Economy of Libya

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2015)

|

Economy of Libya

Tripoli, financial capital of Libya

Currency| Libyan dinar (LYD, ل.د)

Fiscal year

| calendar year

Trade organisations

| OPEC, COMESA, CEN-SAD, AMU

Country group

* Developing/Emerging[1]
* Upper-middle income economy[2]

Statistics
Population|  7,417,134 (2024)[3]
GDP|

* $44.812 billion (nominal, 2024 est.)[4]
* $106.12 billion (PPP, 2024 est.)[4]

GDP rank|

* 98th (nominal, 2024)
* 98th (PPP, 2024)

GDP growth

* 10.2% (2023)
* 2.4% (2024e)
* 13.7% (2025f)
* 4.1% (2026f)

GDP per capita

* $6,482 (nominal, 2024 est.)[4]
* $17,800 (PPP, 2024 est.)[4]

GDP per capita rank

* 103rd (nominal, 2024)
* 107th (PPP, 2024)

GDP by sector

* agriculture 1.3%
* industry 52.3%
* services 46.4%
* (2017 est.)[5]

Inflation (CPI)

| 2% (2024)[4]

Population below poverty line

* NA%
* about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line[6]

Gini coefficient

| N/A

Human Development Index

|  0.718 high (2022)[7]

Labour force

* 2,534,196 (2023)[8]
* 38.7% employment rate (2012)[9]

Labour force by occupation

* agriculture: 17%
* industry: 23%
* services: 59%
* (2004)[6]

Unemployment|  18.74% (2023 est.)[6]

Main industries

| petroleum, steel, iron, food processing, textiles, cement
External
Exports|  $32.38 billion (2021 est.)[6]

Export goods

| crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals

Main export partners

* Italy 26%
* Spain 10%
* Germany 9%
* China 7%
* France 6% (2022)[6]

Imports| $25.406 billion (2021 est.)[6]

Import goods

| machinery, transport equipment, semi-finished goods, food, consumer products

Main import partners

* Turkey 15%
* China 12%
* Italy 12%
* Greece 10%
* UAE 7% (2022)[6]

FDI stock

* $92.427 billion (2023 est.)[6]
* Abroad: $20.97 billion (31 December 2017 est.)[6]

Current account

|  $5.675 billion (2021 est.)[6]

Gross external debt

|  $3.02 billion (31 December 2017 est.)[6]
Public finances

Government debt

|  4.7% of GDP (2017 est.)[6]

Foreign reserves

|  $74.71 billion (31 December 2017 est.)[6]

Budget balance

| −25.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)[6]
Revenues| 28.005 billion (2019 est.)[6]
Expenses| 37.475 billion (2019 est.)[6]
Economic aid| recipient ODA $9 million (2010), $642 million (2011), $87 million (2012)[10]

All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

The economy of Libya depends primarily on revenues from the petroleum sector, which represents over 95% of export earnings and 60% of GDP.[11] These oil revenues and a small population have given Libya one of the highest nominal per capita GDP in Africa.[12][11]

After 2000, Libya recorded favorable growth rates with an estimated 10.6% growth of GDP in 2010. This development was interrupted by the Libyan Civil War, which resulted in contraction of the economy by 62.1% in 2011. After the war, the economy rebounded by 104.5% in 2012. It crashed again following the Second Libyan Civil War.[13] As of 2024, Libya's per capita PPP GDP stands at only 65% of its pre-war level in 2010.[14]

## Macroeconomic trends

[edit]

Libyan GDP per capita was about $40 in the early 1920s and it rose to $1,018 by 1967. In 1947 alone, per capita GDP rose by 42 percent.

The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2021 (with IMF staff estimates in 2022–2027). Inflation below 5% is in green.[15] The annual unemployment rate is extracted from the World Bank, although the International Monetary Fund find them unreliable.

