility|

* Australia
* British Isles
* China
* Israel
* Philippines
* Russia
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United States

Historical|

* Mursili's eclipse (1312 BC)
* Assyrian eclipse (763 BC)
* Eclipse of Thales (585 BC)
* Muhammad's eclipse (632 AD)

Total/hybrid eclipses
→ next total/hybrid|

* 1133
* 1185
* 1560
* 1598
* 1652
* 1654
* 1673
* 1706
* 1715
* 1724
* 1766
* 1778
* 1780
* 1802
* 1803
* 1806
* 1816
* 1824
* 1842
* 1845
* 1851
* 1853
* 1857
* 1858
* 1860
* 1865
* 1867
* 1868
* 1869
* 1870
* 1871
* 1874
* 1875
* 1878
* 1882
* 1883
* 1885
* 1886
* 1887
* Jan. 1889
* Dec. 1889
* 1892
* 1893
* 1896
* 1898
* 1900
* 1901
* 1903
* 1904
* 1905
* 1907
* Jan. 1908
* Dec. 1908
* 1909
* 1910
* 1911
* Apr. 1912
* Oct. 1912
* 1914
* 1916
* 1918
* 1919
* 1921
* 1922
* 1923
* 1925
* 1926
* 1927
* 1928
* 1929
* Apr. 1930
* Oct. 1930
* 1932
* 1934
* 1936
* 1937
* 1938
* 1939
* 1940
* 1941
* 1943
* Jan. 1944
* 1945
* 1947
* 1948
* 1950
* 1952
* 1954
* 1955
* 1956
* 1957
* 1958
* 1959
* 1961
* 1962
* 1963
* 1965
* 1966
* 1967
* 1968
* 1970
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1976
* 1977
* 1979
* 1980
* 1981
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1994
* 1995
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2005
* 2006
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2012
* 2013
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2023
* 2024
* → 2026
* 2027
* 2028
* 2030
* 2031
* 2033
* 2034
* 2035
* 2037
* 2038
* 2039
* 2041
* 2042
* 2043
* 2044
* 2045
* 2046
* 2048
* 2049
* 2050
* 2052
* 2053
* 2055
* Jan. 2057
* Dec. 2057
* 2059
* 2060
* 2061
* 2063
* 2064
* 2066
* 2067
* 2068
* 2070
* 2071
* 2072
* 2073
* 2075
* 2076
* 2077
* 2078
* 2079
* 2081
* 2082
* 2084
* 2086
* 2088
* 2089
* 2090
* 2091
* 2093
* 2094
* 2095
* 2096
* 2097
* 2099
* 2100
* 2186

Annular eclipses
→ next annular|

* 1749
* 1792
* 1802
* 1803
* 1820
* 1854
* 1860
* 1863
* 1865
* 1879
* 1889
* 1899
* 1900
* 1901
* 1903
* 1904
* 1905
* 1907
* 1908
* 1911
* 1914
* Feb. 1915
* Aug. 1915
* 1916
* 1917
* 1918
* 1919
* 1921
* 1922
* 1923
* 1925
* 1926
* 1927
* 1929
* 1932
* Feb. 1933
* Aug. 1933
* 1934
* 1935
* 1936
* 1937
* 1939
* 1940
* 1941
* 1943
* Jul. 1944
* 1945
* 1947
* 1948
* 1950
* Mar. 1951
* Sep. 1951
* 1952
* Jan. 1954
* Dec. 1954
* 1955
* 1957
* 1958
* 1959
* 1961
* 1962
* 1963
* 1965
* 1966
* Mar. 1969
* Sep. 1969
* 1970
* 1972
* Jan. 1973
* Dec. 1973
* 1976
* 1977
* 1979
* 1980
* 1981
* 1983
* 1984
* 1987
* 1988
* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1994
* 1995
* 1998
* 1999
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2005
* 2006
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2016
* 2017
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2023
* 2024
* → 2026
* 2027
* 2028
* 2030
* 2031
* 2032
* 2034
* 2035
* 2036
* Jan. 2038
* Jul. 2038
* 2039
* 2041
* 2042
* 2043
* 2044
* 2045
* 2046
* 2048
* 2049
* 2052
* 2053
* Jan. 2056
* Jul. 2056
* 2057
* 2059
* 2060
* 2061
* 2063
* 2064
* 2066
* 2067
* 2070
* 2071
* Jan. 2074
* Jul. 2074
* 2075
* 2077
* 2078
* 2079
* 2081
* 2082
* 2084
* Jun. 2085
* Dec. 2085
* 2088
* 2089
* Feb. 2092
* Aug. 2092
* 2093
* 2095
* 2096
* 2097
* 2099
* 2100

