Economic migrant

Emigrant seeking access into a wealthier state

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Social processes

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Political theories

* Civic nationalism
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Opposition and reform

* Criticism of multiculturalism
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Causes

* Economic migrant
* War

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An economic migrant is someone who emigrates from one region to another, including crossing international borders, seeking an improved standard of living, because the conditions or job opportunities in the migrant's own region are insufficient.[1][2] The United Nations uses the term migrant worker.[3]

Although the term economic migrant may be confused with the term refugee, economic migrants leave their regions primarily due to harsh economic conditions, rather than fear of persecution on the basis of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership of a particular social group. Economic migrants are generally not eligible for asylum, unless the economic conditions they face are severe enough to have caused generalised violence, or seriously disturbed the public order.

## Legality

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Many countries[citation needed] restrict people from entering their borders to work, unless they have been granted a visa that specifically allows them to work in the country. Migrants who seek paid employment after entering without authorization to work may be subject to deportation.[4]

## Labour market

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Over the past ten years[citation needed], migrants accounted for 47% of the increase in the work force in the United States, and for over 70% of the increase in Europe, as reported by the OECD in 2012.

Migrants fill important niches in the labor market, and contribute significantly to labor market flexibility, especially in Europe[citation needed]. Recent studies[citation needed] from the OECD report that immigrants are playing a crucial role in the labor market: in the U.S., immigrants made up 22% of entries in the fastest growing occupations and 15% in Europe (healthcare, STEM, etc.).

Immigrants are also highly represented in the slowest growing occupations, making up approximately 28% of new entries in the U.S. and 24% in Europe. In the United States, these occupations are primarily in production and other industries that domestic workers would consider unattractive; in the absence of demand for these occupations, immigrant workers fill these sectors.

In OECD countries, the inflow of migrants accounts for less than 0.5%+/- change in GDP. Exceptions to this are Switzerland and Luxembourg, which have approximated a 2% net benefit in GDP due to migrants.[5]

Many developing economies largely depend on remittances sent from abroad. For example, the total remittance to GDP ratio has been estimated to be 12% in Armenia.[6] After its independence from the Soviet Union a considerable amount of emigration from Armenia happened between 1992 and 1994. By the official government statistics around 780,000 people emigrated from Armenia during 1991–1998 due to war and the economic conditions.[7] Also, due to the increased trends in immigration the country receives most of its remittances, about 64%, from the process of voluntary migration of workers to Russia, followed by the U.S. accounting to 14% of the total remittances received from abroad.[8]

## See also

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* 2015 European migrant crisis
* Anchor baby
* Asylum shopping
* Chain migration
* Economic inequality
* Economic results of migration
* Human capital flight
* Poverty
* Refugee
* Remittance

## References

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1. ^ "economic migrant – definition and synonyms". Macmillan Dictionary. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
2. ^ "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary". Oxford Dictionaries. p. economic migrant. Archived from the original on 2015-09-14.
3. ^ "United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families". United Nations. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
4. ^ Types of migration: Economic Migration, BBC
5. ^ "Migration Policy Debates" (PDF). Migration. OECD. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 11, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
6. ^ "Personal remittances, received (% of GDP) – Armenia | Data". The World Bank.
7. ^ Makaryan, Gagik; Galstyan, Mihran (October 31, 2012). "Costs and Benefits of Labour Mobility between the EU and the Eastern Partnership Partner Countries | Country report: Armenia" (PDF). case-research.eu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
8. ^ "Migration and Remittances Data".

* v
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2015 European migrant crisis

* Timeline of the 2015 European migrant crisis

Refugees and immigration|

* Afghan refugees
* Kurdish refugees
* Syrian refugees
* Libyan refugees
* Iraqi refugees
* Assyrian refugees
* Sudanese refugees
* Immigration to Europe
* Immigration to Romania
* Immigration to Germany
* Immigration to Italy
* Immigration to Greece
* African immigration to Europe
* Migration diplomacy

Migrant vehicle incidents|

* May 2007 Malta migrant shipwreck (May 2007)
* 2009 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck (March 2009)
* 2011 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck (April 2011)
* Lampedusa shipwreck (October 2013)
* 2014 Malta migrant shipwreck (September 2014)
* 2014 Libya migrant shipwreck (September 2014)
* Blue Sky M incident (December 2014)
* Ezadeen incident (January 2015)
* Burgenland corpses discovery (August 2015)
* Death of Alan Kurdi (September 2015)
* 2016 Egypt migrant shipwreck (September 2016)
* November 2016 Libya migrant shipwrecks (November 2016)
* 2018 Libya migrant shipwrecks (January 2018)
* Essex lorry deaths (October 2019)
* Sofia lorry deaths (February 2023)
* 2023 Calabria migrant boat disaster (February 2023)
* 2023 Tunisia migrant boat disasters (March & April 2023)
* 2023 Libya migrant boats sinking (April 2023)
* 2023 Messenia migrant boat disaster (June 2023)
* 2023 Canary Islands migrant boat disaster (June 2023)
* 2023 Cape Verde migrant boat disaster (July 2023)
* Mühldorf van crash (October 2023)
* List of migrant vessel incidents on the Mediterranean Sea
* List of migrant vehicle incidents in Europe

Maritime operations|

* Operation Poseidon (EU, 2006–2015)
* Operation Hermes (EU, 2011–2013)
* Operation Mare Nostrum (Italy, 2013–2014)
* Operation Triton (EU, 2014–2018)
* Operation Themis (EU, 2018–present)
* Operation Sophia (EU Navfor Med, 2015–present)
* Operation Poseidon Rapid Intervention (EU, 2015–present)
* Migrant Offshore Aid Station (NGO, 2014–2017)
* Proactiva Open Arms (NGO, 2015–2018)
* Aquarius Dignitus (NGO SOS Méditerranée, 2015–present)
* Jugend Rettet (NGO, 2016–2017)

Migrant camps|

* Basroch refugee camp
* Calais Jungle
* La Linière
* Lampedusa immigrant reception center
* Moria refugee camp
* Migrants around Calais
* Hotspot camp

Border barriers|

* Austrian border barrier
* Bulgarian border barrier
* Ceuta border fence
* Calais border barrier
* Hungarian border barrier
* Melilla border fence
* North Macedonia border barrier
* Norway–Russia border barrier
* Poland–Belarus barrier
* Slovenian border barrier

Related events|

* Murder of Khaled Idris Bahray
* 2015 Geldermalsen riot
* 2015 Corsican protests
* 2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany
* Murder of Ashley Ann Olsen
* Fatal stabbing of Alexandra Mezher
* 2016 Hungarian migrant quota referendum
* 2016 Reutlingen knife attack
* 2016 Chemnitz terrorism plot
* Murder of Maria Ladenburger
* 2017 Turku attack
* Murder of Pamela Mastropietro
* 2018 Chemnitz protests
* Murder of Desirée Mariottini
* 2021–present Belarus–EU border crisis

Related articles|

* Migration and asylum policy of the European Union
* European Union response to the 2015 migrant crisis
* European Asylum Curriculum
* European Union Agency for Asylum
* Asylum shopping
* Chain migration
* Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
* Dublin Regulation
* Eurodac
* Economic migrant
* Edlumino
* European Border Surveillance System (Eurosur)
* Fire at Sea
* Frontex
* Fortress Europe
* Illegal immigration
* Migrants around Calais
* Schengen Agreement
* Schengen Information System
* Turkey's migrant crisis
* Valletta Summit on Migration

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