Year  | GDP

(in Bil. US$PPP)

| GDP per capita

(in US$ PPP)

| GDP

(in Bil. US$nominal)

| GDP per capita

(in US$ nominal)

| GDP growth

(real)

| Inflation rate

(in Percent)

| Unemployment

(in Percent)

| Government debt

(in % of GDP)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1980  | 97.8  | 32,745.5  | 40.2  | 13,449.6  | 0.6%  | 14.3%  | n/a  | n/a
1981  | 85.6  | 27,398.5  | 34.7  | 11,107.6  | -20.0%  | 13.2%  | n/a  | n/a
1982  | 92.3  | 28,202.7  | 34.6  | 10,575.6  | 1.5%  | 13.8%  | n/a  | n/a
1983  | 91.4  | 26,800.2  | 33.0  | 9,671.5  | -4.7%  | 10.5%  | n/a  | n/a
1984  | 86.8  | 24,406.1  | 30.9  | 8,681.2  | -8.3%  | 12.4%  | n/a  | n/a
1985  | 90.1  | 25,471.4  | 30.4  | 8,586.4  | 0.6%  | 9.1%  | n/a  | n/a
1986  | 81.5  | 22,172.1  | 24.8  | 6,734.0  | -11.4%  | 3.4%  | n/a  | n/a
1987  | 71.2  | 18,585.1  | 23.0  | 6,002.1  | -14.7%  | 4.4%  | n/a  | n/a
1988  | 79.3  | 18,346.5  | 25.9  | 5,981.6  | 7.6%  | 3.1%  | n/a  | n/a
1989  | 88.4  | 19,550.0  | 27.4  | 6,070.1  | 7.2%  | 4.5%  | n/a  | n/a
1990  | 95.1  | 22,327.7  | 31.6  | 7,424.2  | 3.7%  | 0.7%  | n/a  | 4.7%
1991  | 116.3  | 26,685.3  | 35.0  | 8,026.3  | 18.3%  | 11.7%  | 19.8%  | 9.6%
1992  | 113.6  | 25,468.7  | 35.5  | 7,950.5  | -4.5%  | 9.5%  | 20.0%  | 1.2%
1993  | 109.9  | 24,106.1  | 31.9  | 6,998.3  | -5.5%  | 7.5%  | 20.0%  | -4.6%
1994  | 115.9  | 24,921.7  | 29.7  | 6,391.1  | 3.2%  | 10.7%  | 19.9%  | -1.6%
1995  | 100.1  | 21,064.9  | 33.7  | 7,102.9  | -15.4%  | 8.3%  | 20.0%  | 4.8%
1996  | 103.7  | 21,422.2  | 36.8  | 7,608.8  | 1.8%  | 4.0%  | 19.8%  | 12.2%
1997  | 102.7  | 20,872.4  | 37.7  | 7,663.0  | -2.6%  | 3.6%  | 19.8%  | -1.3%
1998  | 103.1  | 20,587.9  | 30.9  | 6,171.8  | -0.7%  | 3.7%  | 19.8%  | -1.5%
1999  | 104.4  | 20,511.0  | 37.1  | 7,294.5  | -0.2%  | 2.6%  | 19.7%  | 6.4%
2000  | 111.1  | 21,444.4  | 39.5  | 7,625.0  | 4.0%  | -2.9%  | 19.7%  | 13.6%
2001  | 116.6  | 22,161.2  | 35.2  | 6,693.1  | 2.6%  | -8.8%  | 19.7%  | 0.4%
2002  | 114.0  | 21,343.2  | 21.1  | 3,956.5  | -3.7%  | -9.9%  | 19.6%  | 7.0%