Partial eclipses
→ next partial|

* Jan. 1639
* Apr. 1801
* Sep. 1801
* Oct. 1801
* Apr. 1848
* Jan. 1852
* Nov. 1855
* Nov. 1873
* Apr. 1902
* May 1902
* Oct. 1902
* Feb. 1906
* Jul. 1906
* Aug. 1906
* Dec. 1909
* Nov. 1910
* Apr. 1913
* Aug. 1913
* Sep. 1913
* Dec. 1916
* Jan. 1917
* Jun. 1917
* Jul. 1917
* May 1920
* Nov. 1920
* Mar. 1924
* Jul. 1924
* Aug. 1924
* Dec. 1927
* Jun. 1928
* Nov. 1928
* Apr. 1931
* Sep. 1931
* Oct. 1931
* Jan. 1935
* Feb. 1935
* Jun. 1935
* Jul. 1935
* Nov. 1938
* Mar. 1942
* Aug. 1942
* Sep. 1942
* Jan. 1946
* May 1946
* Jun. 1946
* Nov. 1946
* Apr. 1949
* Oct. 1949
* Feb. 1953
* Jul. 1953
* Aug. 1953
* Dec. 1956
* Mar. 1960
* Sep. 1960
* Jan. 1964
* Jun. 1964
* Jul. 1964
* Dec. 1964
* May 1967
* Mar. 1968
* Feb. 1971
* Jul. 1971
* Aug. 1971
* Dec. 1974
* May 1975
* Nov. 1975
* Apr. 1978
* Oct. 1978
* Jan. 1982
* Jun. 1982
* Jul. 1982
* Dec. 1982
* May 1985
* Apr. 1986
* Mar. 1989
* Aug. 1989
* Dec. 1992
* May 1993
* Nov. 1993
* Apr. 1996
* Oct. 1996
* Sep. 1997
* Feb. 2000
* 1 Jul. 2000
* 31 Jul. 2000
* Dec. 2000
* Apr. 2004
* Oct. 2004
* Mar. 2007
* Sep. 2007
* Jan. 2011
* Jun. 2011
* Jul. 2011
* Nov. 2011
* Oct. 2014
* Sep. 2015
* Feb. 2018
* Jul. 2018
* Aug. 2018
* Jan. 2019
* Apr. 2022
* Oct. 2022
* Mar. 2025
* → Sep. 2025
* Jan. 2029
* Jun. 2029
* Jul. 2029
* Dec. 2029
* 2032
* 2033
* Feb. 2036
* Jul. 2036
* Aug. 2036
* 2037
* May 2040
* Nov. 2040
* Jan. 2047
* Jun. 2047
* Jul. 2047
* Dec. 2047
* 2050
* Apr. 2051
* Oct. 2051
* Mar. 2054
* Aug. 2054
* Sep. 2054
* 2055
* May 2058
* Jun. 2058
* Nov. 2058
* Mar. 2062
* Sep. 2062
* Feb. 2065
* Jul. 2065
* Aug. 2065
* Dec. 2065
* 2068
* Apr. 2069
* May 2069
* Oct. 2069
* 2072
* 2073
* Jun. 2076
* Jul. 2076
* Nov. 2076
* Feb. 2083
* Jul. 2083
* Aug. 2083
* 2084
* 2086
* May 2087
* Jun. 2087
* Oct. 2087
* 2090
* 2091
* Jun. 2094
* Jul. 2094
* Dec. 2094
* Apr. 2098
* Sep. 2098
* Oct. 2098

Other bodies|

* Mars
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Related|

* Allais effect
* Eclipse chasing
* Solar viewer
* Eclipse photography
* Eclipse cycle
* Eclipse season
* Eclipses in mythology and culture
* List of films featuring eclipses
* Lunar eclipse
* Magnitude of eclipse
* Planetary transit
* Solar eclipses in fiction

* Astronomy portal
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