2003  | 135.0  | 24,905.2  | 27.0  | 4,986.3  | 16.1%  | -2.1%  | 19.5%  | 6.2%
2004  | 146.7  | 26,626.3  | 34.1  | 6,180.4  | 5.8%  | 1.3%  | 19.5%  | 11.3%
2005  | 167.4  | 29,942.7  | 48.9  | 8,739.2  | 10.6%  | 2.7%  | 19.4%  | 30.4%
2006  | 173.0  | 30,408.6  | 60.1  | 10,561.4  | 0.3%  | 1.5%  | 19.4%  | 29.1%
2007  | 188.8  | 32,659.5  | 68.2  | 11,801.3  | 6.2%  | 6.2%  | 19.4%  | 28.4%
2008  | 192.1  | 32,666.6  | 86.8  | 14,762.6  | -0.2%  | 10.4%  | 19.4%  | 27.7%
2009  | 184.8  | 31,007.5  | 60.8  | 10,202.8  | -4.4%  | 2.4%  | 19.4%  | -5.5%
2010  | 196.4  | 32,515.4  | 75.4  | 12,478.0  | 5.0%  | 2.5%  | 19.3%  | 11.5%
2011  | 99.6  | 16,810.9  | 48.2  | 8,132.3  | -50.3%  | 15.9%  | 19.4%  | -11.5%
2012  | 172.5  | 27,458.8  | 92.5  | 14,728.1  | 86.8%  | 6.1%  | 19.0%  | 24.6%
2013  | 144.5  | 23,054.5  | 75.4  | 12,025.6  | -18.0%  | 2.6%  | 19.5%  | -16.3%
2014  | 126.9  | 20,273.6  | 57.4  | 9,166.6  | -23.0%  | 2.4%  | 19.5%  | -30.5%
2015  | 137.2  | 21,709.9  | 48.7  | 7,706.7  | -0.8%  | 10.0%  | 19.5%  | -28.5%
2016  | 137.4  | 21,520.7  | 49.9  | 7,817.6  | -1.5%  | 25.9%  | 19.5%  | -29.3%
2017  | 154.4  | 23,949.3  | 67.2  | 10,414.1  | 32.5%  | 25.9%  | 19.4%  | -11.1%
2018  | 170.7  | 26,207.0  | 76.7  | 11,773.8  | 7.9%  | 14.0%  | 19.5%  | 9.4%
2019  | 154.3  | 23,454.9  | 69.2  | 10,526.3  | -11.2%  | -2.9%  | 19.7%  | 11.9%
2020  | 110.1  | 16,575.1  | 46.9  | 7,056.7  | -29.5%  | 1.5%  | 20.1%  | -22.3%
2021  | 147.1  | 21,929.0  | 39.0  | 5,813.3  | 28.3%  | 2.8%  | 19.6%  | 11.3%
2022  | 128.4  | 18,944.7  | 40.8  | 6,025.7  | -18.5%  | 5.5%  | n/a  | 15.8%
2023  | 156.7  | 22,899.5  | 43.8  | 6,391.8  | 17.9%  | 4.0%  | n/a  | 22.1%
2024  | 172.8  | 24,997.2  | 45.6  | 6,599.0  | 8.0%  | 3.0%  | n/a  | 18.8%
2025  | 188.8  | 27,034.7  | 47.7  | 6,836.3  | 7.2%  | 3.0%  | n/a  | 16.5%
2026  | 200.5  | 28,434.6  | 49.1  | 6,964.6  | 4.2%  | 3.0%  | n/a  | 13.5%
2027  | 212.8  | 29,874.1  | 50.5  | 7,096.0  | 4.1%  | 3.1%  | n/a  | 9.7%

Notes:
1\. For purchasing power parity comparisons, the US Dollar is exchanged at 0.77 Libyan Dinars only.

Mean wages were $9.51 per man-hour in 2009 (amounts to a compensation of $1598 for 21 working days of 8 hours).

## Oil sector

[edit]

See also: Energy in Libya

Development of oil production in Libya

Libya is an OPEC member and holds the largest proven oil reserves in Africa (followed by Nigeria and Algeria), 41.5 Gbbl (6.60×109 m3) as of January 2007, up from 39.1 Gbbl (6.22×109 m3) in 2006. About 80% of Libya's proven oil reserves are located in the Sirte Basin, which is responsible for 90% of the country's oil output.[16] The state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC) dominates Libya's oil industry, along with smaller subsidiaries, which combined account for around 50% of the country's oil output. Among NOC's subsidiaries, the largest oil producer is the Waha Oil Company (WOC), followed by the Agoco, Zueitina Oil Company (ZOC), and Sirte Oil Company (SOC). Oil resources, which account for approximately 95% of export earnings, 75% of government receipts, and over 50% of GDP. Oil revenues constitute the principal foreign exchange source. Reflecting the heritage of the command economy, three-quarters of employment is in the public sector, and private investment remains small at around 2% of GDP.[17]

A map of world oil reserves according to U.S. EIA, 2017

Falling world oil prices in the early 1980s and economic sanctions caused a serious decline in economic activity, eventually leading to a slow private sector rehabilitation. At 2.6% per year on average, real GDP growth was modest and volatile during the 1990s. Libya's GDP grew in 2001 due to high oil prices, the end of a long cyclical drought, and increased foreign direct investment following the suspension of UN sanctions in 1999. Real GDP growth has been boosted by high oil revenues, reaching 4.6% in 2004 and 3.5% in 2005. Despite efforts to diversify the economy and encourage private sector participation, extensive controls of prices, credit, trade, and foreign exchange constrain growth.

Although UN sanctions were suspended in 1999, foreign investment in the Libyan gas and oil sectors were severely curtailed due to the U.S. Iran and Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA), which capped the amount foreign companies can invest in Libya yearly at $20 million (lowered from $40 million in 2001). As of May 2006, the U.S. has removed Libya from its list of states that sponsor terrorism and has normalised ties and removed sanctions. This clears the road for U.S. oil companies to exploit Libyan oil and is expected to have a positive impact on the Libyan economy. [1]

The NOC hopes to raise oil production from 1.80 million bpd in 2006 to 2 million bpd by 2008. FDI into the oil sector is likely, which is attractive due to its low cost of oil recovery, high oil quality, and proximity to European markets.[18] Most Libyan oil is sold on a term basis, including to the country's Oilinvest marketing network in Europe; to companies like Agip, OMV, Repsol YPF, Tupras, CEPSA, and Total; and small volumes to Asian and South African companies.[19]

Statistic | Amount

|

Proven Oil Reserves (2007E) | 41.5 Gbbl (6.60×10 ~~^~~ 9 m3)
Oil Production (2006E) | 1.8 million barrels per day (290×10 ~~^~~ 3 m3/d) (95% crude)
Oil Consumption (2006E) | 284,000 barrels per day (45,200 m3/d)
Net Oil Exports (2006E) | 1.5 million barrels per day (240×10 ~~^~~ 3 m3/d)
Crude Oil Distillation Capacity (2006E) | 378 kbbl/d (60.1×10 ~~^~~ 3 m3/d)
Proven Natural Gas Reserves (2007E) | 52.7×10 ~~^~~ 12 cu ft (1.49×1012 m3)
Natural Gas Production (2006E) | 3,999×10 ~~^~~ 9 cu ft (1.132×1011 m3)
Natural Gas consumption (2005E) | 206×10 ~~^~~ 9 cu ft (5.8×109 m3)

Notes:
1\. Energy Information Administration (2007)

### Field Development and Exploration

[edit]

Further information: Oil reserves in Libya

Oil is Libya's major resource.

In November 2005, Repsol YPF discovered a significant oil deposit of light, sweet crude in the Murzuq Basin. Industry experts believe the discovery to be one of the biggest made in Libya for several years. Repsol YPF is joined by a consortium of partners including OMV, Total and Norsk Hydro. Also located in Murzuq Basin is Eni's Elephant field. In October 1997, a consortium led by British company Lasmo, along with Eni and a group of five South Korean companies, announced that it had discovered large recoverable crude reserves about 800 kilometres (500 mi) south of Tripoli.[20] Lasmo estimated field production would cost around $1 per barrel. Elephant began production in February 2004.

WOC's Waha fields currently produce around 350,000 bbl/d (56,000 m3/d). In 2005, ConocoPhillips and co-venturers reached an agreement with NOC to return to its operations in Libya and extend the Waha concession 25 years. ConocoPhillips operates the Waha fields with a 16.33% share in the project. NOC has the largest share of the Waha concession, and additional partners include Marathon and Amerada Hess.[21]

### Refining and Downstream

[edit]

Libya has five domestic refineries:

Refinery | Capacity | Operator

|
|

Zawia Refinery | 120,000 | ZOC
Ras Lanuf Refinery | 220,000 | Ras Lanuf
El-Brega Refinery | 10,000 | SOC
Tobruk Refinery | 20,000 | Agoco
Sarir Refinery | 10,000 | Agoco

Notes:
1\. Amounts in barrels per day.

## Diversification

[edit]

Pivot irrigation in Kufra, southeast Cyrenaica. Oil wealth has enabled Libya to pursue extravagant projects such as agriculture and the Great Manmade River in the Sahara Desert. Modern buildings in Tripoli before the wars, 2009

In 2007, mining and hydrocarbon industries accounted for well over 95 percent of the Libyan economy.[citation needed] Diversification of the economy into manufacturing industries remain a long-term issue.

Although agriculture is the second-largest sector in the economy, Libya depends on imports in most foods. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit farm output, and domestic food production meets only about 25% of demand. Domestic conditions limit output, while higher incomes and a growing population have caused food consumption to rise. Because of low rainfall levels in Libya, agricultural projects such as the Kufra oasis rely on underground water sources. Libya's primary agricultural water source remains the Great Manmade River (GMMR), but significant resources are being invested in desalinization research to meet growing demand. Libyan agricultural projects and policies are overseen by a General Inspector; there is no Ministry of Agriculture, per se.[22]

Libya produced in 2018:

* 348 thousand tons of potato;
* 236 thousand tons of watermelon;
* 215 thousand tons of tomato;
* 188 thousand tons of olive;
* 183 thousand tons of onion;
* 176 thousand tons of date;
* 138 thousand tons of wheat;
* 93 thousand tons of barley;
* 72 thousand tons of vegetable;
* 60 thousand tons of plum;
* 53 thousand tons of orange;

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.[23]

## Tourism

[edit]

Main article: Tourism in Libya

The tourism industry was heavily hit by the Libyan Civil War. Before the war tourism was developing, with 149,000 tourists visiting Libya in 2004, rising to 180,000 in 2007, although this still only contributed less than 1% of the country's GDP. There were 1,000,000 day visitors in the same year.[24][25] The country is best known for its ancient Greek and Roman ruins and Sahara desert landscapes.

## Labor market

[edit]

Libya posted a 3.3% rate of population growth during 1960–2003. In 2003, 86% of the population was urban, compared to 45% in 1970. Although no reliable estimates are available, unemployment is reportedly acute: over 50% of the population under the age of 20. Moreover, despite the bias of labor market regulations favoring Libyan workers, the mismatch of the educational system with market demand has produced a large pool of expatriate workers, with typically better-suited education and higher productivity. However, because of shortages for manual labor, Libya has also attracted important numbers of less skilled immigrants. Expatriate workers represent an estimated fifth of the labor force.[26]

Although significant, the proportion of expatriate workers is still below oil producing countries in the Persian Gulf. Foreign workers mainly come from the Maghreb, Egypt, Turkey, India, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Poland, Chad, Sudan, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[27][28] They tend to earn relatively high wages, taking either skilled or hard manual jobs. Census data for 2000 show the share of expatriates earning over LD 300 (US$230) per month was 20%, compared to 12% for Libyan nationals. A campaign encouraging conversion of qualified civil servants to entrepreneurs, in the face of public sector over employment and declining productivity, does not seem to be producing the desired results thus far.[17]

## External trade and finance

[edit]

Libyan export destinations in 2006.

The Government is in the process of preparing a financial sector reform program. Recent legislation setting corporate governance standards for financial institutions makes progress towards better management and greater operational independence of public banks. However, Libyan public banks still lack management structures supported by skills in critical areas like credit, investment, risk management, and information and control systems.

The new banking law reinforces the independence of the Central Bank of Libya (CBL) and offers a legal framework for regulating banking activities, even if some provisions call for improvement. Despite progress brought by the new banking Law that specifies and limits its duties and responsibilities, the CBL remains the owner of the public banks, with the associated potential conflict of interest between ownership and regulation.

Financial sector reform has also progressed with partial interest rate liberalization. Interest rates have been liberalized on deposits, while a lending rate ceiling has been set above the discount rate. The Libyan Stock Exchange, established in 2007, is the first exchange of its kind in the country.

In 2011, Libya Oil Holdings had its €38m stake in Irish exploration firm Circle Oil frozen on foot of a European Union order that's been put in place to put pressure on the Gaddafi regime.[29]

Tunisia's exports to Libya, exceeding 18% growth between 2020 and 2024.[30]

Two trans-African automobile routes pass through Libya:

* Cairo-Dakar Highway
* Tripoli-Cape Town Highway

## Statistics

[edit]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 11%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%

Industrial production growth rate: 2.7% (2009)

Electricity - production: 24 billion kWh (2007 est)

Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1998)

Electricity - consumption: 22.17 billion kWh (2007 est)

Electricity - exports: 104 million kWh (2007)

Electricity - imports: 77 million kWh (2007)

Agriculture - products: wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans, cattle, corn

## International rankings

[edit]

Organisation  | Survey  | Ranking

|
|

The Economist | The World in 2005 - Worldwide quality-of-life index, 2005 | 70 out of 111
Energy Information Administration | Greatest Oil Reserves by Country, 2006 | 9 out of 20
Reporters Without Borders | Press Freedom Index (2007) | 155 out of 169
Transparency International | Corruption Perceptions Index 2007 | 131 out of 180
United Nations Development Programme | Human Development Index 2005 | 58 out of 177

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
2. ^ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
3. ^ "Population, total - Libya". worldometers.info. WorldoMeters. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
4. ^ a b c d e "World Economic Outlook". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund.
5. ^ "The World Factbook- Libya". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "The World Factbook". CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
7. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
8. ^ "Labor force, total - Libya". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
9. ^ "Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Libya". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
10. ^ http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/documentupload/LBY.JPG Archived 25 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine OECD Statistics
11. ^ a b "Libya". Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
12. ^ USD 12,062 as of 2010 (IMF estimate); rank 48 worldwide, followed by Equatorial Guinea with USD 11,081 on rank 51.
13. ^ "GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 international $) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
14. ^ "IMF World Economic Outlook Chart 2024". Retrieved 9 April 2025.
15. ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
16. ^ Oil and Gas Journal, 2007
17. ^ a b World Bank 2006
18. ^ International Crude Oil Market Handbook
19. ^ EIA 2007
20. ^ "OMV's 1st Oil Find in Libya since Revolution". libya-businessnews.com/. Libya Business News. 22 October 2013. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
21. ^ EIA 2007 p.3
22. ^ Doing Business in LIBYA: A Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies, March, 2006
23. ^ "Libya production in 2018, by FAO". Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
24. ^ Annual Review of Developments in Globalization and Regional Integration in the Arab Countries, 2007. UN. 2013. p. 21\. doi:10.18356/b9466ffc-en. ISBN 9789210557740. Archived from the original on 3 June 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
25. ^ "Tripoli, Libya – A Prosperous Prospect. - Tuesday, 23rd September 2008 at 4Hoteliers". 4hoteliers.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
26. ^ Although, in the absence of a labor force survey, estimates are surrounded by considerable uncertainty
27. ^ http://www.seenews.com/news/latestnews/bosnia_senergoinvestsees2007profitunchanging_signscontractsinlibya_-151444/ Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine Bosnia's Energoinvest Sees 2007 Profit Flat, Signs Contracts in Libya, Algeria
28. ^ http://www.arabianbusiness.com/506991-bosnian-firm-clinches-52mn-libya-deal?ln=en Archived 5 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine Bosnian firm clinches $52mn Libya deal
29. ^ "Libya Stake in Circle Oil Frozen". Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
30. ^ "Tunisia reports marked growth in exports to Libya". Libyan Express. 24 April 2025. Retrieved 24 April 2025.

## References

[edit]

* Energy Information Administration (2007) Libya: Country Analysis Brief
* World Bank (2006), Libya: Economic Report, Social & Economic Development Group
* P. Mobbs (2002) Mineral Industry of Libya Archived 10 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
* T. Ahlbrandt (2001) Sirte Basin Province: Sirte-Zelten Total Petroleum System USGS
* Central Bank Of Libya Economic Bulletin Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
* National Authority for Information and Statistics, Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
* Pilat D., Innovation and Productivity in Services - State of the Art, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Directorate for Science, Technology, and Industry, Paris. 2000
* GSPLA. Agriculture achievements in 20 years. Secretariat of Agriculture Land Reclamation and Animal Wealth. 1989
* GSPLA. Agriculture in Libya. Facts and Figure 1970.
* Mohamed Al Genedal. Agriculture in Libya. Arab Book Publishers 1978.
* Ali Rahuma. Cost of barley and wheat production in some state managed agricultural projects. J. Agric. Res. 1989
* Future of food economics in the Arab State. Vol. 4. Statistics. 1979.
* Statistical index 1970. Ministry of Economic and Planning.

## See also

[edit]

* Central Bank of Libya
* List of companies of Libya
* List of banks in Libya
* United Nations Economic Commission for: Africa & Western Asia

## External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Economy of Libya.

* Libya Connected - Business in Libya
* History of Exploratation of the Petroleum Geology of Libya
* Map of the oil and gas infrastructure in Libya

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Economy of Libya

Currency: Libyan dinar

Communications|

* Banking
* Communications
* History of trade
* Transportation

Industries|

* Agriculture
* Tourism

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Libya

History|

* Ancient
* Roman
* Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica
* Spanish Tripoli
* Hospitaller Tripoli
* Ottoman
* Italian colonization
* Italian Tripolitania
* Italian Cyrenaica
* Italian Libya
* Libyan genocide
* The Holocaust
* Allied occupation
* Kingdom
* Libya under Gaddafi
* State of Libya
* Libyan Crisis
* 2011
* 2014-2020

Geography|

* Borders
* Cities
* Climate
* Districts
* Ecoregions
* Libyan Desert
* Municipalities
* Subdivisions
* Wildlife

Politics|

* Constitution
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Foreign relations under Gaddafi
* Government of National Accord
* Government of National Unity
* Presidential Council
* Head of state
* Head of government
* High Council of State
* House of Representatives
* Military
* Human rights
* Abortion
* LGBT

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Central Bank
* Communications
* Companies
* Dinar (currency)
* Energy
* Great Man-Made River
* National Oil Corporation
* Oil reserves
* Tourism
* Transport

Culture|

* Demographics
* Education
* Health
* Libyan Arabic
* Literature
* Flag
* Media
* Music
* Public holidays
* Religion
* Sports
* Football
* Olympics
* Women

* Outline
* Index

* Category
* Portal

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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

* Algeria
* Equatorial Guinea
* Gabon
* Iran
* Iraq
* Kuwait
* Libya
* Nigeria
* Republic of the Congo
* Saudi Arabia
* United Arab Emirates
* Venezuela

* List of secretaries general
* OPEC Fund for International Development
* OPEC Reference Basket

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Economy of Africa

Sovereign states|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

States with limited
recognition

* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland

Dependencies and
other territories

* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara

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